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Düken ME, Kaplan V, Almazan J. The association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health of adolescents who exposed to the worst disaster of the century: Extensive data from southeast Turkey. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12449. [PMID: 38403993 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEMS This study was conducted to examine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health status of adolescents exposed to the worst disaster of the century. METHODS This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational. This research was conducted between March 31 and July 1, 2023. The study was conducted with earthquake survivors who migrated from Kahramanmaraş, the epicenter of the earthquake, and Adıyaman and Hatay, the other two cities where it was most effective, to Şanlıurfa. The study was conducted with a total of 947 adolescents. "Personal Information Form," "Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index," and "Symptom Distress Check List- (SCL-90)" were used to collect data. Linear regression method was used in the analysis of the research. Path analysis was performed using PATH analysis. FINDINGS The mean age of the adolescents participating in the study was 16.69 ± 1.41 years. It was found that the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the adolescents was at the pathological level with a mean of 2.36 ± 0.68. Posttraumatic stress reactions of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake was found to explain 97.2% of their mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger-hostility, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms, other problems, and GSI) (p < 0.001). It was found that the age of the adolescents, total number of losses in the earthquake, the time they stayed under the rubble, the time they waited for siblings to be pulled from under the rubble and the state of having loss due to the earthquake explained 74.4% of the posttraumatic stress reactions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, it was found that the adolescents who experienced the earthquake experienced severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also found that adolescents who experienced high levels of trauma symptoms showed pathological mental symptoms. After the earthquake, adolescents should be evaluated periodically in terms of posttraumatic stress symptoms. In the evaluations to be made, it is important to determine how adolescents are affected especially mentally. In this context, interventions should be implemented for the identified mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Düken
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Health Sciences of Faculty, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Veysel Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Health Sciences of Faculty, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Joseph Almazan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Pace CS, Muzi S, Frigerio A, Morganti W, Bianchi V, Rogier G. Twenty years of emotional-behavioral problems of community adolescents living in Italy measured through the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1161917. [PMID: 38146284 PMCID: PMC10749347 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of emotional and behavioral problems among Italian community adolescents in the last 20 years, as assessed through the ASEBA questionnaires CBCL 6-18, YSR 11-18 and TRF 6-18. Research questions address: (1) pooled means of problems' scores in questionnaires scales; (2-3) variations in scores according to sociodemographic and time-related factors, and studies' quality; (4) trends in research with ASEBA instruments along with other outcomes, e.g., psychopathological symptoms. Methods A systematic literature review of Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted on November, 2021, and of grey literature on December, 2021. The quality of studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Forty-four studies were eligible for the systematic review, of which 34 were included for meta-analysis. Results showed that: (1) emotional-behavioral problems were higher when assessed by the CBCL and lower when assessed by the YSR compared to normative data; (2) there were no gender and age differences, except for higher scores of Anxious/Depression symptoms, in girls. (3) internalizing and attention problems increased over the last two decades. (4) major trends of Italian research investigate adolescents' emotional behavioral problems concerning attachment, comorbid symptoms, especially internet addictions, and eating disorders. Discussion Despite some limitations (e.g., low-medium quality of most studies, no data on the TRF, under-representation of some geographical areas, some search-related choices), these data provides Italian practitioners and international researchers of some parameter to evaluate Italian adolescents emotional-behavioral problems. Registered on PROSPERO N. CRD42022299999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Serena Pace
- Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Muzi
- Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frigerio
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Child Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Wanda Morganti
- Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Victoria Bianchi
- Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Guyonne Rogier
- Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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Welzel FD. [Climate Change, Health Literacy and Mental Health]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2023; 50:231-233. [PMID: 37433291 DOI: 10.1055/a-2080-8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska D Welzel
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig
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Saleh A, Keliat BA, Susanti H, Windarwati HD, Rahman F, Sapoan A, Arifuddin F. Children's psychosocial state after the 2018 Lombok earthquake. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2022; 8:147-152. [PMID: 37521898 PMCID: PMC10386807 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current earthquake disaster in Lombok, Indonesia, in July 2018 has caused 564 deaths, and 445.343 were evacuated to refugee camps, including children. Disasters have the potential in resulting short-and long-term effects on the psychological functioning, emotional adjustment, health, and developmental trajectory of children. Nurses play a significant role when a disaster occurs. One of the nurses' roles is to give a traumatic healing intervention to the victims. Objective This study sought to assess children's psychosocial state after the 2018 Lombok earthquake. Methods A total of 189 children from five regencies in Lombok were selected to participate in the study using accidental sampling. Data were collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were used for data analysis. Results The participants consisted of 98 girls (51.9%) and 91 boys (48.1%), with the majority (n = 142 [75.1%]) being from school-aged children. The SDQ results showed that most of the children were at the abnormal stage for difficulties (n = 103 [54.5%]), and most of them were at a normal stage for strength (n = 97 [51.3%]). The cross-tabulation analysis revealed that gender might influence the SDQ score for the strength (p = 0.034), but not for difficulties (p = 0.482). However, age did not have a correlation with SDQ score, either for strength (p = 0.475) or difficulties (p = 0.836), respectively. Conclusion The study found that children in Lombok generally displayed positive behavior and emotional progress after the earthquake. However, some children remained in distress and thus required more observation from parents or other social welfare agencies. This research may help nurses decide on their nursing care for children who experience disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariyanti Saleh
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Budi Anna Keliat
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Herni Susanti
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Heni Dwi Windarwati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Framita Rahman
- Department of Community, Family, and Gerontology, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Sapoan
- Rumah Sakit Jiwa Mutiara Sukma Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
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Report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: implications for the mental health policy of children and adolescents in Europe-a scoping review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:701-713. [PMID: 32845381 PMCID: PMC9142437 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a worldwide challenge. Its consequences do encompass severe threats not only for the existence and somatic health, but also for the mental health of children and adolescents. Mental health can be impaired by three types of consequences. Direct consequences of climate change, such as natural disasters and indirect consequences, such as loss of land, flight and migration, exposure to violence, change of social, ecological, economic or cultural environment. Moreover, the increasing awareness of the existential dimension of climate change in children and adolescents can influence their well-being or challenge their mental health. Consequences of climate change for somatic health may interact with mental health or have psychological sequelae in children and adolescents. Based on the estimates by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we have summarized current data on these differential pathways as to how climate change affects the mental health of children worldwide through selective literature research on Pubmed. Mental health sequelae of direct and indirect consequences of climate change, increased awareness and physical health problems caused by climate change are presented. We give insights into special vulnerabilities of children and adolescents and identify high-risk groups. As the "Fridays for Future" movement has been initiated in northern Europe, we will discuss these results with a focus on children and adolescents in Europe. The results indicate that climate change is a serious threat to children and adolescent mental health. Children´s rights, mental health and climate change should not continue to be seen as separate points; instead, they need to be brought together to address this major challenge determining the future of our children and their descendants.
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Silwal S, Chudal R, Dybdahl R, Sillanmäki L, Lien L, Sourander A. Post-traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal: A Longitudinal Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:430-439. [PMID: 33606131 PMCID: PMC9107405 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies have focused on mental health problems among adolescents after earthquakes. We investigated changes in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal and explored potential risk factors associated with the change in psychiatric symptoms. This study comprised of 515 adolescents, aged 11-17 years from two earthquake-affected areas, one severely affected than the other. The psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the standardized Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. No significant change was observed in the prevalence of PTSS and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the earthquake. Living in severely affected area and exposure to trauma after the earthquake were associated with adolescents who developed chronic or delayed PTSS and depressive symptoms. The study findings highlight the need for disaster preparedness and early interventions that strengthen support at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Silwal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3 / Teutori (3rd. floor), 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ragnhild Dybdahl
- Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet University, Oslo, Norway ,Faculty of Psychology, Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lauri Sillanmäki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway ,Department of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Parental Internalizing Psychopathology and PTSD in Offspring after the 2012 Earthquake in Italy. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100930. [PMID: 34682196 PMCID: PMC8535087 DOI: 10.3390/children8100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in youths after earthquakes, with parental psychopathology among the most significant predictors. This study investigated the contribution and the interactional effects of parental internalizing psychopathology, the severity of exposure to the earthquake, and past traumatic events to predict PTSD in offspring, also testing the reverse pattern. Two years after the 2012 earthquake in Italy, 843 children and adolescents (9-15 years) living in two differently affected areas were administered a questionnaire on traumatic exposure and the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index. Anxiety, depression, and somatization were assessed in 1162 parents through the SCL-90-R. General linear model showed that, for offspring in the high-impact area, predictors of PTSD were earthquake exposure, past trauma, and parental internalizing symptoms, taken individually. An interaction between earthquake exposure and parental depression or anxiety (not somatization) was also found. In the low-impact area, youth PTSD was only predicted by earthquake exposure. The reverse pattern was significant, with parental psychopathology explained by offspring PTSD. Overall, findings support the association between parental and offspring psychopathology after natural disasters, emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in this relationship. Although further research is needed, these results should be carefully considered when developing mental health interventions.
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Cadamuro A, Birtel MD, Di Bernardo GA, Crapolicchio E, Vezzali L, Drury J. Resilience in children in the aftermath of disasters: A systematic review and a new perspective on individual, interpersonal, group, and intergroup level factors. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cadamuro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | | | | | | | - Loris Vezzali
- Faculty of Medicine University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology University of Sussex Brighton UK
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Conti E, Sgandurra G, De Nicola G, Biagioni T, Boldrini S, Bonaventura E, Buchignani B, Della Vecchia S, Falcone F, Fedi C, Gazzillo M, Marinella G, Mazzullo C, Micomonaco J, Pantalone G, Salvati A, Sesso G, Simonelli V, Tolomei G, Troiano I, Cioni G, Masi G, Muratori F, Milone A, Battini R. Behavioural and Emotional Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in an Italian Paediatric Population with Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120918. [PMID: 33260987 PMCID: PMC7760933 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
On 11 March 2020, a national lockdown was imposed by the Italian government to contain the spread of COVID19 disease. This is an observational longitudinal study conducted at Fondazione Stella Maris (FSM), Italy to investigate lockdown-related emotional and behavioural changes in paediatric neuropsychiatric population. Families having children (1.5-18 years) with neuropsychiatric disorders referred to FSM have been contacted and proposed to fulfil two online questionnaires (General questionnaire and Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL)) to (i) compare (paired two-sample t-tests) the CBCL scores during lockdown with previous ones, and (ii) investigate the influence (multiple linear regression models) of variables such as age, diagnosis grouping (neurological, neurodevelopmental, emotional, and behavioural disorders) and financial hardship. One hundred and forty-one parents fulfilled the questionnaires. Anxiety and somatic problems increased in 1.5-5 years subpopulation, while obsessive-compulsive, post-traumatic and thought problems increased in 6-18 years subpopulation. In the regression models, younger age in the 1.5-5 years subpopulation resulted as "protective" while financial hardship experienced by families during lockdown was related to psychiatric symptoms increasing in the 6-18 years subpopulation. Some considerations, based on first clinical impressions, are provided in text together with comments in relation to previous and emerging literature on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Conti
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Sgandurra
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | | | - Tommaso Biagioni
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Silvia Boldrini
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Bianca Buchignani
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Francesca Falcone
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Caterina Fedi
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Marisa Gazzillo
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Gemma Marinella
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Cristina Mazzullo
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Jessica Micomonaco
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Gloria Pantalone
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Andrea Salvati
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Gianluca Sesso
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Valerio Simonelli
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Greta Tolomei
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Irene Troiano
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-050-886-299 (A.M.)
| | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.B.); (S.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (S.D.V.); (F.F.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.); (G.T.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-050-886-299 (A.M.)
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Post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents 2 years after the 2012 earthquake in Italy: an epidemiological cross-sectional study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:227-238. [PMID: 31302773 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the occurrence of several earthquakes, only a few studies were conducted in Italy on the psychological impact in children and adolescents, with data mostly collected within one year after the disaster. This cross-sectional study aimed at exploring the prevalence of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional/behavioral difficulties, as well as at identifying their main predictors, among youths 2 years after the earthquake that hit Northern Italy in 2012. 682 children and adolescents (9-14 years) living in two districts (earthquake zone vs control zone) were administered an exposure questionnaire, the UCLA PTSD-Index for DSM-IV, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and 1162 parents were assessed through the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The prevalence of a likely PTSD in the earthquake zone was 1.9% (4.4% near the epicenter) and the total PTSD score in the affected area was significantly higher than in the control zone. 14.9% of youths living in the earthquake zone had a borderline/abnormal SDQ total difficulties score and 87.5% of youth with a likely PTSD also had a SDQ total score in the borderline/abnormal range. Regression analysis showed that the number of lifetime traumatic events (e.g., death of a relative) was the best predictor of children/adolescents psychological difficulties 2 years after the earthquake, followed by severity of exposure (personal injuries and losses) and parental psychopathology. Despite some limitations, this study highlights that youths may exhibit PTSD symptoms years after disasters, often in comorbidity with behavioral/emotional difficulties, stressing the need for long-term surveillance and interventions in exposed populations.
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Honda Y, Fujiwara T, Yagi J, Homma H, Mashiko H, Nagao K, Okuyama M, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M. Long-Term Impact of Parental Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Mental Health of Their Offspring After the Great East Japan Earthquake. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:496. [PMID: 31404309 PMCID: PMC6675868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies of the long-term psychological impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) on parents and their children have been limited. The current study aimed to monitor parents' post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and behavioral problems among their children over time and to analyze their long-term associations among the survivors of the GEJE. We used data from the GEJE Follow-up for Children study, which recruited 4- to 6-year-old children and those children's parents immediately after the GEJE in March 2011, with ongoing follow-up. Children's total, internalizing, and externalizing behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and parental probable PTSD was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-R (IES-R), in 2012 (baseline) and 2014 (follow-up). Parental PTSD symptoms and children's behavioral problems declined slightly over time, and both showed a significant correlation between the surveys (r = 0.55-0.77, P < 0.001). The association between parental PTSD symptoms and children's behavioral problems was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for baseline children's behavioral problems and other potential confounders. Cross-sectionally, while no significant association was detected in 2012, all types of children's behavioral problems exhibited significant positive associations with parental PTSD symptoms in multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.03, 3.30, and 5.34 for total, internalizing, and externalizing behavior problems, respectively. Maternal educational attainment level (higher than high school education) showed a significant negative association with children's total and externalizing behavioral problems (AOR = 0.30 and 0.13, respectively) in 2014. Longitudinally, parental PTSD symptoms in 2012 showed a significant association with children's internalizing behavioral problems in 2014 after adjusting for children's behavioral problems in 2012 and parental PTSD symptoms in 2014 (AOR = 4.62). These results suggest that the effect of the GEJE on parental PTSD symptoms and children's behavioral problems was long-term, lasting for at least 3 years. These possibilities should be carefully considered in mental health support for parents and their offspring in areas affected by the GEJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Honda
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Yagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makiko Okuyama
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ono-Kihara
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kihara
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Schwind JS, Formby CB, Santangelo SL, Norman SA, Brown R, Hoffman Frances R, Koss E, Karmacharya D. Earthquake exposures and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents from Phulpingdanda village, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:54. [PMID: 30598695 PMCID: PMC6300918 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-018-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health issues can reach epidemic proportions in developed countries after natural disasters, but research is needed to better understand the impact on children and adolescents in developing nations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the relationship between earthquake exposures and depression, PTSD, and resilience among children and adolescents in Phulpingdanda village in Nepal, 1 year after the 2015 earthquakes, using the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Child PTSD Symptom Scale, and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure, respectively. To quantify exposure, a basic demographic and household questionnaire, including an earthquake exposure assessment tool for children and adolescents, was created. RESULTS Of the 62 respondents interviewed, 3.23% and 4.84% displayed symptomatology of depression and PTSD. A large number of respondents interviewed scored high for resiliency (80.65%). All 62 respondents were displaced from their household and witnessed severe damage of both their homes and village. The number of earthquake exposures had a strong, positive correlation with PTSD symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of respondents who showed signs of depression and PTSD symptomatology was lower than anticipated, resilience scores were considerably higher. Future research should explore which protective factors may contribute to high resiliency in Nepali children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Schwind
- 0000 0001 0657 525Xgrid.256302.0Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, Georgia 30460 USA ,0000 0001 2284 9329grid.410427.4Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Clara B. Formby
- 0000 0001 2284 9329grid.410427.4Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Susan L. Santangelo
- 0000 0004 0433 3945grid.416311.0Maine Medical Research Institute, 509 Forest Ave, Suite 200B, Portland, ME 04101 USA ,0000 0000 8934 4045grid.67033.31Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Norman
- 0000 0001 2284 9329grid.410427.4Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Rebecca Brown
- St. Joseph’s College of Maine, 278 Whites Bridge Road, Standish, ME 04084 USA
| | - Rebecca Hoffman Frances
- 0000 0000 8934 4045grid.67033.31Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 USA ,Maine Behavioral Healthcare, 165 Lancaster Street, Portland, ME 04101 USA
| | | | - Dibesh Karmacharya
- grid.428196.0Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, GPO Box 21049, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Silwal S, Dybdahl R, Chudal R, Sourander A, Lien L. Psychiatric symptoms experienced by adolescents in Nepal following the 2015 earthquakes. J Affect Disord 2018; 234:239-246. [PMID: 29549825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, Nepal was hit by two major earthquakes, which caused 8900 deaths and displaced more than 450,000 people. We assessed the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms and explored potential risk factors among adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 893 students aged 11-17 in school grades 7-10. They lived in two districts affected by the earthquakes: Sindhupalchok and Kathmandu. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using Child PTSD symptom scale and Depression Self-Rating Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined the associations between demographic, earthquake-related factors and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSS in the Sindhupalchok and Kathmandu districts were 39.5% and 10.7%, and depression symptoms were 40.4% and 23.2% respectively. The moderating effect of gender on the relationship between age and PTSS was significant. In the multivariate logistic analyses, the factors associated with PTSS and depression were: being female, prior exposure to trauma and being directly affected by the earthquakes. LIMITATIONS Due to the lack of pre-earthquake prevalence rates, our estimates may have been due to chronic long-lasting problems of poverty and lack of access to physical and mental health services. The use of self-reported questionnaires might have overestimated the prevalence rates compared to psychiatric interviews. CONCLUSIONS One year after the earthquakes, adolescents living in Sindhupalchok had a higher prevalence of PTSS and depressive symptoms than those living in Kathmandu. Socio-economic and earthquake-related factors were associated with psychiatric outcomes. The findings indicate the need for early psychosocial interventions, prevention and future research after emergency relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Silwal
- Univeristy of Turku, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ragnhild Dybdahl
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Univeristy of Turku, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Turku, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Univeristy of Turku, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway; Department of public health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Lee MS, Bhang SY. Assessment Tools for the Mental Health of School-Aged Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disaster: A Systematic Review (1988-2015). Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2018; 29:88-100. [PMID: 32595301 PMCID: PMC7289459 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating psychosocial factors affecting children exposed to disasters. Methods In total, 140 studies were retrieved. The studies were published from 1988 to 2015. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched. Each database was searched using the following terms: 'Child,' 'Adolescent,' 'Youth,' 'Disaster,' 'Posttraumatic,' 'Psychosocial,' 'Assessment,' 'Evaluation,' and 'Screening.' The identified studies were subjected to data extraction and appraisal. Results The database search identified 713 articles. Based on the titles and abstracts, the full texts of 118 articles were obtained. The findings of this review can be used as a basis for the design of a psychosocial evaluation tool for disaster preparedness. Conclusion Given the paramount importance of post-disaster evaluation and the weaknesses of current disaster evaluation tools, the need to develop valid and reliable tools and psychometric evaluations cannot be overstated. Our findings provide current evidence supporting various assessments in children, who are very vulnerable psychologically following disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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International Adoption of Children Surviving the Haitian Earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:450-454. [PMID: 29056100 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate resilience and frequency of behavioral symptoms in Haitian children internationally adopted before and after the earthquake of January 12, 2010. METHODS We conducted a retrospective quantitative study in 40 Haitian children. Families were also asked to participate in a qualitative study (individual interview at 18-24 months after the earthquake) and to complete State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and STAI for children (STAI-C) questionnaires. RESULTS Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in the group who experienced the earthquake (n=22) and in the group who did not (n=18). The families of 30 adoptees were interviewed. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the STAI (P=0.53) and STAI-C (P=0.75) or for the frequency of behavioral problems. Plenary adoption was pronounced for 84.6% and 33.3% of the children adopted in the pre- and post-earthquake group, respectively (P=0.02). Children rarely talked about the experience of the earthquake, which, by contrast, was a stressful experience for the adoptive families. CONCLUSIONS Haitian children adopted after the earthquake did not express more stress or behavioral problems than those adopted before it. However, the possibility of a resurgence of mental disorders after age 10 should be borne in mind. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:450-454).
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Web-Based Supportive Psychotherapy to Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross Sectional Study on the Iranian National Under-14 Girls’ Football Team After Nepal Earthquake in 2015. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Children of Kathmandu 1 Year After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:486-492. [PMID: 28831950 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2015 earthquake in Nepal affected the country in terms of economy, and by causing damage and stress reactions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine individual child- and family-level predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Kathmandu district 15 months after the earthquake. Multistage cluster sampling was adopted to collect 800 earthquake-affected children aged 7-16 years and a face-to-face interview was conducted. Trauma exposure questionnaire and Child PTSD Symptoms Scale were used for assessment of the level of exposure and PTSD symptoms. Multilevel generalized linear regression analysis was used to explore individual and family-level predictors. RESULTS Among the children, 51% had moderate-to-severe PTSD symptoms. Children of school age (adjusted odds ratio=2.83 [1.45-5.49]), those attending lower-secondary school (2.26 [1.21-4.21]), those having a higher exposure to the severity of the earthquake, and those with low psychosocial acuity [1.70 (1.10-2.60)] were more likely to have more severe PTSD symptoms compared with those who were adolescents and in higher-secondary school, whereas children from a family living in an urban (0.33 [0.19-0.59]) setting and following Hindu religion (0.31 [0.16-0.60]) were less likely to have PTSD symptoms compared with children from suburban areas and those following Buddhist religion. CONCLUSION PTSD symptoms were prevalent among children of Nepal more than a year following the earthquake. Family-level indicators cannot be excluded when studying children's trauma reactions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:486-492).
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and other mental disorders in the general population after Lorca's earthquakes, 2011 (Murcia, Spain): A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179690. [PMID: 28723949 PMCID: PMC5516965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and to examine differences in risk among those with and without a lifetime history prior to a moderate magnitude earthquake that took place in Lorca (Murcia, Spain) at roughly the mid-point (on May 11, 2011) of the time interval in which a regional epidemiological survey was already being carried out (June 2010 -May 2012). METHODS The PEGASUS-Murcia project is a cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adults in Murcia. Main outcome measures are prevalence and severity of anxiety, mood, impulse and substance disorders in the 12 months previous to the survey, assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Sociodemographic variables, prior history of any mental disorder and earthquake-related stressors were entered as independent variables in a logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS A total number of 412 participants (response rate: 71%) were interviewed. Significant differences in 12-month prevalence of mental disorders were found in Lorca compared to the rest of Murcia for any (12.8% vs 16.8%), PTSD (3.6% vs 0.5%) and other anxiety disorders (5.3% vs 9.2%) (p≤ 0.05 for all). No differences were found for 12-month prevalence of any mood or any substance disorder. The two major predictors for developing a 12-month post-earthquake mental disorder were a prior mental disorder and the level of exposure. Other risk factors included female sex and low-average income. CONCLUSIONS PTSD and other mental disorders are commonly associated with earthquake disasters. Prior mental disorders and the level of exposure to the earthquakes are the most important for the development of a consequent mental disorder and this recognition may help to identify those individuals that may most benefit from specific therapeutic intervention.
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Chui CHK, Ran MS, Li RH, Fan M, Zhang Z, Li YH, Ou GJ, Jiang Z, Tong YZ, Fang DZ. Predictive factors of depression symptoms among adolescents in the 18-month follow-up after Wenchuan earthquake in China. J Ment Health 2017; 26:36-42. [PMID: 28079406 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1276542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear about the change and risk factors of depression among adolescent survivors after earthquake. AIMS This study aimed to explore the change of depression, and identify the predictive factors of depression among adolescent survivors after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. METHODS The depression among high school students at 6, 12 and 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used in this study to assess the severity of depression. RESULTS Subjects included 548 student survivors in an affected high school. The rates of depression among the adolescent survivors at 6-, 12- and 18-month after the earthquake were 27.3%, 42.9% and 33.3%, respectively, for males, and 42.9%, 61.9% and 53.4%, respectively, for females. Depression symptoms, trauma-related self-injury, suicidal ideation and PTSD symptoms at the 6-month follow-up were significant predictive factors for depression at the 18-month time interval following the earthquake. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for considering disaster-related psychological sequela and risk factors of depression symptoms in the planning and implementation of mental health services. Long-term mental and psychological supports for victims of natural disasters are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl H K Chui
- a Department of Social Work and Social Administration , Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- a Department of Social Work and Social Administration , Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Rong-Hui Li
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
| | - Mei Fan
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
| | - Zhen Zhang
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
| | - Yuan-Hao Li
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
| | - Guo Jing Ou
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
| | - Zhe Jiang
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
| | - Yu-Zhen Tong
- c West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Ding-Zhi Fang
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , and
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The 2015 Nepal Earthquake(s): Lessons Learned From the Disability and Rehabilitation Sector's Preparation for, and Response to, Natural Disasters. Phys Ther 2016; 96:1714-1723. [PMID: 27277496 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of natural disasters appears to be mounting at an alarming rate, and the degree to which people are surviving such traumatic events also is increasing. Postdisaster survival often triggers increases in population and individual disability-related outcomes in the form of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, all of which have an important impact on the individual, his or her family, and their community. The increase in postdisaster disability-related outcomes has provided a rationale for the increased role of the disability and rehabilitation sector's involvement in emergency response, including physical therapists. A recent major earthquake that has drawn the world's attention occurred in the spring of 2015 in Nepal. The response of the local and international communities was large and significant, and although the collection of complex health and disability issues have yet to be fully resolved, there has been a series of important lessons learned from the 2015 Nepal earthquake(s). This perspective article outlines lessons learned from Nepal that can be applied to future disasters to reduce overall disability-related outcomes and more fully integrate rehabilitation in preparation and planning. First, information is presented on disasters in general, and then information is presented that focuses on the earthquake(s) in Nepal. Next, field experience in Nepal before, during, and after the earthquake is described, and actions that can and should be adopted prior to disasters as part of disability preparedness planning are examined. Then, the emerging roles of rehabilitation providers such as physical therapists during the immediate and postdisaster recovery phases are discussed. Finally, approaches are suggested that can be adopted to "build back better" for, and with, people with disabilities in postdisaster settings such as Nepal.
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Liberty K, Tarren-Sweeney M, Macfarlane S, Basu A, Reid J. Behavior Problems and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children Beginning School: A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Earthquake Groups. PLOS CURRENTS 2016; 8:ecurrents.dis.2821c82fbc27d0c2aa9e00cff532b402. [PMID: 28503358 PMCID: PMC5419821 DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.2821c82fbc27d0c2aa9e00cff532b402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature reviews caution that estimating the effects of disasters on the behavior of children following a disaster is difficult without baseline information and few studies report the effects of earthquakes on young children. In addition the relationship between age at the time of disaster and consequential behavior problems have not been reported for young children who experience disaster-related stress during a developmentally sensitive period. METHODS Behavior problems and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS) were reported for two groups of children from nearby neighborhoods during their first term at school, using the Behavior Problem Index by teacher report, following approved informed consent procedures. Data on one group, "Pre-EQ" (N=297), was collected four years before the beginning of the earthquakes on children born 2001-2002. Data on the second group, "Post-EQ" (N=212), was collected approximately three to four years after the beginning of the earthquakes on children born 2007-2009 and living in heavily damaged neighborhoods. The Post-EQ group had significantly more children from high socioeconomic neighborhoods but no other significant differences on main demographic characteristics. RESULTS The mean behavior problem score was significantly higher in the Post-EQ group (Mean =6.11) as compared to the Pre-EQ group (Mean = 3.78). PTS symptoms were also significantly higher in the Post-EQ group (Mean =2.91) as compared to the Pre-EQ group (Mean=1.98) and more children had high PTS scores (20.9% v. 8.8%, OR= 2.73, 95%CI =1.57, 4.76). Model testing identified that a younger age at the time of exposure was the only significant predictor of high numbers of PTS symptoms in the Post-EQ group. Discussion: Rates of teacher-reported behavior problems in young children more than doubled following the Christchurch earthquakes. Younger children may be more vulnerable to the effects of earthquakes that occur during a developmentally sensitive period. Additional research is needed to consider the effects of age and duration of disaster effects to better understand the effects of disasters on children, their families and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Liberty
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael Tarren-Sweeney
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sonja Macfarlane
- Te Oranga School of Human Development & Movement Studies / Te Kura Toi Tangata Faculty of Education, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Arindam Basu
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James Reid
- Deptartment of General Practice and Rural Health. Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Guo W, Xue JM, Shao D, Long ZT, Cao FL. Effect of the interplay between trauma severity and trait neuroticism on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents exposed to a pipeline explosion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120493. [PMID: 25793606 PMCID: PMC4368575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While numerous studies have explored relevant factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, there have been few joint investigations of trauma severity and trait neuroticism on the development of PTSD symptoms. This study aims to assess the involvement and interrelationship of trauma severity and neuroticism in the expression of PTSD symptoms among adolescents exposed to an accidental explosion. Methods Six hundred and sixty-two adolescents were recruited from a junior middle school closest to the 2013 pipeline explosion site in China and were assessed using the Explosion Exposure Questionnaire, the NEO Five Factor Inventory-Neuroticism Subscale (FFI-N), and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C). A battery of hierarchical multiple regression analyses and two-way ANOVAs were performed to examine the effect of trauma severity and trait neuroticism on adolescent PTSD symptoms. Results Eighty-seven adolescents (13.1%) showed PTSD symptoms after the pipeline explosion. Correlation analysis showed that all the factors of explosion exposure and trait neuroticism were positively associated with adolescent PTSD symptoms. Being male and younger was linked to lower risk for PTSD symptoms. The regression models identified explosion exposure and neuroticism as independent risk factors for PTSD symptoms, and the interactions between trait neuroticism and trauma exposure (personal casualty, degree of influence, total traumatic severity) were related to PTSD symptoms. Conclusions The results highlight the role of trauma exposure and trait neuroticism as risk factors for PTSD symptoms. Therefore, the combination of these two factors should be investigated in clinical settings due to an augmented risk for more severe PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Mei Xue
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Shao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou-Ting Long
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Cao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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