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Perez AM, Neag E, Sridhar J, Williams BK. Weight loss, bariatric surgery, and novel antidiabetic drugs effects on diabetic retinopathy: a review. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2024; 35:192-196. [PMID: 38295156 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment, and the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity will impact rates of visual impairment moving forward. Our review aims to synthesize the current body of evidence regarding the impact of lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, bariatric surgery, and novel antidiabetic drugs, on DR. RECENT FINDINGS Literature review revealed insufficient evidence regarding the impact of weight loss on DR. Preoperative DR patients undergoing bariatric surgery were found to have similar short-term chances of improvement or worsening DR. Progression of DR with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists treatments appears unrelated to specific drugs and was also observed with traditional antidiabetic medications. SUMMARY Rapidly correcting HbA1c levels (≥2%) can paradoxically lead to early worsening DR. Patients considering weight loss, bariatric surgery, and novel antidiabetic drugs should be aware of the potential for DR progression, but they should not be discouraged, as achieving glycemic control is essential for reducing long-term morbidity and mortality from other diabetes-related complications. It is advisable to conduct a baseline retinal examination before treatment and continue monitoring during therapy. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of these treatments on DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Perez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Emily Neag
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Olive View Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Basil K Williams
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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2
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Korhonen E. Inflammasome activation in response to aberrations of cellular homeostasis in epithelial cells from human cornea and retina. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 281:3-68. [PMID: 38386419 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
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3
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Jiang Y, Zhou L, Yao L. Serum levels of interleukin-18 in diabetic retinopathy patients: A meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2259-2266. [PMID: 36974472 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231163900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between plasma interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and Cochrane were reviewed systemically from inception to August 2022. Searches were performed using a combined term that included all spellings of "diabetic retinopathy," and "interleukin-18". Eligible studies were retrospective studies reporting changes in IL-18 levels between the DR group and the control group. The healthy controls had no identifiable DR disease. Pooled outcomes were reported as standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics, and it was considered significant if I2 > 75%. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). RESULTS 7 studies and four countries incorporated 160 cases, and 119 controls were incorporated in this meta-analysis. When comparing subjects without DR, those with DR tended to have higher serum IL-18 levels (SMD = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.84-4.97). Publication bias indicated that no publication bias existed in the study. CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating IL-18 levels may be one of the significant risk factors positively correlated with the development of DR. Future studies should clarify the mechanism behind this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Jiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Li Yao
- Ophthalmology Department, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China
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Lietuvninkas L, Baccouche B, Kazlauskas A. The Multi-Kinase Inhibitor RepSox Enforces Barrier Function in the Face of Both VEGF and Cytokines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2431. [PMID: 37760872 PMCID: PMC10525881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit provided by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for patients with vision-threatening conditions such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) demonstrates the important role of VEGF in this affliction. Cytokines, which can be elevated in the vitreous of patients with DR, promote leakage of retinal blood vessels, and may also contribute to pathology, especially in those patients for whom anti-VEGF does not provide adequate benefit. In this in vitro study using primary human retinal endothelial cells, we compared anti-VEGF with the (transforming growth factor beta) TGFβ receptor inhibitor RepSox (RS) for their ability to enforce barrier function in the face of VEGF, cytokines, and the combination of both. RS was superior to anti-VEGF because it prevented permeability in response to VEGF, cytokines, and their combination, whereas anti-VEGF was effective against VEGF alone. The inhibitory effect of RS was associated with suppression of both agonist-induced pore formation and disorganization of adherens junctions. RS-mediated inhibition of the TGFβ pathway and increased expression of claudin-5 did not adequately explain how RS stabilized the endothelial cell barrier. Finally, RS not only prevented barrier relaxation, but also completely or partially reclosed a barrier relaxed with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) or VEGF, respectively. These studies demonstrate that RS stabilized the endothelial barrier in the face of both cytokines and VEGF, and thereby identify RS as a therapeutic that has the potential to overcome permeability driven by multiple agonists that play a role in the pathology of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lietuvninkas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.L.)
| | - Basma Baccouche
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.L.)
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.L.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Dascalu AM, Serban D, Tanasescu D, Vancea G, Cristea BM, Stana D, Nicolae VA, Serboiu C, Tribus LC, Tudor C, Georgescu A, Tudosie MS, Costea DO, Bratu DG. The Value of White Cell Inflammatory Biomarkers as Potential Predictors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2106. [PMID: 37626602 PMCID: PMC10452280 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is still challenging, with recent evidence proving the key role of inflammation in the damage of the retinal neurovascular unit. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity. We performed a retrospective study on 129 T2DM patients, divided into three groups: without retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). NLR, MLR, and SII were significantly higher in the PDR group when compared to NDR and NPDR (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.9 and 2.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.005; 0.376 ± 0.216 vs. 0.269 ± 0.083 and 0.275 ± 0.111, p = 0.001; 754.4 ± 514.4 vs. 551.5 ± 215.1 and 560.3 ± 248.6, p = 0.013, respectively). PDR was correlated with serum creatinine (OR: 2.551), NLR (OR: 1.645), MPV (OR: 1.41), and duration of diabetes (OR: 1.301). Logistic regression analysis identified three predictive models with very good discrimination power for PDR (AUC ROC of 0.803, 0.809, and 0.830, respectively): combining duration of diabetes with NLR, MLR, and, respectively, PLR, MPV, and serum creatinine. NLR, MPV, SII, and LMR were associated with PDR and could be useful when integrated into comprehensive risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Dascalu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Serban
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
| | - Denisa Tanasescu
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Lucian Blaga’ University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Geta Vancea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
| | - Bogdan Mihai Cristea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
| | - Daniela Stana
- Ophthalmology Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vanessa Andrada Nicolae
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Crenguta Serboiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
| | - Laura Carina Tribus
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Tudor
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Ophthalmology Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Silviu Tudosie
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania (G.V.)
| | - Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- General Surgery Department, Emergency County Hospital Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Dan Georgian Bratu
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Lucian Blaga”, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
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Lepre CC, Russo M, Trotta MC, Petrillo F, D'Agostino FA, Gaudino G, D'Amico G, Campitiello MR, Crisci E, Nicoletti M, Gesualdo C, Simonelli F, D'Amico M, Hermenean A, Rossi S. Inhibition of Galectins and the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach in the Neurovascular Inflammation of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119721. [PMID: 37298672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular retinal complication of diabetic patients, contributing to loss of vision. Recently, retinal neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration have emerged as key players in DR progression, and therefore, this review examines the neuroinflammatory molecular basis of DR. We focus on four important aspects of retinal neuroinflammation: (i) the exacerbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (ii) the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; (iii) the role of galectins; and (iv) the activation of purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Moreover, this review proposes the selective inhibition of galectins and the P2X7R as a potential pharmacological approach to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Claudia Lepre
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Ph.D. Course in Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Anna D'Agostino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gaudino
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Campitiello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, ASL Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
| | - Erminia Crisci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Ramos H, Hernández C, Simó R, Simó-Servat O. Inflammation: The Link between Neural and Vascular Impairment in the Diabetic Retina and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108796. [PMID: 37240138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex, multifactorial and compromises all the elements of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU). This diabetic complication has a chronic low-grade inflammatory component involving multiple inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. The diabetic milieu promotes reactive gliosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment, which contribute to the disruption of the blood retinal barrier. The understanding and the continuous research of the mechanisms behind the strong inflammatory component of the disease allows the design of new therapeutic strategies to address this unmet medical need. In this context, the aim of this review article is to recapitulate the latest research on the role of inflammation in DR and to discuss the efficacy of currently administered anti-inflammatory treatments and those still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ramos
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Mugisho OO, Aryal J, Shome A, Lyon H, Acosta ML, Green CR, Rupenthal ID. Orally Delivered Connexin43 Hemichannel Blocker, Tonabersat, Inhibits Vascular Breakdown and Inflammasome Activation in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3876. [PMID: 36835288 PMCID: PMC9961562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes, is associated with pronounced inflammation arising from the activation of a nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Cell culture models have shown that a connexin43 hemichannel blocker can prevent inflammasome activation in DR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular safety and efficacy of tonabersat, an orally bioavailable connexin43 hemichannel blocker, to protect against DR signs in an inflammatory non-obese diabetic (NOD) DR mouse model. For retina safety studies, tonabersat was applied to retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells or given orally to control NOD mice in the absence of any other stimuli. For efficacy studies, either tonabersat or a vehicle was given orally to the inflammatory NOD mouse model two hours before an intravitreal injection of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Fundus and optical coherence tomography images were acquired at the baseline as well as at 2- and 7-day timepoints to assess microvascular abnormalities and sub-retinal fluid accumulation. Retinal inflammation and inflammasome activation were also assessed using immunohistochemistry. Tonabersat did not have any effect on ARPE-19 cells or control NOD mouse retinas in the absence of other stimuli. However, the tonabersat treatment in the inflammatory NOD mice significantly reduced macrovascular abnormalities, hyperreflective foci, sub-retinal fluid accumulation, vascular leak, inflammation, and inflammasome activation. These findings suggest that tonabersat may be a safe and effective treatment for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo O. Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (O.O.M.); (J.A.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (I.D.R.)
| | - Jyoti Aryal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (O.O.M.); (J.A.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (I.D.R.)
| | - Avik Shome
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (O.O.M.); (J.A.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (I.D.R.)
| | - Heather Lyon
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (O.O.M.); (J.A.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (I.D.R.)
| | - Monica L. Acosta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Colin R. Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D. Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (O.O.M.); (J.A.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (I.D.R.)
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9
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Mijit M, Liu S, Sishtla K, Hartman GD, Wan J, Corson TW, Kelley MR. Identification of Novel Pathways Regulated by APE1/Ref-1 in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1101. [PMID: 36674619 PMCID: PMC9865623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
APE1/Ref-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, APE1 or APEX1; redox factor-1, Ref-1) is a dual-functional enzyme with crucial roles in DNA repair, reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling, and RNA processing and metabolism. The redox function of Ref-1 regulates several transcription factors, such as NF-κB, STAT3, HIF-1α, and others, which have been implicated in multiple human diseases, including ocular angiogenesis, inflammation, and multiple cancers. To better understand how APE1 influences these disease processes, we investigated the effects of APEX1 knockdown (KD) on gene expression in human retinal endothelial cells. This abolishes both DNA repair and redox signaling functions, as well as RNA interactions. Using RNA-seq analysis, we identified the crucial signaling pathways affected following APEX1 KD, with subsequent validation by qRT-PCR. Gene expression data revealed that multiple genes involved in DNA base excision repair, other DNA repair pathways, purine or pyrimidine metabolism signaling, and histidine/one carbon metabolism pathways were downregulated by APEX1 KD. This is in contrast with the alteration of pathways by APEX1 KD in human cancer lines, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, lung, HeLa, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. These results highlight the unique role of APE1/Ref-1 and the clinical therapeutic potential of targeting APE1 and pathways regulated by APE1 in the eye. These findings provide novel avenues for ocular neovascularization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Mijit
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gabriella D. Hartman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Timothy W. Corson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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10
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Dos Santos FM, Ciordia S, Mesquita J, de Sousa JPC, Paradela A, Tomaz CT, Passarinha LAP. Vitreous humor proteome: unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying proliferative and neovascular vitreoretinal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:22. [PMID: 36585968 PMCID: PMC11072707 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are among the leading causes of blindness. Due to the multifactorial nature of these vitreoretinal diseases, omics approaches are essential for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiologic processes underlying the evolution to a proliferative or neovascular etiology, in which patients suffer from an abrupt loss of vision. For many years, it was thought that the function of the vitreous was merely structural, supporting and protecting the surrounding ocular tissues. Proteomics studies proved that vitreous is more complex and biologically active than initially thought, and its changes reflect the physiological and pathological state of the eye. The vitreous is the scenario of a complex interplay between inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Vitreous proteome not only reflects the pathological events that occur in the retina, but the changes in the vitreous itself play a central role in the onset and progression of vitreoretinal diseases. Therefore, this review offers an overview of the studies on the vitreous proteome that could help to elucidate some of the pathological mechanisms underlying proliferative and/or neovascular vitreoretinal diseases and to find new potential pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Milhano Dos Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Castro de Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, 2410-197, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís António Paulino Passarinha
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- Pharmaco-Toxicology Laboratory, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Wang X, Chen W, Lao W, Chen Y. Upregulation of PCED1B-AS1 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its involvement in retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 36418980 PMCID: PMC9685937 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to assess the diagnostic value of PCED1B-AS1 for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and investigate the involvement of PCED1B-AS1 in PDR. METHODS The vitreous and blood specimens from 37 subjects with PDR and 21 non-diabetics were examined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR to determine the PCED1B-AS1 level. The two groups were age- and gender-matched. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to visually illustrate the diagnostic ability of PCED1B-AS1. Human retinal Müller glial cells were studied by ELISA. Proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Significant increases of PCED1B-AS1 levels were observed in the vitreous samples and CD34 + VEGFR-2 + cells from blood samples of diabetic subjects with PDR, compared with those of non-diabetics. The ROC curve based on the vitreous PCED1B-AS1 levels revealed an AUC of 0.812, while the ROC curve based on the PCED1B-AS1 levels in CD34 + VEGFR-2 + cells from blood samples revealed an AUC of 0.870. In Müller cell cultures, PCED1B-AS1 siRNA significantly attenuated VEGF and MCP-1 upregulation which were induced by CoCl2 and TNF-α. Additionally, PCED1B-AS1 siRNA attenuated VEGF-induced proliferation and migration in HRMECs. CONCLUSION This study revealed the potential of PCED1B-AS1 as a diagnostic biomarker for PDR. In vitro data point to the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferation effects of PCED1B-AS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Wangling Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Wei Lao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
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