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Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Dettin M, Zamuner A, Teresa Conconi M, Barozzi M, Giri P, Sundararajan R, Sieni E. Electroporation enhances cell death in 3D scaffold-based MDA-MB-231 cells treated with metformin. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108734. [PMID: 38762949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and hence, is therapeutically challenging. Towards this, we studied an alternate therapy by repurposing metformin (FDA-approved type-2 diabetic drug with anticancer properties) in a 3D-scaffold culture, with electrical pulses. 3D cell culture was used to simulate the tumor microenvironment more closely and MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells, treated with both 5 mM metformin (Met) and 8 electrical pulses at 2500 V/cm, 10 µs (EP1) and 800 V/cm, 100 µs (EP2) at 1 Hz were studied in 3D and 2D. They were characterized using cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glucose uptake, and lactate production assays at 24 h. Cell viability, as low as 20 % was obtained with EP1 + 5 mM Met. They exhibited 1.65-fold lower cell viability than 2D with EP1 + 5 mM Met. ROS levels indicated a 2-fold increase in oxidative stress for EP1 + 5 mM Met, while the glucose uptake was limited to only 9 %. No significant change in the lactate production indicated glycolytic arrest and a non-conducive environment for MDA-MB-231 growth. Our results indicate that 3D cell culture, with a more realistic tumor environment that enhances cell death using metformin and electrical pulses could be a promising approach for TNBC therapeutic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G Camarillo
- Deptartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Barozzi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Pragatheiswar Giri
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy.
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2
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Lv Z, Ali A, Wang N, Ren H, Liu L, Yan F, Shad M, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Co-targeting CDK 4/6 and C-MYC/STAT3/CCND1 axis and inhibition of tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in triple negative breast cancer by Pt(II) complexes bearing NH 3 as trans-co-ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112661. [PMID: 39018748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In search of potential anticancer agents, we synthesized SNO-donor salicylaldimine main ligand-based Pt(II) complexes bearing NH3 as co-ligand at trans-position (C1-C6). These complexes showed similarity in structure with transplatin as the two N donor atoms of the main ligand and NH3 co-ligand were coordinated to Pt in trans position to each other. Each complex with different substituents on the main ligand was characterized thoroughly by detailed spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. Four of these complexes were studied in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. The stability of reference complex C1 was measured in solution state in DMSO‑d6 or its mixture with D2O using 1H NMR methods. These complexes were further investigated for their anticancer activity in triple-negative-breast (TNBC) cells including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-436 cells. All these complexes showed satisfactory cytotoxic effect as revealed by the MTT results. Importantly, the highly active complex C4 anticancer effect was compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Functionally, C4 suppressed invasion, spheroids formation ability and clonogenic potential of cancer cells. C4 showed synergistic anticancer effect when used in combination with palbociclib, JQ1 and paclitaxel in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, C4 inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 pathway and targeted the expressions of MYC/STAT3/CCND1/CNNE1 axis. Furthermore, C4 suppressed the EMT signaling pathway that suggested a role of C4 in the inhibition of TNBC metastasis. Our findings may pave further in detailed mechanistic study on these complexes as potential chemotherapeutic agents in different types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Ren
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Fufu Yan
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Shad
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
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Liu R, Hou W, Li J, Gou X, Gao M, Wang H, Zhang Y, Deng H, Yang X, Zhang W. Co-assembly of cisplatin and dasatinib in hyaluronan nanogel to combat triple negative breast cancer with reduced side effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132074. [PMID: 38705320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Treatment for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a huge challenge due to the lack of targeted therapeutics and tumor heterogenicity. Cisplatin (Cis) have demonstrated favorable therapeutic response in TNBC and thus is used together with various kinase inhibitors to fight the heterogenicity of TNBC. The combination of Cis with SRC inhibitor dasatinib (DAS) has shown encouraging anti-TNBC efficacy although the additive toxicity was commonly observed. To overcome the severe side effects of this Cis involved therapy, here we co-encapsulated Cis and DAS into a self-assembled hyaluronan (HA) nanogel (designated as HA/Cis/DAS (HCD) nanogel) to afford the TNBC targeted delivery by using the 4T1 mouse model. The acquired HCD nanogel was around 181 nm in aqueous solution, demonstrating the pharmacological activities of both Cis and DAS. Taking advantages of HA's targeting capability towards CD44 that is overexpressed on many TNBC cells, the HCD could well maintain the anticancer efficacy of the Cis and DAS combination, significantly increase the maximum tolerated dose and relieve the renal toxicity in vivo. The current HCD nanogel provides a potent strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome of Cis and DAS combination and thus representing a new targeted treatment option for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Menghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Hong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China.
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Wood SJ, Gao Y, Lee JH, Chen J, Wang Q, Meisel JL, Li X. High tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are significantly associated with pathological complete response in triple negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant KEYNOTE-522 chemoimmunotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:193-199. [PMID: 38286889 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For patients with locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the standard of care is to administer the KEYNOTE-522 (K522) regimen, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) given in the neoadjuvant setting. Pathological complete response (pCR) is more likely in patients who receive the K522 regimen than in patients who receive standard chemotherapy. Studies have shown that pCR is a strong predictor of long-term disease-free survival. However, factors predicting pCR to K522 are not well understood and require further study in real-world populations. METHODS We evaluated 76 patients who were treated with the K522 regimen at our institution. Twenty-nine pre-treatment biopsy slides were available for pathology review. Nuclear grade, Nottingham histologic grade, Ki-67, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were evaluated in these 29 cases. For the cases that did not have available slides for review from pre-treatment biopsies, these variables were retrieved from available pathology reports. In addition, clinical staging, race, and BMI at the time of biopsy were retrieved from all 76 patients' charts. Binary logistic regression models were used to correlate these variables with pCR. RESULTS At the current time, 64 of 76 patients have undergone surgery at our institution following completion of K522 and 31 (48.4%) of these achieved pCR. In univariate analysis, only TIL was significantly associated with pCR (p = 0.014) and this finding was also confirmed in multivariate analysis, whereas other variables including age, race, nuclear grade, Nottingham grade, Ki-67, lymphovascular invasion, BMI, pre-treatment tumor size, and lymph node status were not associated with pCR (p > 0.1). CONCLUSION Our real-world data demonstrates high TIL is significantly associated with pCR rate in the K522 regimen and may potentially serve as a biomarker to select optimal treatment. The pCR rate of 48.4% in our study is lower than that reported in K522, potentially due to the smaller size of our study; however, this may also indicate differences between real-world data and clinical trial results. Larger studies are warranted to further investigate the role of immune cells in TNBC response to K522 and other treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Wood
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Chen
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jane L Meisel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Mv C, Agarwala V, Choudhary N, Sharma A, Roy M, Mandal K, Basu M, Sen N, Sarkar PK, Kumar S. Unlocking the Potential of Rucaparib: A Case Series on Its Impact in Metastatic Breast Cancer With Mutations. Cureus 2024; 16:e60963. [PMID: 38910707 PMCID: PMC11193870 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer poses distinct challenges because it lacks hormone receptors and does not have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. Mutations in BRCA1/2 genes are associated with homologous recombination deficiency tumors, rendering them susceptible to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Notably, germline BRCA1/2 mutations are linked to distinct clinical features, including an increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and a younger age of onset. PARP inhibitors such as olaparib and talazoparib have demonstrated efficacy in patients with BRCA mutations, leading to FDA approvals for ovarian and breast cancers. However, there remains limited data on PARP inhibitor response rates in patients with somatic BRCA mutations. This case series demonstrates the use of rucaparib in metastatic breast cancer patients harboring both germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations, discussing the advancing landscape of targeted therapies in breast cancer management. In the first case, despite undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy followed by hormonal therapy, disease progression ensued. However, transitioning to rucaparib yielded a remarkable complete response lasting over two years, highlighting its efficacy in this clinical setting. Similarly, in the second case, rucaparib demonstrated effectiveness as a maintenance therapy subsequent to achieving a near-complete response to taxane and platinum-based treatment. These findings emphasize the promising role of rucaparib in managing metastatic breast cancer in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, further contributing to the expanding armamentarium of targeted therapies in breast cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Mv
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Vivek Agarwala
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Amit Sharma
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Minakshi Roy
- Medical Oncology, Rabindranath Tagore Hospital, Kolkata, IND
| | - Kaustav Mandal
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Moinak Basu
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hoapital, Howrah, IND
| | - Nibedita Sen
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Pritam K Sarkar
- Radiotherapy, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
| | - Subhabrata Kumar
- Medical Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah, IND
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Bahrin NWS, Matusin SNI, Mustapa A, Huat LZ, Perera S, Hamid MRWHA. Exploring the effectiveness of molecular subtypes, biomarkers, and genetic variations as first-line treatment predictors in Asian breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:100. [PMID: 38576013 PMCID: PMC10993489 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer incidence has been on the rise significantly in the Asian population, occurring at an earlier age and a later stage. The potential predictive value of molecular subtypes, biomarkers, and genetic variations has not been deeply explored in the Asian population. This study evaluated the effect of molecular subtype classification and the presence or absence of biomarkers and genetic variations on pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant treatment in Asian breast cancer patients. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies were selected if they included Asian breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and contained data for qualitative or quantitative analyses. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Following the random effects model, pooled odds ratios or hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for pCR were analysed using Review Manager Software. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q-test and I2 test statistics. RESULTS In total, 19,708 Asian breast cancer patients were pooled from 101 studies. In the neoadjuvant setting, taxane-anthracycline (TA) chemotherapy showed better pCR outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p<0.0001) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enriched (HER2E) (p<0.0001) than luminal breast cancer patients. Similarly, taxane-platinum (TP) chemotherapy also showed better pCR outcomes in TNBC (p<0.0001) and HER2E (p<0.0001). Oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, HER2-positive and high Ki-67 were significantly associated with better pCR outcomes when treated with either TA or TP. Asian breast cancer patients harbouring wildtype PIK3CA were significantly associated with better pCR outcomes when treated with TA in the neoadjuvant setting (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the neoadjuvant setting, molecular subtypes (HER2E and TNBC), biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, HR, Ki-67, nm23-H1, CK5/6, and Tau), and gene (PIK3CA) are associated with increased pCR rates in Asian breast cancer patients. Hence, they could be further explored for their possible role in first-line treatment response, which can be utilised to treat breast cancer more efficiently in the Asian population. However, it needs to be further validated with additional powered studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021246295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Wafiqah Saipol Bahrin
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB) Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Siti Nur Idayu Matusin
- Halalan Thayyiban Research Centre, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Jalan Tutong, Sinaut, TB1741, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Aklimah Mustapa
- Halalan Thayyiban Research Centre, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Jalan Tutong, Sinaut, TB1741, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lu Zen Huat
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB) Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sriyani Perera
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mas Rina Wati Haji Abdul Hamid
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB) Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam.
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Han G, Bai X, Li F, Huang L, Hao Y, Li W, Bu P, Zhang H, Liu X, Xie J. Long non-coding RNA HANR modulates the glucose metabolism of triple negative breast cancer via stabilizing hexokinase 2. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23827. [PMID: 38192790 PMCID: PMC10772629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated the oncogenic roles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated long non-coding RNA (HANR) in the development of HCC and lung cancer; however, the involvement of HANR in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains largely unknown. Our results demonstrated the significant overexpression of HANR in TNBC tissues and cells. Higher HANR levels significantly correlated with the poorer phenotypes in patients with TNBC. HANR down-regulation inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle progression and increased the apoptosis of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry revealed hexokinase II (HK2) as a direct binding target of HANR. HANR binds to and stabilizes HK2 through the proteasomal pathway. Consistent with the important role of HK2 in cancer cells, HANR depletion represses the glucose absorbance and lactate secretion, thus reprogramming the metabolism of TNBC cells. An in vivo xenograft model also demonstrated that HANR promoted tumor growth and aerobic glycolysis. This study reveals the role of HANR in modulating the glycolysis in TNBC cells by regulating HK2 stability, suggesting that HANR is a potential drug target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangdong Bai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yating Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of radiotherapy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Bu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huanhu Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Zhang C, Zhu J, Yuan X, Yan Z, Ye H, Xiong T, Xu A, Li C, Ji D, Yang S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wu J, Huang Z. Development of Integrated Bioorthogonal Self-Catalyzed NO Donor/Platinum(IV) Prodrugs for Synergistical Intervention against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:479-491. [PMID: 38110353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The platinum(IV) prodrug strategy is attractive for the synergistic antitumor effect. High levels (>400 nM) of nitric oxide (NO) exert promising cancer inhibition effects via multiple mechanisms. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new group of integrated bioorthogonal self-catalyzed NO donor/Pt(IV) prodrugs bearing long alkyl chains to enhance the stability in circulation, while the cytoplasmic reductants trigger cascade activation to release Pt and NO in tumor cells. Specifically, compound 10c exhibited an improved stability, favorable pharmacokinetic properties (AUC(0-t) of 2210.10 h*ng/mL), potent anti-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) effects (71.08% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) against the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model), potent in vivo anti-TNBC lung metastasis activity, and acceptable low toxicity. Importantly, NO released from 10c leads to the S-nitrosation of metal transporters Atox1&ATP7a in TNBC cells, which increases the Pt retention and inhibits lysyl oxidase, generating synergistic tumoricidal and antimetastatic activity. These results may inspire further study on the synergistical therapy of Pt and NO for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Zhengsheng Yan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ye
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Anning Xu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Cunrui Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Duorui Ji
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Shan Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Active Components of Xinjiang Natural Medicine and Drug Release Technology, Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
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Panthi B, Mohamed RM, Adrada BE, Boge M, Candelaria RP, Chen H, Hunt KK, Huo L, Hwang KP, Korkut A, Lane DL, Le-Petross HC, Leung JWT, Litton JK, Pashapoor S, Perez F, Son JB, Sun J, Thompson A, Tripathy D, Valero V, Wei P, White J, Xu Z, Yang W, Zhou Z, Yam C, Rauch GM, Ma J. Longitudinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI radiomic models for early prediction of response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1264259. [PMID: 37941561 PMCID: PMC10628525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1264259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early prediction of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) response for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients could help oncologists select individualized treatment and avoid toxic effects associated with ineffective therapy in patients unlikely to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR). The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of radiomic features of the peritumoral and tumoral regions from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) acquired at different time points of NAST for early treatment response prediction in TNBC. This study included 163 Stage I-III patients with TNBC undergoing NAST as part of a prospective clinical trial (NCT02276443). Peritumoral and tumoral regions of interest were segmented on DCE images at baseline (BL) and after two (C2) and four (C4) cycles of NAST. Ten first-order (FO) radiomic features and 300 gray-level-co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features were calculated. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to determine the most predictive features. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for performance assessment. Pearson correlation was used to assess intrareader and interreader variability. Seventy-eight patients (48%) had pCR (52 training, 26 testing), and 85 (52%) had non-pCR (57 training, 28 testing). Forty-six radiomic features had AUC at least 0.70, and 13 multivariate models had AUC at least 0.75 for training and testing sets. The Pearson correlation showed significant correlation between readers. In conclusion, Radiomic features from DCE-MRI are useful for differentiating pCR and non-pCR. Similarly, predictive radiomic models based on these features can improve early noninvasive treatment response prediction in TNBC patients undergoing NAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Panthi
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rania M. Mohamed
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Beatriz E. Adrada
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Medine Boge
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rosalind P. Candelaria
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ken-Pin Hwang
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deanna L. Lane
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huong C. Le-Petross
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica W. T. Leung
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanaz Pashapoor
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frances Perez
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jong Bum Son
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gaiane M. Rauch
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jingfei Ma
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Zhao F, Shen G, Dong Q, Xin Y, Huo X, Wang M, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Ren D, Xie Q, Liu Z, Li Z, Gao L, Du F, Zhao J. Impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on the prognosis of early triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2025-2040. [PMID: 36422737 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although platinum-based chemotherapy can improve pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the impact on survival of platinum-based neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy is still controversial. Our meta-analysis aimed at analyzing survival with platinum-based neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with TNBC. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane databases, and several major conferences up to January 2021. Fixed and random models were used for our meta-analysis. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and side effects data were extracted from the included literature in addition to the corresponding pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of nine studies involving 3247 patients were included. The pooled analysis suggested that compared with anthracycline- and/or paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy could further improve DFS (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.45-0.67, p < 0.01) and OS (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.70, p < 0.01) in patients with TNBC. The subgroup analysis showed that platinum-based chemotherapy could further improve DFS (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.43-0.74, p < 0.01) and OS (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.83, p < 0.01) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy and DFS (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.69, p < 0.01) and OS (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.69, p < 0.01) in adjuvant chemotherapy compared with anthracycline- and/or paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with TNBC. In addition, compared with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy without anthracycline chemotherapy could further improve DFS (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.70, p < 0.01) and OS (HR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.19-0.72, p < 0.01) in patients with TNBC. Compared with anthracycline- and/or paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, all-grade diarrhea, fatigue, and grade ≥ 3 anemia were higher in platinum-based chemotherapy. In contrast, all-grade anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, myalgia/arthralgia, cardiac toxicity were lower in platinum-based chemotherapy; grade ≥ 3 leukopenia, neutropenia and myalgia/arthralgia were also lower. Compared with anthracycline- and/or paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy was more associated with improved DFS and OS in TNBC patients. The benefit of survival is consistent with platinum-based neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy are tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Qiuxia Dong
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, The First Ward of Oncology, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Yuanfang Xin
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Xingfa Huo
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Zitao Li
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), The VIPII Gastrointestinal Cancer Division of Medical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
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11
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Mason SR, Willson ML, Egger SJ, Beith J, Dear RF, Goodwin A. Platinum-based chemotherapy for early triple-negative breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 9:CD014805. [PMID: 37681577 PMCID: PMC10486188 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014805.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with shorter survival and a higher likelihood of the cancer returning. In early TNBC, platinum-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve pathological complete response (pCR); however, its effect on long-term survival outcomes has not been fully elucidated and recommendations to include platinum chemotherapy are not consistent in international guidelines. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of platinum-based chemotherapy as adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment in people with early triple-negative breast cancer. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was 4 April 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials examining neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum chemotherapy for early TNBC. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Our secondary outcomes were pCR, treatment adherence, grade III or IV toxicity related to chemotherapy, and quality of life. Prespecified subgroups included BRCA mutation status, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status, frequency of chemotherapy, type of platinum agent used, and the presence or absence of anthracycline chemotherapy. We assessed risk of bias using Cochrane's RoB 1 tool and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS From 3972 records, we included 20 published studies involving 21 treatment comparisons, and 25 ongoing studies. For most domains, risk of bias was low across studies. There were 16 neoadjuvant chemotherapy studies (one of which combined neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy) and four adjuvant chemotherapy trials. Most studies used carboplatin (17 studies) followed by cisplatin (two), and lobaplatin (one). Eight studies had an anthracycline-free intervention arm, five of which had a carboplatin-taxane intervention compared to an anthracycline-taxane control. All studies reporting DFS and OS used carboplatin. Inclusion of platinum chemotherapy improved DFS in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings (neoadjuvant: hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.75; 7 studies, 8 treatment comparisons, 1966 participants; high-certainty evidence; adjuvant: HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.88; 4 studies, 1256 participants; high-certainty evidence). Platinum chemotherapy in the regimen improved OS (neoadjuvant: HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.86; 7 studies, 8 treatment comparisons, 1973 participants; high-certainty evidence; adjuvant: 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.96; 4 studies, 1256 participants; high-certainty evidence). Median follow-up for survival outcomes ranged from 36 to 97.6 months. Our analysis confirmed platinum chemotherapy increased pCR rates (risk ratio (RR) 1.44, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.59; 15 studies, 16 treatment comparisons, 3083 participants; high-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses showed no evidence of differences in DFS according to BRCA mutation status, HRD status, lymph node status, or whether the intervention arm contained anthracycline chemotherapy or not. Platinum chemotherapy was associated with reduced dose intensity, with participants more likely to require chemotherapy delays (RR 2.23, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.94; 4 studies, 5 treatment comparisons, 1053 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), dose reductions (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.02; 7 studies, 8 treatment comparisons, 2055 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and early cessation of treatment (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38; 16 studies, 17 treatment comparisons, 4178 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Increased haematological toxicity occurred in the platinum group who were more likely to experience grade III/IV neutropenia (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.63; 19 studies, 20 treatment comparisons, 4849 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), anaemia (RR 8.20, 95% CI 5.66 to 11.89; 18 studies, 19 treatment comparisons, 4757 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and thrombocytopenia (RR 7.59, 95% CI 5.10 to 11.29; 18 studies, 19 treatment comparisons, 4731 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference between chemotherapy groups in febrile neutropenia (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.49; 11 studies, 3771 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Renal impairment was very rare (0.4%, 2 events in 463 participants; note 3 studies reported 0 events in both arms; 4 studies; high-certainty evidence). Treatment-related death was very rare (0.2%, 7 events in 3176 participants and similar across treatment groups; RR 0.58, 95% 0.14 to 2.33; 10 studies, 11 treatment comparisons; note 8 studies reported treatment-related deaths but recorded 0 events in both groups. Thus, the RR and CIs were calculated from 3 studies rather than 11; 3176 participants; high-certainty evidence). Five studies collected quality of life data but did not report them. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Platinum-based chemotherapy using carboplatin in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting improves long-term outcomes of DFS and OS in early TNBC, with no evidence of differences by subgroup. This was at the cost of more frequent chemotherapy delays and dose reductions, and greater haematological toxicity, though serious adverse events including neuropathy, febrile neutropenia or treatment-related death were not increased. These findings support the use of platinum-based chemotherapy for people with early TNBC. The optimal dose and regimen are not defined by this analysis, but there is a suggestion that similar relative benefits result from the addition of carboplatin to either anthracycline-free regimens or those containing anthracycline agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Re Mason
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Melina L Willson
- Evidence Integration, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sam J Egger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jane Beith
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rachel F Dear
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Annabel Goodwin
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia
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12
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Egelston CA, Guo W, Yost SE, Ge X, Lee JS, Frankel PH, Cui Y, Ruel C, Schmolze D, Murga M, Tang A, Martinez N, Karimi M, Somlo G, Lee PP, Waisman JR, Yuan Y. Immunogenicity and efficacy of pembrolizumab and doxorubicin in a phase I trial for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3013-3027. [PMID: 37294342 PMCID: PMC10412661 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is a limited understanding for the optimal combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Here we evaluate the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a phase I trial for patients with mTNBC treated with pembrolizumab plus doxorubicin. Patients without prior anthracycline use and 0-2 lines of prior systemic chemotherapies received pembrolizumab and doxorubicin every 3 weeks for 6 cycles followed by pembrolizumab maintenance until disease progression or intolerance. The primary objectives were safety and objective response rate per RECIST 1.1. Best responses included one complete response (CR), five partial responses (PR), two stable disease (SD), and one progression of disease (PD). Overall response rate was 67% (95% CI 13.7%, 78.8%) and clinical benefit rate at 6 months was 56% (95% CI 21.2%, 86.3%). Median PFS was 5.2 months (95% CI 4.7, NA); median OS was 15.6 months (95% CI 13.3, NA). Grade 3-4 AEs per CTCAE 4.0 were neutropenia n = 4/10 (40%), leukopenia n = 2/10 (20%), lymphopenia n = 2/10 (20%), fatigue n = 2/10 (20%), and oral mucositis n = 1/10 (10%). Immune correlates showed increased frequencies of circulating CD3 + T cells (p = 0.03) from pre-treatment to cycle 2 day 1 (C2D1). An expansion of a proliferative exhausted-like PD-1 + CD8 + T cell population was identified in 8/9 patients, and exhausted CD8 + T cells were significantly expanded from pre-treatment to C2D1 in the patient with CR (p = 0.01). In summary, anthracycline-naïve patients with mTNBC treated with the combination of pembrolizumab and doxorubicin showed an encouraging response rate and robust T cell response dynamics.Trial registration: NCT02648477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colt A Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul H Frankel
- Department of Statistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yujie Cui
- Department of Statistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Ruel
- Department of Statistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mireya Murga
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aileen Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Norma Martinez
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Misagh Karimi
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James R Waisman
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vincente Blvd. 7th Floor Los, Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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13
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Kuthethur R, Jerome MS, Subbannayya Y, Chakrabarty S. An integrated analysis of microRNAs regulating DNA damage response in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:832-844. [PMID: 37344703 PMCID: PMC10404216 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a clinical challenge due to its aggressive phenotype and limited treatment options for the patients. Many TNBC patients show an inherent defect in the DNA repair capacity primarily by acquiring germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes leading to Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD). Epigenetic modifications such as BRCA1 promoter methylation and miRNA expression targeting DNA repair pathway genes have contributed to the HRD phenotype in TNBC. Hence, we aimed to identify microRNAs that are associated with HRD status in the TCGA-BRCA project. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implemented a miRNA prediction strategy for identifying miRNAs targeting HR pathway genes using an in silico predicted and experimentally validated list from published literature for their association with genomic instability and factors affecting HRD. In silico analysis was performed to study miRNA expression patterns regulated by DNA methylation and TMB status in the TNBC patients from TCGA-BRCA project. Finally, we analysed selected miRNA expression with immune cell infiltration pattern in the TNBC patient cohort. RESULTS Our study identified miRNAs associated with HRD, tumour mutation burden (TMB), and immune cell infiltration. Identified miRNA signatures were associated with the miR-17 ~ 92 cluster, miR-106b ~ 25 cluster, and miR-200b ~ 429 cluster. Pathway analysis of selected miRNAs suggested their association with altered immune cell infiltration in TNBC. CONCLUSION Our study identified 6 'HRD associated miRNAs' such as miR-106b, miR-93, miR-17, miR-20a, miR-200b, and miR-429 as novel miRNA-based signatures associated with HR deficiency in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprasad Kuthethur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Maria Sona Jerome
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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14
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Obidiro O, Battogtokh G, Akala EO. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Options and Limitations: Future Outlook. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1796. [PMID: 37513983 PMCID: PMC10384267 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a negative expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2). The survival rate for TNBC is generally worse than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC treatment has made significant advances, but certain limitations remain. Treatment for TNBC can be challenging since the disease has various molecular subtypes. A variety of treatment options are available, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy is the most common of these options. TNBC is generally treated with systemic chemotherapy using drugs such as anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings. Developing resistance to anticancer drugs and off-target toxicity are the primary hindrances to chemotherapeutic solutions for cancer. It is imperative that researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies work together to develop effective treatment options for TNBC. Several studies have suggested nanotechnology as a potential solution to the problem of suboptimal TNBC treatment. In this review, we summarized possible treatment options for TNBC, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, combination therapy, and nanoparticle-based therapy, and some solutions for the treatment of TNBC in the future. Moreover, we gave general information about TNBC in terms of its characteristics and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel O. Akala
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (O.O.); (G.B.)
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15
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Ergun Y, Akagunduz B, Karacin C, Turker S, Ucar G. The Effect of HER2-Low Status on Pathological Complete Response and Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2023:S1526-8209(23)00137-4. [PMID: 37336652 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis conducted a comprehensive analysis of research investigating the correlation between HER2 expression levels and treatment outcomes in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. We systematically searched major databases for studies published up to January 01, 2023. The data from various studies examined the relationship between HER2-zero and HER2-low tumors in terms of pathological complete response (pCR) rates, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) outcomes. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by the number of events were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method to analyze pCR. The hazard ratio and 95% CI were calculated using the inverse variance method for DFS and OS. In all comparisons, I2 was 0% and no heterogeneity was detected. A total of 12 retrospective studies involving 4094 patients were included. Thirty-six percent of the patients were in the HER2-low group. All 12 studies were included in the pooled analysis for pCR, and there was no difference between HER2-zero and HER2-low (40% vs. 38%, respectively; pooled OR:1.01 95% CI 0.88-1.16; I2: 0%). Four studies were included in the pooled analysis for DFS and 3 in the OS analysis. DFS and OS were significantly better in the HER2-low group (pooled hazard ratio: 0.67 for DFS, 0.64 for OS). There was no difference between HER2-low and HER2-zero in terms of pCR in early-stage TNBC. However, HER2-low was found to be associated with prolonged DFS and OS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023391002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Ergun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Batman World Hospital, Batman, Turkey.
| | - Baran Akagunduz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Binali Yıldırım University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Karacin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Turker
- Department of Medical Oncology, VM Medical Park Maltepe Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Ucar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Cao Y, Shen Q, Ding M, Chen Y, Lu W, Zhu S. Development of HSP90 inhibitors-SN38 conjugates for cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106582. [PMID: 37156134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Presently, chemotherapy remains to be one of the most important therapeutic approaches for malignant tumors. Ligands based drug conjugates are showing considerable promise as potential therapeutic agents delivery systems for cancer. Here, a series of HSP90 inhibitors-SN38 conjugates were developed through cleavable linkers for tumor-specific delivery of SN38 and reducing its side effects. In vitro assays showed that these conjugates exhibited acceptable stability in PBS and plasma, appreciable HSP90 binding affinity, and potent cytotoxic abilities. Cellular uptake behaviors also indicated that these conjugates could selectively target cancer cells in a time-dependent manner via HSP90. Among them, compound 10b with a glycine linkage exhibits appreciable in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles, and excellent in vivo antitumor activity in Capan-1 xenograft models, demonstrating the selective targeting and accumulation of the active payload at tumor sites. Above all, these results suggest that compound 10b has the potential as a potent anticancer drug, meriting further evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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17
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Vojtek M, Martins CB, Ramos R, Duarte SG, Ferreira IMPLVO, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Marques MPM, Diniz C. Pd(II) and Pt(II) Trinuclear Chelates with Spermidine: Selective Anticancer Activity towards TNBC-Sensitive and -Resistant to Cisplatin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041205. [PMID: 37111690 PMCID: PMC10145437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer and constitutes 10-20% of all breast cancer cases. Even though platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are effective in TNBC patients, their toxicity and development of cancer drug resistance often hamper their clinical use. Hence, novel drug entities with improved tolerability and selectivity profiles, as well as the ability to surpass resistance, are needed. The current study focuses on Pd(II) and Pt(II) trinuclear chelates with spermidine (Pd3Spd2 and Pt3Spd2) for evaluating their antineoplastic activity having been assessed towards (i) cisplatin-resistant TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231/R), (ii) cisplatin-sensitive TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231) and (iii) non-cancerous human breast cells (MCF-12A, to assess the cancer selectivity/selectivity index). Additionally, the complexes' ability to overcome acquired resistance (resistance index) was determined. This study revealed that Pd3Spd2 activity greatly exceeds that displayed by its Pt analog. In addition, Pd3Spd2 evidenced a similar antiproliferative activity in both sensitive and resistant TNBC cells (IC50 values 4.65-8.99 µM and 9.24-13.34 µM, respectively), with a resistance index lower than 2.3. Moreover, this Pd compound showed a promising selectivity index ratio: >6.28 for MDA-MB-231 cells and >4.59 for MDA-MB-231/R cells. Altogether, the data presently gathered reveal Pd3Spd2 as a new, promising metal-based anticancer agent, which should be further explored for the treatment of TNBC and its cisplatin-resistant forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara B Martins
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R & D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Gomes Duarte
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L M Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R & D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Paula M Marques
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R & D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Lobefaro R, Mariani L, Peverelli G, Ligorio F, Fucà G, Rametta A, Zattarin E, Leporati R, Presti D, Cantarelli B, Depretto C, Vingiani A, Manoukian S, Scaperrotta G, Bianchi GV, Capri G, Pruneri G, de Braud F, Vernieri C. Efficacy and Safety of First-line Carboplatin-paclitaxel and Carboplatin-gemcitabine in Patients With Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Monocentric, Retrospective Comparison. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:e151-e162. [PMID: 36599769 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based chemotherapy is widely used in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the most effective platinum-based combination in the first-line treatment setting remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the efficacy of first-line carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP) or carboplatin-gemcitabine (CG) combinations in advanced TNBC patients treated between April 2007 and April 2021. CP and CG were compared in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Multivariable Cox Models were used to adjust the efficacy of CP versus CG for clinically relevant covariates. RESULTS Of 88 consecutive advanced TNBC patients receiving first-line carboplatin-based doublets, 56 (63.6%) received CP and 32 (36.4%) CG. After adjusting for clinically relevant variables, patients receiving CG had significantly better PFS when compared to CP-treated patients (HR: 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.87), P value 0.014). Of note, CG was associated with better PFS only among patients previously treated with taxanes in the (neo)adjuvant setting (HR: 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.75), but not in patients not exposed to taxanes (HR: 1.20; 95% CI, 0.37-3.88). CG was also independently associated with better OS when compared to CP (HR: 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15-0.64), P value 0.002). Overall, grade 3-4 AEs were more common in patients treated with CG than in patients treated with CP (68.8% vs. 21.4%, P value .009). CONCLUSION CG and CP are effective and well tolerated first-line platinum doublets in advanced TNBC patients. CG could be more effective than CP in patients previous exposed to taxanes despite worse toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Lobefaro
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Peverelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rametta
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Zattarin
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Leporati
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Presti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Depretto
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia V Bianchi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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19
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W DeClue R, Fisher MD, Gooden K, Walker MS, Le TK. Real-world outcomes in metastatic HR+/HER2-, HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer after start of first-line therapy. Future Oncol 2023; 19:909-923. [PMID: 37191097 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated outcomes of first-line (1L) treatment of metastatic breast cancer by biomarker subtype in the community setting over the last decade. Methods: Eligible patients (n = 1518) were female, ≥18 years, diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer 2010 or later, had documented HR+/HER2-, HER2+, or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC); and initiated 1L therapy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods were used to evaluate 1L real-world progression-free survival and overall survival from start of 1L. Results: TNBC was diagnosed at an earlier stage and had higher tumor grade at initial diagnosis. 1L real-world progression-free survival and overall survival from start of 1L were shorter for TNBC than HR+/HER2- or HER2+. Conclusion: Overall prognosis for patients with metastatic TNBC remains poor, and new therapies are needed to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxine D Fisher
- ConcertAI, 1120 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kyna Gooden
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Mark S Walker
- ConcertAI, 1120 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trong Kim Le
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
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20
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Ferraro MG, Bocchetti M, Riccardi C, Trifuoggi M, Paduano L, Montesarchio D, Misso G, Santamaria R, Piccolo M, Irace C. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Preclinical Therapeutic Management by a Cationic Ruthenium-Based Nucleolipid Nanosystem. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076473. [PMID: 37047448 PMCID: PMC10094725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on compelling preclinical evidence concerning the progress of our novel ruthenium-based metallotherapeutics, we are focusing research efforts on challenging indications for the treatment of invasive neoplasms such as the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This malignancy mainly afflicts younger women, who are black, or who have a BRCA1 mutation. Because of faster growing and spreading, TNBC differs from other invasive breast cancers having fewer treatment options and worse prognosis, where existing therapies are mostly ineffective, resulting in a large unmet biomedical need. In this context, we benefited from an experimental model of TNBC both in vitro and in vivo to explore the effects of a biocompatible cationic liposomal nanoformulation, named HoThyRu/DOTAP, able to effectively deliver the antiproliferative ruthenium(III) complex AziRu, thus resulting in a prospective candidate drug. As part of the multitargeting mechanisms featuring metal-based therapeutics other than platinum-containing agents, we herein validate the potential of HoThyRu/DOTAP liposomes to act as a multimodal anticancer agent through inhibition of TNBC cell growth and proliferation, as well as migration and invasion. The here-obtained preclinical findings suggest a potential targeting of the complex pathways network controlling invasive and migratory cancer phenotypes. Overall, in the field of alternative chemotherapy to platinum-based drugs, these outcomes suggest prospective brand-new settings for the nanostructured AziRu complex to get promising goals for the treatment of metastatic TNBC.
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21
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(Stămat) LRB, Dinescu S, Costache M. Regulation of Inflammasome by microRNAs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: New Opportunities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043245. [PMID: 36834660 PMCID: PMC9963301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, researchers have investigated the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in order to identify specific biomarkers that could serve as feasible targets for innovative therapeutic strategies development. TNBC is characterized by a dynamic and aggressive nature, due to the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. TNBC progression is associated with the dysregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, followed by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase-1 dependent cell death, termed pyroptosis. The heterogeneity of the breast tumor microenvironment triggers the interest of non-coding RNAs' involvement in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, TNBC progression and metastasis. Non-coding RNAs are paramount regulators of carcinogenesis and inflammasome pathways, which could help in the development of efficient treatments. This review aims to highlight the contribution of non-coding RNAs that support inflammasome activation and TNBC progression, pointing up their potential for clinical applications as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Zarkavelis G, Amylidi AL, Verbaanderd C, Cherny NI, Metaxas Y, de Vries EGE, Zygoura P, Amaral T, Jordan K, Strijbos M, Dafni U, Latino N, Galotti M, Lordick F, Giuliani R, Pignatti F, Pentheroudakis G. Off-label despite high-level evidence: a clinical practice review of commonly used off-patent cancer medicines. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100604. [PMID: 36870739 PMCID: PMC10024100 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Off-label use of medicines is generally discouraged. However, several off-patent, low-cost cancer medicines remain off-label for indications in which they are commonly used in daily practice, supported by high-level evidence based on results of phase III clinical trials. This discrepancy may generate prescription and reimbursement obstacles as well as impaired access to established therapies. METHODS A list of cancer medicines that remain off-label in specific indications despite the presence of high-level evidence was generated and subjected to European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) expert peer review to assess for accountability of reasonableness. These medicines were then surveyed on approval procedures and workflow impact. The most illustrative examples of these medicines were reviewed by experts from the European Medicines Agency to ascertain the apparent robustness of the supporting phase III trial evidence from a regulatory perspective. RESULTS A total of 47 ESMO experts reviewed 17 cancer medicines commonly used off-label in six disease groups. Overall, high levels of agreement were recorded on the off-label status and the high quality of data supporting the efficacy in the off-label indications, often achieving high ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) scores. When prescribing these medicines, 51% of the reviewers had to implement a time-consuming process associated with additional workload, in the presence of litigation risks and patient anxiety. Finally, the informal regulatory expert review identified only 2 out of 18 (11%) studies with significant limitations that would be difficult to overcome in the context of a potential marketing authorisation application without additional studies. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the common use of off-patent essential cancer medicines in indications that remain off-label despite solid supporting data as well as generate evidence on the adverse impact on patient access and clinic workflows. In the current regulatory framework, incentives to promote the extension of indications of off-patent cancer medicines are needed for all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zarkavelis
- University of Ioannina-Department of Medical Oncology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A L Amylidi
- University of Ioannina-Department of Medical Oncology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C Verbaanderd
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N I Cherny
- Cancer Pain and Palliative Medicine Service, Department of Medical Oncology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Metaxas
- Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - E G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Zygoura
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - T Amaral
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - K Jordan
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Strijbos
- GZA Ziekenhuizen Campus Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - U Dafni
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Latino
- ESMO Head Office, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Galotti
- ESMO Head Office, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - F Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Giuliani
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Pignatti
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Chung WP, Yang CT, Yang SR, Su CY, Su HW, Liu SY, Ou HT. Real-life analysis of neoadjuvant-therapy-associated benefits for pathological complete response and survival in early breast cancer patients - role of trastuzumab in HER2+ BC and platinum in TNBC. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1022994. [PMID: 36761415 PMCID: PMC9902925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant therapy, which aims to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) for better overall survival (OS) has several advantages for patients with early breast cancer (eBC) and subtypes of HER2-positive (HER2+) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, there has been no large-scale real-world investigation on the clinical outcomes associated with trastuzumab-based and platinum-based neoadjuvant treatments for patients with HER2+ and TNBC, respectively. Material and methods Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Research Database were utilized in this study. Patients diagnosed with clinically lymph-node-positive (LN+) HER2+ or TNBC were identified for analysis. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of achieving pCR and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of overall survival associated with treatment agents, respectively. Results A total of 1,178 HER2+ eBC and 354 early TNBC patients were identified, respectively. Neoadjuvant trastuzumab significantly increased the pCR rates by 3.87-fold among HER2+ patients. Trastuzumab-associated survival benefit was found in HER2+ patients who achieved pCR (aHR [95% CI]: 0.30 [0.11-0.84]) but not in those without pCR (1.13 [0.77-1.67]). Among the TNBC patients, platinum was associated with a 1.6-fold increased pCR rate; however, it did not improve OS regardless of pCR status. Conclusions Trastuzumab improved pCR and OS for patients with HER2+ subtype. Using platinum agents for TNBC patients increased pCR rates but was not linked to better survival. Optimal neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy for patients with HER2+ eBC and the introduction of novel therapy for patients with TNBC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Pang Chung
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ru Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Su
- Medical Division, Roche Products Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Su
- Medical Division, Roche Products Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yun Liu
- Medical Division, Roche Products Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Tz Ou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Huang-Tz Ou,
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24
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di Mauro P, Schivardi G, Pedersini R, Laini L, Esposito A, Amoroso V, Laganà M, Grisanti S, Cosentini D, Berruti A. Sacituzumab govitecan and radiotherapy in metastatic, triple-negative, and BRCA-mutant breast cancer patient with active brain metastases: A case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1139372. [PMID: 36890829 PMCID: PMC9987211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1139372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype, owing to its high metastatic potential: Patients who develop brain metastases (BMs) have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective systemic treatments. Surgery and radiation therapy are valid options, while pharmacotherapy still relies on systemic chemotherapy, which has limited efficacy. Among the new treatment strategies available, the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab govitecan has shown an encouraging activity in metastatic TNBC, even in the presence of BMs. Case presentation A 59-year-old woman was diagnosed with early TNBC and underwent surgery and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. A germline pathogenic variant in BReast CAncer gene 2 (BRCA2) was revealed after genetic testing. After 11 months from the completion of adjuvant treatment, she had pulmonary and hilar nodal relapse and began first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. However, after only 3 months from starting the treatment, she experienced relevant disease progression, due to the appearance of numerous and symptomatic BMs. Sacituzumab govitecan (10 mg/kg) was started as second-line treatment as part of the Expanded Access Program (EAP). She reported symptomatic relief after the first cycle and received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) concomitantly to sacituzumab govitecan treatment. The subsequent CT scan showed an extracranial partial response and a near-to-complete intracranial response; no grade 3 adverse events were reported, even if sacituzumab govitecan was reduced to 7.5 mg/kg due to persistent G2 asthenia. After 10 months from starting sacituzumab govitecan, a systemic disease progression was documented, while intracranial response was maintained. Conclusions This case report supports the potential efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan in the treatment of early recurrent and BRCA-mutant TNBC. Despite the presence of active BMs, our patient had a progression-free survival (PFS) of 10 months in the second-line setting and sacituzumab govitecan was safe when administered together with radiation therapy. Further real-world data are warranted to confirm sacituzumab govitecan efficacy in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi di Mauro
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Greta Schivardi
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Breast Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lara Laini
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vito Amoroso
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Laganà
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Breast Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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25
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Provenzano L, Lobefaro R, Ligorio F, Zattarin E, Zambelli L, Sposetti C, Presti D, Montelatici G, Ficchì A, Martinetti A, Arata A, Del Vecchio M, Lauria Pantano C, Formisano B, Bianchi GV, Capri G, de Braud F, Vernieri C, Fucà G. The pan-immune-inflammation value is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced TNBC treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy: an institutional retrospective analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231165978. [PMID: 37063779 PMCID: PMC10102956 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231165978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (aTNBC) has a poor prognosis; thus, there is a need to identify novel biomarkers to guide future research and improve clinical outcomes. Objectives We tested the prognostic ability of an emerging, complete blood count (CBC)-based inflammatory biomarker, the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), in patients with aTNBC treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. Design This was a retrospective, monocentric, observational study. Methods We included consecutive aTNBC patients treated with platinum-based, first-line chemotherapy at our Institution, and for whom baseline (C1) CBC data were available. We collected CBC data early on-treatment, when available. PIV was calculated as: (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count. Patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer (aBC) were included in a control, non-TNBC cohort. Results A total of 78 aTNBC patients were included. When evaluated as a continuous variable, PIV-C1 was associated with worse overall survival (OS; p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS; p < 0.001). On the other hand, when PIV-C1 was assessed on the basis of its quantile distribution, patients with 'high PIV-C1' experienced worse OS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 4.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.22-8.99; adjusted p < 0.001] and PFS (adjusted HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08-3.80; adjusted p = 0.027) when compared to patients with 'low PIV-C1'. Higher PIV-C1 was also associated with primary resistance to chemotherapy. Similarly, a higher PIV calculated from CBC at C2D1 (PIV-C2) was associated with worse survival outcomes. We also created a PIV-based score combining information about both PIV-C1 and PIV-C2 and allowing the stratification of patients at low, intermediate, and high risk of death. No association was observed between PIV-C1 and clinical outcomes of HR+/HER2- aBC patients. Conclusion PIV has a promising prognostic discrimination ability in aTNBC patients treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. Both baseline and early on-treatment PIV are associated with clinical outcomes and may be exploited for creating PIV-based risk classifiers if further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Zattarin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Zambelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Sposetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Presti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Montelatici
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ficchì
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Martinetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Arata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Del Vecchio
- Unit of Pharmacy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto
Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Formisano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Valeria Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology,
University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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26
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Ogier du Terrail J, Leopold A, Joly C, Béguier C, Andreux M, Maussion C, Schmauch B, Tramel EW, Bendjebbar E, Zaslavskiy M, Wainrib G, Milder M, Gervasoni J, Guerin J, Durand T, Livartowski A, Moutet K, Gautier C, Djafar I, Moisson AL, Marini C, Galtier M, Balazard F, Dubois R, Moreira J, Simon A, Drubay D, Lacroix-Triki M, Franchet C, Bataillon G, Heudel PE. Federated learning for predicting histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Med 2023; 29:135-146. [PMID: 36658418 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rare cancer, characterized by high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, and has limited treatment options. The current standard of care in nonmetastatic settings is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), but treatment efficacy varies substantially across patients. This heterogeneity is still poorly understood, partly due to the paucity of curated TNBC data. Here we investigate the use of machine learning (ML) leveraging whole-slide images and clinical information to predict, at diagnosis, the histological response to NACT for early TNBC women patients. To overcome the biases of small-scale studies while respecting data privacy, we conducted a multicentric TNBC study using federated learning, in which patient data remain secured behind hospitals' firewalls. We show that local ML models relying on whole-slide images can predict response to NACT but that collaborative training of ML models further improves performance, on par with the best current approaches in which ML models are trained using time-consuming expert annotations. Our ML model is interpretable and is sensitive to specific histological patterns. This proof of concept study, in which federated learning is applied to real-world datasets, paves the way for future biomarker discovery using unprecedentedly large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Camille Franchet
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT) Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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27
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Tsang JY, Tse GM. Update on triple-negative breast cancers - highlighting subtyping update and treatment implication. Histopathology 2023; 82:17-35. [PMID: 36468263 DOI: 10.1111/his.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major challenge in breast cancer management. Continuing research in the past years aimed at understanding the biology of this tumour and developing more effective therapeutic options. It is now clear that TNBC is vastly heterogeneous with diverse histological, molecular, immunological profiles and clinical differences. Current evidence suggested the existence of at least four predominant subtypes based on expression profiling across studies. These subtypes exhibited specific genomic alterations and tumour microenvironment. Subtype-specific therapeutic strategies were identified. Recognising these subtypes allows not only an improved prognostication but also a better treatment decision. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent findings on TNBC heterogeneity at different levels and corresponding subtyping. The characteristic of subtypes and the implication of these subtypings in therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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28
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Desai PP, Narra K, James JD, Jones HP, Tripathi AK, Vishwanatha JK. Combination of Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Annexin A2 Protein and mRNA as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Chemotherapy Responsiveness in Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010212. [PMID: 36612209 PMCID: PMC9818227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), mainly exosomes, are nanovesicles that shed from the membrane as intraluminal vesicles of the multivesicular bodies, serve as vehicles that carry cargo influential in modulating the tumor microenvironment for the multi-step process of cancer metastasis. Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a calcium(Ca2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, is among sEV cargoes. sEV-derived AnxA2 (sEV-AnxA2) protein is involved in the process of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The objective of the current study is to determine whether sEV-AnxA2 protein and/or mRNA could be a useful biomarkers to predict the responsiveness of chemotherapy in TNBC. Removal of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the serum as well as using the System Bioscience's ExoQuick Ultra kit resulted in efficient sEV isolation and detection of sEV-AnxA2 protein and mRNA compared to the ultracentrifugation method. The standardized method was applied to the twenty TNBC patient sera for sEV isolation. High levels of sEV-AnxA2 protein and/or mRNA were associated with stage 3 and above in TNBC. Four patients who responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had high expression of AnxA2 protein and/or mRNA in sEVs, while other four who did not respond to chemotherapy had low levels of AnxA2 protein and mRNA in sEVs. Our data suggest that the sEV-AnxA2 protein and mRNA could be a combined predictive biomarker for responsiveness to chemotherapy in aggressive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P. Desai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kalyani Narra
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Peter Smith (JPS) Oncology Infusion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, TX 76104, USA
| | - Johanna D. James
- Biosample Repository Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, TX 76107, USA
| | - Amit K. Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jamboor K. Vishwanatha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence:
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29
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Zipinotti Dos Santos D, Santos Guimaraes ID, Hakeem-Sanni MF, Cochran BJ, Rye KA, Grewal T, Hoy AJ, Rangel LBA. Atorvastatin improves cisplatin sensitivity through modulation of cholesteryl ester homeostasis in breast cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 36481936 PMCID: PMC9732177 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired treatment resistance is a significant problem in breast cancer management, and alterations in lipid metabolism have been proposed to contribute to the development of drug resistance as well as other aspects of tumor progression. The present study aimed to identify the role of cholesterol metabolism in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell response to cisplatin (CDDP) treatment in the acute setting and in a model of CDDP resistance. METHODS MCF-7 (luminal A), MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and CDDP-resistant MDA-MB-231 (MDACR) cell lines were grown in the presence or absence of CDDP in combination with atorvastatin (ATV), lipid depletion or low-density lipoprotein loading and were analyzed by a variety of biochemical and radiometric techniques. RESULTS Co-administration of CDDP and ATV strongly reduced cell proliferation and viability to a greater extent than CDDP alone, especially in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings were associated with reduced cholesteryl ester synthesis and storage in MDA-MB-231 cells. In MDACR cells, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) was upregulated compared to naïve MDA-MB-231 cells and ATV treatment restored CDDP sensitivity, suggesting that aberrant ACAT-1 expression and associated changes in cholesterol metabolism contribute to CDDP resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the elevated susceptibility of MDA-MB-231 cells to co-administration of CDDP and ATV, is associated with an increased reliance on cholesteryl ester availability. Our data from these cell culture-based studies identifies altered cholesterol homeostasis as an adaptive response to CDDP treatment that contributes to aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Zipinotti Dos Santos
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Mariam F Hakeem-Sanni
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leticia B A Rangel
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Biochemistry Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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30
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Passalacqua MI, Rizzo G, Santarpia M, Curigliano G. 'Why is survival with triple negative breast cancer so low? insights and talking points from preclinical and clinical research'. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1291-1310. [PMID: 36522800 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2159805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple negative breast cancer is typically related to poor prognosis, early metastasis, and high recurrence rate. Intrinsic and extrinsic biological features of TNBC and resistance mechanisms to conventional therapies can support its aggressive behavior, characterizing TNBC how extremely heterogeneous. Novel combination strategies are under investigation, including immunotherapeutic agents, anti-drug conjugates, PARP inhibitors, and various targeting agents, exploring, in the meanwhile, possible predictive biomarkers to correctly select patients for the optimal treatment for their specific subtype. AREAS COVERED This article examines the main malignity characteristics across different subtype, both histological and molecular, and the resistance mechanisms, both primary and acquired, to different drugs explored in the landscape of TNBC treatment, that lead TNBC to still has high mortality rate. EXPERT OPINION The complexity of TNBC is not only the main reason of its aggressivity, but its heterogeneity should be exploited in terms of therapeutics opportunities, combining agents with different mechanism of action, after a correct selection by biologic or molecular biomarkers. The main goal is to understand what TNBC really is and to act selectively on its characteristics, with a personalized anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ilenia Passalacqua
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Ieo, European Institute of Oncology Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Graziella Rizzo
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Ieo, European Institute of Oncology Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Ieo, European Institute of Oncology Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Weaver JW, Zhang J, Rojas J, Musich PR, Yao Z, Jiang Y. The application of exosomes in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1022725. [PMID: 36438660 PMCID: PMC9684310 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1022725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and invasive breast cancer (BC) subtype that is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-negative. So far, the treatment of TNBC is still ineffective due to the lack of well-defined molecular targets. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles composed of lipid bilayers. They originate from various types of donor cells and release a complex mixture of contents including diverse nucleic acid types (miRNA, LnRNA, siRNA, and DNA) and proteins; after binding to recipient cells the exosomes release their contents that execute their biological functions. Exosomes have been reported to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of TNBC, including tumor initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. On the other hand, exosomes can be valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of TNBC. More interestingly, exosomes can be harnessed as a nanosized drug-delivery system specifically targeting TNBC. In this review, we present the most recent mechanistic findings and clinical applications of exosomes in TNBC therapy, focusing on their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, nanoscale drug delivery platforms, and immunotherapeutic agents. In addition, the associated challenges and future directions of using exosomes for TNBC treatment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Juan Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Phillip R. Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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Taurelli Salimbeni B, Corvaja C, Valenza C, Zagami P, Curigliano G. The triple negative breast cancer drugs graveyard: a review of failed clinical trials 2017-2022. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1203-1226. [PMID: 36413823 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2151433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of breast cancers (BC) and has the worst prognosis. It is characterized by the absence of both hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC has more limited therapeutic options compared to other subtypes, meaning that there is still a long way to go to discover target treatments. AREAS COVERED Our review aims to summarize phase II/III clinical trials enrolling patients with TNBC that have been published between 2017 and 2022 but failed to reach their primary endpoint. We here try to emphasize the limitations and weaknesses noted in negative studies and to point out unexpected results which might be useful to enhance the therapeutic approach to TNBC disease. EXPERT OPINION A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind TNBC heterogeneity allowed to enhance the knowledge of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response. However, it is also through several failed clinical trials that we were able to define new therapeutic approaches which improved TNBC patients' clinical outcomes. Nowadays, we still need to overcome several difficulties to fully recognize different intracellular and extracellular pathways that crosstalk in TNBC and the mechanisms of resistance to identify novel tailored-patients' therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, "la Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Zagami
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li H, Sun X, Li J, Liu W, Pan G, Mao A, Liu J, Zhang Q, Rao L, Xie X, Sheng X. Hypoxia induces docetaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100821. [PMID: 35985176 PMCID: PMC9403568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the major strategy to prevent and reduce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and metastasis. Hypoxia increases chemoresistance and is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cancer. Based on accumulating evidence, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in acquired drug resistance. However, the role of miRNAs in hypoxia-induced TNBC drug resistance remains to be clarified. Here, we found that hypoxia induced TNBC docetaxel resistance by decreasing the miR-494 level. Modulating miR-494 expression altered the sensitivity of TNBC cells to DTX under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we identified Survivin as a direct miR-494 target. Hypoxia upregulated survivin expression. In a clinical study, the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway was also active in primary human TNBC, and miR-494 expression negatively correlated with HIF-1α and survivin expression. Finally, in a xenograft model, both miR-494 overexpression and the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 increased the sensitivity of TNBC to DTX by suppressing the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway in vivo. In conclusion, treatments targeting the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway potentially reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhua Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China.
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Yu Y, Zhang J, Lin Y, Kang S, Lv X, Song C. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1141-1151. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2125381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaohong Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Xinyin Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Chuangui Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Moment of truth-adding carboplatin to neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer improves overall survival: An individual participant data and trial-level Meta-analysis. Breast 2022; 64:7-18. [PMID: 35462344 PMCID: PMC9039877 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Carboplatin increases the pathological complete remission (pCR) rate in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) when added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, however, evidence on its effect on survival outcomes is controversial. Methods The study was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021228386). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and conference proceedings from January 1, 2004 to January 30, 2022 for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC patients, with carboplatin in the intervention arm and standard anthracycline taxane (AT) in the control arm. PRISMA guidelines were used for this review. Data were pooled using fixed and random effects models as appropriate on extracted hazard ratios (HR). Individual patient data (IPD)for disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were extracted from published survival curves of included RCTs; DFS and OS curves for each trial and the combined population were reconstructed, and HR estimated. The primary outcome was DFS; OS, pCR, and toxicity were secondary outcomes. Results Eight trials with 2425 patients were included. Carboplatin improved DFS (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.78; I2 45%, p < 0.001) compared with AT at trial level and IPD level (HR 0.66; 95%CI, 0.55 to 0.80, p < 0.001) analysis. The OS also improved with carboplatin at both trial level (HR 0.69, 95%CI 0.50 to 0.95, I2 41%, p = 0.02) and IPD level (HR 0.68; 95%CI, 0.54 to 0.87, p = 0.002) analysis. The pCR as expected, was better in the carboplatin arm (OR 2.11; 95% CI = 1.44–3.08; I2 67%, p = 0.009). Anaemia and thrombocytopaenia were higher in the carboplatin arm. Conclusion and relevance: Carboplatin added to (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC improves survival, as shown in both trial level and IPD analysis. Carboplatin in (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free and overall survival in TNBC. Individual participant data analysis confirms this result. Expected increase in myelosuppression seen with carboplatin. These results have practice-changing implications in how we treat TNBC.
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Addiction of Cancer Stem Cells to MUC1-C in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158219. [PMID: 35897789 PMCID: PMC9331006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. TNBC progression is associated with expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Few insights are available regarding druggable targets that drive the TNBC CSC state. This review summarizes the literature on TNBC CSCs and the compelling evidence that they are addicted to the MUC1-C transmembrane protein. In normal epithelia, MUC1-C is activated by loss of homeostasis and induces reversible wound-healing responses of inflammation and repair. However, in settings of chronic inflammation, MUC1-C promotes carcinogenesis. MUC1-C induces EMT, epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin remodeling in TNBC CSCs, which are dependent on MUC1-C for self-renewal and tumorigenicity. MUC1-C-induced lineage plasticity in TNBC CSCs confers DNA damage resistance and immune evasion by chronic activation of inflammatory pathways and global changes in chromatin architecture. Of therapeutic significance, an antibody generated against the MUC1-C extracellular domain has been advanced in a clinical trial of anti-MUC1-C CAR T cells and in IND-enabling studies for development as an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC). Agents targeting the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain have also entered the clinic and are undergoing further development as candidates for advancing TNBC treatment. Eliminating TNBC CSCs will be necessary for curing this recalcitrant cancer and MUC1-C represents a promising druggable target for achieving that goal.
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Yin J, Zhu C, Wang G, Gu J. Treatment for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5901-5914. [PMID: 35795302 PMCID: PMC9252584 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s370351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, many meta-analyses of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment have been published; however, these studies still lack systematic summary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to summarize and evaluate the evidence level and efficacy of treatment for TNBC. Materials and Methods Retrospective and prospective studies on treatment of TNBC were searched in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The literature search deadline was June 30, 2021. Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted the data. In addition, the joint World Health Organization–United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization expert consultation was used to evaluate the validity of the evidence. Results A total of 28 meta-analyses were included in this study. The treatment interventions for TNBC mainly included surgery, chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, zoledronic acid, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. Platinum improves the pathological complete response (PCR) rate of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), the objective remission rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Capecitabine improves disease-free survival (DFS) and OS in patients treated with adjuvant CT. Bevacizumab was added to NACT to improve the PCR rate in patients. Immunotherapy improves the PCR rate in patients treated with NACT. The improvement in PCR rate in patients with high Ki67 expression treated with neoadjuvant therapy is highly suggestive. Other interventions had suggestive or weak evidence. Conclusion Among the strategies for treating TNBC, platinum, bevacizumab, and immunotherapy can lead to better PCR rates as part of a NACT regimen. Capecitabine as adjuvant CT and platinum in the treatment of metastatic TNBC can benefit patients’ survival. However, the effectiveness of other interventions for TNBC is not yet clear. Further research is needed in the future to obtain more reliable clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yin
- Thyroid Breast Surgery, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtai Zhu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Gu
- Thyroid Breast Surgery, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
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Expression and Clinical Significance of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8118909. [PMID: 35845949 PMCID: PMC9283057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8118909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) plays an extremely important role of the programed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) protein. Our study is aimed at investigating the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer and their correlation with the clinical pathological data of patients. We selected 89 cases of triple-negative breast cancer and 62 cases of normal breast tissue specimens. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 and to carefully study differences in their expression. The expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in TNBC was higher than that in normal breast tissue, and the expression of the two was positively correlated (p < 0.05). In TNBC, CMTM6 expression is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, Ki67 proliferation index, and TNM stage (p < 0.05). PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, Ki67 proliferation index, TNM stage, and vascular infiltration (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the positive expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 had no correlation with the survival rate of patients (p > 0.05). According to KM-plotter, we found that a higher CMTM6 expression was positively related with relapse-free survival rate of patients (p < 0.05). A higher PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with relapse-free, overall, and distant metastasis survival rate of patients (p < 0.05). In timer database, we found a positive correlation between the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer. Both CMTM6 and PD-L1 are highly expressed in TNBC, and their expressions are positively related. In the future, the two gene might become targets for the treatment of TNBC, providing a basis of clinical treatment of TNBC.
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Kalinkin AI, Sigin VO, Ignatova EO, Frolova MA, Kuznetsova EB, Vinogradov IY, Vinogradov MI, Vinogradov II, Nemtsova MV, Zaletaev DV, Tanas AS, Strelnikov VV. Design of Marker Panels for Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response of Triple-Negative Breast Tumors Based on the Results of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Screening. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu Y, Zhao D, Shang J, Huang W, Chen Z. A novel star-shaped trinuclear platinum(II) complex based on a 1,3,5-triazine core displaying potent antiproliferative activity against TNBC by the mitochondrial injury and DNA damage mechanism. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10930-10942. [PMID: 35731536 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polynuclear platinum(II) complexes represent a class of great prospective Pt-based antitumor drugs that may expand the antitumor spectrum and overcome the clinical problems of drug resistance and side effects of platinum-based drugs. Herein, a novel star-shaped trinuclear platinum(II) complex [Pt3(L-3H)Cl3] (1, L = 2,4,6-tris[(2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine]-1,3,5-triazine) and its monomer [Pt(L'-H)Cl] (2, L' = (2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) were synthesized and characterized. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of complexes 1 and 2 against a panel of human cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC), MCF-7 (breast), HepG-2 (liver), and A549 (lung) were investigated. The results revealed that 1 exhibited much higher antiproliferative properties than its monomer 2 against the tested cell lines. Importantly, 1 possessed 3.3-fold higher antiproliferative activity as compared with cisplatin against the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Another TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 is also sensitive to 1. The results indicated that 1 might have the potential to act as a candidate for the treatment of TNBC. Cellular uptake and distribution studies showed that 1 could pass through the membrane of cells and enter into cells and mainly accumulate in the nuclei and mitochondria. 1 could bind to DNA in a cooperative groove-electrostatic-platinating binding mode and induce stronger DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and damaging effects on MDA-MB-231 than cisplatin (upregulation of γ-H2AX). Moreover, the DNA damage could not be easily repaired (upregulation of p53), which would exert a much positive influence on the overcoming of drug resistance. Additionally, flow cytometry studies showed that 1 arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased ROS generation, and induced cell apoptosis. The results demonstrated that 1 could target simultaneously mitochondria and nuclei that gave rise to mitochondrial injury and DNA damage and ultimately efficiently promote the apoptotic death of tumor cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that 1 induced MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated mitochondrial pathway by upregulating Bax and cytochrome c and downregulating Bcl-2 proteins, leading to the activation of caspase-3 and upregulation of the cleaved-PARP level. Taken together, 1 with such a synergic mechanism has great potential to be an effective anticancer agent that can overcome treatment resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China.
| | - Jinting Shang
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China. .,Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
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Date T, Kuche K, Chaudhari D, Ghadi R, Sahel DK, Chitkara D, Jain S. Hitting Multiple Cellular Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Dual-Action Cisplatin(IV) Prodrugs for Safer Synergistic Chemotherapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2349-2362. [PMID: 35522530 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells show improved sensitivity for cisplatin therapy due to their defective DNA damage repair system. However, the clinical utilization of cisplatin is limited by dose-dependent systemic toxicities and chemoresistance. Cisplatin Pt(IV) derivatives having kinetically inert octahedral geometry provide an effective strategy to overcome these limitations. Upon cellular reduction, these derivatives release cisplatin and axial ligands, acting as dual-action prodrugs. Hereby, we have developed three cisplatin(IV) conjugates using distinct bioactive axial moieties (valproate, tocopherol, and chlorambucil), which can synergistically complement cisplatin activity and attack multiple cellular targets. The designed derivatives showcased enhanced antiproliferative activity and improved therapeutic synergism along with a noteworthy cisplatin dose reduction index in a panel of six cancer cells. These Pt(IV) derivatives remarkably improved cellular drug uptake and showed lower dependency on copper transporter 1 (Ctr1) for uptake than cisplatin. The results of enhanced in vitro activity were well corroborated by in vivo efficacy testing in the 4T1 cell-based TNBC model, showcasing ∼2-7-folds higher tumor volume reduction for Pt(IV) derivatives than cisplatin. In addition, the designed derivatives significantly reduced the nephrotoxicity risk involved in cisplatin therapy, indicated by systemic toxicity biomarkers and organ histopathology. The results indicated that cisplatin(IV) derivatives could open new avenues for safer synergistic chemotherapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Date
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sahel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
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Date T, Kuche K, Ghadi R, Kumar P, Jain S. Understanding the Role of Axial Ligands in Modulating the Biopharmaceutical Outcomes of Cisplatin(IV) Derivatives. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1325-1337. [PMID: 35437994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum (Pt)-based anticancer drug with broad-scale clinical utility. However, due to its hydrophilic nature and high kinetic reactivity, it offers numerous drug delivery challenges. Limitations such as severe systemic toxicities, chemoresistance, extensive cisplatin-plasma protein interaction, and limited cellular drug uptake reduce the therapeutic impact of cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin(IV) prodrug formation can effectively resolve these challenges. The selection of axial ligands could play a key role in determining the fate of cisplatin(IV) prodrugs by modulating the therapeutic and biopharmaceutical outcomes of therapy. Hereby, three cisplatin(IV) derivatives were developed utilizing valproate, tocopherol, and chlorambucil as axial ligands, and their biopharmaceutical performance was compared along with cisplatin. The impact of cisplatin(IV) derivative formation on their kinetic stability, drug-albumin interaction, cytotoxicity profile, cellular uptake pattern, self-assembling behavior, hemotoxicity, and tumor biodistribution pattern was analyzed to establish the correlation between the structural properties of cisplatin(IV) agents and their biopharmaceutical outcomes. The kinetic inertness of the designed cisplatin(IV) compounds helped in minimizing their plasma protein interactions and ensuring their stability in the blood environment. The lipophilicity enhancement due to Pt(IV) prodrug formation critically helped in enhancing the cellular drug uptake and reduced the dependence on transporters for drug uptake. The lipophilicity and activity of axial ligands were the key drivers governing the biopharmaceutical performance of the Pt(IV) derivatives. The properties of the axial ligand, such as its therapeutic activity, chemical backbone, and functional groups present in its structure, were the critical factors determining their plasma protein interaction, cellular uptake, anticancer activity, and self-assembly pattern. Cisplatin(IV) derivative formation further improved the amount of platinum accumulated in tumors after intravenous injection compared to free cisplatin therapy (2.7-5.4 folds increment) and reduced drug-erythrocyte interactions. Overall, the results highlighted the potential of cisplatin(IV) agents in resolving cisplatin drug delivery challenges and denoted the critical role of axial ligand selection in Pt(IV) prodrug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Date
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Burton KA, Mahen E, Konnick EQ, Blau S, Dorschner MO, Ramirez AB, Schmechel SC, Song C, Parulkar R, Parker S, Senecal FM, Pritchard CC, Mecham BH, Szeto C, Spilman P, Zhu J, Gadi VK, Ronen R, Stilwell J, Kaldjian E, Dutkowski J, Benz SC, Rabizadeh S, Soon-Shiong P, Blau CA. Safety, Feasibility, and Merits of Longitudinal Molecular Testing of Multiple Metastatic Sites to Inform mTNBC Patient Treatment in the Intensive Trial of Omics in Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100280. [PMID: 35294224 PMCID: PMC8939922 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) have poor outcomes. The Intensive Trial of Omics in Cancer (ITOMIC) sought to determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of informing treatment decisions through multiple biopsies of mTNBC deposits longitudinally over time, accompanied by analysis using a distributed network of experts. In the Intensive Trial of Omics in Cancer (ITOMIC), the feasibility and potential efficacy of informing treatment decisions through omics analysis of multiple biopsies of mTNBC deposits over time was assessed. An ITOMIC Tumor Board (ITB) that comprised experts discussed tumor profile findings and made treatment recommendations to each subject's physician. Study-directed omics analysis revealed that of the 31 enrolled subjects, two were found to have lung cancer, one a carcinoma of unknown primary site that and tumor samples from five subjects showed some receptor-positivity. Several subjects survived well beyond what would be expected for this patient group, supporting the merits of further investigation of this approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Burton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Northwest Medical Specialties, Puyallup and Tacoma, WA.,South Sound CARE Foundation, Seattle, WA
| | - Elisabeth Mahen
- Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sibel Blau
- Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Northwest Medical Specialties, Puyallup and Tacoma, WA
| | - Michael O Dorschner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Center for Precision Diagnostics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Stephen C Schmechel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chaozhong Song
- Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Stephanie Parker
- Northwest Medical Specialties, Puyallup and Tacoma, WA.,South Sound CARE Foundation, Seattle, WA
| | - Francis Mark Senecal
- Northwest Medical Specialties, Puyallup and Tacoma, WA.,South Sound CARE Foundation, Seattle, WA
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Jingchun Zhu
- Computational Genomics Lab, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Vijayakrishna K Gadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Anthony Blau
- Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,All4Cure Inc, Seattle, WA
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Gandhi S, Brackstone M, Hong NJL, Grenier D, Donovan E, Lu FI, Skarpathiotakis M, Lee J, Boileau JF, Perera F, Simmons C, Joy AA, Tran WT, Tyono I, Van Massop A, Khalfan S. A Canadian national guideline on the neoadjuvant treatment of invasive breast cancer, including patient assessment, systemic therapy, and local management principles. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 193:1-20. [PMID: 35224713 PMCID: PMC8993711 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer (NABC) is a rapidly changing area that benefits from guidelines integrating evidence with expert consensus to help direct practice. This can optimize patient outcomes by ensuring the appropriate use of evolving neoadjuvant principles. Methods An expert panel formulated evidence-based practice recommendations spanning the entire neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment journey. These were sent for practice-based consensus across Canada using the modified Delphi methodology, through a secure online survey. Final recommendations were graded using the GRADE criteria for guidelines. The evidence was reviewed over the course of guideline development to ensure recommendations remained aligned with current relevant data. Results Response rate to the online survey was almost 30%; representation was achieved from various medical specialties from both community and academic centres in various Canadian provinces. Two rounds of consensus were required to achieve 80% or higher consensus on 59 final statements. Five additional statements were added to reflect updated evidence but not sent for consensus. Conclusions Key highlights of this comprehensive Canadian guideline on NABC include the use of neoadjuvant therapy for early stage triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer, with subsequent adjuvant treatments for patients with residual disease. The use of molecular signatures, other targeted adjuvant therapies, and optimal response-based local regional management remain actively evolving areas. Many statements had evolving or limited data but still achieved high consensus, demonstrating the utility of such a guideline in helping to unify practice while further evidence evolves in this important area of breast cancer management.
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Altei WF, Pachane BC, Souza C, Marques MMC, Selistre-de-Araújo H. New insights into the discovery of drugs for triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:365-376. [PMID: 35179448 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2039619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of great concern due to its aggressiveness and lack of targeted therapy. For these reasons, TNBC is one of the main causes of death in women, mainly due to metastases. Tumor dissemination has highlighted a set of possible targets, with extensive research into new single-target drugs, in addition to drug repurposing strategies, being undertaken to discover new classes of potential inhibitors of metastasis. AREAS COVERED The authors here describe the main proposed targets and the bases of their pharmacological inhibition with different chemical compounds. The authors also discuss the state-of-the-art from the latest clinical trials and highlight other potential targets for metastatic TNBC. EXPERT OPINION In the last decade, oncology research has changed its focus from primary tumors to moving tumor cells, their products, and to the secondary tumor and its surroundings, for the purpose of finding targets to treat metastasis. Consequently, our comprehension of the complexity of the metastatic process has increased drastically, with, furthermore, the discovery of new potential targets. Although promising, the wide range of strategies is still not effective to suppress TNBC metastasis in terms of increasing patient survival or decreasing the number of metastases. Treating or preventing metastasis continues to be a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Fernanda Altei
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Radiotherapy Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Bianca Cruz Pachane
- Graduate Program of Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Souza
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Chiquitelli Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
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Hamm C, Fifield BA, Kay A, Kulkarni S, Gupta R, Mathews J, Ferraiuolo RM, Al-Wahsh H, Mailloux E, Hussein A, Porter LA. A prospective phase II clinical trial identifying the optimal regimen for carboplatin plus standard backbone of anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:49. [PMID: 35103812 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Addition of platinums to combination chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has shown efficacy and is increasingly accepted in the clinic, yet optimal delivery is unknown. A prospective clinical trial with TNBC patients was conducted to determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen to deliver carboplatin with standard dose dense ACT. Tissue microarray was conducted to isolate markers indicative of response to treatment. 90 TNBC patients were enrolled onto our trial. The most successful version placed the carboplatin on the second and final paclitaxel treatment with liberal hematological parameters. Our final regimen had the lowest grade 3 or 4 toxicities, no delays, no dose reductions of carboplatin, and 32% reduction in paclitaxel doses. Stage I (AJCC7) patients did well with carboplatin-based chemotherapy with zero relapse rate. Reduction in protein levels of androgen receptor and PD-L1 were found to be potential indicators of patient relapse. We have optimized a protocol for the addition of carboplatin to standard of care chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Early data indicates reduced protein levels of androgen receptor and PD-L1 as indicators of response to treatment.Trial registration This trial was registered at Canadian Cancer Trials. http://www.canadiancancertrials.ca/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hamm
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Bre-Anne Fifield
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Amin Kay
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Swati Kulkarni
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rasna Gupta
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - John Mathews
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rosa-Maria Ferraiuolo
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Emily Mailloux
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | | | - Lisa A Porter
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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47
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Newton EE, Mueller LE, Treadwell SM, Morris CA, Machado HL. Molecular Targets of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Where Do We Stand? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:482. [PMID: 35158750 PMCID: PMC8833442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer. Due to its heterogeneity and lack of hormone receptor expression, this subtype is more likely to metastasize and resist treatment attempts than are other forms of breast cancer. Due to the absence of targetable receptors, chemotherapy and breast conserving surgery have been the predominant treatment options for patients. However, resistance to chemotherapy and local recurrence of the tumors is frequent. Emerging immunotherapies have begun to change treatment plans for patients diagnosed with TNBC. In this review, we discuss the various immune pathways identified in TNBC and the role they play as targets for new potential treatment choices. Various therapeutic options that inhibit key pathways in cellular growth cycles, DNA repair mechanisms, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression have been shown to improve survival in patients with this disease. With promising results thus far, continued studies of immunotherapy and neoadjuvant therapy options for TNBC are likely to alter the treatment course for these diagnoses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.E.N.); (L.E.M.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Lauren E. Mueller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.E.N.); (L.E.M.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Scout M. Treadwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.E.N.); (L.E.M.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Cindy A. Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Heather L. Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.E.N.); (L.E.M.); (S.M.T.)
- Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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48
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Biomarker dynamics and prognosis in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:91. [PMID: 34997055 PMCID: PMC8741830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a biologically diverse disease with treatment modalities selected based on tumor stage and tumor biology. Distinct intrinsic subtypes and surrogate biomarker profiles play a major role for therapeutic decisions. Response rates to systemic and local treatments as well as the interaction with epidemiological risk factors have been validated in clinical trials and translational studies. This retrospective study addresses the question how biomarker profiles and treatment modalities in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy setting have changed during the past 15 years and what prognostic impact these changes implicate. 342 female breast cancer stage I-IV patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2003 and 2017 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was correlated with preoperative clinical stage, postoperative pathological stage, treatment modalities and tumor biology before and after chemotherapy. Two subgroups were separated using an arbitrary cut-off year at 2009/2010, due to 2010 when platinum containing regimens were first administered. Median follow-up was 54 months. 57 (17%) patients died; recurrences occurred in 103 of 342 (30%) patients. Nodal stage and intrinsic subtypes (pre- and postoperative) significantly correlated with OS (p < 0.001). Preoperative histological grading lacked prognostic power. When comparing the patient characteristics of the subgroups, we found significant difference in the following characteristics: cT, ypT, ypN, pCR and chemotherapy regimens (p < 0.001). There was no difference in OS when comparing the two subgroups. Pathological complete response (pCR) rates had a significant impact on OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in HER2+ and triple negative subtypes (p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, high proliferation index (> 30%), clinical metastatic stage and pathological tumor stage had prognostic impact on OS (p < 0.001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.002). Clinico-pathological factors and distinct therapy regiments especially in triple negative and HER2+ subtypes have prognostic impact on pCR, OS and DFS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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49
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Feng W, He Y, Xu J, Zhang H, Si Y, Xu J, Li S. A meta-analysis of the effect and safety of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of resectable triple-negative breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e52-e60. [PMID: 34371505 PMCID: PMC8670346 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and fatal subtype of breast cancer. The effectiveness of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of cancer has many divergent opinions. A search was conducted in the PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies published before August 2020. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) while the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Nine randomized controlled trials comprised of 1873 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed significant improvements in pCR (RR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.25-1.82, P < 0.001), ORR (RR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.07-1.34, P = 0.001), OS (HR=0.56; 95% CI, 0.15-0.96, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.22-0.73, P < 0.001) compared to nonplatinum neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, addition of platinum compounds did not significantly increase the side effects of any grade. However, there was an increase in blood toxicity of grade 3 patients which meant that it was mainly confined to the bone marrow/blood system. Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy can safely improve short-term and long-term outcomes in resectable TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuna Feng
- Emergency Medical Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Yujing He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Jingsi Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Hongya Zhang
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Yuexiu Si
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Shengzhou Li
- Emergency Medical Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo
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50
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Guo C, Su Y, Wang B, Chen Q, Guo H, Kong M, Chen D. Novel polysaccharide building hybrid nanoparticles: remodelling TAMs to target ERα-positive breast cancer. J Drug Target 2021; 30:450-462. [PMID: 34927506 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2020798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of oncology patients and the use of chemotherapeutic agents, tumour multidrug resistance is becoming more and more prevalent. The search for new tumour treatment strategies to overcome tumour multidrug resistance is urgent. In this study, we designed GSH and ROS dual-responsive tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs)-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) for the co-delivery of the clinical first-line anti-breast cancer chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) and baicalin (Bai), which re-educates TAMs to alter their phenotype. We synthesised oligohyaluronic acid-mannose-folic acid (oHA-Man-FA, HMF) and astragalus polysaccharide-dithiodipropionic acid-paeoniflorol (APS-S-Pae, ASP), two hybrid materials that can self-assemble in water to form hybrid nanoparticles (HP-NPs) co-loaded with paclitaxel and baicalin (HP-NPs@PTX/Bai). The experimental results show that our designed hybrid nanoparticles can be specifically released in the tumour microenvironment and deliver the antitumor drug PTX as well as Bai, which reshapes the phenotype of TAMs, to the tumour site. The hybrid nanoparticles not only effectively re-educated TAMs from M2 TAM to M1 TAM, but also ameliorated the cytotoxic side effects caused by free PTX and provided better tumour suppression than free PTX and HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yanguo Su
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Huimin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
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