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Jiang Q, Feldman N, Koire A, Ma C, Mittal L, Lin HC, Erdei C, Roffman JL, Liu CH. Infant neurodevelopment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with maternal pandemic-related experiences, parenting stress, and self-efficacy. Early Hum Dev 2024; 193:106018. [PMID: 38703424 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pandemic-related experiences have been linked to the psychological well-being of mothers, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes have not been sufficiently studied. AIMS To assess whether maternal COVID-19-related experiences (i.e., COVID-19-related health, risk, resource worries, and feelings of grief), parenting stress, and maternal self-efficacy are associated with infant neurodevelopment as measured by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) maternal report when infants were between 8 to 10 months of age. Furthermore, this study examined the moderating effect of maternal self-efficacy between maternal COVID-19-related experiences and infant neurodevelopment. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 122 women who were drawn from the Perinatal Experiences and COVID-19 Effects (PEACE) Study, with online surveys administered between November 2020 and August 2022. RESULTS After controlling for maternal anxiety and depression symptoms and demographic factors, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that parenting stress showed no effect on ASQ-3 scores. However, more adverse COVID-19-related experiences and higher levels of maternal self-efficacy were associated with better infant neurodevelopment. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect between maternal self-efficacy and COVID-19-related experiences on infant neurodevelopment. For mothers with moderate to high levels of self-efficacy, more adverse COVID-19-related experiences were associated with better infant neurodevelopment. For mothers with low levels of self-efficacy, more adverse COVID-19-related experiences were associated with poorer developmental outcomes in infants. CONCLUSIONS Under adverse conditions, confidence in caregiving may afford more optimal infant neurodevelopment. Interventions aimed at fostering maternal self-efficacy and addressing specific stressors can be valuable in promoting positive developmental trajectories for infants born during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Koire
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Candice Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leena Mittal
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hung-Chu Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Carmina Erdei
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kato T, Fujii M, Kanatani K, Niwa F, Hirabayashi K, Nakayama T, Itakura S. Paternal involvement in infant care and developmental milestone outcomes at age 3 years: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Pediatr Res 2024; 95:785-791. [PMID: 37422497 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developed countries, the time fathers spend on childcare has increased steadily in recent decades. However, studies on the relationship between paternal care and child outcomes remain scarce. Thus, we examined the association between paternal involvement in childcare and children's developmental outcomes. METHODS We used Japan's largest birth cohort data, the Japan Environment and Children's Study, to examine the relationship between paternal involvement in childcare at the child's age of 6 months and developmental milestone outcomes at the child's age of 3 years (n = 28,050). Developmental delays were assessed with Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Potential mediation by maternal parenting stress at the child's age of 1.5 years was also examined. We used log-binomial regression analyses to estimate risk ratios. RESULTS Fathers' high involvement in childcare was associated with a lower risk of developmental delay in gross-motor, fine-motor, problem solving, and personal-social domains compared with low involvement, adjusting for potential confounders. For example, the risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals was 0.76 [0.67, 0.86] for the gross-motor domain. We also observed that the associations were partially mediated by maternal parenting stress. CONCLUSIONS Fathers' active involvement in childcare during infancy may promote young children's development, partially by reducing maternal parenting stress. IMPACT Using Japan's largest birth cohort data (Japan Environment and Children's Study), we showed that paternal involvement in infant care might benefit young children's development. Fathers' active involvement in infant care was associated with a lower risk of developmental delays in gross-motor, fine-motor, problem solving, and personal-social domains. Maternal parenting stress may mediate the association between paternal involvement in infant care and child development outcomes at 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mai Fujii
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kanatani
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyoto Regional Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fusako Niwa
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyoto Regional Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hirabayashi
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyoto Regional Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoji Itakura
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Xie EB, Jung JW, Kaur J, Benzies KM, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Keys E. Digital Parenting Interventions for Fathers of Infants From Conception to the Age of 12 Months: Systematic Review of Mixed Methods Studies. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43219. [PMID: 37494086 PMCID: PMC10413237 DOI: 10.2196/43219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions help address barriers to traditional health care services. Fathers play an important parenting role in their families, and their involvement is beneficial for family well-being. Although digital interventions are a promising avenue to facilitate father involvement during the perinatal period, most are oriented toward maternal needs and do not address the unique needs of fathers. OBJECTIVE This systematic review describes the digital interventions that exist or are currently being developed for fathers of infants from conception to 12 months postpartum. METHODS A systematic search of the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase (using Ovid), and CINAHL (using EBSCO) databases was conducted to identify articles from database inception to June 2022, of which 39 met the inclusion criteria. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed and described a digital intervention that targeted fathers of fetuses or infants aged ≤12 months. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and opinion pieces were excluded. Data from these studies were extracted and themed using a narrative synthesis approach. Quality appraisal of the articles was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS A total of 2816 articles were retrieved, of which 39 (1.38%) met the inclusion criteria for eligibility after removing duplicates and screening. Eligible articles included 29 different interventions across 13 countries. Most articles (22/29, 76%) described interventions that were exclusively digital. There were a variety of digital modalities, but interventions were most commonly designed to be delivered via a website or web-based portal (14/29, 48%). Just over half (21/39, 54%) of the articles described interventions designed to be delivered from pregnancy through the postpartum period. Only 26% (10/39) of the studies targeted fathers exclusively. A wide range of outcomes were included, with 54% (21/39) of the studies including a primary outcome related to intervention feasibility. Qualitative and mixed methods studies reported generally positive experiences with digital interventions and qualitative themes of the importance of providing support to partners, improving parenting confidence, and normalization of stress were identified. Of the 18 studies primarily examining efficacy outcomes, 13 (72%) reported a statistically significant intervention effect. The studies exhibited a moderate quality level overall. CONCLUSIONS New and expecting fathers use digital technologies, which could be used to help address father-specific barriers to traditional health care services. However, in contrast to the current state of digital interventions for mothers, father-focused interventions lack evaluation and evidence. Among the existing studies on digital interventions for fathers, there seem to be mixed findings regarding their feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy. There is a need for more development and standardized evaluation of interventions that target father-identified priorities. This review was limited by not assessing equity-oriented outcomes (eg, race and socioeconomic status), which should also be considered in future intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Wonkyu Jung
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen M Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Keys
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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O’Donnell KJ, Gallis JA, Turner EL, Hagaman AK, Scherer E, Sikander S, Maselko J. The Day-in-the-Life method for assessing infant caregiving in rural Pakistan. FAMILY RELATIONS 2023; 72:1237-1253. [PMID: 37346745 PMCID: PMC10281745 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective This manuscript describes the Day-in-the-Life (DIL) method for assessing child caregiving activities, its implementation, and findings regarding family members' roles and associations with maternal depression symptoms. Background Infant caregiving activities are most commonly performed by the mother, although there is increasing acknowledgement of others' contribution. Few methods exist to measure the diverse caregiving activities that mothers and others perform. Method Method development occurred within the Bachpan Cohort Study in rural Pakistan (N = 1,154 maternal-child dyads) when the child was 3 months old. The DIL was designed as a semi-structured interview in which the mother describes her child's day from their perspective. Regression analyses were then used to explore the correlation between the DIL and depression symptoms, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) measure. Results The DIL method was easy to administer and displayed excellent interrater agreement. The findings indicated that instrumental caregiving was mostly provided by the mother alone, others in the household tended to contribute more to infant social interactions, and there was more support from others when the mother was less able to provide care (e.g., when ill). Depression symptoms were higher among women who experienced less contribution from family members when the mother was less able to provide care. Conclusions The DIL can be deployed to measure infant caregiving activities and associations with maternal mental health. Implications This method is promising for researchers interested in disentangling the contribution of multiple family members toward child caregiving and its impacts on maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. O’Donnell
- Center for Child and Family Health, Durham, NC
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - John A. Gallis
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elizabeth L. Turner
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ashley K. Hagaman
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
- Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Elissa Scherer
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Siham Sikander
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Kasamatsu H, Tsuchida A, Matsumura K, Hamazaki K, Inoue M, Inadera H. Impact of longer working hours on fathers' parenting behavior when their infants are 6 months old: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1100923. [PMID: 37441647 PMCID: PMC10334997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Long working hours have been suggested to affect fathers' parenting behavior, but previously reported findings have been inconsistent. This study examined the association between the working hours and parenting behavior of fathers while accounting for other factors related to their parenting behavior, using data from the Japan Environment and Children Study (JECS), a large cohort study in Japan. Methods Data from 43,159 father-mother pairs were analyzed. The mother assessed the father's frequency of seven parenting behaviors at 6 months after delivery. Then, each behavior was classified into a high-engagement group (always and sometimes) or a low-engagement group (rarely and never). The father's weekly working hours was obtained from his responses and was classified into six levels. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for covariates, fathers' weekly working hours was inversely associated with the frequency of all parenting behaviors examined in this study (p for trend <0.0001). Compared with fathers working ≥0 to ≤40 h per week, those working >65 h per week showed the following adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for low engagement in parenting behaviors: playing at home, 2.38 (2.08-2.72); changing diapers, 2.04 (1.89-2.20); and bathing the child, 2.01 (1.84-2.18). Conclusion This study suggests that the greater time constraints imposed by longer working hours constitute a major factor that discourages fathers from engaging in childrearing behavior. Intervention targeting long working hours could contribute to measures aimed at promoting high-engagement parenting behaviors among fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kasamatsu
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Debnath M, Berk M. Is paternal immune activation just as important as maternal immune activation? Time to rethink the bi-parental immune priming of neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Bagheri M, Salari E, Malaijerdi R, Nazari S. Investigating the Effect of Implementing a Web-Based Educational Program on Fathers' Involvement in Infant Care 0 to 6 Months. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2023; 28:174-178. [PMID: 37332383 PMCID: PMC10275461 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_439_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Fathers need education to understand their role in infant care and its implications regarding the child's health. Virtual education has been able to compensate for the shortcomings of traditional training and education, and with respect to this, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of virtual education on fathers about infant care and their involvement in infant care. Materials and Methods The quasi-experimental study was performed on 83 participants in healthcare centers affiliated with North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. The involvement of fathers in infant care was assessed with a questionnaire of the father's involvement in the care of the infant (mother-reported) in 4-time points: 3-5 days, and 2, 4, and 6 months after birth. Educational materials based on the child's growth and needs and as well as the latest references and national guidelines were prepared, and as the infant grew, were taught step by step to fathers using Soroush's messenger while their questions were answered. Results The mean score of total father involvement in infant care at two, four, and six months after childbirth was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions With regard to the lack of access to fathers during their working hours, virtual education can be used to increase their involvement in infant care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bagheri
- Department of Midwifery School of Medicine North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elahe Salari
- Department of Midwifery School of Medicine North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Raziye Malaijerdi
- MSc Student in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Nazari
- Department of Midwifery School of Medicine North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Kumar N, Kamath S, Kumar G, Vaishali K, Sinha MK, Amin R, Chamallamudi MR. Prenatal Learning and Memory: Review on the Impact of Exposure. Curr Pediatr Rev 2023; 19:108-120. [PMID: 35652394 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220601160537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal Learning is a topic still debated for its existence, although the concept is well known since ancient times. OBJECTIVE The present review highlights the impact of various stimuli on learning and memory in prenatal and postnatal life. METHODS For review, various articles from preclinical and clinical studies providing early pieces of evidence of prenatal learning to date were included based on the relevancy of the databases, namely, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Learning is the process of acquiring skills/ preferences/ habits from the experiences of the exposures of the past. These exposures are the stimuli, which help in categorizing learning into associated or nonassociated learning. The stimuli of adults related to auditory, gustatory, olfactory, visual, touch, etc. are also accessible to the prenatal life in utero either directly or indirectly through the mother. The effects of these stimuli are remarkable during prenatal life and can be seen clearly in infants. These stimuli play an important role in prenatal learning and contribute to neuronal development. The present review summarizes the pieces of evidence for each of these types of learning & their impact on the ex utero life, a futuristic view & the scope of understanding prenatal learning. The review also elucidates the factors affecting prenatal learning. CONCLUSION Studies from clinical and preclinical studies reflected the impacts of several aspects of an infant's life and the memory created during prenatal life was found to be most likely carried on to postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur-844102, Bihar, India
| | - Sushmitha Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India
| | - Revati Amin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka- 576104, India
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Kofke L, Pérez-Escamilla R, Gubert MB, Buccini G. Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with early childhood development delays among children of young mothers in Brasília, Brazil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266018. [PMID: 35353853 PMCID: PMC8967038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Holistic attention to adolescent health is needed to sustain the benefits of investment in early childhood development. Any such interventions must make sure to address the needs of adolescent and young adult parents. This study explored the social and demographic maternal variables associated with risk of early childhood development (ECD) delay for children of young mothers in Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional secondary data analysis was done using data from young mothers (aged 13–24) and their children (aged 0–2), collected from community health centers in Brasília, Brazil, between 2017–2018. The Denver Developmental Screening Test II was used to assess risk of ECD delay outcomes. Descriptive analyses were conducted across the full sample and sub-groups of adolescent (13–19) and young adult (20–24) mothers. Multivariable logistic regressions based on theory modelling approach were conducted for the full sample to examine the associations between maternal age and risk of ECD delay, adjusted for a battery of household, maternal, pregnancy, and infant variables. Results Risk of ECD delay was found in 17.39% (N = 76) of the children who participated (N = 437). No significant differences in risk of ECD delay were found for children of adolescent mothers compared to children of young adult mothers. Across the full sample, 60.36% (N = 236) of mothers were living in poverty, 73.17% (N = 319) had 9 or more years of education, and 86.14% (N = 373) were not working outside the home at time of data collection. Furthermore, 90.11% (N = 392) did not identify as head of their household and 73.68% (N = 322) were primiparous. Socially-mediated factors such as lower maternal educational attainment, unemployment, and lack of household support were associated with increased risk of ECD delays for children under age 2. Adjusted logistic regression identified multiparity as an independent maternal factor associated with increased risk of ECD delay (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.23–5.13). Conclusions Multiparity was the only independent maternal factor associated with ECD delay among children under 2 years old. Other socio-demographic factors relevant to young mothers may influence ECD delays. Ensuring sustained, concurrent attention to children’s and young parent’s developmental needs may improve multi-generational health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Kofke
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Gabriela Buccini
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Public Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
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Hagaman A, LeMasters K, Zivich PN, Sikander S, Bates LM, Bhalotra S, Chung EO, Zaidi A, Maselko J. Longitudinal effects of perinatal social support on maternal depression: a marginal structural modelling approach. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:936-943. [PMID: 33712512 PMCID: PMC8434957 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in the perinatal period, during pregnancy or within 1 year of childbirth, imposes a high burden on women with rippling effects through her and her child's life course. Social support may be an important protective factor, but the complex bidirectional relationship with depression, alongside a paucity of longitudinal explorations, leaves much unknown about critical windows of social support exposure across the perinatal period and causal impacts on future depressive episodes. METHODS This study leverages marginal structural models to evaluate associations between longitudinal patterns of perinatal social support and subsequent maternal depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum. In a cohort of women in rural Pakistan (n=780), recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy and followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum, we assessed social support using two well-validated measures: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Maternal Social Support Index (MSSI). Major depressive disorder was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV). RESULTS High and sustained scores on the MSPSS through the perinatal period were associated with a decreased risk of depression at 12 months postpartum (0.35, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.63). Evidence suggests the recency of support also matters, but estimates are imprecise. We did not find evidence of a protective effect for support based on the MSSI. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the protective effect of sustained social support, particularly emotional support, on perinatal depression. Interventions targeting, leveraging and maintaining this type of support may be particularly important for reducing postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hagaman
- Social Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul N Zivich
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Siham Sikander
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Global Health Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lisa M Bates
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sonia Bhalotra
- Department of Economics, University of Warwick, UK, Coventry, Warwickshire, UK
| | - Esther O Chung
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmed Zaidi
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Patel K, Cortright L, Tumin D, Kohler JA. Fathers' Visitation of Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the First Week of Life. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:909-913. [PMID: 31910462 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The perceived fragility of extremely preterm neonates may deter paternal visitation early during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between paternal visitation of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in our NICU and sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN We identified inborn VLBW infants admitted to our NICU from 2017 to 2018. The rate of visit days in the first week of life was analyzed using Spearman's correlation and Poisson's regression. RESULTS The analysis included 292 infants (median gestational age [GA]: 29 weeks), with fathers present on a median of 3 days of the first week of life. GA was not correlated with visitation (rho = -0.04). On multivariable regression, fathers visited less frequently if they did not live with the mother or if the mother lived 25 to 75 km from the hospital versus < 25 km. CONCLUSION Fathers' visitation in our NICU was constrained by socioeconomic factors rather than VLBW infants' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lindsay Cortright
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Dmitry Tumin
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - John A Kohler
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Oryono A, Iraguha B, Musabende A, Habimana E, Nshimyiryo A, Beck K, Habinshuti P, Wilson K, Itangishaka C, Kirk CM. Father involvement in the care of children born small and sick in Rwanda: Association with children's nutrition and development. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:451-464. [PMID: 33608895 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about father's involvement in the care of children born with perinatal risk factors. This study aimed to understand father's involvement in the care of children born preterm, low birth weight (LBW) and/or with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in rural Rwanda and assess child and home environment factors associated with father involvement. METHODS A cross-sectional study of children born preterm, LBW or with HIE who were discharged from Kirehe District Hospital neonatal unit from May 2015 to April 2016 and those enrolled in a neonatal unit follow-up programme from May 2016 to November 2017. Interviews were conducted when the children were ages 24-47 months in the child's home. Primary caregivers reported on father involvement in parenting, home environment, child disability, and child development outcomes. Children's nutritional status were directly measured. Only children whose fathers were living in the home were included in the sample. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. RESULTS A total of 236 children aged 24-47 months were included in this study, 66.4% were born preterm or LBW with a mean age of 33.3 months. 73.5% of children were at risk of disability and 77.7% had potential delay in overall child development. 15.5% of fathers reported engaging in four or more activities with their child in the last 3 days. Factors associated with father involvement included smaller household size (p = 0.004), mother engaged in decision-making (p = 0.027), being on-track in developmental milestones for problem solving (p = 0.042) and mother's involvement in learning activities (p = 0.043); the number of activities a father engaged in was significantly associated with the child's overall development (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION We found that father involvement in activities to support learning was low amongst children born preterm/LBW and/or with HIE. Programme interventions should encourage fathers to engage with their children given the benefits for children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Oryono
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Rwinkwavu, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn Beck
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Rwinkwavu, Rwanda
| | | | - Kim Wilson
- General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Bennion N, Mulokozi G, Allen E, Fullmer M, Kleinhenz G, Dearden K, Linehan M, Torres S, West J, Crookston B, Hall C. Association between WASH-Related Behaviors and Knowledge with Childhood Diarrhea in Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094681. [PMID: 33924817 PMCID: PMC8124880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Tanzania. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between diarrheal disease and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related behaviors and determine care-seeking predictors for diarrheal disease. METHODS Data from 9996 female primary caregivers were collected as part of a larger integrated nutrition program. Logistic regression was used to measure associations between predictor and dependent variables and diarrheal and care-seeking outcomes. RESULTS Knowledge of the importance of handwashing after assisting a child who has defecated (OR 0.79, CI 0.72-0.87), before preparing food (OR 0.88, CI 0.80-0.97), and before feeding a child (OR 0.89, CI 0.81-0.99) were each associated with not having a child with diarrhea in the past two weeks. Fathers or male caregivers (OR 0.65, CI 0.48-0.89) were less likely to seek medical care for a child with diarrhea. No associations were found between WASH-related knowledge or behavior and seeking medical care for a child with diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that knowledge of handwashing importance was significant in washing hands after assisting a child who has defecated, before preparing food, and prior to feeding a child. These findings demonstrate the value of parental involvement to lower morbidity and mortality among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bennion
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Generose Mulokozi
- IMA World Health, Nyalali Curve, PO Box 9260, Plot 1657, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
| | - Emily Allen
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Margaret Fullmer
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Gwen Kleinhenz
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Kirk Dearden
- IMA World Health, 1730 M St NW #1100, Washington, DC 20036, USA; (K.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Mary Linehan
- IMA World Health, 1730 M St NW #1100, Washington, DC 20036, USA; (K.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Scott Torres
- RTI International, 701 13th St NW #750, Washington, DC 20005, USA;
| | - Joshua West
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Benjamin Crookston
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Cougar Hall
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.A.); (M.F.); (G.K.); (J.W.); (B.C.); (C.H.)
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Kim S, Choe SA, Cho SI. Harmful alcohol use among mothers of under-five child: findings from the Panel Study on Korean Children. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:159. [PMID: 33865391 PMCID: PMC8053270 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Harmful alcohol use in young mothers as a primary caregiver has a profound impact on their own health and interaction with the child. We studied the epidemiology of harmful alcohol use among Korean mothers and their partners of under-five children. Methods We used a longitudinal data of 2,150 Korean mothers of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). We assessed temporal trend and risk factors for harmful alcohol use in mothers using generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. To estimate the impact of maternal harmful alcohol use on the child, the association between neurodevelopment of the child measured by the Korean-Ages & Stages Questionnaire (K-ASQ) and maternal harmful alcohol use was analyzed using GEE and generalized linear mixed model. We included mother’s age, education, preterm, year of the survey and time-varying covariates (including maternal working status, monthly household income, plan for additional childbirth, psychological stress related with childcare, current smoking, and partner’s harmful alcohol use) in the model.
Results Mean age of mothers at the baseline was 31.3 years. Annual prevalence of harmful alcohol use increased from 0.7% in the 1st year to 2.6% in the 4th year (P for linear trend < 0.001). Prevalence of harmful alcohol use increased by 48% per year among the mothers (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 1.78). Lower education than college or university graduation was associated with higher odds of harmful alcohol use (2.52, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.45). Current smoking (7.44, 95% CI: 3.00, 18.45), harmful use of alcohol of partner (2.66, 95% CI: 1.57, 4.49) were associated with higher risk of harmful alcohol use in mothers. The association between low K-ASQ score and maternal harmful alcohol use was toward positive which did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions In a cohort of Korean mothers participating in the PKSC, risk of harmful alcohol use increases over time and is associated with harmful alcohol use of their partners. We suggest an approach targeting both parents can be more effective in controlling the harmful alcohol use of mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Maciel Portes JR, Vieira ML. COPARENTALIDADE NO CONTEXTO FAMILIAR DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA. PSICOLOGIA EM ESTUDO 2020. [DOI: 10.4025/psicolestud.v25i0.44897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender a percepção de pais e mães com filhos diagnosticados com transtorno do espectro autista, de sua relação coparental. Essa investigação caracteriza-se como de caráter exploratória e descritiva com uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram nove casais, pais (n=9) e mães (n=9) de crianças com TEA com idades entre três a sete anos. Os dados foram coletados em um serviço de atendimento especializado no sul do Brasil. Primeiramente foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e depois foi aplicado com cada membro do casal uma entrevista semiestruturada sobre o relacionamento coparental. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se o método da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A análise dessas entrevistas com os casais permitiu a construção de categorias conforme as dimensões do modelo teórico da estrutura interna e contexto ecológico da coparentalidade de Feinberg. O acordo nas práticas parentais se destacou no discurso dos casais, embora as mães destaquem que os companheiros têm uma tendência de apresentar uma disciplina relaxada com a criança com TEA. A divisão do trabalho evidencia um desequilíbrio de tarefas exercidas pelos membros do casal, o que demonstra um sentimento de estresse nas mães sobre os cuidados do filho. Apesar disso, os cônjuges reconhecem o suporte parental e reconhecem os esforços do(a) companheiro(a) nas atividades parentais com poucos momentos de sabotagem do(a) parceiro(a) e exposição da criança aos conflitos do casal. Ao final são apontadas as limitações dessa pesquisa e levantadas algumas sugestões de futuros estudos na área, bem como as implicações dos resultados para a intervenção.
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Buck CO, Tucker R, Vohr B, McGowan EC. Predictors of Parenting Readiness in Fathers of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Pediatr 2020; 217:192-195.e1. [PMID: 31704051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate discharge readiness perceptions among mother-father dyads, parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit completed a parenting readiness survey. Fathers had more favorable perceptions than their partners. Maternal perceptions and social risk, but not infant morbidities, predicted paternal perceptions. Discharge support should focus on the mother-father dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O Buck
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Richard Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University/Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Betty Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University/Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Elisabeth C McGowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University/Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
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deMontigny F, Gervais C, Pierce T, Lavigne G. Perceived Paternal Involvement, Relationship Satisfaction, Mothers' Mental Health and Parenting Stress: A Multi-Sample Path Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578682. [PMID: 33240130 PMCID: PMC7667046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated the short- and long-term impacts of maternal mental health and well-being on children's emotional and behavioral outcomes. It is thus important to better understand the antecedents of maternal depression and stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether the contribution of perceived paternal involvement to account for mothers' depression and parental stress was mediated by relationship factors such as parenting alliance and dyadic adjustment. A second aim was to determine whether these relationships hold equally true in mothers of infants and young toddlers (0-24 months) and mothers of older children (25 months and older). Cross-sectional data were collected from 447 mothers. Mothers reported on their perceptions of paternal involvement with childcare responsibilities, dyadic adjustment, parenting alliance, parenting stress, and depression. Multi-sample path modeling analyses were conducted. Results revealed that perceived paternal involvement was positively related to both dyadic adjustment and parental alliance, that parenting alliance was negatively related to all three subscales of parenting stress and mothers' depression but that dyadic adjustment was negatively related to parenting distress (one subscale of parenting stress) and mothers' depression. Results from the multi-sample analyses indicated that the pattern of relationships was the same in the two groups, but that the model was not invariant. The most notable difference was that parenting alliance did not significantly account for depression in the mothers of younger children. Correlates of maternal mental health and well-being identified in this study could be useful when designing psychological interventions for mothers and fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine deMontigny
- Laboratory at the Heart of Families, Department of Nursing Science, Center of Research and Studies in Family Intervention, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Gervais
- Laboratory at the Heart of Families, Department of Nursing Science, Center of Research and Studies in Family Intervention, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Tamarha Pierce
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Center of Research and Studies in Family Intervention, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
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Tedgård E, Tedgård U, Råstam M, Johansson BA. Parenting stress and its correlates in an infant mental health unit: a cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:30-39. [PMID: 31553257 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1667428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: An infant's development is closely linked to the relationship they have with their parents. Parenting stress, affective disorder, and an upbringing with substance-abusing parents can affect parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing behavioral, mental and social problems. The overall aim of the study was to investigate how parents of children attending an outpatient Infant Mental Health (IMH) unit rate their own psychological health and parenting stress, and to explore predictors of parenting stress.Methods: The sample comprised 197 parents, 129 mothers and 68 fathers, referred with their infant/toddler to an outpatient IMH unit for interplay treatment. On admission, the parents completed self-report questionnaires concerning their own mental health problems and parenting stress.Results: The mothers reported significantly more psychiatric symptoms and parenting stress than the fathers. Fathers with substance-abusing parents had often experienced divorce in the family of origin, had a low level of education, and had often experienced trauma. Depression was a predictor for parenting stress for both mothers and fathers.Conclusion: The parents' situation was strained, presenting a variety of psychiatric symptoms and high levels of parenting stress, making assessment of parental health before starting treatment important. The mothers' situations were more serious compared with the fathers', and for both parents depression was a significant predictor for parenting stress. To increase the chances of a positive treatment outcome for the child, both parents should be included in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tedgård
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Infant and Toddler Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Tedgård
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Axel Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Inpatient Care, Emergency Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Father involvement in the first year of life: Associations with maternal mental health and child development outcomes in rural Pakistan. Soc Sci Med 2019; 237:112421. [PMID: 31398510 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of fathers to child development and maternal mental health is increasingly acknowledged, although research on this topic outside of high income countries is limited. Using longitudinal data, we characterized father involvement in a rural setting in Pakistan and investigated the link between father involvement in the first year of life and child development and maternal depression. Data come from the Bachpan study, a birth cohort established in the context of a perinatal depression intervention. Father involvement was mother reported at 3 and 12 months postpartum and covered domains such as playing with or soothing the infant. Child outcomes included growth at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum, socioemotional development at 6 months (Ages and Stages Questionnaire-socioemotional), and developmental milestones at 12 months (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, BSID)). Maternal depression was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Roughly 20% of the fathers were temporarily non-resident. Among the rest, most mothers reported that fathers were involved: for example, approximately 40% reported that the father plays with the baby on a typical day. We observed no clear pattern of association between 3-month father involvement and child growth at any time point; however, 12-month father involvement was cross-sectionally inversely associated with child growth. We observed a protective pattern of association between 3-month father involvement and 6-month child socioemotional development. For the BSID domains, while almost all effect estimates suggested a protective association with higher levels of father involvement/father being temporarily non-resident, the magnitude of the estimates was smaller and most 95% confidence intervals crossed the null. Finally, there was a trend toward greater father involvement/being temporary non-resident predicting lower levels of maternal depression. Using longitudinal data, these results provide new evidence about the association between father involvement, and both child development and maternal mental health.
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Yang C, Liu X, Yang Y, Huang X, Song Q, Wang Y, Zhou H. Quality of care and suspected developmental delay among children aged 1-59 months: a cross-sectional study in 8 counties of rural China. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 30704443 PMCID: PMC6354395 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The data about quality of care of more than 70 countries were available from UNICEF but little was known about China. We examined the status about quality of care and explored its associations with developmental outcomes in Chinese children. METHODS A cross-sectional study with probability proportional to size sampling method was conducted in 8 counties of rural China. A total 1927 children were assessed on development status using Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Chinese (ASQ-C) based on Chinese normative data. Nutritional status was derived from the anthropometric method following WHO guidelines. Caregivers were interviewed through household questionnaires from UNICEF's 5th Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to understand the quality of care, including the status of availability of children's books, availability of playthings, support for learning, fathers' support for learning and inadequate care. Moreover, quality of care was explored to be categorized into three levels (poor, medium and good) for overall assessment. Multivariable logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between quality of care and suspected developmental delay (SDD) after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS The proportions of availability of children's books, playthings, support for learning, fathers' support for learning and inadequate care were 36.8, 91.3, 83.1, 16.4 and 4.9%, respectively. When compared to available data of more than 70 countries and areas, the quality of care in rural China was in the middle to upper level. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, multivariable analysis showed that SDD in overall ASQ remained negatively associated with availability of children's books (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64 [1.27-2.12]), playthings (OR and 95% CI: 2.23 [1.52-3.27]) and support for learning (OR and 95% CI: 1.81 [1.06-3.10]). When compared with children under good quality of care, children under medium and poor quality of care had higher prevalence of SDD in overall ASQ (OR and 95% CI: 1.59 [1.21-2.07]; 3.05 [1.96-4.74]). CONCLUSIONS Quality of care in rural China still had scope for improvement. Better quality of care had negative associations with SDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, No. 12 Sanlitun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, No. 12 Sanlitun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Shorey S, Ang L. Experiences, needs, and perceptions of paternal involvement during the first year after their infants' birth: A meta-synthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210388. [PMID: 30615672 PMCID: PMC6322761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fatherhood has evolved in recent decades from ‘a moral teacher’ to ‘an involved father’. However, fatherhood experiences have not been examined in detail. This meta-synthesis aimed to examine fathers’ experiences, needs, and perceptions of their involvement with their infants during the first 12 months of birth. Method Six electronic databases were systematically searched: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, ProQuest (grey literature). The search resulted in 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist. All 13 studies met the appraisal criteria and were included in the meta-synthesis. The findings of the 13 studies were synthesized using the steps of Sandelowski and Barroso in conducting meta-synthesis. Results The 13 included studies comprised studies conducted in the West, Africa, and Asia. Fatherhood experiences differed according to different sociocultural contexts. Three themes were identified: (1) trajectory of the father-infant relationship, (2) reinforcements and hindrances to involvement, and (3) change from self-oriented to family-oriented behavior. Changes in a father’s relationship with his infant were influenced by relationships with his spouse and family members after the birth of the infant. Reinforcements, hindrances, and needs to fathers’ involvement were identified. Fathering responsibility and parenting satisfaction that developed overtime influenced a father’s behavior, changing from self-oriented to family-oriented. Significance This is the first meta-synthesis that examined fathers’ experiences, needs, and perceptions of their involvement with their infants during the first 12 months of birth. Multiple factors were found to influence the socially-defined fathering ideology. Cultural practices of fatherhood and fathers’ own perceptions shaped their actual fathering behaviors. The findings of this study may guide healthcare professionals as frontline personnel to understand fathers’ needs and experiences in order to promote fathers’ involvement in the early days after their infants’ birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Lina Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Buston K. Recruiting, Retaining and Engaging Men in Social Interventions: Lessons for Implementation Focusing on a Prison-based Parenting Intervention for Young Incarcerated Fathers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 24:164-180. [PMID: 29503596 PMCID: PMC5815301 DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2017.1420034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recruiting, retaining and engaging men in social interventions can be challenging. The focus of this paper is the successful implementation of a parenting programme for incarcerated fathers, delivered in a Young Offender Institution (YOI) in Scotland. Reasons for high levels of recruitment, retention and engagement are explored, with barriers identified. A qualitative design was employed using ethnographic approaches including participant observation of the programme, informal interactions, and formal interviews with programme participants, the facilitators and others involved in managing the programme. Framework analysis was conducted on the integrated data set. The prison as the setting for programme delivery was both an opportunity and a challenge. It enabled easy access to participants and required low levels of effort on their part to attend. The creation of a nurturing and safe environment within the prison classroom facilitated engagement: relationships between the facilitators and participants, and between the participants themselves were key to understanding high levels of retention and engagement. The most fundamental challenge to high engagement levels arose from clashes in embedded institutional ways of working, between the host institution and the organisation experienced in delivering such intervention work. This threatened to compromise trust between the participants and the facilitators. Whilst adding specifically to the very sparse literature on reaching incarcerated young fathers and engaging them in parenting work, the findings have transferability to other under-researched areas: the implementation of social interventions generally in the prison setting, and engaging marginalised fathers in parenting/family work in community settings. The paper highlights ways of overcoming some of the challenges faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Buston
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Lee S. Factors Influencing Parenting Stress in Mothers of Preschoolers Born Prematurely. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2017.23.4.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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