1
|
Martins JS, McAllister S, da Conceição Matos L, Pereira N, dos Santos FBA, Edwards R. Smoking Among High School Students in Dili, Timor-Leste: Prevalence, Potential Determinants and Opportunities for Prevention and Control. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:342-350. [PMID: 37148123 PMCID: PMC10387819 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231173743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Smoking initiation is concentrated among young people which strongly influences future smoking prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smoking and other tobacco product use and potential determinants in a cross-sectional survey of 1 121 students aged 13 to 15 years in Dili, Timor-Leste. The prevalence of ever using a tobacco product was 40.4% (males 55.5%; females 23.8%) and of current use was 32.2% (males 45.3%; females 17.9%). In a logistic multivariable regression, factors associated with current use of any tobacco product were being male, ≥US$1 weekly pocket money, parents smoking, exposure at home, and exposure in other locations. The findings suggest that reducing the very high use of tobacco among adolescents in Timor-Leste will require new policy measures, enhanced enforcement of current legislation as well as a focused commitment to targeted smoke-free education campaigns, and community-based health promotion to support parents to quit smoking and not smoke around children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan McAllister
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Livio da Conceição Matos
- School of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e, Díli, Timor Leste
| | - Natalia Pereira
- School of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e, Díli, Timor Leste
| | | | - Richard Edwards
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Minh H, Long KQ, Van Vuong D, Hung NM, Park K, Takeuchi M, Kashiwabara M, Lam NT, Nga PTQ, Anh LP, Van Tuan L, Bao TQ, Anh LDM, Hanh TTT. Tobacco and electronic cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Vietnam between 2013 and 2019: prevalence and associated factors. Glob Health Action 2022; 15:2114616. [PMID: 36174100 PMCID: PMC9542268 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking among adolescents in schools is a major global public health concern. There is limited evidence regarding prevalence and associated factors in Vietnam. Objective To compare the prevalence of smoking and associated factors among in-school adolescents aged 13–17 years in Vietnam between 2013 and 2019. Methods Data were collected from two rounds of the national representative Vietnam Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2013 (n = 3,331) and 2019 (n = 7,690). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with tobacco and electronic cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents. Results There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of current smoking (water pipes and cigarettes) from 5.4% (95% CI: 4.0–7.2) in 2013 to 2.8% (95% CI: 2.2–3.6) in 2019. In 2019, 2.6% of the in-school adolescents reported having used electronic cigarette products 30 days prior to the survey. Factors associated with a significantly higher likelihood of current smoking status included gender, loneliness, suicidal ideation, sexual activity, truancy, and alcohol consumption. Similar patterns were observed for e-cigarettes. Conclusion Smoking among in-school adolescents in Vietnam decreased between 2013 and 2019. Follow-up studies are needed to further investigate causal factors so that future policies and communication programmes can be more effectively targeted to reduce smoking in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Do Van Vuong
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Kidong Park
- Data, Strategy and Innovation, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Momoe Takeuchi
- Country Liaison Officer, World Health Organization Office for Northern Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau
| | - Mina Kashiwabara
- Non-Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Division of Pacific Technical Support
| | - Nguyen Tuan Lam
- Universal Health Coverage - Healthy Lifestyle and Environment, World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Quynh Nga
- Universal Health Coverage - Healthy Lifestyle and Environment, World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Phuong Anh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, Harvard University, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Le Van Tuan
- Physical Education Department, Ministry of Education and Training, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Quoc Bao
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Satpathy N, Jena PK, Epari V. Gender dimensions of youth vulnerability toward access to cigarettes in South-East Asia: Evidence from global youth tobacco survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:976440. [PMID: 36438271 PMCID: PMC9687093 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.976440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Youths are lured to smoking to make them tobacco customers. Limiting access to tobacco products by youths is a proven strategy to reduce youth tobacco use. This study aimed to examine the burden of cigarette smoking and access to tobacco by youth in South-East Asia (SEA). Methods The burden along with the physical (methods of obtaining cigarettes), financial (cigarette affordability by pocket money), and illegal (sale to minors) access to cigarettes among school-going boys and girls were examined by analyzing the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data (2013-2016) from seven SEA member countries. Descriptive statistics using country-specific GYTS sample weight was used to estimate parameters with 95% confidence intervals. Results The proportion of youths reporting cigarette smoking was highest in East Timor [boys: 55.57 % (51.93-59.21) and girls: 11.35% (9.12-13.59)] and lowest in Sri Lanka [boys: 2.96% (2.91-3.0) and girls: 0%]. Smoking prevalence was higher among boys than girls. Smoking among boys and girls was positively correlated (r = 0.849, p = 0.032). The most common method of obtaining cigarettes was "buying it from a store/kiosk/street hawker" and "other sources." Except in Indonesia, financial access was limited for most youths. Financial access had a positive but negligible influence on cigarette smoking. Despite legal restrictions on sales to minors, students could obtain cigarettes from vendors. Conclusion Contextual cigarette smoking and access to cigarettes by youths despite the legal ban and unaffordability is a concern. Country-specific socio-cultural-economic and legal dimensions need to be examined to limit cigarette use among youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Satpathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Jena
- School of Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Venkatarao Epari
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,*Correspondence: Venkatarao Epari
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Foon LW, Cheah YK. Exploring factors associated with the use of tobacco and smokeless tobacco in Timor-Leste. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1952491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung Wei Foon
- Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kang Cheah
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Darul Aman, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kishun J, Kumar A, Singh U, Kumar S. Comparison of common predictors of current cigarette smoking among adolescents: Across South East Asian countries. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
|
6
|
Shaikh MA, Zare Z, Ng KW, Celedonia KL, Lowery Wilson M. Tobacco Use and Parental Monitoring-Observations from Three Diverse Island Nations-Cook Islands, Curaçao, and East Timor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207360. [PMID: 33050181 PMCID: PMC7601185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use among adolescents is a global problem of public health importance. This study examined the profile of differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use, and the role of parental monitoring activities among adolescents in three island nations of varying economic status: Cook Islands, Curaçao, and East Timor. Using nationally representative data we conducted regression modeling to determine the effect of four types of parental monitoring activities on tobacco use. Within a recall period of 30 days prior to being surveyed, 29.7% of students in East Timor, 21.6% in Cook Islands, and 13.1% in Curaçao reported having smoked cigarettes and/or used tobacco in other forms during 1 or more days during the preceding 30 days. Lower rates of parental monitoring as measured by four variables (parental understanding of problems and worries; knowing about how free time was being spent; going over things without approval; and checking to see if homework was done) were associated with higher percentages of adolescent tobacco use. Taken together the results underscore the need for increased parental involvement in programs which are designed to reduce tobacco use among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ali Shaikh
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (M.A.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Zahra Zare
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (M.A.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Kwok W. Ng
- School of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karen L. Celedonia
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (M.A.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Michael Lowery Wilson
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (M.A.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.L.C.)
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kodriati N, Hayati EN, Santosa A, Pursell L. Perceived social benefits versus perceived harms of smoking among Indonesian boys aged 12-16 years: A secondary analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:8. [PMID: 32548345 PMCID: PMC7291914 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking among boys has not been prioritised as a gender issue despite its high prevalence worldwide. In Indonesia, steep increases in prevalence have been observed in adolescent boys. This study explored how smoking-related beliefs are associated with smoking among this group. METHODS Data extracted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Indonesia 2014, provided a nationally representative sample of 2729 male students aged 12–16 years. Measures of smoking-related beliefs were derived from eight survey items using principal component analysis. Associations between resulting components and smoking outcomes were modelled using logistic regression. RESULTS Smoking prevalence was found to be almost tripling between ages 12 to 16 years. Smoking-related belief items clustered into two components: perceived social benefits and perceived harms. The four beliefs representing smoking’s perceived social benefits and measures of smokers in the boys’ social circles increased with age while the four beliefs representing smoking’s perceived harms remained stable except an item of safe to smoke for one or two years, which increased with age. The two components of smoking-related beliefs were associated with smoking in opposite ways that represent boys’ masculine tendency for risk-taking and risk minimisation. For example, score increases for perceived benefits were positively associated with susceptibility to future tobacco use (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.3–1.9) but an increased score of perceived harm was negatively associated with susceptibility to future tobacco use (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.7–0.9). CONCLUSIONS Indonesian boys experience a rapid increase in smoking outcomes and smoking reported among their social circle. The sustained high percentage of smoking harms but also increased social benefits are similar to the concept of risk minimisation that is closely related to the masculine tendency to undermine health hazards of tobacco. Therefore, it is important to focus on these highly gender-related issues within the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Kodriati
- School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elli Nur Hayati
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ailiana Santosa
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Pursell
- School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Dahshan A, El Zoghbi M, Chehab MAH, Naja S, Selim NAA. Tobacco use among adolescents in Qatar: Findings from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys 2004-2013. Tob Prev Cessat 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 32411875 PMCID: PMC7205052 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use has become a global health concern. Almost a third of the adolescents of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have reported tobacco use and the percentage is expected to rise in the future, making tobacco consumption a main public health issue among students, 13–15 years old, in the region’s countries. We aimed to conduct an analysis of the previous Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Qatar to detect any significant changes that might inform decision makers on planning policies and interventions accordingly. METHODS This study presents a retrospective data analysis, based on three GYTS conducted in Qatar during 2004, 2007, and 2013. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design and for differential non-response at school, class and student levels, with the exception of the analysis of sociodemographic characteristics. The differences between the proportions were tested by Pearson’s chi-squared test. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 21.0 (Chicago, IL). A p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS There was an overall increase in the prevalence of smoking, the accessibility, and the availability of cigarettes. Additionally, the percentage of participants who desired to stop smoking decreased between 2004 and 2013, while that of students who reported ‘exposure to free tobacco promotion’ was highest in 2013. CONCLUSIONS Despite the effort made by the local authorities in Qatar to reverse the spread or limit the growing tobacco epidemic, there is a need for multidisciplinary interventions through tobacco prevention and control programs targeting youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Al-Dahshan
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad El Zoghbi
- Quality Management Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sarah Naja
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nagah Abdel Aziz Selim
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Community Medicine Residency Program, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|