1
|
Seven F, Günay T. Tobacco Use Status of Medical Faculty Students and Evaluation of Affecting Factors. THORACIC RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 25:110-120. [PMID: 39128077 PMCID: PMC11181229 DOI: 10.5152/thoracrespract.2024.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the tobacco use status of first and fifth grade students studying at Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine in the 2022-2023 academic year and to evaluate the factors affecting tobacco use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of the cross-sectional study were obtained by sending a form prepared in electronic environment to the students after a brief information was given in the unit/classroom where they did their internship, and the students responded on their mobile phones. In research, 539 of 790 students answered the form. RESULTS The prevalance of tobacco use was 34.1% (first: 29.8%, fifth: 40.8%) (female: 26.7%, male: 40.4%). According to multivariate analysis, tobacco use in first grades increases 1.8 times (95% CI: 1.1-3.3) if the general health perception is moderate/poor, 2.9 times (95% CI: 1.2-6.8) to be exposed to insistence of friends for tobacco use, 2.4 times (95% CI: 1.3-4.3) for at least one of the family members to use tobacco, 29.7 times (95% CI: 3.9-224.1) for at least one of the close friends to use tobacco, and 3.9 times (95% CI: 2.2-7.1) not to think that physicians should set an example for the society by not using tobacco; in fifth grade, tobacco use by at least one of the close friends increases 9.6 times (95% CI: 2.1-43.6), and not thinking that physicians should set an example for the society by not using tobacco increases 4.9 times (95% CI: 2.7-9.2). CONCLUSION In research, it is seen that tobacco use is common among medical faculty students, and the prevalance of use increases as they get higher classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Seven
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Türkan Günay
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hill TD, Bostean G, Upenieks L, Bartkowski JP, Ellison CG, Burdette AM. (Un)holy Smokes? Religion and Traditional and E-Cigarette Use in the United States. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:1334-1359. [PMID: 36520262 PMCID: PMC9753896 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study employed national cross-sectional survey data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (n = 1578 to 1735) to model traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of religious affiliation, general religiosity, biblical literalism, religious struggles, and the sense of divine control. Although the odds of abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes were comparable for conservative Protestants and non-affiliates, conservative Protestants were more likely to cut down on cigarettes and e-cigarettes during the pandemic. Religiosity increased the odds of abstaining from cigarettes (not e-cigarettes) and reduced pandemic consumption of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Biblical literalism was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and pandemic changes in cigarette use; however, biblical literalists were more likely to cut e-cigarette use during the pandemic. While the sense of divine control was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes, these beliefs increased the odds of cessation from traditional and e-cigarette use. Finally, our religious struggles index was unrelated to smoking behavior. Our study is among the first to report any association between religion and lower e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence D. Hill
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-1644 USA
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, USA
| | | | - John P. Bartkowski
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Amy M. Burdette
- Department of Sociology and Public Health Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boxer DJM, Sung YH, Nunez NA, Fitzgerald CE, Renshaw PF, Kondo DG. Exploring the Link between Altitude of Residence and Smoking Patterns in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:226. [PMID: 38397715 PMCID: PMC10887906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking-related diseases affect 16 million Americans, causing approximately 480,000 deaths annually. The prevalence of cigarette smoking varies regionally across the United States, and previous research indicates that regional rates of smoking-related diseases demonstrate a negative association with altitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between altitude and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by county (N = 3106) in the United States. We hypothesized that smoking prevalence among adults would be negatively associated with mean county altitude. METHODS A multivariate linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between county-level mean altitude and county smoking rate. Covariates were individually correlated with 2020 smoking data, and significant associations were included in the final model. RESULTS The multivariate linear regression indicated that the county-level smoking rates are significantly reduced at high altitudes (p < 0.001). The model accounted for 89.5% of the variance in smoking prevalence, and for each 1000-foot increase in altitude above sea level, smoking rates decreased by 0.143%. Based on multivariate linear regression, the following variables remained independently and significantly associated: race, sex, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, unemployment, physical inactivity, drinking behavior, mental distress, and tobacco taxation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that smoking rates are negatively associated with altitude, which may suggest that altitude affects the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanistic pathways involved in cigarette use. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between altitude and smoking and how altitude may serve as a protective factor in the acquisition and maintenance of tobacco use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Jeanne-Marie Boxer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
| | - Young-Hoon Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
| | - Nicolas A. Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Colleen Elizabeth Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Intermountain Health, Oncology Clinical Trials, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Perry Franklin Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Douglas Gavin Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohan S, Kumar G, Viswanath B, Priyank H. Assessment of Differences in Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Among Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students. Cureus 2024; 16:e52509. [PMID: 38371113 PMCID: PMC10874243 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess and compare differences in oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among preclinical and clinical dental students of Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Material and methods A total of 175 students responded to a total of 37 questions regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding dentistry and oral health. The mean percentage scores and standard deviation were calculated to assess the relation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Results It was observed that the students in the clinical phase had significantly better knowledge and attitude towards oral health than preclinical undergraduates. There was no significant difference in mean and SD among clinical and preclinical students in behavior while statistically significant differences were observed in their responses to questions related to knowledge (p = 0.000) and attitude (p = 0.007). Female students had better knowledge than male students (p = 0.029). Conclusion Clinical dental students of the institute showed a marginally higher KAP regarding oral health than preclinical students. This might reveal an ineffective transition of the students from the preclinical to the clinical stage. On intergender comparison, the females were better oriented than males towards oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mohan
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Butta Viswanath
- Conservative, Endodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Harsh Priyank
- Conservative, Endodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kopřivová Herotová T, Hynčica V, Schneidrová D. Tobacco use in students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in the Czech Republic. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:50-56. [PMID: 37086421 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed trends in tobacco use in students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in the Czech Republic between academic years 2012/13 and 2019/2020. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys designed to obtain information on smoking history, smoking status, tobacco products use, and cessation were conducted among 382 students of the 6-year Master's Study Programme (General Medicine) and the 3-year Bachelor's Study Programme (Public Health) in 2012/2013; and among 580 students of General Medicine and of the Bachelor's Study Programmes (Public Health, Dental Hygiene and Nursing) in 2019/2020. RESULTS Regular/daily smoking was reported by 4.4 ± 2.4% (with 95% CI) of General Medicine students and 4.8 ± 4.1% of Public Health students in 2012/2013, and 1.3 ± 1.1% of General Medicine students and 14.4 ± 4.8% of students of bachelor studies in 2019/2020. The share of regular and occasional smokers was higher among junior students in both academic years (23.9 ± 5.1% and 20.1 ± 4.7%, respectively) compared to senior students (23.6 ± 9.8% and 9.6 ± 5.7%). Cigarettes were the most common products used in both academic years (67.0 ± 4.7% and 45.5 ± 4.0%). There was a significant increase in proportion of students using more tobacco products in the course of the time (from 12.1 ± 3.1% to 53.7 ± 4.1%). The proportion of students who quitted smoking has risen from 11.4 ± 3.2% to 16.1 ± 3.0%. On the contrary, the proportion of students who started smoking has dropped from 15.9 ± 3.7% to 2.9 ± 1.4%. The proportion of non-smokers has risen from 57.6 ± 5.0% to 65.3 ± 3.9%. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed some positive trends concerning tobacco use in students (decline in regular smokers among students of General Medicine, senior students, cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers; rise in non-smokers), but also negative ones (rise in regular smokers among students of Public Health, students who used more tobacco products).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktor Hynčica
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schneidrová
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hill TD, Bostean G, Upenieks L, Bartkowski JP, Ellison CG, Burdette AM. (Un)holy Smokes? Religion and Traditional and E-Cigarette Use in the United States. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 62:906-931. [PMID: 36520262 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study employed national cross-sectional survey data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (n = 1578 to 1735) to model traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of religious affiliation, general religiosity, biblical literalism, religious struggles, and the sense of divine control. Although the odds of abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes were comparable for conservative Protestants and non-affiliates, conservative Protestants were more likely to cut down on cigarettes and e-cigarettes during the pandemic. Religiosity increased the odds of abstaining from cigarettes (not e-cigarettes) and reduced pandemic consumption of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Biblical literalism was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and pandemic changes in cigarette use; however, biblical literalists were more likely to cut e-cigarette use during the pandemic. While the sense of divine control was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes, these beliefs increased the odds of cessation from traditional and e-cigarette use. Finally, our religious struggles index was unrelated to smoking behavior. Our study is among the first to report any association between religion and lower e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence D Hill
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-1644, USA.
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, USA
| | | | - John P Bartkowski
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Amy M Burdette
- Department of Sociology and Public Health Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Action « hôpital et campus sans tabac » : évaluation à mi-parcours des connaissances de l’action et des besoins exprimés par les étudiants et les professionnels. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:832-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Huang Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang T, Xu L, Yang X, Lu H. Nomogram reliability for predicting potential risk in postgraduate medical students with anxiety symptoms. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10803. [PMID: 36247164 PMCID: PMC9557898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This research aims to develop a Nomogram for exact anxiety symptoms prediction in postgraduate medical students so that they may be identified as high-risk individuals early and get focused care. Methods Using a convenient sampling method, for case-control matching, 126 participants with anxiety symptoms and 774 participants of the same age and gender but without anxiety symptoms were designated as the case group and control group, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify influencing factors for anxiety symptoms, then used to design and verify a Nomogram of anxiety symptoms. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lack of social support (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91-0.99), low life satisfaction (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.95), low subjective well-being (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.41-0.83) and frequent tobacco and alcohol use (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.10-2.80) were independent predictors of anxiety symptoms in postgraduate medical students (P < 0.05). The Nomogram risk prediction model based on the above four independent prediction factors was established, and the verified C-index (Concordance index) is 0.787 (95%CI: 0.744-0.803, P < 0.001). Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in postgraduate medical students are influenced by various variables. The Nomogram prediction model has high accuracy, validity, and reliability, which can provide reference for predicting anxiety symptoms in postgraduate medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Huang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lejun Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xialing Yang
- Graduate Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Heli Lu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Campo L, Lumia S, Fustinoni S. Assessing Smoking Habits, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Needs among University Students at the University of Milan, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12527. [PMID: 36231827 PMCID: PMC9566438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College campuses and universities are valuable settings for smoking prevention programs targeting young adults. AIM To investigate smoking habits, electronic cigarette (e-cig) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use, exposure to passive smoke, compliance with smoking bans on campus, attitudes toward the anti-smoking policies, and educational needs among students at the University of Milan, Italy. METHODS A validated questionnaire was web-submitted to 64,801 students in the period May-July 2021. For each item, the frequency was calculated and χ2 test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare differences among the 10 faculties of the University. RESULTS 7162 students participated in the survey, while 6605 questionnaires were included in this report (62% female, 84% aged 18-25 years). Sixty-four percent of participants were never smokers, 19% were smokers, 2.8% were e-cig or HTP users, 3.7% were dual smokers, 10% were former smokers, and 66% reported routinely spending free time with smokers. Almost all students were aware of the dangers of active and passive smoking of cigarettes, while about 20% did not have an opinion on the dangers of e-cigs/HTPs. Only 49% were aware of the smoking ban in the outdoor areas of the university. Students from the faculties of Law and Political, Economic, and Social Sciences smoked more frequently and were more frequently exposed to passive smoke than other students. Medicine students were the most aware of the dangers of passive smoking and using e-cigs/HTPs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Italy involving the entire student population of a university and highlighting differences among faculties in terms of active and passive smoking and opinions. The results suggest that prevention campaigns addressed to students should consider their specific study curricula and give information tailored to the different educational needs to efficiently support health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campo
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Lumia
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pougnet R, Lucas D, Pougnet L, Chapalain D, Fortin C, Loddé B, Dewitte JD, Eniafe-Eveillard MB, Le Denmat V. [Smoking, vaping among hospital staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: Appraisal of the "tobacco-free hospital, campus" campaign in Brest]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:413-419. [PMID: 35597726 PMCID: PMC8847087 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the framework of a "tobacco-free hospital and campus" campaign, we conducted a study on the prevalence of smoking and vaping among a university hospital (CHRU) staff. The study took place in late 2020 (from 1 September to 15 December), and involved self-assessment of the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on smoking. MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire, which was distributed by email and QR code posting and included socio-professional details as well as data on participants' smoking and vaping. RESULTS There were 782 responses, representing a participation rate of 13.5%. The sample included 73.3% women and 22.7% men; 28.9% nurses, 24.9% medical staff, 3.6% nursing assistants and 42.6% other professional categories. The overall smoking rate was 13%. Sixty-two (7.9%) participants vaped; 37 (5%) vaped exclusively, 25 (3.2%) combined smoking and vaping. Men smoked more than women: 23.7% vs. 9.4% (P < 0.01). Medical staff smoked and vaped less than other categories; 6.2% vs 14.8% (P < 0.01) and 4.1% vs 9.1% respectively (P=0.02). Doctors were more often non-smokers: OR=2.71 (95% CI: 1.14-6.46). Among smokers, 25% said they had increased their cigarette consumption during the covid-19 pandemic, frequently as a means of combating stress or fatigue. CONCLUSION This study showed a lower smoking rate than in the literature, possibly due to the high participation of physicians. Ours were the initial estimates of vaping among hospital staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pougnet
- Service de santé au travail du personnel hospitalier, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; Laboratoires d'études et de recherches en sociologie (LABERS), EA 3149, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
| | - D Lucas
- Service de santé au travail du personnel hospitalier, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; Optimisation des régulations physiologiques (ORPHY), EA 4324, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - L Pougnet
- Laboratoire médicale, hôpital d'instruction des Armées, Clermont-Tonnerre, Brest, France
| | - D Chapalain
- Consultation hospitalière de tabacologie, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - C Fortin
- Consultation hospitalière de tabacologie, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - B Loddé
- Service de santé au travail du personnel hospitalier, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; Optimisation des régulations physiologiques (ORPHY), EA 4324, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; Consultation hospitalière de tabacologie, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - J D Dewitte
- Service de santé au travail du personnel hospitalier, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; Laboratoires d'études et de recherches en sociologie (LABERS), EA 3149, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; Consultation hospitalière de tabacologie, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - M B Eniafe-Eveillard
- Service de santé au travail du personnel hospitalier, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
| | - V Le Denmat
- Consultation hospitalière de tabacologie, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Todorović I, Cheng F, Stojisavljević S, Marinković S, Kremenović S, Savić P, Golić-Jelić A, Stojaković N, Stoisavljević-Šatara S, Igić R, Škrbić R. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Influence of Associated Factors among Students of the University of Banja Luka: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:502. [PMID: 35454341 PMCID: PMC9025883 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking among the youth population has increased significantly in developing countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no extant literature assesses the prevalence of tobacco use, nor identifies factors associated with smoking. This study determined the prevalence of cigarette smoking among a specific cohort of students and assessed factors related to tobacco use in this population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1200 students at all faculties of Banja Luka University. Data were collected from questionnaires adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and the Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) standardized questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2 test, and logistic regression. Results: When the prevalence of cigarette smoking within the last thirty days was recorded, we found that 34.1% of students smoked within this period. Nearly three-quarters (74.9%) of the student population had smoked or experimented with cigarette smoking. However, medical students were 27.2% less likely to smoke than their counterparts from other faculties. Overall, 87% of all students were aware of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, 79% were aware of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke, and 65% reported that it was difficult to quit. Increased spending of personal money was associated with a higher probability of smoking, while exposure to secondhand smoke increased the odds of smoking by 62%. Conclusion: Policies, strategies, and action plans should be introduced in order to reduce the prevalence of smoking among university students and to create a smoke-free environment at the various universities involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Todorović
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (I.T.); (F.C.)
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Feng Cheng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (I.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Stela Stojisavljević
- Public Health Institute of The Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Sonja Marinković
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Stefan Kremenović
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pane Savić
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Ana Golić-Jelić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nataša Stojaković
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.S.); (S.S.-Š.)
| | - Svjetlana Stoisavljević-Šatara
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.S.); (S.S.-Š.)
| | - Rajko Igić
- The Academy of Sciences and Arts of The Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.S.); (S.S.-Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ilić M, Grujičić M, Novaković B, Vrkatić A, Lozanov-Crvenković Z. Cigarette Smoking among Medical Students from the Western Balkan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3055. [PMID: 35270751 PMCID: PMC8910248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
University student's smoking is a significant public health problem. It is estimated that, globally, every fifth medical student is a smoker. So far, no research dealing with cigarette smoking among medical students has been conducted in the countries of the Western Balkans. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of cigarette smoking among Western Balkans medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2452 students from 14 medical faculties in the Western Balkans (Republic of Slovenia, Republic of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Serbia). The data were gathered through an online survey. There were significantly more non-smokers than smokers among medical students. Only gender and parents smoking status were statistically significantly associated with students smoking status. The smokers were more often male students, who lived in urban areas prior their studies, and whose parents were both smokers. With the aim of monitoring and enhancing student population health, it is necessary for public health activists and health officials to continually survey the students' smoking status in order to recognize the smoking influencing factors, and form and take on appropriate activities to improve the prevention of cigarette smoking among students, as well as motivate those who smoke to give up smoking, which would contribute to improving the health of the student population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Ilić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Maja Grujičić
- Department of General Education Subjects, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Budimka Novaković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Vrkatić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalbus A, Boenecke J, Holt M, Powell S, Reintjes R. Exploring Trends and Differences in Health Behaviours of Health Sciences University Students from Germany and England: Findings from the "SuSy" Project. Public Health Rev 2021; 42:1603965. [PMID: 34692174 PMCID: PMC8500191 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1603965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This research aimed to explore the health behaviours of health sciences students over time and across different settings. Methods: A health behaviour surveillance system has been implemented in Hamburg and Manchester among under- and postgraduate health sciences students. Trends among the Hamburg sample were described. In a cross-sectional assessment, health behaviours across both universities were examined using multivariate regression analysis. Results: Between 2014 and 2018, increasing trends in physical activity and cannabis and alcohol consumption were observed in Hamburg (n = 1,366). While fruit and vegetable intake was constantly low, tobacco smoking decreased. No clear trend was observed for stress perception. The comparison (n = 474) revealed that Manchester students had higher odds of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption; and lower odds of being physically active, and consuming cannabis. No difference in stress perception was observed. Conclusions: Varying trends and potential areas of intervention were identified for health behaviours in Hamburg. The comparison with Manchester students revealed differences in behaviours, which could be further explored to help inform health promotion strategies in both settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kalbus
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Boenecke
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxine Holt
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Powell
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Reintjes
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Sawalha NA, Almomani BA, Al-Shatnawi SF, Almomani BN. Attitudes and Knowledge of the Harmful Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among university students: A study from Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43725-43731. [PMID: 33840029 PMCID: PMC8036007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging behavior worldwide, especially among the youth. It continues to spike in the Middle-Eastern region. WTS is associated with many harmful health-related outcomes.Objective: Herein, the attitude, knowledge, and factors affecting the knowledge of university students toward the detrimental effects of WTS were examined. This was a cross-sectional study where university students filled an online questionnaire that was available between October 2019 and May 2020. A total of 966 questionnaires were filled. About 40% of participants were current waterpipe smokers. Around 30% of participants stated that WTS is not addictive, and about third of them indicated that smoking waterpipe is an essential part of social gathering and is socially accepted behavior. Half of participants (55.8%) were knowledgeable about the major harmful consequences of WTS. Older students were more knowledgeable as compared to younger ones. In contrast, students from non-medical colleges and waterpipe smokers were less knowledgeable in comparison to those in medical colleges and non-smokers, respectively. More targeted health campaigns to control the use of WTS among university students should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Basima A Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Samah F Al-Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Bashar N Almomani
- Ministry of Health, National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
[Cigarette and e-cigarette use among a sample of French health students]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:164-170. [PMID: 33583645 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Data from the literature show that caregivers and health students have a high prevalence. The purpose of this article was to study the prevalence among health students (medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy, nursing) at a University and a Teaching Hospital in France. MATERIAL AND METHOD This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire completed at the start of university meetings. This study was carried out as part of a campaign to combat smoking supported by the Brittany Regional Health Agency. RESULTS The participation rate was 76.4%: 1349 respondents out of 1766 health students surveyed. The prevalence of smoking 17.8% and that of vaping 5.6%. Nursing students smoked and vaped more than students in other streams: respectively, for smoking, 21.8% (73/335) vs. 16.5% (167/1014) (P<0.001), for vaping, 10.4% (35/335) vs. 4.0% (39/980) (P<0.001). Students in 3rd year nursing smoked and vaped significantly more than those in the first 2 years (P=0.02 and P<0.001). CONCLUSION The smoking rate was high, but comparable to the data for health students. Nursing students were significantly greater smokers, especially in the last year. Their vaping rate was higher than in other studies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Balogh E, Wagner Z, Faubl N, Riemenschneider H, Voigt K, Terebessy A, Horváth F, Füzesi Z, Kiss I. Tobacco Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Domestic and International Medical Students in Hungary. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:493-500. [PMID: 33557674 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1879150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Medical students as future physicians will have an important role in tobacco control; therefore, their tobacco use behavior is of particular interest. Consumption of combustible tobacco (cigarettes, waterpipes, cigars, and pipes) is prevalent throughout Europe, whereas smokeless tobacco use is common mainly in the Nordic countries. Objectives: Aim of our study is to assess tobacco use among medical students from different countries studying in Hungary with special focus on students from Norway where smokeless tobacco is widely used. A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out to measure current tobacco use. Results: The survey included 1337 students from Hungary, Norway, Germany, and from other countries (Multinational group). The lowest prevalence of cigarette smoking was found among students from Norway (13.0%) when compared with students from Hungary (21.5%), Germany (34.2%), or with students in the Multinational group (29.5%). Conversely, prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was the highest among students from Norway (40.9%) when compared with students from Hungary (1.4%), Germany (2.6%), or with students in the Multinational group (6.2%). Waterpipes, cigars, and pipes were rarely used, mostly only 1-3 times a month in all groups. More than half of Norwegian students used some form of tobacco (smokeless and/or combustible tobacco). Conclusions: Considering the impending role of medical students in tobacco control, faculties of medicine should sensitize their students on the topic of possible health risks associated with combustible and smokeless tobacco products. Culturally tailored tobacco cessation programs need to be offered to medical students coming from different cultural backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Balogh
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Wagner
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, United Health Institutions, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Faubl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Henna Riemenschneider
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karen Voigt
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - András Terebessy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Horváth
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Füzesi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mekhemar M, Ebeid K, Attia S, Dörfer C, Conrad J. Oral Health Attitudes among Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students: A Pilot Study and Self-Assessment in an Egyptian State-Funded University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010234. [PMID: 33396877 PMCID: PMC7794872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dentists should present to patients as good role models in their oral health behaviour. Previous studies have demonstrated how education can improve dental students’ oral health. This pilot investigation aimed to compare and evaluate the features of the oral health behaviour and attitudes of preclinical and clinical dental students at Ain Shams University, a public Egyptian university. The Hiroshima University-Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) survey was provided to 149 (78 female/71 male) dental students. Dichotomised (agree/disagree) answers to 20 HU-DBI items were possible, with a maximum conceivable score of 19. An estimation of oral health behaviour and attitudes was calculated by the sum of correct oral health answers to every item by the study groups and evaluated statistically. The score of oral health-favouring answers was higher in clinical (11.50) than preclinical students (10.63) and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Single-item evaluations showed no statistical significance, except in one survey item. This survey exhibited weak differences in the improvement of oral hygiene behaviour and attitudes between participating preclinical and clinical students, as well as overall poor oral health behaviour in both groups. This inadequacy of Egyptian public dental education in terms of sufficient student oral health progress emphasises the necessity for supplementary courses and curricular reviews that accentuate the need for future dentists to display the correct oral health behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.D.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamal Ebeid
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonas Conrad
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.D.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oral Health Attitudes among Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124253. [PMID: 32549206 PMCID: PMC7344414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral health care providers are expected to show good examples of oral health behaviours and attitudes to their community. Previous studies displayed the constructive effect of dental education on oral hygiene manners of undergraduate students. The aim of this survey was to assess and compare aspects of oral health attitudes and behaviours between preclinical and clinical dental students in German universities. The German-language version of the HU-DBI was distributed to preclinical and clinical students from different German universities. Dichotomized (agree/disagree) responses to 20 HU-DBI items were provided in this study, with a maximum possible score of 19. A quantitative estimate of oral health attitudes and behaviours was provided by the total of appropriate answers given to every statement by each group. Data were analysed statistically. The overall mean score of answers favouring good oral hygiene was marginally higher in preclinical (14.62) than clinical students (14.31) but showed no statistical significance. Similarly, the analysis of each item individually displayed no statistically significant differences between preclinical and clinical participants, except in a single item of the survey. This study showed no effective differences in oral hygiene attitudes and behaviour between preclinical and clinical students in German universities. This reveals a weak effect of dental education on improving students' oral health attitudes in Germany and might demand the introduction of more courses emphasizing the importance of correct oral health behaviour of health care providers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fond G, Bourbon A, Boucekine M, Messiaen M, Barrow V, Auquier P, Lançon C, Boyer L. First-year French medical students consume antidepressants and anxiolytics while second-years consume non-medical drugs. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:71-76. [PMID: 31957694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First year exams are a major source of stress amongst first-year medical students. OBJECTIVE To explore antidepressant and anxiolytic consumption and addictive behavior of medical students before and after exams. METHODS Medical students of the 35 French medical schools were recruited through mailing lists and social networks between December 2016 and May 2017 and completed online Internet anonymized questionnaires. RESULTS Overall, 4345 medical students were included (3051 first year vs. 1294 second year). In multivariate analyses, compared to those in the first year of medicine, second year students were found to have lower anxiolytic (adjusted odd ratio (aOR)=0.56, p = 0.01) and antidepressant consumption (aOR=0.21, p<0.0001) but higher psychiatric follow-up (aOR=1.95, p<0.0001) after adjustment for age, gender and relationship status. Whilst second year students reported slightly higher quality of life (especially for mental health), they also reported more daily tobacco smoking (aOR=1.78, p<0.0001), more cannabis use disorders (aOR=2.37, p<0.0001), hazardous drinking (aOR=3.61, p<0.0001), and alcohol dependence (aOR=3.66, p<0.0001). Second year medical students reported fewer difficulties relating to studying in comparison to first year students (aOR=0.60, p<0.0001) yet they reported a higher rate of recreational drugs use with a variety of reasons including self-treatment of anxiety; disinhibition and to copy their peers (all p<0.05). LIMITS These results should be confirmed by longitudinal studies. CONCLUSION First year medical students who are faced with challenges relating to studying consume more antidepressants and anxiolytics, whilst second year students have a higher consumption of recreational drugs for a range of reasons. This suggests that the first two years at medical school are an important contributor to adverse mental health and therefore present a window of opportunity for preventative intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fond
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - A Bourbon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Boucekine
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Messiaen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - V Barrow
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - P Auquier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Lançon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Darawad MW, Rezk-Hanna M, Alhussami M, Lee J, Mostafa A, Abu-Rmeileh N, Kheirallah K, Salama M, Nakkash R, Saleh Z, Salloum R. Poly-Tobacco Use among Young Adult Waterpipe Smokers: Insights from University Students in Three Eastern Mediterranean Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2099-2108. [PMID: 32666880 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1790010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a tendency of waterpipe smokers to advance their practice toward concurrent use (poly-tobacco use) of other tobacco products and nicotine delivery systems. This study investigated poly-tobacco use among waterpipe smokers, and its effect on their quit intention. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized to recruit a convenience sample of university students who used waterpipe in three East Mediterranean countries. Using an internet-based survey, data were collected regarding participants' demographics, use of alternative tobacco products and nicotine delivery systems, and waterpipe quitting profile. Results: A total of 2290 students agreed to participate, among which 1116 (45.3%) reported using at least one tobacco product beside waterpipe. Poly-tobacco use was highest (61.1%) in Egypt, followed by Jordan (45.1%) and Palestine (33.1%). Across countries, cigarettes were the most common product (45.2%, n = 924) followed by cigar (18.6%, n = 374) and e-shisha (17.5%, n = 353). Conversely, the least reported product was smokeless tobacco (7.5%, n = 151) preceded by regular pipe (9.5%, n = 193). Participants who were males (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.18-3.65), older (22-29 years) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09-1.22), unemployed (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22-2.04), and those who initiated waterpipe at a younger age (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.87-0.91) had higher odds of being poly-smokers. Poly-tobacco users were significantly more resistant to quit waterpipe. Conclusion: This study demonstrates poly-tobacco use as a rising phenomenon among waterpipe smokers and highlights the necessity for initiating advanced interventions to help waterpipe poly-tobacco users quit this dangerous type of addiction. Various country-specific programs are needed considering the various products used by the users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Rezk-Hanna
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aya Mostafa
- Department of Community Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Niveen Abu-Rmeileh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health-Medical School, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Salama
- Clinical Nursing Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rima Nakkash
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeyad Saleh
- School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ramzi Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Balogh E, Wagner Z, Faubl N, Riemenschneider H, Voigt K, Terebessy A, Horváth F, Füzesi Z, Kiss I. Increasing Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use among Medical Students. Repeated Cross-Sectional Multicenter Surveys in Germany and Hungary, 2016-2018. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2109-2115. [PMID: 32646285 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1790011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is gaining popularity among young adults. Medical students' nicotine use behavior is of particular interest because of their impending role in health promotion. Objectives: Aim of our study is to assess changes that occurred between 2016 and 2018 in the prevalence of e-cigarette use among medical students and to explore associations between e-cigarette use, demographic characteristics, and cigarette smoking. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were used to obtain cross-sectional data of medical students in Budapest and Pécs, Hungary, and Dresden, Germany. Results: Sample sizes for 2016 and 2018 were 2297 and 1514, respectively. In the whole sample, past-30-day use of e-cigarettes increased from 4.5% to 8.0% (p < 0.001). The increase in e-cigarette use was significant in both genders (from 3.6% to 5.6% among females, p = 0.028, and from 5.9 to 11.4% among males, p < 0.001). Prevalence of e-cigarette use was higher among Hungarian students than among German students (2.2% versus 5.7% in 2016, and 4.1% versus 10.5% in 2018, p < 0.05 for both years). There was no significant difference in e-cigarette use among different academic years. The ratio of e-cigarette users increased significantly among current cigarette smokers but not among nonsmokers. We could not detect a decrease in cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Prevalence of e-cigarette use increased significantly among medical students without a reduction in cigarette smoking. Medical schools should add the topic of e-cigarettes to their curricula and need to develop cessation programs to help their students quit both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Balogh
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Wagner
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, United Health Institutions, City of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Faubl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Henna Riemenschneider
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karen Voigt
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - András Terebessy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Horváth
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Füzesi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bourbon A, Boyer L, Auquier P, Boucekine M, Barrow V, Lançon C, Fond G. Anxiolytic consumption is associated with tobacco smoking and severe nicotine dependence. Results from the national French medical students (BOURBON) study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109645. [PMID: 31082413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tobacco smoking remains common among medical students, something which may impact on their abililty to promote smoking cessation during their future careers. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of smoking and consumption among French medical students and explore the link between both the presence of psychosocial factors and consumption of psychotropic medication and the severity of nicotine dependence and daily smoking behavior. METHODS Medical students were recruited from 35 French universities of medicine through administration mailing lists and social networks, between December 13, 2016 and May 15, 2017. Data was collected via anonymized Internet questionnaire which included questions regarding current daily tobacco smoking behaviors. Severe nicotine dependence was defined by a short Fagerström test equal or >4. RESULTS 10,985 medical students with a mean aged of 21.8 years (+/-3.3) were included, 31.6% of which were male. 2078 (18.9%) were identified as current daily tobacco smokers and 59 (2.8%) were classed as having severe nicotine dependence. In multivariate analyses, tobacco smoking was independently associated with anxiolytic consumption, alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, financial difficulties, and history of sexual and physical assault. Severe nicotine dependence was independently associated with anxiolytic consumption, cannabis use disorder, domestic violence, physical assault and financial difficulties. CONCLUSION Tobacco smoking has been found in almost one on 5 medical students and is associated with anxiolytic consumption as well as professional and personal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bourbon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - P Auquier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Boucekine
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - V Barrow
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Lançon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - G Fond
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alqahtani F, Alqahtani M, Albaqawi AH, Al‐Kheraif AA, Javed F. Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:702-707. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of DentistryPrince Sattam Bin Abdul‐Aziz University Al‐Kharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Mana Alqahtani
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Heji Albaqawi
- Department of Prosthodontics Dental ScienceCollege of Dentistry, Hail University Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al‐Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health DepartmentCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral HealthUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York
- Laboratory for Periodontal‐, Implant‐, Phototherapy (LA‐PIP), School of Dental MedicineStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brożek GM, Jankowski M, Lawson JA, Shpakou A, Poznański M, Zielonka TM, Klimatckaia L, Loginovich Y, Rachel M, Gereová J, Golonko J, Naumau I, Kornicki K, Pepłowska P, Kovalevskiy V, Raskiliene A, Bielewicz K, Krištúfková Z, Mróz R, Majek P, Lubanski J, Kaleta D, Pinkas J, Zejda JE. The Prevalence of Cigarette and E-cigarette Smoking Among Students in Central and Eastern Europe-Results of the YUPESS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132297. [PMID: 31261697 PMCID: PMC6651674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternative to traditional tobacco cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students from Central and Eastern Europe and to investigate personal characteristics associated with cigarette and e-cigarette smoking. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was performed between 2017–2018 among university students in five European countries: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia. The questionnaire included 46 questions related to the frequency and habits of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes use. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 14,352 students (8800 medical; aged 20.9 ± 2.4 years) with an overall response rate of 72.2%. Two-thirds of the respondents had smoked a traditional tobacco cigarette and 43.7% had used an e-cigarette. Overall current smoking status included 12.3% traditional cigarette smokers, 1.1% e-cigarette users, and 1.8% were dual users with the remainder being non-smokers. Smoking status differed between the research centres (p < 0.001). Females were less likely to try either cigarettes (OR = 0.83) or e-cigarettes (OR = 0.62) and were less likely to be current cigarette (OR = 0.64), e-cigarette (OR = 0.34), or dual users (OR = 0.33) than males. Perception of e-cigarettes significantly differed between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.001). Among university students, cigarettes are more popular than e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Marek Brożek
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jankowski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Joshua Allan Lawson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, PO Box 23, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Andrei Shpakou
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 22 Ozheshko Str, 230023 Grodno, Belarus
| | - Michał Poznański
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital No. 1, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego 22 Str, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Maria Zielonka
- Department of Family Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Banacha Street 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludmila Klimatckaia
- Department of Social Pedagogy and Social Work, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, A. Lebedeva 89 Str, Krasnoyarsk 660017, Russia
| | - Yelena Loginovich
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, MLK, Eivenių 4Str, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Rachel
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a Str, 35-359 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2, Lwowska 60 Str, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justína Gereová
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 14 Str, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Justyna Golonko
- Student's Scientific Society at 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14 Str, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ihar Naumau
- Department of General Hygiene and Ecology, Grodno State Medical University, Gorkogo 80 Str, 230009 Grodno, Belarus
| | - Kamil Kornicki
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital No. 1, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego 22 Str, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Pepłowska
- Department of Family Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Banacha Street 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valeriy Kovalevskiy
- Department of Childhood Psychology, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, A. Lebedeva 89 Str, Krasnoyarsk 660017, Russia
| | - Asta Raskiliene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, MLK, Eivenių 4Str, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Krzysztof Bielewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a Str, 35-359 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zuzana Krištúfková
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 14 Str, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Robert Mróz
- 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14 Str, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Majek
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Lubanski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 Str, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pinkas
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Kleczewska 61/63 Str, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Eugeniusz Zejda
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|