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Li L, Fu L, Li H, Liu T, Sun J. Emerging trends and patterns in healthcare-seeking behavior: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37272. [PMID: 38394511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of healthcare-seeking behavior is essential for optimizing resource allocation and improving healthcare services. Its complexity and diversity have made it a prominent research area. Understanding factors influencing healthcare-seeking decisions allows targeted interventions and policy development to address barriers and ensure equitable access to quality healthcare for diverse populations. Such research plays a vital role in enhancing healthcare outcomes and overall population health. METHODS The study utilized a systematic quantitative literature review approach, employing the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection and PubMed databases as data sources. Additionally, bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed for analysis and visualization of the literature. RESULTS A comprehensive statistical analysis and visualization were performed on the annual publication volume, publication countries, journals, keywords, and keyword co-occurrence patterns up until 2023. Through this analysis, a framework was established, identifying the determinants and fundamental elements of healthcare-seeking behavior. These findings contribute to the advancement of research in this field and inform future studies and interventions aimed at improving healthcare-seeking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Based on the aforementioned literature review and framework, several conclusions were drawn. The determinants that facilitate healthcare-seeking behavior include improving health education awareness, enhancing healthcare resources, reducing costs, and ensuring system soundness. Additionally, providing social environment support was found to be crucial. Furthermore, the fundamental elements of healthcare-seeking behavior were identified as healthcare demand, healthcare choices, and the process of diagnosis and treatment. These findings provide valuable insights for developing interventions and policies to promote optimal healthcare-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiangjie Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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2
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Joulaei H, Fatemi M, Joulaei R, Heydari MR, Pourmontaseri AR, Foroozanfar Z. Determinants of unmet needs for mental health services amongst adolescents in Shiraz, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1265611. [PMID: 38379675 PMCID: PMC10876837 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1265611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders are increasingly prevalent among adolescents without appropriate response. There are a variety of reasons for unmet mental health needs, including attitudinal and structural barriers. Accordingly, we investigated perceived mental health needs, using mental health services, and their barriers in adolescents. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in Shiraz, Iran. Demographic characteristics, the Adolescent Unmet Needs Checklist, and the Young Schema Questionnaire were administered to 348 adolescents aged 13-19 years. Adolescents were classified as having no needs, fully met needs, partially met needs, or wholly unmet needs. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with perceived unmet need and refer participants to healthcare centers. Results 193 (55.5%) adolescents reported perceived need for mental healthcare out of whom, 21.6% reported fully and 21.6% partially unmet needs. Noticeably, only 12.4% of needy participants reported met need. "Reluctance to seek mental healthcare" and "asked but not receiving help" were common barriers to using the services. Conclusion The present study reveals unmet mental healthcare needs as a significant public health concern among the adolescents. To address this significant concern, reorientation of primary care, removing economic barriers from mental healthcare services, and improving health literacy in the community are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Joulaei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Fatemi
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Joulaei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Heydari
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zohre Foroozanfar
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Vostanis P, Hassan S, Fatima SZ, O’Reilly M. Youth-led co-production of mental health promotion in Pakistan: intergenerational influences. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae010. [PMID: 38381915 PMCID: PMC10880878 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Youth with mental health needs face barriers in seeking and accessing help, especially in resource-constrained settings in Majority World Countries. Community engagement is thus important for mental health promotion, particularly in addressing stigma. Engagement can be enhanced by involving peer educators and by relating to intergenerational experiences in the sociocultural context of the community. The aim of this study was to explore how intergenerational experiences and perspectives can inform the co-production of youth-led mental health promotion in a Majority World Country, Pakistan. We recruited 11 families (one grandmother, mother and granddaughter in each family) as advisers from two disadvantaged areas of Karachi, and 14 peer educators. Training for peer educators included seminars, experiential activities, three participatory workshops with family advisers and supervision. A sub-sample of family advisers and peer educators attended four focus groups, and peer educators completed reflective diaries following each activity. Data were integrated and subjected to thematic codebook analysis. The three themes related to enabling and hindering factors towards co-production of mental health promotion, incorporation of intergenerational resilience and cascading knowledge to communities. The findings highlighted potential benefits of youth-led mental health promotion that contextualizes intergenerational experiences for those communities. Peer educator roles should be supported by training, and mental health promotion should be integrated within local service systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Vostanis
- Department of School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sajida Hassan
- Icon for Child and Adult Nurturing (ICAN), Empire Square 501, Sharfabad, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Zeenat Fatima
- Icon for Child and Adult Nurturing (ICAN), Empire Square 501, Sharfabad, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
| | - Michelle O’Reilly
- Department of School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9PQ, UK
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Hoferichter F, Lohilahti J, Hufenbach M, Grabe HJ, Hageman G, Raufelder D. Support from parents, teachers, and peers and the moderation of subjective and objective stress of secondary school student. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1161. [PMID: 38216714 PMCID: PMC10786930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, students increasingly report suffering from stress and school burnout, which poses a risk to students' healthy development. However, social support may counteract perceived stress according to the Buffering Hypothesis and the Conservation of Resources Theory. In search of factors that would support healthy student development, studies have primarily focused on self-report data and neglected biophysiological processes. Addressing this research desideratum, this study examined whether perceived social support buffers the interplay of self-reported stress considering biophysiological markers (i.e., cortisol, alpha-amylase, oxidative stress, and telomere length). 83 secondary school students (Mage = 13.72, SD = 0.67; 48% girls) from Germany participated in a questionnaire study and biophysiological testing. Moderation analyses in R revealed that support from parents moderated the relationships between psychological stress as well as cynicism and inadequacy at school linked to alpha-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Hoferichter
- Institute of Educational Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jonne Lohilahti
- Institute of Educational Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miriam Hufenbach
- Institute of Psychology Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Geja Hageman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Raufelder
- Institute of Educational Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Jeftic I, Furzer B, Dimmock JA, Wright K, Budden T, Boyd C, Simpson A, Rosenberg M, Sabiston CM, deJonge M, Jackson B. The Stride program: Feasibility and pre-to-post program change of an exercise service for university students experiencing mental distress. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 69:102507. [PMID: 37665942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Rates of mental illness are disproportionately high for young adult and higher education (e.g., university student) populations. As such, universities and tertiary institutions often devote significant efforts to services and programs that support and treat mental illness and/or mental distress. However, within that portfolio of treatment approaches, structured exercise has been relatively underutilised and greater research attention is needed to develop this evidence base. The Stride program is a structured 12-week exercise service for students experiencing mental distress. We aimed to explore the feasibility of the program and assess pre- and post-program change, through assessments of student health, lifestyle, and wellbeing outcomes. Drawing from feasibility and effectiveness-implementation hybrid design literatures, we conducted a non-randomised feasibility trial of the Stride program. Participants were recruited from the Stride program (N = 114, Mage = 24.21 years). Feasibility results indicated the program was perceived as acceptable and that participants reported positive perceptions of program components, personnel, and sessions. Participants' pre-to-post program change in depressive symptomatology, physical activity levels, mental health-related quality of life, and various behavioural outcomes were found to be desirable. Our results provide support for the feasibility of the Stride program, and more broadly for the delivery and potential effectiveness of structured exercise programs to support university students experiencing mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jeftic
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Bonnie Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Fremantle Hospital Mental Health Service, South Metropolitan Health Service, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Kemi Wright
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy Budden
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Conor Boyd
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aaron Simpson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa deJonge
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Schouten MJ, Derksen ME, Dekker JJ, Goudriaan AE, Blankers M. Preferences of young adults on the development of a new digital add-on alcohol intervention for depression treatment: A qualitative study. Internet Interv 2023; 33:100641. [PMID: 37559821 PMCID: PMC10407662 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the preferences of young adults with regard to the development of a new digital add-on alcohol intervention to complement depression treatment. METHODS This qualitative study included young adults (18-35 years) with experience of either problematic alcohol use or depression or both (n = 29). Two rounds of focus groups were conducted, with two focus groups in each round. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed deductively and inductively on the basis of qualitative content analysis of the intervention type, features and design. RESULTS Young adults preferred a mobile health application with a clear and simple objective and navigation which was also accessible on a computer. With regard to intervention features, participants indicated a preference for in-depth, gain-framed information on alcohol use and a main feature enabling them to record their alcohol use and mood, which would be rewarded. Other preferences included personal goal-setting and monitoring, an activity list, experience stories, peer contact, guidance from experts by experience or volunteers and receiving notifications from the application. In terms of design, participants preferred short, animated videos and animation figure illustrations to complement written text. Moreover, participants rated the design of the intervention as highly important, yet very personal. Generally, participants preferred a light pastel colour scheme. Once again, participants indicated a need for a clear dashboard using pictograms to reduce the amount of text and fast, easy-to-use navigation. CONCLUSION The preferences indicated by young adults with regard to the intervention type, features and design may enhance the development of a new digital add-on alcohol intervention to complement depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J.E. Schouten
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Department of Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes E. Derksen
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Department of Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Digital Health & Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, eHealth Living & Learning Lab, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack J.M. Dekker
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Department of Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Department of Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Digital Health & Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Blankers
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Department of Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Snowdon N, Allan J, Shakeshaft A, Courtney RJ. "I didn't even know headspace had the drug thing until today": A socio-ecological analysis of access to drug and alcohol interventions in integrated youth health care services. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2023; 146:208959. [PMID: 36880903 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.208959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With 150 centers Australia-wide, the headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation is an exemplary integrated youth health service. Headspace centers provide medical care, mental health interventions, alcohol and other drug (AOD) services, and vocational support to Australian young people (YP) aged 12 to 25 years. Co-located headspace salaried youth workers, private health care practitioners (e.g. psychologists, psychiatrists, and medical practitioners) and in-kind community service providers (e.g. AOD clinicians) form coordinated multidisciplinary teams. This article aims to identify the factors influencing the access to AOD interventions for YP, in the Australian rural headspace setting; as perceived by YP, their family and friends, and headspace staff. METHODS The study purposively recruited YP (n = 16), their family and friends (n = 9), and headspace staff (n = 23) and management (n = 7) in four headspace centers in rural New South Wales, Australia. Recruited individuals participated in semistructured focus groups about the access to YP AOD interventions in the headspace setting. The study team thematically analyzed the data through the lens of the socio-ecological model. RESULTS The study identified convergent themes across groups and found several barriers to the access of AOD interventions; 1) YP's personal factors, 2) YP's family and peer attitudes, 3) practitioner skills, 4) organizational processes and 5) societal attitudes were all identified as negatively impacting access to YP AOD interventions. Practitioners' client-centered stance, and the youth-centric headspace model were factors that were considered as enablers of engagement of YP with an AOD concern. INTERPRETATION While this Australian example of an integrated youth health care model is well placed to provide YP AOD interventions, a mismatch existed between practitioner capability and YP needs. The sampled practitioners described limited AOD knowledge, and low confidence in providing AOD interventions. At the organizational level, multiple AOD intervention supply and utilization issues occurred. Taken together, these problems likely underlie previous findings of poor service utilization and low user satisfaction. CONCLUSION Clear enablers exist for AOD interventions to be better integrated into headspace services. Future work should determine how this integration can be achieved and what early intervention means in relation to AOD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Snowdon
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 22 - 32 King Street, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Julaine Allan
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 22 - 32 King Street, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anthony Shakeshaft
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 22 - 32 King Street, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, University of Queensland, 74 High St, Toowong, Queensland, 4066, Australia
| | - Ryan J Courtney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 22 - 32 King Street, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
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Manchanda T, Stein A, Fazel M. Investigating the Role of Friendship Interventions on the Mental Health Outcomes of Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Range and a Systematic Review of Effectiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2160. [PMID: 36767526 PMCID: PMC9915149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Friendships are crucial in adolescent development. This paper presents a scoping review, followed by a systematic review, to assess friendship interventions and their impacts on the mental health outcomes of adolescents aged 12-24 years. Studies were included if they incorporated a friend or authentic social group in an intervention dedicated to improving mental health outcomes and well-being. Twenty-four studies were included in the scoping review, and eighteen in the systematic review. Data from 12,815 adolescents were analysed; three prominent themes emerged. The most common theme was promoting mental health literacy, followed by supporting help-seeking, and friendship-building/combating isolation. Most evaluations focused on the individual who had received the intervention, rather than their wider friends who would have been potential contacts and experienced any altered interactions. Of the studies focusing on friendship-building, all had positive short-term outcomes but inconclusive long-term effects. Two studies recruited friends from an individual's authentic social group. While opportunities for improving mental health literacy and help-seeking emerged as key themes, the role of friends in mental health interventions has only been included in a small number of studies. Given that friends are a key point of contact for many adolescents, a better understanding of their domains of influence, particularly on mental health, will potentially enhance interventions.
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9
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Gopinathan S, Kaur AH, Ming LM, Alias MB, Veeraya S. Awareness of Behavioural Intervention Strategies in Curbing Mental Health Issues among Youth in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15376. [PMID: 36430098 PMCID: PMC9692290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health is a growing concern among people worldwide. Mental health issues are one of the main factors contributing to adolescent health-related burden. Malaysia, in particular, has seen an increase in the number of youths facing mental health issues. The government aims to take action by promoting mental health well-being as well as providing care and recovery to those who are affected. This study aimed to examine measures that could potentially improve and curb mental health issues among youth in Malaysia by adopting the use of behavioural intervention technologies. Three underlying models of intervention were studied, namely, the internet intervention model, Fogg behaviour model, and persuasive system design. A total of 103 respondents between the ages of 18 to 23 years participated in the research survey, and the results revealed that mood changes and thoughts, feelings, and actions were the intervention strategies that showed a positive significance in the improvement of mental health among youth in Malaysia. Social distractions, peer motivation, ease of access to help, and sense of belonging and mindfulness did not show a positive significance when it came to behavioural intervention technologies used to improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lai Ming Ming
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Mazni Binti Alias
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Segaran Veeraya
- Graduate School of Business, Asia Pacific University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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10
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Al Omari O, Khalaf A, Al Sabei S, Al Hashmi I, Al Qadire M, Joseph M, Damra J. Facilitators and barriers of mental health help-seeking behaviours among adolescents in Oman: a cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:591-601. [PMID: 35209780 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2038666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore and identify facilitators and barriers to help-seeking behaviours among adolescents in Oman, by exploring the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behaviour towards mental health help-seeking. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was used and 424 adolescents were recruited to participate in the study. Participants were asked to complete five self-reported questionnaires, including two open-ended questions about the main motivations and barriers to seeking professional help for mental problems. RESULTS It was found that those with positive help-seeking attitudes towards mental health were more knowledgeable about mental health, had more positive attitudes towards mental illness, and had higher intention to help seeking. On the contrary, those with higher help-seeker stereotypes had more negative attitudes towards mental illness. Having an adequate support system, being positive and knowledgeable about mental illness, and the reputation of mental health are the main factors facilitating seeking professional help. However, fear, lack of family support, and the time-consuming procedures were the main barriers emerging from the open-ended questions. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes by identifying facilitating factors as well as barriers in an Arabic context (Oman) to fill the exiting knowledge gap; both need to be considered when planning interventions targeting the younger individuals in this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Atika Khalaf
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Iman Al Hashmi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mickael Joseph
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jalal Damra
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Educational Psychology and Counselling Department, College of Education, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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11
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Ghelbash Z, Alavi M, West S, Lees D, Cleary M. A Post-Pandemic Reset: Reversing the COVID-19 Increase in Substance Use by Adolescents and Young Adults. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022:1-4. [PMID: 35984676 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiye Ghelbash
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mousa Alavi
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sancia West
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Lees
- School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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The Influence of Stigma and Trust in Young People Seeking Support for Their Own or a Friend’s Symptoms: The Role of Threat Appraisals. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stigma and trust influence how adolescents seek support for mental illness, though it is unclear how these influence their decisions to approach a range of potential sources of support. Moreover, even less is known about the ways in which these issues are related when a friend discloses symptoms of mental illness.
Objective
The study’s aims were to understand the role of stigma, trust, and threat appraisals in adolescents’ support seeking when exposed to their own, or to a friend’s, symptoms of mental illness.
Method
A vignette-based study comparing reports of support (friends, parents, teachers, professionals, and online) was completed with reference to either (i) experiencing symptoms of mental illness or (ii) having a friend disclose these types of symptoms. Two hundred and fifty adolescents (M = 12.75 years) answered questions pertaining to stigma (public and self), trust levels, threat appraisals, and support seeking.
Results
When dealing with their own symptoms, threat accounted for 4.8 and 2.5% of the variance when seeking support from parents and professionals, respectively. Self-stigma accounted for 2.4% of variance when seeking support from parents and 0.8% of variance when seeking support from professionals. Trust moderated the association between threat and the use of online support. When responding to a friend’s disclosure, higher levels of public-stigma were associated with lower support seeking from friends, parents, and professionals.
Conclusions
This study showed a distinction in how adolescents deal with their own or a friend’s symptoms of mental illness, and what resources they choose to ask for support from. Self-stigma, threat, and trust levels were particularly relevant when experiencing their own symptoms, while dealing with a friend’s disclosure was related to levels of public-stigma.
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Goodwin J, Savage E, O’Donovan A. “I Personally Wouldn’t Know Where to Go”: Adolescents’ Perceptions of Mental Health Services. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221076056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of mental health services from the perspectives of adolescents with no prior service experience. Thirty students in the Transition Year (fourth year) of secondary school participated in this study: 22 females and 8 males, aged 15 to 16. There was equal distribution across rural and urban settings. Participants had no prior experience of accessing mental health services. Data were collected in secondary school settings in the Republic of Ireland. An interpretive description approach guided this study. Data were collected through individual interviews. To complement interviews, participants drew images of mental health care environments and mental health staff members; drawings were not subjected to analysis. Data (participant interviews) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Three themes were identified. Participants suggested that “mental health services” differed from “psychiatric services,” with the latter term perceived more negatively. Uncertainty about how to access these services was voiced. Considering the vulnerability of adolescents to the experience of mental distress, education around mental health services is warranted. It is expected that provision of education in this area would enhance service delivery, improve adolescents’ help-seeking behaviors for mental distress, and reduce stigma.
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Gould MS, Chowdhury S, Lake AM, Galfalvy H, Kleinman M, Kuchuk M, McKeon R. National Suicide Prevention Lifeline crisis chat interventions: Evaluation of chatters' perceptions of effectiveness. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:1126-1137. [PMID: 34331471 PMCID: PMC9292033 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline's crisis response system, the Lifeline Crisis Chat Network (LCC) answers chats from hundreds of thousands of at-risk individuals yearly. The study's objective was to assess the effectiveness of these online crisis interventions. METHOD Data from 39,911 pre-chat surveys and 13,130 linked pre- and post-chat surveys completed by LCC chatters from October 2017-June 2018 were analyzed. The relationship of several effectiveness measures with chatter demographics, pre-chat distress, suicidal ideation, and chatters' perceptions of engagement with their counselors was examined using a series of logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Chatters were significantly and substantially less distressed at the end of the chat intervention than at the beginning. By the end of the chat, two-thirds of suicidal chatters reported that the chat had been helpful, while just under half reported being less suicidal. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers empirical evidence for the Lifeline's online crisis chat services' effectiveness, but also highlights areas for improvement. This is of critical import in light of the recent designation of 988 as the nationwide number for the Lifeline beginning in 2022, which will increase the Lifeline's prominence in providing suicide prevention and mental health crisis interventions in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn S. Gould
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCollege of Physicians & SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA,New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Saba Chowdhury
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alison M. Lake
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Physicians & SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Marjorie Kleinman
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Richard McKeon
- Division of Prevention, Traumatic Stress, and Special ProgramsCenter for Mental Health Services (CMHS)Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationRockvilleMarylandUSA
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Gijzen M, Rasing S, van den Boogaart R, Rongen W, van der Steen T, Creemers D, Engels R, Smit F. Feasibility of a serious game coupled with a contact-based session led by lived experience workers for depression prevention in high-school students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260224. [PMID: 34847158 PMCID: PMC8631635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma and limited mental health literacy impede adolescents getting the help they need for depressive symptoms. A serious game coupled with a classroom session led by lived experience workers (LEWs) might help to overcome these barriers. The school-based Strong Teens and Resilient Minds (STORM) preventive program employed this strategy and offered a serious game, Moving Stories. The current study was carried out to assess inhibiting and promoting factors for scaling up Moving Stories once its effectiveness has been ascertained. METHODS Moving Stories was offered in three steps: (1) introductory classroom session, (2) students playing the game for five days, (3) debriefing classroom session led by lived experience worker. Data was collected on the number of participating students, costs of offering Moving Stories, and was further based on the notes of the debriefing sessions to check if mental health first aid (MHFA) strategies were addressed. RESULTS Moving Stories was offered in seven high-schools. Coverage was moderate with 982 participating students out of 1880 (52%). Most participating students (83%) played the Moving Stories app three out of the five days. Qualitative data showed that the MHFAs were discussed in all debriefing sessions. Students showed great interest in lived experience workers' stories and shared their own experiences with depression. CONCLUSIONS Bringing Moving Stories to scale in the high-school setting appears feasible, but will remain logistically somewhat challenging. Future implementation and scale-up of Moving Stories could benefit from improved selection and training of LEWs that played such an important role in grabbing the full attention of students and were able to launch frank discussions about depressive disorder and stigma in classrooms. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register: Trial NL6444 (NTR6622: https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6444).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Gijzen
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Rasing
- GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands
- Anxiety, Compulsion & Phobia Foundation; National Patient Organization, Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Twan van der Steen
- Anxiety, Compulsion & Phobia Foundation; National Patient Organization, Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Creemers
- GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Engels
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Smit
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dixon-Ward KC, Chan SWY. 'Faking it': Exploring adolescent perceptions of depression (in)authenticity and 'attention seeking'. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:177-196. [PMID: 34716598 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attitudes towards peers who are not perceived to be legitimately depressed, or whose depression 'authenticity' is questioned, represent a current gap in adolescent depression stigma research. This research study, therefore, investigated how perceptions of depression inauthenticity are framed in adolescent Reddit communities. METHODS This observational study used an internet-mediated, qualitative methodology to analyse forum posts from April 2019 to January 2020 on three adolescent-based subreddits. Posts were extracted using the Baumgartner Reddit Corpus. Identifiable information was removed to protect anonymity. RESULTS Inductive thematic analysis identified two overarching themes, namely, public stigma and self-stigma associated with depression inauthenticity. Public stigma could be further dissected into five subthemes: (i) dichotomy between 'real' and 'fake depression'; (ii) aggression towards 'fakers'; (iii) stereotypes; (iv) attention; and (v) diagnosis. On the other hand, the theme of self-stigma consisted of subthemes: (i) self-doubt and (ii) validation and invalidation. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents framed a dichotomy between so-called 'real' and 'fake depression', with hostility directed at peers perceived to be 'fake depressed'. Perceptions of depression inauthenticity were confused and inconsistent. Public and self-stigma towards depression inauthenticity enforced barriers to help-seeking. While future research should investigate to what extent these observations based on online forums mimic stigma in real-life settings, our findings have highlighted the needs for 'fake depression' stigma to be addressed by adolescent depression literacy and stigma interventions. Recent movements towards reconceptualizing depression as a dimensional construct may help to challenge these stigmatizing views of a dichotomy between 'real' and 'fake' depression. PRACTITIONER POINTS There is widespread stigma concerning perceived inauthenticity related to depression in these online adolescent communities, with vitriol targeted at peers perceived to be so-called 'fake depressed'. Adolescent depression literacy and stigma programmes should tackle stigma towards perceived inauthenticity and promote the message that all adolescent distress deserves attention and help. This involves challenging perceptions that only supposedly 'authentic', diagnosed, or diagnosable, depression is worthy of attention and support. Prevention Programmes should work to mitigate barriers to help-seeking posed by misunderstandings that distress which is kept secret is more 'authentic', and tackle gender and age stereotypes surrounding perceived inauthenticity. There is a need for clinically approved online resources targeted at adolescents who feel unsure about whether their symptoms could be indicators of depression, and to make professional advice and help more accessible for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella W Y Chan
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
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17
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Birrell L, Furneaux-Bate A, Chapman C, Newton NC. A Mobile Peer Intervention for Preventing Mental Health and Substance Use Problems in Adolescents: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (The Mind Your Mate Study). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e26796. [PMID: 34328426 PMCID: PMC8367112 DOI: 10.2196/26796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders have significant social and economic impacts, which are largely attributable to their early age of onset and chronic disabling course. Therefore, it is critical to intervene early to prevent chronic and debilitating trajectories. Objective This paper describes the study protocol of a CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)-compliant randomized controlled trial for evaluating the effectiveness of the Mind your Mate program, a mobile health (mHealth) peer intervention that aims to prevent mental health (focusing on anxiety and depression) and substance use problems in adolescents. Methods Participants will consist of approximately 840 year 9 or year 10 students (60 students per grade per school) from 14 New South Wales high schools in Sydney, Australia. Schools will be recruited from a random selection of independent and public schools across the New South Wales Greater Sydney Area by using publicly available contact details. The intervention will consist of 1 introductory classroom lesson and a downloadable mobile app that will be available for use for 12 months. Schools will be randomly allocated to receive either the mHealth peer intervention or a waitlist control (health education as usual). All students will be given web-based self-assessments at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The primary outcomes of the trial will be the self-reported use of alcohol and drugs, anxiety and depression symptoms, knowledge about mental health and substance use, motives for not drinking, and willingness to seek help. Secondary outcomes will include positive well-being, the quality of life, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses will be conducted using mixed-effects linear regression analyses for normally distributed data and mixed-effects logistic regression analyses for categorical data. Results The Mind your Mate study was funded by an Australian Rotary Health Bruce Edwards Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from 2019 to 2022. Some of the development costs for the Mind your Mate intervention came from a seed funding grant from the Brain and Mind Centre of the University of Sydney. The enrollment of schools began in July 2020; 12 of 14 schools were enrolled at the time of submission. Baseline assessments are currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022. Conclusions The Mind your Mate study will generate vital new knowledge about the effectiveness of a peer support prevention strategy in real-world settings for the most common mental disorders in youth. If effective, this intervention will constitute a scalable, low-cost prevention strategy that has significant potential to reduce the impact of mental and substance use disorders. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000753954; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379738&isReview=true International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/26796
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Birrell
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ainsley Furneaux-Bate
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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O'Dea B, Subotic-Kerry M, King C, Mackinnon AJ, Achilles MR, Anderson M, Parker B, Werner-Seidler A, Torok M, Cockayne N, Baker ST, Christensen H. A cluster randomised controlled trial of a web-based youth mental health service in Australian schools. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 12:100178. [PMID: 34527971 PMCID: PMC8356132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary schools have attempted to address gaps in help-seeking for mental health problems with little success. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of a universal web-based service (Smooth Sailing) for improving help-seeking intentions for mental health problems and other related outcomes among students. METHODS A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the 12-week outcomes of the Smooth Sailing service among 1841 students from 22 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Assignment was conducted at the school level. The control condition received school-as-usual. The primary outcome was help-seeking intentions for general mental health problems at 12-weeks post-baseline. Secondary outcomes included help-seeking behaviour, anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychological distress, psychological barriers to help-seeking, and mental health literacy. Data were analysed using mixed linear models. This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001539224). FINDINGS At 12-weeks post-baseline, there was a marginal statistical difference in the relative means of help-seeking intentions (effect size=0•10, 95%CI: -0•02-0•21) that favoured the intervention condition. Help-seeking from adults declined in both conditions. There was a greater reduction in the number of students who "needed support for their mental health but were not seeking help" in the intervention condition (OR: 2•08, 95%CI: 1•72-2.27, P<•0001). No other universal effects were found. Participants found the service easy to use and understand; However, low motivation, time, forgetfulness, and lack of perceived need were barriers to use. INTERPRETATION Smooth Sailing led to small improvements in help-seeking intentions. Refinements are needed to improve its effectiveness on other mental health outcomes and to increase student uptake and engagement. FUNDING HSBC and Graf Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW, Australia 2052
| | | | - Catherine King
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
| | | | | | - Melissa Anderson
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
| | - Belinda Parker
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Nicole Cockayne
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Simon T.E. Baker
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW, Australia 2052
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Radez J, Reardon T, Creswell C, Lawrence PJ, Evdoka-Burton G, Waite P. Why do children and adolescents (not) seek and access professional help for their mental health problems? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:183-211. [PMID: 31965309 PMCID: PMC7932953 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mental health disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent yet undertreated. A detailed understanding of the reasons for not seeking or accessing help as perceived by young people is crucial to address this gap. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO 42018088591) of quantitative and qualitative studies reporting barriers and facilitators to children and adolescents seeking and accessing professional help for mental health problems. We identified 53 eligible studies; 22 provided quantitative data, 30 provided qualitative data, and one provided both. Four main barrier/facilitator themes were identified. Almost all studies (96%) reported barriers related to young people's individual factors, such as limited mental health knowledge and broader perceptions of help-seeking. The second most commonly (92%) reported theme related to social factors, for example, perceived social stigma and embarrassment. The third theme captured young people's perceptions of the therapeutic relationship with professionals (68%) including perceived confidentiality and the ability to trust an unknown person. The fourth theme related to systemic and structural barriers and facilitators (58%), such as financial costs associated with mental health services, logistical barriers, and the availability of professional help. The findings highlight the complex array of internal and external factors that determine whether young people seek and access help for mental health difficulties. In addition to making effective support more available, targeted evidence-based interventions are required to reduce perceived public stigma and improve young people's knowledge of mental health problems and available support, including what to expect from professionals and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Radez
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Tessa Reardon
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. .,Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Cathy Creswell
- Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Georgina Evdoka-Burton
- Slough Community Mental Health Team, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Slough, UK
| | - Polly Waite
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK ,Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Staiger PK, O'Donnell R, Liknaitzky P, Bush R, Milward J. Mobile Apps to Reduce Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use: Systematic Review of the First Decade. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17156. [PMID: 33231555 PMCID: PMC7723745 DOI: 10.2196/17156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile apps for problematic substance use have the potential to bypass common barriers to treatment seeking. Ten years following the release of the first app targeting problematic tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use, their effectiveness, use, and acceptability remains unclear. Objective This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review of trials evaluating mobile app interventions for problematic tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. Methods The review was conducted according to recommended guidelines. Relevant databases were searched, and articles were included if the mobile app study was a controlled intervention trial and reported alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug consumption as outcomes. Results A total of 20 studies met eligibility criteria across a range of substances: alcohol (n=11), tobacco (n=6), alcohol and tobacco (n=1), illicit drugs (n=1), and illicit drugs and alcohol (n=1). Samples included the general community, university students, and clinical patients. The analyzed intervention sample sizes ranged from 22 to 14,228, and content was considerably diverse, from simple stand-alone apps delivering self-monitoring or psychoeducation to multicomponent apps with interactive features and audio content, or used as adjuncts alongside face-to-face treatment. Intervention duration ranged from 1 to 35 weeks, with notifications ranging from none to multiple times per day. A total of 6 of the 20 app interventions reported significant reductions in substance use at post or follow-up compared with a comparison condition, with small to moderate effect sizes. Furthermore, two other app interventions reported significant reductions during the intervention but not at post treatment, and a third reported a significant interaction of two app intervention components. Conclusions Although most app interventions were associated with reductions in problematic substance use, less than one-third were significantly better than the comparison conditions at post treatment. A total of 5 out of the 6 apps that reported intervention effects targeted alcohol (of those, one targeted alcohol and illicit drugs and another alcohol and tobacco) and 1 targeted tobacco. Moreover, 3 out of 6 apps included feedback (eg, personalized) and 2 had high risk of bias, 1 some risk, and 3 low risk. All 6 apps included interventions of 6 weeks or longer. Common study limitations were small sample sizes; risk of bias; lack of relevant details; and, in some cases, poorly balanced comparison conditions. Appropriately powered trials are required to understand which app interventions are most effective, length of engagement required, and subgroups most likely to benefit. In sum, evidence to date for the effectiveness of apps targeting problematic substance use is not compelling, although the heterogeneous comparison conditions and trial designs across studies limit the ability to compare efficacy between apps. We discuss potential approaches that can help ascertain whether the promise of mobile app interventions for problematic substance use can be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Karin Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-social behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Renee O'Donnell
- Monash Centre of Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Paul Liknaitzky
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rachel Bush
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Joanna Milward
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Langley EL, Wootton BM, Grieve R. The Utility of the Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Help‐Seeking Intention for Anxiety Disorders. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Langley
- Faculty of Health, Division of Psychology, University of Tasmania,
| | - Bethany M. Wootton
- Faculty of Health, Division of Psychology, University of Tasmania,
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England,
| | - Rachel Grieve
- Faculty of Health, Division of Psychology, University of Tasmania,
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Christie GIG, Cheetham A, Lubman DI. Interventions for Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders in Young People: 10 Key Evidence-Based Approaches to Inform Service Delivery. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Aguirre Velasco A, Cruz ISS, Billings J, Jimenez M, Rowe S. What are the barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviours for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:293. [PMID: 32527236 PMCID: PMC7291482 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing rates of mental health problems among adolescents are of concern. Teens who are most in need of mental health attention are reluctant to seek help. A better understanding of the help-seeking in this population is needed to overcome this gap. METHODS Five databases were searched to identify the principal barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking for common mental health problems in adolescents aged 10-19 years. The search was performed in June 2018 and updated in April 2019. Two independent screening processes were made using the eligibility criteria. Quality assessment of each study was performed, and findings summarised using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Ninety studies meet the inclusion criteria for this review for barrier and facilitators (n = 54) and interventions (n = 36). Stigma and negative beliefs towards mental health services and professionals were the most cited barriers. Facilitators included previous positive experience with health services and mental health literacy. Most interventions were based on psychoeducation, which focused on general mental health knowledge, suicide and self-harm, stigma and depression. Other types of interventions included the use of multimedia and online tools, peer training and outreach initiatives. Overall, the quality of studies was low to medium and there was no general agreement regarding help-seeking definition and measurements. CONCLUSION Most of the interventions took place in an educational setting however, it is important to consider adolescents outside the educational system. Encouraging help-seeking should come with the increased availability of mental health support for all adolescents in need, but this is still a major challenge for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. There is also a need to develop shared definitions, theoretical frameworks and higher methodological standards in research regarding help-seeking behaviours in adolescents. This will allow more consistency and generalisability of findings, improving the development of help-seeking interventions and ensuring timely access to mental health treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Aguirre Velasco
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Children’s Hospital Dr. Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jo Billings
- División of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah Rowe
- División of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Shalaby RAH, Agyapong VIO. Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e15572. [PMID: 32357127 PMCID: PMC7312261 DOI: 10.2196/15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing gap has emerged between people with mental illness and health care professionals, which in recent years has been successfully closed through the adoption of peer support services (PSSs). Peer support in mental health has been variously defined in the literature and is simply known as the help and support that people with lived experience of mental illness or a learning disability can give to one another. Although PSSs date back to several centuries, it is only in the last few decades that these services have formally evolved, grown, and become an integral part of the health care system. Debates around peer support in mental health have been raised frequently in the literature. Although many authors have emphasized the utmost importance of incorporating peer support into the health care system to instill hope; to improve engagement, quality of life, self-confidence, and integrity; and to reduce the burden on the health care system, other studies suggest that there are neutral effects from integrating PSSs into health care systems, with a probable waste of resources. OBJECTIVE In this general review, we aimed to examine the literature, exploring the evolution, growth, types, function, generating tools, evaluation, challenges, and the effect of PSSs in the field of mental health and addiction. In addition, we aimed to describe PSSs in different, nonexhaustive contexts, as shown in the literature, that aims to draw attention to the proposed values of PSSs in such fields. METHODS The review was conducted through a general search of the literature on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts, and PsycINFO. Search terms included peer support, peer support in mental health, social support, peer, family support, and integrated care. RESULTS There is abundant literature defining and describing PSSs in different contexts as well as tracking their origins. Two main transformational concepts have been described, namely, intentional peer support and transformation from patients to peer support providers. The effects of PSSs are extensive and integrated into different fields, such as forensic PSSs, addiction, and mental health, and in different age groups and mental health condition severity. Satisfaction of and challenges to PSS integration have been clearly dependent on a number of factors and consequently impact the future prospect of this workforce. CONCLUSIONS There is an internationally growing trend to adopt PSSs within addiction and mental health services, and despite the ongoing challenges, large sections of the current literature support the inclusion of peer support workers in the mental health care workforce. The feasibility and maintenance of a robust PSS in health care would only be possible through collaborative efforts and ongoing support and engagement from all health care practitioners, managers, and other stakeholders.
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Cheetham A, Sandral E, Lubman DI. Outcomes of reducing stigma towards alcohol misuse during adolescence: results of a randomized controlled trial of the MAKINGtheLINK intervention. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:11. [PMID: 32206086 PMCID: PMC7085161 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is well-recognized that the stigma associated with alcohol use problems can prevent or delay help-seeking, there is limited research examining stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse, or their consequences, during adolescence. The current study examined the results of a school-based intervention on adolescents' stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse among their peers, and how changes in attitudes influenced intentions to encourage help-seeking, as well as participants' personal use and misuse of alcohol. METHODS Participants (n = 463) were a subset of a larger sample participating in a randomized controlled trial of the MAKINGtheLINK intervention. Of the included participants, 287 (62%) were allocated to the intervention group and 176 (38%) to the control group. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6-weeks, 6-months, and 12-months post-baseline. At each assessment, participants were presented with a vignette describing a peer experiencing alcohol misuse and completed the General Help Seeking Questionnaire as well as a 10-item scale measuring stigmatising attitudes. Alcohol use was also assessed. RESULTS The intervention was associated with a greater reduction in 'weak-not-sick' attitudes over time, which in turn predicted stronger intentions to encourage help-seeking from family members and formal help sources at the 12-month follow-up. Perceptions of dangerousness did not change significantly as a result of the intervention, however overall perceptions of dangerousness demonstrated a trend towards encouraging help-seeking from formal sources. Changes in stigma were not associated with past-year alcohol use or problems. CONCLUSIONS School-based interventions such as MAKINGtheLINK can decrease some stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse during adolescence, and increase adolescents' intentions to encourage help-seeking from both formal and informal help sources. However, results varied depending on both the dimension of stigma examined and the type of help source, highlighting a complex relationship between stigma, intentions, and sources of help that requires further investigation. Importantly, reducing stigma did not appear to result in negative effects due to greater acceptance of drinking (e.g., heavier alcohol use), supporting continued efforts to reduce alcohol-related stigma during adolescence.Trial registration: Registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR) on the 27th of February 2013 (ACTRN12613000235707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheetham
- grid.414366.20000 0004 0379 3501Turning Point, Eastern Health, 110 Church St, Richmond VIC, Richmond, VIC 3131 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC Australia
| | - Emma Sandral
- grid.414366.20000 0004 0379 3501Turning Point, Eastern Health, 110 Church St, Richmond VIC, Richmond, VIC 3131 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC Australia
| | - Dan I. Lubman
- grid.414366.20000 0004 0379 3501Turning Point, Eastern Health, 110 Church St, Richmond VIC, Richmond, VIC 3131 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC Australia
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Parker BL, Achilles MR, Subotic-Kerry M, O’Dea B. Youth StepCare: a pilot study of an online screening and recommendations service for depression and anxiety among youth patients in general practice. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:2. [PMID: 31910811 PMCID: PMC6945483 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-1071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General Practitioners (GPs) are ideally placed to identify and manage emerging mental illness in young people, however, many report low levels of confidence in doing so. A web-based universal screening service delivered via a mobile tablet, Youth StepCare, was developed to assist GPs in identifying depression and anxiety symptoms in youth patients. This service also provided evidence-based treatment recommendations and fortnightly monitoring of symptoms. The current study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the Youth StepCare service in Australian general practices. METHODS A 12-week uncontrolled trial was undertaken between August 2018 and January 2019 in two general practices in NSW, Australia. The service was offered to all youth patients aged 14 to 17 years who visited a participating GP during the screening period with their parent or guardian. Youth patients reported the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms using the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7. New cases were defined as those who reported symptoms but were not currently seeking help from their GP, nor had sought help in the past. Feasibility and acceptability among GPs and practice staff were assessed using a battery of questionnaires. RESULTS Five GPs and 6 practice staff took part. A total of 46 youth patients were approached, 28 consented, and 19 completed the screener (67.9%). Nine reported symptoms of anxiety or depression, two of which were new cases (22.2%). GPs and practice staff were satisfied with the service, reporting that there was a need for the service and that they would use it again. CONCLUSIONS The Youth StepCare service appears to be a useful tool for identifying youth with unidentified symptoms of mental illness that can be easily embedded into general practice. Further research would benefit from exploring the factors affecting initial GP uptake and a larger trial is required to determine the efficacy of the service on young people's symptom reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Louise Parker
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Melinda Rose Achilles
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Mirjana Subotic-Kerry
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Bridianne O’Dea
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Lubman DI, Cheetham A, Sandral E, Wolfe R, Martin C, Blee F, Berridge BJ, Jorm AF, Wilson C, Allen NB, McKay-Brown L, Proimos J. Twelve-month outcomes of MAKINGtheLINK: A cluster randomized controlled trial of a school-based program to facilitate help-seeking for substance use and mental health problems. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 18:100225. [PMID: 31922118 PMCID: PMC6948229 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people experiencing mental health problems are often reluctant to seek help, particularly from professionals (i.e., doctors or mental health workers). MAKINGtheLINK is a school-based intervention that aims to help adolescents overcome barriers to seeking professional help for mental health and substance use problems. METHODS A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the 12-month outcomes of MAKINGtheLINK among 2447 participants (Mean age=14.9 years, SD=0.5 years, 50% male). Randomisation resulted in 1130 students from 11 schools allocated to receive the intervention, and 1317 students from 10 schools allocated to the wait-list control group. After the baseline assessment, follow-ups were conducted at 6-weeks (n = 2045), 6-months (n = 1874), and 12-months (n = 1827). The primary outcome measure was help-seeking behaviour, from both formal (e.g., health professionals) and informal (e.g., friends, family members) sources. The trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR) on the 27th of February 2013 (registration number ACTRN12613000235707). FINDINGS The intervention was not associated with overall help-seeking at the 12-month follow-up (p = 0.99, odds ratio [OR]=1.00, 95% CI for OR = 0.70-1.42), or help-seeking for depression (p = 0.28, OR = 1.21, 95%CI =0.86-1.69), stress and anxiety (p = 0.73, OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.74-1.47), or alcohol/other drugs (p = 0.84, OR=1.12, CI=0.37-3.37). However, the intervention was associated with increased help-seeking from formal sources (compared to informal sources) both overall (p = 0.005, OR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.19-2.75), as well as for depression (p = 0.01, OR=2.09, 95%CI=1.19-3.67), and stress and anxiety (p < 0.006, OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.17-2.54). INTERPRETATION Rates of help-seeking remained unchanged following the intervention. However, MAKINGtheLINK effectively improved the quality of adolescent help-seeking behaviour by increasing help-seeking from formal sources. As prompt treatment is essential in reducing the long-term impact of early onset mental health problems, MAKINGtheLINK has the potential to make a significant contribution to existing early intervention and prevention efforts. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1047492).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Turning Point, 100 Church St, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia
| | - Emma Sandral
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Catherine Martin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona Blee
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia
| | - Bonita J Berridge
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Coralie Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Graduate Medicine, School of Medicine University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Centre for Personal and Professional Development (CPPD), Wollongong 2517, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene 6200, United States
| | - Lisa McKay-Brown
- Travancore School, Victorian Department of Education and Training, Travancore, Victoria 6200, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 6200, Australia
| | - Jenny Proimos
- Victorian Department of Education and Training, Melbourne, Victoria 6200, Australia
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Cheetham A, Jorm AF, Wilson C, Berridge BJ, Blee F, Lubman DI. Stigmatising Attitudes Towards Depression and Alcohol Misuse in Young People: Relationships with Help-Seeking Intentions and Behavior. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676608666180913130616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
Adolescents experiencing mental health problems
often approach their peers rather than seeking professional help. A better understanding of
adolescents’ stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness will help inform interventions that
aim to improve the quality of advice that young people provide to their peers. In particular,
there is a need for research examining adolescents’ attitudes towards alcohol misuse, given
it’s increase in prevalence during this period as well as the adverse outcomes that are
associated with untreated early drinking problems.
Methods:
High-school students (n=2447) were recruited as part of an intervention focussed
on overcoming barriers to accessing help for mental health and substance use problems.
Participants were presented with two vignettes that described a peer experiencing depression
and alcohol misuse, respectively, and completed the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire as
well as a 10-item scale measuring stigmatising attitudes. Past helping behavior was also
assessed.
Results:
Compared to depression, a peer experiencing alcohol misuse was more likely to be
considered “weak” rather than sick, and was perceived as more dangerous and unpredictable.
The “weak-not-sick” and “dangerousness” dimensions of stigma predicted weaker intentions
to encourage help-seeking from informal sources, while ‘dangerousness’ predicted stronger
intentions to encourage formal help-seeking. Both dimensions were associated with fewer
instances of past helping behavior.
Conclusion:
Young people stigmatise alcohol misuse more severely than depression.
Overall, stigma was associated with weaker intentions to encourage peers to seek help. While
perceptions of ‘dangerousness’ were associated with stronger intentions to seek help from
formal sources, this association may not translate into actual helping behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Coralie Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Fiona Blee
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dan I. Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
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Dey M, Marti L, Jorm A. The Swiss Youth Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Survey: Study methodology, survey questions/vignettes, and lessons learned. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gebreegziabher Y, Girma E, Tesfaye M. Help-seeking behavior of Jimma university students with common mental disorders: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212657. [PMID: 30794639 PMCID: PMC6386312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the mental health help-seeking behavior of university students is reported to be poor; less than one-third of university students with common mental disorders (CMDs) report having sought help from formal sources. Failure to seek treatment is associated with prolonged disability and poor mental health outcomes, including suicide. In Ethiopia, little is known about the help-seeking behavior of university students for CMDs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of help seeking, and sources of help sought by Jimma University undergraduate students with CMDs. METHOD Seven hundred and sixty students were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study using multi-stage sampling. Sources of help were identified using the Actual Help-Seeking Questionnaire. CMDs were assessed using the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for both univariate and multivariable analysis. RESULTS Of the sampled students, 58.4% were found to have current CMDs. Of those with current CMDs, 78.4% had sought help for their problems. The majority (83.8%) of participants who sought help did so from informal sources. Compared to students who had 'very good' overall levels of satisfaction with life, those who had 'good', 'fair', and 'poor or very poor' overall level of satisfaction with life were less likely to seek help (p-value = 0.021, 0.014, and 0.011, respectively). Lastly, having no previous history of help-seeking was significantly associated with seeking help for CMDs (p-value<0.001). CONCLUSION More than half of Jimma University students were found to have a high risk of CMDs and the majority of those with CMDs sought help from informal sources. Future studies are needed to explore the barriers of seeking help from formal resources, and the effects of not receiving help from formal sources for CMDs symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eshetu Girma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Cheetham A, Lubman DI. The Role of Peers on School-Based Prevention Programs Targeting Adolescent Substance Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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