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Yang SC, Lai WW, Wu TI, Hwang JS, Wang JD, Wang F. Losses of lifetime employment duration and productivity for patients with different subtypes and stages of lung cancer. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2024; 25:775-785. [PMID: 37548803 PMCID: PMC11192829 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-023-01624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How different subtypes and stages of lung cancer affect morbidity- and mortality-associated productivity have not been investigated. This study quantified the losses of lifetime employment duration and productivity among patients with various subtypes and stages of lung cancer. METHODS We identified nationwide lung cancer patients diagnosed at the ages of 50-64 between 2011 and 2019. Monthly survival probabilities were weighted by monthly employed-to-population ratios and working salaries to estimate lifetime employment duration and productivity. We compared lifetime employment duration and productivity of patients with those of the age-, sex-, calendar year-matched general population for losses of lifetime employment duration and productivity, which were multiplied by pathology and stage shifts based on the first-round screening of Taiwan Lung Cancer Screening in Never Smoker Trial (TALENT) to calculate the savings of lifetime employment duration and productivity. RESULTS Lung cancer patients had shorter survival and employment duration than the referents. Patients with lung cancers other than adenocarcinoma experienced greater losses of lifetime employment duration and productivity as compared to adenocarcinoma patients. Applying the estimations of never-smoking patients to 100 lung cancer patients with pathology and stage shifts based on the TALENT, the savings of lifetime employment duration and productivity were 132.2 (95% prediction interval: 116.2-147.4) years and 3353 (95% prediction interval: 2914-3802) thousand US dollars, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Early diagnosis of lung cancer would save the losses of employment duration and lifetime productivity. Future evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening could consider incorporating these societal impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-I Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fuhmei Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Economics, College of Social Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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2
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Summers JA, Wilson N, Blakely T, Sigglekow F. Disease-Related Loss to Government Funding: Longitudinal Analysis of Individual-Level Health and Tax Data for an Entire Country. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 26:170-175. [PMID: 36127245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this longitudinal analysis was to estimate funding loss in terms of tax revenue to the New Zealand (NZ) government from disease and injury among working age adults. METHODS Linked national health and tax data sets of the usually resident population between 2006 and 2016 were used to model 40 disease states simultaneously in a fixed-effects regression analysis to estimate population-level tax loss from disease and injury. To estimate tax revenue loss to the NZ government, we modeled a counterfactual scenario where all disease/injury was cause deleted. RESULTS The estimated tax paid by all 25- to 64-year-olds in the eligible NZ population was $15 773 million (m) per annum (US dollar 2021), or $16 446 m for a counterfactual as though no one had any disease disease-related income loss (a 4.3% or $672.9 m increase in tax revenue per annum). The disease that-if it had no impact on income-generated the greatest impact was mental illness, contributing 34.7% ($233.3 m) of all disease-related tax loss, followed by cardiovascular (14.7%, $99.0 m) and endocrine (10.2%, $68.8 m). Tax revenue gains after deleting all disease/injury increased up to 65 years of age, with the largest contributor occurring among 60- to 64-year-olds ($131.7 m). Varied results were also observed among different ethnicities and differing levels of deprivation. CONCLUSIONS This study finds considerable variation by disease on worker productivity and therefore tax revenue in this high-income country. These findings strengthen the economic and government case for prevention, particularly the prevention of mental health conditions and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Summers
- BODE(3) Programme, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Nick Wilson
- BODE(3) Programme, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tony Blakely
- Population Interventions, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Finn Sigglekow
- BODE(3) Programme, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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3
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Mikhail Lette MN, Paez D, Shulman LN, Guckenberger M, Douillard JY, Oyen WJG, Giammarile F, Rangarajan V, Ginsberg M, Pellet O, Liao Z, Abdel Wahab M. Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients With Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2100100. [PMID: 35649215 PMCID: PMC9225682 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Key to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening. METHODS The paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning. RESULTS Imaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning. CONCLUSION Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer worldwide. The essential role that medical imaging and nuclear medicine play in early diagnosis and disease staging cannot be overstated, pivotal in selecting the many patients for whom measurably improved outcomes are attainable. Prevention synergized with patient-centered, compassionate, high-quality lung cancer management provision mandate that strategic population-based planning, including universal health coverage strategies, should extend well beyond the scope of disease prevention to include both curative and noncurative treatment options for the millions afflicted with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Mikhail Lette
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Paez
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lawrence N Shulman
- The Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Wim J G Oyen
- European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Giammarile
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Olivier Pellet
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - May Abdel Wahab
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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Nahvijou A, Daroudi R, Javan-Noughabi J, Dehdarirad H, Faramarzi A. The Lost Productivity Cost of Premature Mortality Owing to Cancers in Iran: Evidence From the GLOBOCAN 2012 to 2018 Estimates. Value Health Reg Issues 2022; 31:1-9. [PMID: 35313156 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimation of the lost productivity cost of premature deaths because of cancers can provide invaluable information for identifying the priorities and resource needs in the design of cancer control strategies. This study aimed to estimate the premature mortality costs because of cancers using GLOBOCAN estimates in Iran. METHODS In this study, we estimated the lost productivity cost of premature deaths because of cancers in Iran from 2012 and 2018, using the human capital approach with respect to the cancer site, sex, and age. Data on cancer mortality were extracted from the GLOBOCAN reports. In addition, economic information, such as annual income, employment rate, housekeeping rate, and gross domestic product, was extracted from the World Bank Data and the Statistical Center of Iran. A discount rate of 3% was applied and costs were reported in constant 2017 international dollars. RESULTS From 2012 and 2018, the lost productivity cost of premature deaths because of cancers increased by 18% in Iran ($2453 million in 2012 and $2887 million in 2018). In contrast, the number of deaths and the years of life lost because of cancers increased by approximately 8%. The mortality cost was approximately 35% and 56% higher in men than in women in 2012 and 2018, respectively. Stomach, colorectal, esophageal, and breast cancers accounted for > 40% of total cancer mortality costs in 2012. Stomach cancer, brain cancer, nervous system cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia were responsible for 57% of cancer mortality costs in 2018. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings, the lost productivity costs of premature mortality because of cancers have increased significantly in Iran. Overall, evidence-based policy making for managing the costs of cancers and resource allocation depends on analyzing epidemiological and economic data in the health sector. This study presented helpful findings on cancer mortality costs to support evidence for decision making in healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Nahvijou
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajabali Daroudi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javan-Noughabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Dehdarirad
- Department of Medical Library and Information Science, The School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faramarzi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Penz ED, Fenton BJ, Hu N, Marciniuk D. Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer Between 2000 and 2015 in Saskatchewan: Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31350. [PMID: 35254280 PMCID: PMC8933801 DOI: 10.2196/31350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are both detrimental diseases that present great burdens on society. Years of life lost (YLL), premature years of life lost (PYLL), working years lost (WYL), and productivity loss are all effective measures in identifying economic burden of disease. Objective We propose a population-based study to analyze comprehensive provincial cohorts of Saskatchewan residents with COPD, lung cancer, and combined COPD and lung cancer in order to identify the burden these diseases present. Methods Saskatchewan residents over the age of 35 years who had COPD, lung cancer, or both, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, will be identified and used in this study. Data for analysis including age, gender, and date of death, alongside Statistics Canada income estimates, will be used to estimate productivity loss and WYL. Statistics Canada life tables will be used to calculate YLL and PYLL by subtracting the patients’ ages at death by their life expectancies, adjusted using sex and age at death.
We will link the Saskatchewan cancer registry with Saskatchewan health administrative databases to create three cohorts: (1) COPD; (2) lung cancer; and (3) COPD and lung cancer. Individuals with lung cancer will be identified using ICDO-T (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-Topography) codes, and those with COPD will be defined and identified as individuals who had at least 1 visit to a physician with a diagnosis of COPD or 1 hospital separation with a diagnosis of COPD. Those without a valid health care coverage for a consecutive 12 months prior to the first diagnostic code will be excluded from the study. Those with a combined diagnosis of COPD and lung cancer will be identified as individuals who were diagnosed with COPD in the 12 months following their lung cancer diagnosis or anytime preceding their lung cancer diagnosis. Results As of April 2021, we have had access to all relevant data for this study, have received funding (January 2020), and have begun the preliminary analysis of our data set. Conclusions It is well documented that COPD and lung cancer are both destructive diseases in terms of YLL, PYLL, WYL, and productivity loss; however, no studies have been conducted to analyze a cohort with combined COPD and lung cancer. Understanding the economic burden associated with each of our 3 cohorts is necessary in understanding and thus reducing the societal impact of COPD and lung cancer. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/31350
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dianne Penz
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Respiratory Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Benjamin John Fenton
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Respiratory Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nianping Hu
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darcy Marciniuk
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Respiratory Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Ortega-Ortega M, Hanly P, Pearce A, Soerjomataram I, Sharp L. Paid and unpaid productivity losses due to premature mortality from cancer in Europe in 2018. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:580-593. [PMID: 34569617 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When someone dies prematurely from cancer this represents a loss of productivity for society. This loss can be valued and provides a measure of the cancer burden. We estimated paid and unpaid productivity lost due to cancer-related premature mortality in 31 European countries in 2018. Lost productivity was estimated for all cancers combined and 23 cancer sites, overall, by region and country. Deaths aged 15 to 64 were abstracted from GLOBOCAN 2018. Unpaid time lost (housework, caring, volunteering) was derived from Eurostat. Paid and unpaid productivity losses were valued using the human capital approach. In total, 347,149 premature cancer deaths occurred (60% male). The total value of cancer-related lost productivity was €104.6 billion. Of this, €52.9 billion (50.6%) was due to lost paid work, and €51.7 billion (49.4%) to unpaid work. Females accounted for 36.7% of paid work costs but half (51.1%) of the unpaid work costs. Costs were highest in Western Europe (€52.0 billion). The most costly cancer was lung (€21.7 billion), followed by breast (€10.6 billion). The average loss per premature death was highest for Hodgkin's lymphoma (€506 345), melanoma (€450 694), brain cancer (€428 449) and leukaemia (€378 750). Cancer-related lost productivity costs are significant. Almost half are due to unpaid work losses, indicating the importance of considering both paid and unpaid labour in assessing the cancer economic burden. The high cost per premature death of some less common cancers illustrates the potential benefits that could accrue from investment in prevention and control of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ortega-Ortega
- Department of Applied and Public Economics, and Political Economy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Hanly
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Alison Pearce
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Lorenzovici L, Bârzan-Székely A, Farkas-Ráduly S, Pană BC, Csanádi M, Chiriac ND, Kaló Z. Burden of Chronic Heart Failure in Romania. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010107. [PMID: 35052271 PMCID: PMC8775306 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) affects millions of people across the world, with increasing trends in prevalence, putting ever increasing pressure on the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to assess the financial burden of CHF hospital care on the public healthcare sector in Romania by estimating the number of inpatient episodes and the associated costs. Additionally, societal costs associated with missed work and premature death of CHF patients were also estimated. The national claims database was analyzed to estimate the number of CHF patients. Cost data was extracted from a pool of nine public hospitals in Romania. In 2019, 375,037 CHF patient episodes were identified on specific wards at the national level. The average cost calculated for the selected nine hospitals was EUR 996. The calculated weighted national average cost per patient episode was EUR 1002, resulting in a total cost of EUR 376 million at the national level. The cost of workdays missed summed up to EUR 122 million, while the annual costs associated with the premature death of CHF patients was EUR 230 million. In conclusion, the prevalence of CHF in Romania is high, accounting for a large proportion of hospitalizations, which translates into large costs for the national payer.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Lorenzovici
- Syreon Research Romania, 540004 Tirgu Mures, Romania; (L.L.); (S.F.-R.)
- Department of Doctoral Studies, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrea Bârzan-Székely
- Syreon Research Romania, 540004 Tirgu Mures, Romania; (L.L.); (S.F.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Bogdan C. Pană
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marcell Csanádi
- Syreon Research Institute, 1142 Budapest, Hungary; (M.C.); (Z.K.)
| | | | - Zoltán Kaló
- Syreon Research Institute, 1142 Budapest, Hungary; (M.C.); (Z.K.)
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
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Gouliaev A, Risikesan J, Christensen NL, Rasmussen TR, Hilberg O, Ibsen R, Løkke A. Direct and indirect economic burden of lung cancer in Denmark a nationwide study. Eur Clin Respir J 2021; 8:1951963. [PMID: 34377377 PMCID: PMC8330737 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2021.1951963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but the additional economic burden regarding direct and indirect costs is largely unknown. This study provides information on the economic consequences of lung cancer on a national level. Methods: From the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) and the Danish Civil Registration System (CPR), 53,749 patients with lung cancer were identified and matched with 214,304 controls on age, gender, region of residence and marital status in the period 1998-2010. Direct and indirect costs, health care contacts and frequency, medication and social transfer payments were extracted from national databases. Results: Direct health care cost were higher for lung cancer patients than controls both before and after being diagnosed with lung cancer. At the year of diagnosis, health care cost peaked with cost of €21,497 compared to €2,880 for controls. Average difference in income from employment was €+3,118 in years prior to diagnosis and €+748 after diagnosis in favor of controls. Average difference in total public transfer income was €+1,288 before and €+441 after diagnosis, with higher public transfer income for lung cancer patients. Conclusion: For both genders, lung cancer was associated with significantly higher rates of health-related costs, medication costs, public transfer income, social transfer payments and significantly lower income from employment until retirement (age 65).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Gouliaev
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeyanthini Risikesan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Riis Rasmussen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Medicine, Little Belt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Løkke
- Department of Medicine, Little Belt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Cicin I, Oksuz E, Karadurmus N, Malhan S, Gumus M, Yilmaz U, Cansever L, Cinarka H, Cetinkaya E, Kiyik M, Ozet A. Economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey: a cost of illness study from payer perspective. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2021; 11:22. [PMID: 34173876 PMCID: PMC8233643 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-021-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from payer perspective based on expert panel opinion on practice patterns in clinical practice. METHODS In this cost of illness study, direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations/interventions, drug treatment, adverse events and metastasis. Indirect cost was calculated based on lost productivity due to early retirement, morbidity and premature death resulting from the illness, the value of lost productivity due to time spent by family caregivers and cost of formal caregivers. RESULTS Cost analysis revealed the total per patient annual direct medical cost for small cell lung cancer to be €8772), for non-small-cell lung cancer to be €10,167. Total annual direct medical cost was €497.9 million, total annual indirect medical cost was €1.1 billion and total economic burden of lung cancer was €1.6 billion. Hospitalization/interventions (41%) and indirect costs (68.6%) were the major cost drivers for total direct costs and the overall economic burden of lung cancer, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate per patient direct medical costs of small cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer to be substantial and comparable, indicating the substantial economic burden of lung cancer in terms of both direct and indirect costs. Our findings indicate that hospitalization/interventions cost item and indirect costs were the major cost drivers for total direct costs and the overall economic burden of lung cancer, respectively. Our findings emphasize the potential role of improved cancer prevention and early diagnosis strategies, by enabling cost savings related to drug treatment and metastasis management cost items, in sustainability of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Cicin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ergun Oksuz
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Baglica Kampusu 06770, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Simten Malhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Gumus
- Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulku Yilmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Ataturk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Cansever
- Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Health Application and Research Center, University Of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halit Cinarka
- Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Health Application and Research Center, University Of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdogan Cetinkaya
- Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Health Application and Research Center, University Of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kiyik
- Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Health Application and Research Center, University Of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozet
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Olivera MJ, Palencia-Sánchez F, Riaño-Casallas M. The Cost of Lost Productivity Due to Premature Chagas Disease-Related Mortality: Lessons from Colombia (2010-2017). Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010017. [PMID: 33513668 PMCID: PMC7838814 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Economic burden due to premature mortality has a negative impact not only in health systems but also in wider society. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential years of work lost (PYWL) and the productivity costs of premature mortality due to Chagas disease in Colombia from 2010 to 2017. Methods: National data on mortality (underlying cause of death) were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics in Colombia between 2010 and 2017, in which Chagas disease was mentioned on the death certificate as an underlying or associated cause of death. Chagas disease as a cause of death corresponded to category B57 (Chagas disease) including all subcategories (B57.0 to B57.5), according to the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The electronic database contains the number of deaths from all causes by sex and 5-year age group. Economic data, including wages, unemployment rates, labor force participation rates and gross domestic product, were derived from the Bank of the Republic of Colombia. The human capital approach was applied to estimate both the PYWL and present value of lifetime income lost due to premature deaths. A discount rate of 3% was applied and results are presented in 2017 US dollars (USD). Results: There were 1261 deaths in the study, of which, 60% occurred in males. Premature deaths from Chagas resulted in 48,621 PYWL and a cost of USD 29 million in the present value of lifetime income forgone. Conclusion: The productivity costs of premature mortality due to Chagas disease are significant. These results provide an economic measure of the Chagas burden which can help policy makers allocate resources to continue with early detection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Olivera
- Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, D.C., Colombia
- Programme in Health Economics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, D.C., Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-1-220-7700
| | - Francisco Palencia-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, D.C., Colombia;
| | - Martha Riaño-Casallas
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, D.C., Colombia;
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Darbà J, Marsà A. Evaluation of productivity losses due to premature mortality from colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244375. [PMID: 33362274 PMCID: PMC7757866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible annually for around 27% of all deaths in Spain, 15% of which are caused by colorectal cancer. This malignancy has increased its incidence considerably over the past years, which surely impacts global productivity losses. The evaluation of lost productivity due to premature mortality provides valuable information that guides healthcare policies into the establishment of prevention and screening programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the productivity losses from premature deaths due to colorectal cancer over a ten year period (2008–2017). The costs derived from premature mortality due to this highly prevalent cancer were estimated using data on mortality, age- and sex-specific reference salaries and unemployment rates in Spain via the human capital approach. Between 2008 and 2017, 15,103 persons died per year from colorectal cancer, representing almost 15% of all cancer-related deaths. Annually, 25,333 years of potential productive life were estimated to be lost on average, 14,992 in males and 10,341 in females. Productivity losses summed €510.8 million in in 2017, and the cancers of the colon and rectum accounted for 9.6% of cancer-related productivity losses in 2017 in Spain. Colorectal cancer has an important weight in terms of productivity losses within the Spanish population, consequently, prevention and early detection programmes should be promoted and implemented to achieve significant reductions in mortality and productivity losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Darbà
- Department of Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alicia Marsà
- Department of Health Economics, BCN Health Economics & Outcomes Research S.L., Barcelona, Spain
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Darbà J, Marsà A. Burden of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Spain over a 10-year period: productivity losses due to premature mortality. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 21:87-92. [PMID: 32450710 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2020.1769478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cancer is annually responsible for millions of deaths in Europe and billions of euros in productivity losses; the estimated mortality rate of lymphoma was of 7.07 per 100,000 individuals in Spain in 2018. This study aimed to evaluate the burden that lymphoma mortality represents for the Spanish society. Methods: The human capital approach was used to estimate the costs derived from premature mortality due to lymphoma between 2008 and 2017. Results: The number of deaths attributable to lymphoma increased steadily over the study period; the major number of deaths occurred among males aged 80 to 84 years. During the study period, 97,069 years of productive life were lost, a parameter that decreased noticeably over time due to the reduction in the number of deaths at working age. Productivity losses decreased accordingly. Lymphoma represented the 45.36% of losses due to hematological malignancies, generating €121 million in losses the year 2017. Hodgkin lymphoma was, among hematological malignancies, the malignancy accounting for the highest portion of losses per individual. Conclusions: Lymphoma represents a significant burden that can be reduced with the implementation of improved diagnosis and treatment methods, which must be taken into account in resource allocation and management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Darbà
- Department of Economics, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marsà
- Department of Health Economics, BCN Health Economics & Outcomes Research S.L. Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
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