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Ikayaja EO, Arimoro FO. Organophosphate pesticide residue impact on water quality and changes in macroinvertebrate community in an Afrotropical stream flowing through farmlands. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:489. [PMID: 38689125 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
River Chanchaga has experienced significant agricultural practices around its catchment, which involved the indiscriminate use of pesticides. However, residents of the study area are not well aware of the negative impact of pesticides on water quality and macroinvertebrates. In this study, the first report on the influence of organophosphate pesticide contamination on the abundance of the macroinvertebrate community was provided. Sampling for the determination of organophosphate pesticide residues was carried out during the peak of the two seasons, while macroinvertebrates and physicochemical variables were observed for 6 months. We examined 11 organophosphate pesticide residues using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, 12 water quality variables, and 625 macroinvertebrate individuals. The concentration of recorded organophosphate pesticide residues ranged from 0.01 to 0.52 μg/L. From the Canonical Correspondence Analysis plot, malathion, chlorine, and paraffin show a positive correlation with Unima sp., Hydrocanthus sp., Chironomus sp., and Potadoma sp. At station 3, depth shows a positive correlation with Biomphalaria sp. and Zyxomma sp., indicating poor water quality as most of these macroinvertebrates are indicators of water pollution. Diuron and carbofuran show a negative correlation with Lestes sp. and Pseudocloeon sp., and these are pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates. The total mean concentration of organophosphate pesticide residues was above international drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization except for paraffin, chlorpyrifos, and diuron. In conclusion, the observations recorded from this research are useful in managing pesticide applications around the river catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice O Ikayaja
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria.
| | - Francis O Arimoro
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria
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Zhang H, Huo Q, Jing R, Dong M. Clinical analysis of acute poisoning in children. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:212. [PMID: 38528509 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with acute poisoning were analyzed to provide a reference for preventing poisoning and seeking effective prevention and treatment. METHODS The clinical data of 112 children with acute poisoning admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, were collected and analyzed from different perspectives. RESULTS The majority of acute poisoning cases that occurred in children were in early childhood and preschool age (89 cases, accounting for 79.4%). The most common types of poisoning were pesticide poisoning and drug poisoning, and the main ways of poisoning were accidental administration via the digestive tract and accidental ingestion. Poisoning occurred slightly more in spring and summer all year round, and most children had a good prognosis after timely treatment. CONCLUSION Acute poisoning often occurs in children. Parental education and intensified child supervision are needed to prevent the incidence of unintentional poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39#, Xingfu Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Qin Huo
- Department of General Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital Of Jinan, 50#, Shifan Road, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, 151#, Guangwen Road, Weifang, Kuiwen District, 261000, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Hai Y, Leng G. A more than four-fold sex-specific difference of autism spectrum disorders and the possible contribution of pesticide usage in China 1990-2030. Front Public Health 2022; 10:945172. [PMID: 36187693 PMCID: PMC9525129 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.945172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are prevalent in children and adolescents and disproportionately affect males, and the main contributing factors underlying male vulnerability remain widely unknown. Pesticide use is widely reported to be associated with ASD risk, and the cases of pesticide poisoning incidence in rural areas are remarkably higher than those in the urban areas while the prevalence of ASDs in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas and the rate of male pesticide poisoning was significantly higher than female. Thus, pesticide usage may be an important contributing factor for causing sex-specific differences of ASD incidence. ASD burden was analyzed by using the data of ASD number, ASD rate (ASD cases per 100,000 persons) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019. The changes from 1990 to 2030 were predicted using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) in time series forecasting based on the small values of Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. Finally, the relationship between ASD rate and pesticide usage risk index (PURI) was analyzed via Pearson's correlation coefficient. ASD number, ASD rate and DALYs will be reduced by 45.5% ± 8.2% (t = 9.100 and p = 0.0119), 56.6% ± 10.2% (t = 9.111 and p = 0.0118), and 44.9% ± 7.0% (t = 20.90 and p = 0.0023) from 1990 to 2030 in China. PURI has a strong relationship with ASD rate (rho = 0.953 to 0.988 and p < 0.0001). Pesticide poisoning incidence in males is up to 2-fold higher than that in females. ASD number and DALYs in males are 4-fold higher than those in females. Furthermore, there is growing evidence supporting that males are more susceptible than females to pesticides with sex differences in neurotoxicogenetics. Therefore, pesticide poisoning may be a contributing factor for causing the sex differences of ASD. Much work still needs to be done to confirm that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- International Education College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Yang Hai
| | - Guodong Leng
- College of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Li WJ, Xue CL, Li Z. Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Disease Spectrum of Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801255. [PMID: 35620717 PMCID: PMC9127765 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to analyze the changes in the disease spectrum data of a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Nanjing, China, during the COVID-19 outbreak and explore a feasible plan for the treatment of critically ill children. Methods This retrospective study used data from our PICU from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020. Patient demographics, distribution of disease spectrum, results of etiological examinations, and the PICU length of stay (LOS) were compared during the COVID-19 period (2020) and the previous years (2018 and 2019). Results In 2020, the number of PICU admissions was 46.8 and 47.8% lower than that in 2018 and 2019, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of patients in PICU among different age groups, and these differences were mainly found in children aged <4 years and older than 14 years. The percentage of the number of patients in PICU with respiratory diseases decreased significantly, while those with hematological diseases, poisoning, and rare diseases increased significantly. Moreover, the number of patients with rare diseases increased significantly, while the number of patients with mitochondrial diseases exceeded that of those with autoimmune encephalitis. The PICU LOS in 2020 was higher than that observed in 2018 and 2019, indicating that the changes in the PICU disease spectrum did not directly affect the PICU LOS. Etiological examinations revealed that during the COVID-19 period, the number of patients in PICU with bacterial infections increased, and those with viral infections decreased, although not statistically significant. Conclusions A striking decrease in the number of PICU admissions was observed during the COVID-19 outbreak, which caused a significant change in the PICU disease spectrum. Changes in the number and characteristics of patients admitted to PICUs should be considered for facilitating the effective working of PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Ling Xue
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bulut M, Küçük Alemdar D, Bulut A, Tekin E, Çelikkalkan K. Evaluation of accidental and intentional pediatric poisoning: Retrospective analysis in an emergency Department of Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 63:e44-e49. [PMID: 34782155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood poisoning is one of the leading causes of applications to ED and is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. The characteristics of poisoning may differ by geographic region, season, and the sociocultural aspects of the community and age groups. METHOD Poisoned patients age ≤ 18 years admitted to the ED January 2018-December 2019, were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Of 170 cases, mean age was 7.48 ± 5.54 years. Of the cases, 0-5 years (44.1%), 6-12 years (24.7%), and 13-18 years (31.2%); most were female (58.2%). Causes were accidental (72.9%), intentional (24.1%), and substance use (2.9%). Accidental cases were all patients age 0-5 years, 31.8% of age 6-12 years, and 24.5% of age 13-18 years. Drugs caused 72.9% of cases, primarily analgesics (22.4%), among which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were most common (12.4%). Intentional poisoning by repeated drug intake caused 5.9% of cases. Rat poison caused 7.1% of non-drug cases. Treatment was gastric lavage (52.4%) and oral activated charcoal (45.9%). CONCLUSION As a result of the study, it was determined that accidental drug intake was the most common reason for children to apply to the ED due to acute poisoning in our region. Childhood poisoning can be prevented by measures to be taken by the environment, family, and healthcare professionals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The fact that children's acute poisoning cases are mostly accidental in our region shows that it is important to raise the awareness of parents to reduce acute poisoning and alleviate its negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Bulut
- Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Dilek Küçük Alemdar
- Ordu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Azime Bulut
- Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Tekin
- Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Çelikkalkan
- Giresun Maternity and Pediatric Research and Training Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Giresun, Turkey
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Lykogianni M, Bempelou E, Karamaouna F, Aliferis KA. Do pesticides promote or hinder sustainability in agriculture? The challenge of sustainable use of pesticides in modern agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148625. [PMID: 34247073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture aims to meet the food needs of the growing world population while ensuring minimal impact on the environment and humans as well as productivity. Although pesticides represent the backbone of the agri-food sector in its endeavor to secure food production their application is perceived by many as an obstacle towards the achievement of sustainability; the main concerns are linked with their adverse effects on human health and the environment. Τhis review aims to present the status of chemical plant protection and provide insights into the use of pesticides within the context of sustainable agriculture. It mainly focuses on the strengthened legislation frameworks, which especially in the European Union and the United States of America ensure the placement in the market of pesticides with acceptable toxicological and environmental profiles without compromising crop production. Furthermore, the implementation of Integrated Pest Management principles plays a key role in the sustainable use of pesticides. The stringent regulatory requirements have resulted in the dramatic increase of the associated effort and costs in pesticide research and development (R&D) of improved products. Nevertheless, the investment of leading agrochemical companies in the R&D of new pesticides remains high. All the above set the ground for the sustainable use of pesticides in crop production while their successful application remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Lykogianni
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Efficacy Assessment of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides Assessment and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Attica, Greece.
| | - Eleftheria Bempelou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides Assessment and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Attica, Greece.
| | - Filitsa Karamaouna
- Laboratory of Efficacy Assessment of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides Assessment and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Attica, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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7
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Analysis of drugs and pesticides for forensic purposes using noble metal-modified silica monolith as SALDI-MS substrate. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Safdar M, Afzal KI, Smith Z, Ali F, Zarif P, Baig ZF. Suicide by poisoning in Pakistan: review of regional trends, toxicity and management of commonly used agents in the past three decades. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e114. [PMID: 34134811 PMCID: PMC8240123 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading mental health crises and takes one life every 40 seconds. Four out of every five suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Despite religion being a protective factor against suicide, the estimated number of suicides is rapidly increasing in Pakistan. AIMS Our review focuses on the trends of suicide and means of self-poisoning in the past three decades, and the management of commonly used poisons. METHOD We searched two electronic databases (PubMed and PakMediNet) for published English-language studies describing agents used for suicide in different regions of Pakistan. A total of 46 out of 85 papers (N = 54 747 cases) met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Suicidal behaviour was more common among individuals younger than 30 years. Females comprised 60% of those who attempted suicide in our study sample, although the ratio of completed suicides favoured males. There were regional trends in the choice of agent for overdose. Organophosphate poisoning was reported across the nation, with a predominance of cases from the agricultural belt of South Punjab and interior Sindh. Aluminium phosphide ('wheat pills') was a preferred agent in North Punjab, whereas paraphenylenediamine ('kala pathar') was implicated in deaths by suicide from South Punjab. Urban areas had other means for suicide, including household chemicals, benzodiazepines, kerosene oil and rat poison. CONCLUSIONS Urgent steps are needed, including psychoeducational campaigns on mental health and suicide, staff training, medical resources for prompt treatment of self-poisoning and updated governmental policy to regulate pesticide sales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Safdar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Imran Afzal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoe Smith
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, Illinois, USA
| | - Filza Ali
- Department of Forensic Medicine, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Zarif
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Farooq Baig
- Department of Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Pakistan
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9
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Jia XX, Yao ZY, Gao ZX, Fan ZC. The Role of Suspension Array Technology in Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pollutants: Applications and Future Challenges. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1408-1421. [PMID: 33611988 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1882833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is an important livelihood issue, which has always been focused attention by countries and governments all over the world. As food supply chains are becoming global, food quality control is essential for consumer protection as well as for the food industry. In recent years, a great part of food analysis is carried out using new techniques for rapid detection. As the first biochip technology that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there is an increasing interest in suspension array technology (SAT) for food and environmental analysis with advantages of rapidity, high accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. Therefore, it is important for researchers to understand the development and application of this technology in food industry. Herein, we summarized the principle and composition of SAT and its application in food safety monitoring. The utility of SAT in detection of foodborne microorganisms, residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, genetically modified food and allergens in recent years is elaborated, and the further development direction of SAT is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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10
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Koelmel JP, Lin EZ, Guo P, Zhou J, He J, Chen A, Gao Y, Deng F, Dong H, Liu Y, Cha Y, Fang J, Beecher C, Shi X, Tang S, Godri Pollitt KJ. Exploring the external exposome using wearable passive samplers - The China BAPE study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116228. [PMID: 33360595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures are one of the greatest threats to human health, yet we lack tools to answer simple questions about our exposures: what are our personal exposure profiles and how do they change overtime (external exposome), how toxic are these chemicals, and what are the sources of these exposures? To capture variation in personal exposures to airborne chemicals in the gas and particulate phases and identify exposures which pose the greatest health risk, wearable exposure monitors can be deployed. In this study, we deployed passive air sampler wristbands with 84 healthy participants (aged 60-69 years) as part of the Biomarkers for Air Pollutants Exposure (China BAPE) study. Participants wore the wristband samplers for 3 days each month for five consecutive months. Passive samplers were analyzed using a novel gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry data-processing workflow to overcome the bottleneck of processing large datasets and improve confidence in the resulting identified features. The toxicity of chemicals observed frequently in personal exposures were predicted to identify exposures of potential concern via inhalation route or other routes of airborne contaminant exposure. Three exposures were highlighted based on elevated toxicity: dichlorvos from insecticides (mosquito/malaria control), naphthalene partly from mothballs, and 183 polyaromatic hydrocarbons from multiple sources. Other exposures explored in this study are linked to diet and personal care products, cigarette smoke, sunscreen, and antimicrobial soaps. We highlight the potential for this workflow employing wearable passive samplers for prioritizing chemicals of concern at both the community and individual level, and characterizing sources of exposures for follow up interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jieqiong Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jucong He
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu'e Cha
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | | | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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11
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Dos Santos JCP, Valli JB, Sesse NS, Mackenzie-Ross S, Zandonade E, Ayres LR, Sampaio KN. Sociodemographic characteristics and exposure patterns of pesticide-related cases reported to a poison service center in Brazil between 2012 and 2016. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:494-503. [PMID: 33252014 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1848773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide poisoning is a significant public health problem responsible for an estimated three million poisoning cases per year and more than 250,000 deaths, most of which occur in underdeveloped countries. We evaluated pesticide exposure cases reported to a toxicological service center in Brazil, between 2012 and 2016. There were 3211 cases of pesticide exposure, with a high prevalence in adults aged 20-39 years (41.2%). Attempted suicide was the leading cause of pesticide cases (48%). Occupational exposure to pesticides of agricultural use was more frequently observed among men. Accidental exposure and attempted suicide were more frequently observed in urban areas while occupational exposure was more prevalent in rural areas. A higher exposure rate was observed among men in counties with higher agricultural activities. Establishing prevalence and cause of pesticide exposure is important to provide subsidy for evidence-based interventions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nixon Souza Sesse
- Toxicological Service Center of Espírito Santo (TOXCEN), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sarah Mackenzie-Ross
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Statistical Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rocha Ayres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Karla Nívea Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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12
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Khammanee N, Qiu Y, Kungskulniti N, Bignert A, Meng Y, Zhu Z, Lekew Teffera Z. Presence and Health Risks of Obsolete and Emerging Pesticides in Paddy Rice and Soil from Thailand and China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113786. [PMID: 32471043 PMCID: PMC7312988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been intensively applied in rice paddy field farming to control pest infestation and increase the yield. In this study, we investigated the presence of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in paddy rice and soil from rice plantations in Thailand and China. According to concentration and distribution of OCPs, the most abundant OCPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The OPPs of methidathion, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were common to Thailand and China in both types of samples. The detection frequency of multiple types of these pesticides was greater than 50% of total samples. The relative concentration of some OPPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0083), whereas, no significant difference was observed for the relative concentration of OCPs residues in rice and soil from both countries, except for HCHs (p < 0.05). Bioaccumulation factors of OCPs between rice and soil samples indicated that OCPs and OPPs in soil could accumulate in rice. The carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risks of OCPs and OPPs seem to be in the safe range as recommended by the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranun Khammanee
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (N.K.); (Y.M.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (N.K.); (Y.M.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-0196-7857
| | - Nipapun Kungskulniti
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anders Bignert
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (N.K.); (Y.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (N.K.); (Y.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zebene Lekew Teffera
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
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13
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Sun X, Chen X, Lu J, Tao Y, Zhang L, Dong L. Extracorporeal treatment in children with acute severe poisoning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18086. [PMID: 31764843 PMCID: PMC6882618 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute poisoning in children is a clinical emergency. Prompt and effective treatment is critical for life-threatening poisoning. Extracorporeal treatment (ECTR) is a practical option for enhancing the elimination of poisons.We conducted a retrospective observational study on 338 children with severe acute poisoning who received ECTR during hospitalization from January 2010 to December 2017. The poisonous substances, utilization of ECTR, adverse reactions to ECTR, and outcomes were recorded.The top 3 poisoning categories, in order of frequency, were found to be pesticides (57.99%), biotoxins (25.15%), and pharmaceuticals (14.20%). Paraquat (35.21%), an organic heterocyclic herbicide with high toxicity to humans, was the most common toxic substance. The main modalities of ECTR use were hemoperfusion (50.59%) and therapeutic plasma exchange (42.60%), followed by continuous renal replacement therapy (4.44%) and hemodialysis (1.18%). There were also 4 patients (1.18%) with a combination of ECTR performed. Adverse events of ECTR included errhysis and hematomas around the catheter exit site, oral cavity bleeding, allergic reactions, hypothermia, hypotension, and blood coagulation. The adverse reactions were mostly mild to moderate and were manageable. During the study period, there were 295 patients (87.28%) who were cured, 9 (2.66%) who experienced some improvement, and 34 (10.06%) who died.ECTR modalities were found to be clinically effective approaches to the treatment of poisoning by pesticides, biotoxins, and pharmaceuticals, indicating they are important modalities in toxicology and treatment, and are well tolerated by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Tao
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Dong
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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14
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Kazanasmaz H, Kazanasmaz Ö, Çalık M. Epidemiological and sociocultural assessment of childhood poisonings. Turk J Emerg Med 2019; 19:127-131. [PMID: 31687610 PMCID: PMC6819726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjem.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Poisoning occurring in childhood still continues to be an important public health issue. The aim of the study is to socio-demographically and clinically examine poisoning cases consulted to emergency department. Methods The findings of 121 patients between the ages of 1 month and 17 years consulting to the pediatric emergency department with the suspicion of poisoning were examined retrospectively in the study. Results The mean age of the patients was 6.60 ± 5.70 (min-max: 0–17) years and 49.6% of the patients were male and 50.4% were female. The most common causes of poisoning were corrosive chemicals in 35 patients (28.9%), poisonous animals in 24 patient's (19.8%) and prescription medications in 24 patients (19.8%). While 103 (85.1%) of the cases were exposed to the factor accidently, 18 of the cases (14.9%) had attempted suicide. The mean monthly family income levels of accidently poisoned cases were significantly higher than those who attempted suicide (p < 0.001). The father's education level was lower in cases who were poisoned by suicide attempt than in those who were accidently poisoned (p < 0.001). Conclusion Poisoning rates in childhood and varieties of factors differentiate among the regions. The rate of poisoning cases due to poisonous animals was found to be quite high in the region where this study was carried out. In addition, the study showed that poisoning rates due to suicide attempt in children of families with low income level and/or father's education level have increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Kazanasmaz
- Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kazanasmaz
- Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çalık
- Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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15
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Epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2007 to 2016. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8604. [PMID: 31197201 PMCID: PMC6565669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Jiangsu province and provide a scientific basis for measures for the prevention of pesticide poisoning. Information from pesticide poisoning report cards from 2007 to 2016 was derived from the Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System, and the characteristics of pesticide poisoning patients were assessed via descriptive analysis. A total of 30,789 pesticide poisoning cases were reported in Jiangsu Province. Of these cases, 23,557 were non-occupational poisonings, accounting for 76.5% of the reported cases. There were 1705 deaths from pesticide poisoning, and the fatality rate was 5.5%. Numerous cases occurred in northeast Jiangsu. Pesticide poisoning cases were primarily concentrated in individuals 36-60 years of age. Pesticide poisoning primarily occurred in the summer. The top types of pesticides causing poisoning were organophosphates. The fatality rate of intentional pesticide poisoning was the lowest among the age group of 0 to 14 years, while the highest was noted among people over 61 years. Therefore, pesticide poisoning is a major problem in Jiangsu Province. We need to strengthen the management of highly toxic pesticides and implement effective health education on the use of pesticides.
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16
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Wang L, Wu Y, Yin P, Cheng P, Liu Y, Schwebel DC, Qi J, Ning P, Liu J, Cheng X, Zhou M, Hu G. Poisoning deaths in China, 2006-2016. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 96:314-326A. [PMID: 29875516 PMCID: PMC5985423 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.203943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a comprehensive overview of poisoning mortality patterns in China. Methods Using mortality data from the Chinese national disease surveillance points system, we examined trends in poisoning mortality by intent and substance from 2006 to 2016. Differences over time between urban and rural residents among different age groups and across external causes of poisoning were quantified using negative binomial models for males and females separately. Results In 2016, there were 4936 poisoning deaths in a sample of 84 060 559 people (5.9 per 100 000 people; 95% confidence interval: 5.6–6.2). Age-adjusted poisoning mortality dropped from 9.2 to 5.4 per 100 000 people between 2006 and 2016. Males, rural residents and older adults consistently had higher poisoning mortality than females, urban residents and children or young adults. Most pesticide-related deaths (34 996 out of 39 813) were suicides among persons older than 15 years, although such suicides decreased between 2006 and 2016 (from 6.1 per 100 000 people to 3.6 for males and from 5.8 to 3.0 for females). In 2016, alcohol caused 29.3% (600/2050) of unintentional poisoning deaths in men aged 25–64 years. During the study period, unintentional fatal drug poisoning by narcotics and psychodysleptics in individuals aged 25–44 years increased from 0.4 per 100 000 people to 0.7 for males and from 0.05 to 0.13 for females. Conclusion Despite substantial decreases in mortality, poisoning is still a public health threat in China. This warrants further research to explore causative factors and to develop and implement interventions targeting at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peixia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peishan Ning
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xunjie Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Lekei E, Ngowi AV, London L. Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Children: Hospital Review in Selected Hospitals of Tanzania. J Toxicol 2017; 2017:4208405. [PMID: 29441090 PMCID: PMC5758850 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4208405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is a serious problem worldwide. Because the burden of childhood APP is unknown in Tanzania, this study describes the distribution, circumstances, and patterns of APP involving children under 18 years in Tanzania. METHODOLOGY A 12-month prospective study was conducted in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006 using a data collection tool for surveillance. RESULTS Of 53 childhood poisoning cases identified, 56.6% were female. The most common poisoning circumstances were accidents (49.1%) and suicide (30.2%). The most vulnerable children were 16-17 years old (30.2%). Suicide was significantly more common in females (PRR females/males = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.03-2.68) and accidental cases were more common in children aged 10 years or younger. Suicide was concentrated in children over 10 years, comprising 53% of cases in this age group. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, and endosulfan were common amongst reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence rate was 1.61/100,000. CONCLUSION APP is common among children in this region of Tanzania. Prevention of suicide in older children should address mental health issues and control access to toxic pesticides. Prevention of accidents in younger children requires safer storage and hygiene measures. Diverse interventions are needed to reduce pesticide poisoning among children in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elikana Lekei
- Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Aiwerasia V. Ngowi
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), P.O. Box 65015, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Leslie London
- School of Public Health & Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
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