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Negasa K, Huluka TK, Yebassa MA, Waqkene T. Utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated net and its associated factors among pregnant women in Dawo district, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1261254. [PMID: 38348378 PMCID: PMC10859520 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1261254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) is one of the most effective malaria prevention strategies, particularly among pregnant women. It has mosquito-killing repellent and physical barrier properties. Pregnant women, children under 5 years of age, and patients with HIV/AIDS, as well as non-immune migrants, mobile populations, and travelers, are the most vulnerable groups to malaria. Even when pregnant women are given priority, not all nets owned by households are used by pregnant women. Therefore, the risk of the occurrence of malaria during pregnancy is also high. Objective This study aimed to assess the utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated net and its associated factors among pregnant women in Dawo district, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023. Methods A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Dawo district, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from 21 to 30 April 2023. A total of 353 pregnant women were chosen through simple random sampling and interviewed face-to-face using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Before being exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23, the data were coded and entered into EPIDATA version 4.6. The study examined the prevalence of long-lasting insecticide-treated net use among pregnant women in the Dawo district using descriptive statistics. Analytical statistics, such as bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, were used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Statistical significance was determined using a P-value of <0.05 and adjusted odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets were utilized by 55.5% (95% CI: 50.4-60.7%) of all pregnant participants in the study, which was below the national target. Pregnant women who have antenatal care (ANC) contact for current pregnancy adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.95, 11.10), community-based health insurance (CBHI) enrollment (AOR = 2.38, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.38, 4.11), children under 5 years of age (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.62, 4.43), understanding that malaria poses a risk to fetuses (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.26, 8.41), and LLINs access (AOR = 12.47, 95% CI: 3.98, 39.08), were factors that significantly associated with LLIN utilization. Conclusion In conclusion, the utilization of LLINs was relatively low. ANC contact for current pregnancy, CBHI enrollment, having children under the age of 5, having a high income, and understanding that malaria poses a risk to fetuses were factors significantly associated with LLIN utilization among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumsa Negasa
- Department of Public Health, Dawo District Health Office, Woliso, Ethiopia
| | - Tufa Kolola Huluka
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Mecha Aboma Yebassa
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Tolossa Waqkene
- Department of Public Health, Dawo District Health Office, Woliso, Ethiopia
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Hessou-Djossou D, Djègbè I, Loko YLE, Boukari MKYG, Nonfodji OM, Tchigossou G, Djouaka R, Akogbeto M. Attitudes and prevention towards malaria in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in urban community in Benin, West Africa. Malar J 2023; 22:228. [PMID: 37542257 PMCID: PMC10401850 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and its damages have severely impacted the global healthcare system even in countries with the best systems. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), it could worsen the malaria situation in endemic countries such as Benin. This study was conducted to describe the potential effects of the pandemic on urban dwellers attitudes, prevention and treatment against malaria in four major cities of Benin. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Cotonou, Bohicon, Parakou and Natitingou, four urban cities of Benin. A total of 800 randomly selected households were interviewed. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS More than 90% of the participants interviewed had a good level of knowledge about the transmission and prevention of malaria in the cities surveyed. In contrast, low proportions of participants reported visiting health-care facilities when they suspected malaria. Compared to the proportions observed at Parakou and Natitingou, the low proportion of participants was statistically significant at Cotonou (Parakou: X2 = 31.345, df = 1, P < 0.0001; Natitingou: X2 = 17.471, df = 1, P < 0.0001). Among the reasons for not seeking care, these related to COVID-19 were the most mentioned. Moreover, the good education level of the participants was one of the factors associated with the non-use of healthcare facilities due to over-knowledgeable about Covid-19, which might have increased the fear to go to the health facilities. Finally, high proportions of self-medication practice were mentioned with high use of malaria drugs to treat both malaria and to protect against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The data show a negative impact of COVID-19 on visits to healthcare facilities for malarial treatment and malaria drugs usage by the population. It is, therefore, necessary to rebuild malaria programmes by integrating measures adapted to health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Hessou-Djossou
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM, Natitingou, Bénin.
| | - Innocent Djègbè
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM, Natitingou, Bénin
- Plateforme Agriculture Environnement Santé, Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale (IITA-Bénin), Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | | | - Odilon M Nonfodji
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM, Natitingou, Bénin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (LCEE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM, Natitingou, Bénin
| | - Geneviève Tchigossou
- Plateforme Agriculture Environnement Santé, Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale (IITA-Bénin), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Rousseau Djouaka
- Plateforme Agriculture Environnement Santé, Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale (IITA-Bénin), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Martin Akogbeto
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
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da Silva Ferreira Lima AC, Galardo AKR, Müller JN, de Andrade Corrêa APS, Ribeiro KAN, Silveira GA, Hijjar AV, Soares da Roch Bauzer LG, Lima JBP. Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:162. [PMID: 37173754 PMCID: PMC10182611 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cases of malaria in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. One of the vector control alternatives recommended by the WHO is the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN). This tool is used in the nine federal states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where LLINs are essential for reducing vector density and disease transmission as they prevent contact between the mosquito and the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residuality and use of LLIN insecticides in different health regions in a city located in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS A total of 17,027 LLINs were installed in the third, fifth and ninth health regions of the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil. The LLINs were of two types: Olyset (permethrin), for around the bed, and Interceptor (alphacypermethrin), for around hammocks. The residuality of 172 LLINs was evaluated using cone bioassays to verify the mortality rate of the mosquito Nyssorhynchus darlingi, over a period of 2 years. Structured questionnaires on the acceptance and use of LLINs were distributed to the participating population (n = 391), covering a total sample of 1147 mosquito nets. The mortality rate was evaluated both in terms of days after LLIN installation and the type of insecticide used. Statistical analyses were based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square and were performed using the SPSS statistical program. RESULTS For the Ny. darlingi mosquito, Interceptor-type LLINs showed residual efficacy, with mortality rates ≥ 80% during the 2-year study period, as determined by the WHO. In contrast, Olyset-type LLINs were associated with a reduction in mortality rates, with 76% and 45% mortality rates in the last two assessments, which occurred during the last 6 months of the study period. Based on the structured questionnaires, the acceptance rate, i.e. percentage of individuals accepting the permanence of the 1147 LLINs sampled, in the three health regions of Porto Velho was 93.8% (of 1076 LLINs). CONCLUSION The alphacypermethrin-impregnated LLIN was more effective than the LLIN impregnated with permethrin. The results indicate that the correct use of mosquito nets-and consequently the protection of the population-needs to be supported by health promotion actions. These initiatives are considered to be essential for the success of this vector control strategy. New studies that consider the monitoring of the placement of mosquito nets are necessary to provide effective support in the correct use of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina da Silva Ferreira Lima
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Josiane Nogueira Müller
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Corrêa
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Onen H, Luzala MM, Kigozi S, Sikumbili RM, Muanga CJK, Zola EN, Wendji SN, Buya AB, Balciunaitiene A, Viškelis J, Kaddumukasa MA, Memvanga PB. Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Their Control Strategies: An Overview Focused on Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles. INSECTS 2023; 14:221. [PMID: 36975906 PMCID: PMC10059804 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes act as vectors of pathogens that cause most life-threatening diseases, such as malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, Zika, West Nile, Lymphatic filariasis, etc. To reduce the transmission of these mosquito-borne diseases in humans, several chemical, biological, mechanical, and pharmaceutical methods of control are used. However, these different strategies are facing important and timely challenges that include the rapid spread of highly invasive mosquitoes worldwide, the development of resistance in several mosquito species, and the recent outbreaks of novel arthropod-borne viruses (e.g., Dengue, Rift Valley fever, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, etc.). Therefore, the development of novel and effective methods of control is urgently needed to manage mosquito vectors. Adapting the principles of nanobiotechnology to mosquito vector control is one of the current approaches. As a single-step, eco-friendly, and biodegradable method that does not require the use of toxic chemicals, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using active toxic agents from plant extracts available since ancient times exhibits antagonistic responses and broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on the different mosquito control strategies in general, and on repellent and mosquitocidal plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles in particular, has been reviewed. By doing so, this review may open new doors for research on mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Onen
- Department of Entomology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51/59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda
| | - Miryam M. Luzala
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Stephen Kigozi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala P.O. Box 1, Uganda
| | - Rebecca M. Sikumbili
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 190, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Claude-Josué K. Muanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eunice N. Zola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sébastien N. Wendji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aristote B. Buya
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aiste Balciunaitiene
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viškelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Martha A. Kaddumukasa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala P.O. Box 1, Uganda
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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A quasi-experimental study estimating the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets with and without piperonyl butoxide on pregnancy outcomes. Malar J 2022; 21:5. [PMID: 34983550 PMCID: PMC8725517 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-04034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the main vector control tool for pregnant women, but their efficacy may be compromised, in part, due to pyrethroid resistance. In 2017, the Ugandan Ministry of Health embedded a cluster randomized controlled trial into the national LLIN campaign, where a random subset of health subdistricts (HSDs) received LLINs treated with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a chemical synergist known to partially restore pyrethroid sensitivity. Using data from a small, non-randomly selected subset of HSDs, this secondary analysis used quasi-experimental methods to quantify the overall impact of the LLIN campaign on pregnancy outcomes. In an exploratory analysis, differences between PBO and conventional (non-PBO) LLINs on pregnancy outcomes were assessed. Methods Birth registry data (n = 39,085) were retrospectively collected from 21 health facilities across 12 HSDs, 29 months before and 9 months after the LLIN campaign (from 2015 to 2018). Of the 12 HSDs, six received conventional LLINs, five received PBO LLINs, and one received a mix of conventional and PBO LLINs. Interrupted time-series analyses (ITSAs) were used to estimate changes in monthly incidence of stillbirth and low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g) before-and-after the campaign. Poisson regression with robust standard errors modeled campaign effects, adjusting for health facility-level differences, seasonal variation, and time-varying maternal characteristics. Comparisons between PBO and conventional LLINs were estimated using difference-in-differences estimators. Results ITSAs estimated the campaign was associated with a 26% [95% CI: 7–41] reduction in stillbirth incidence (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.74 [0.59–0.93]) and a 15% [-7, 33] reduction in LBW incidence (IRR=0.85 [0.67–1.07]) over a 9-month period. The effect on stillbirth incidence was greatest for women delivering 7–9 months after the campaign (IRR=0.60 [0.41–0.87]) for whom the LLINs would have covered most of their pregnancy. The IRRs estimated from difference-in-differences analyses comparing PBO to conventional LLINs was 0.78 [95% CI: 0.52, 1.16] for stillbirth incidence and 1.15 [95% CI: 0.87, 1.52] for LBW incidence. Conclusions In this region of Uganda, where pyrethroid resistance is high, this study found that a mass LLIN campaign was associated with reduced stillbirth incidence. Effects of the campaign were greatest for women who would have received LLINs early in pregnancy, suggesting malaria protection early in pregnancy can have important benefits that are not necessarily realized through antenatal malaria services. Results from the exploratory analyses comparing PBO and conventional LLINs on pregnancy outcomes were inconclusive, largely due to the wide confidence intervals that crossed the null. Thus, future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Yokoly FN, Zahouli JBZ, Small G, Ouattara AF, Opoku M, de Souza DK, Koudou BG. Assessing Anopheles vector species diversity and transmission of malaria in four health districts along the borders of Côte d'Ivoire. Malar J 2021; 20:409. [PMID: 34663359 PMCID: PMC8524949 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire, limited data are available to help understand the malaria vector density and transmission dynamics in areas bordering the country. To address this gap, the Anopheles mosquito species diversity, the members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and the transmission of malaria were assessed in four health districts along the borders of Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS From July 2016 through December 2016 and July 2017 through December 2017, adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in four health districts of Côte d'Ivoire (Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods. The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically at species level and the members of the An. gambiae complex were separated using short interspersed nuclear element-based polymerase chain reaction (SINE-PCR). Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), Anopheles funestus s.l. and Anopheles nili specimens were analysed for malaria Plasmodium parasite detection using the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-I), and malaria prevalence among human population through local Ministry of Health (MoH) statistical yearbooks. RESULTS A total of 281 female Anopheles were collected in Aboisso, 754 in Bloléquin, 1319 in Odienné and 2443 in Ouangolodougou. Seven Anopheles species were recorded including An. gambiae s.l. (94.8-99.1%) as the main vector, followed by An. funestus s.l. (0.4-4.3%) and An. nili (0-0.7%). Among An. gambiae s.l., Anopheles coluzzii represented the predominant species in Aboisso (89.2%) and Bloléquin (92.2%), while An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) was the major species in Odienné (96.0%) and Ouangolodougou (94.2%). The Plasmodium sporozoite infection rate in An. gambiae s.l. was highest in Odienné (11.0%; n = 100) followed by Bloléquin (7.8%, n = 115), Aboisso (3.1%; n = 65) and Ouangologoudou (2.5%; n = 120). In An. funestus s.l., Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection rate was estimated at 6.2% (n = 32) in Bloléquin, 8.7% (n = 23) in Odienné. No An. funestus s.l. specimens were found infected with P. falciparum sporozoite infection in Ouangolodougou and Aboisso. No P. falciparum sporozoite was detected in An. nili specimens in the four health districts. Among the local human populations, malaria incidence was higher in Odienné (39.7%; n = 45,376) and Bloléquin (37.6%; n = 150,205) compared to that in Ouangolodougou (18.3%; n = 131,629) and Aboisso (19.7%; n = 364,585). CONCLUSION Anopheles vector species diversity, abundance and Plasmodium sporozoite infection were high within the health districts along the borders of the country of Côte d'Ivoire, resulting in high malaria transmission among the local populations. Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. were found to be highly infected with Plasmodium in the health districts of Bloléquin and Odienné where higher malaria incidence was observed than the other districts. This study provides important information that can be used to guide Côte d'Ivoire National Malaria Control Programme for vector control decision-making, mainly in districts that are at the country borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firmain N Yokoly
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. .,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Julien B Z Zahouli
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Graham Small
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Allassane F Ouattara
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Millicent Opoku
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dziedzom K de Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benjamin G Koudou
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Kumar R, Farzeen M, Ahmed J, Lal M, Somrongthong R. Predictors of knowledge and use of long-lasting insecticidal nets for the prevention of malaria among the pregnant women in Pakistan. Malar J 2021; 20:347. [PMID: 34425857 PMCID: PMC8381575 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is endemic to Pakistan with high prevalence among pregnant women and linked with maternal anaemia, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and low birth weight. The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is a proven and cost-effective intervention preventing malaria among pregnant women. The present study aimed to explore predictors of knowledge and use of LLINs among pregnant women in Pakistan. Methods This was part of a quasi-experimental study of 200 pregnant women conducted in a rural district of Sindh province in Pakistan. Data were collected using Malaria Indicator Survey questionnaires developed by Roll Back Malaria Partnership to end Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group. Pregnant women and mothers with newborns of six months of age were interviewed in their homes. Results The age of the women was from 18 to 45, two thirds of the respondents (72.5%) were uneducated and married (77%). Majority (92%) of the women had received antenatal care during pregnancy, and 29.5% women had received counseling on malaria during their antenatal care visits. Multiple linear regression showed that the type of latrine was the most significant (β = 0.285, p < 0.001) determinant of knowledge about malaria among pregnant women followed by the death of a newborn (β = 0.271, p < 0.001). The use of mobile phone was the most significant (β = 0.247, p < 0.001) predictor of usage of LLINs among pregnant women followed by the death of a newborn (β = 0.232, p < 0.05). Conclusions Maternal education, type of latrine, use of mobile phone, malaria during previous pregnancy and newborn death were strong predictors of knowledge and use of LLINs in pregnant women in Pakistan. There is a need to scale-up programmes that aim to create awareness regarding malaria among pregnant women. Mobile phone technology can be used to implement awareness programmes focusing on malaria prevention among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Health Services Academy, Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Midhat Farzeen
- Health Services Academy, Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Manohar Lal
- Health Services Academy, Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ratana Somrongthong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Djènontin A, Bouraima A, Soares C, Egbinola S, Cottrell G. Human biting rhythm of Anopheles gambiae Giles, 1902 (Diptera: Culicidae) and sleeping behaviour of pregnant women in a lagoon area in Southern Benin. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:200. [PMID: 34022919 PMCID: PMC8141146 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the framework of EVALMOUS study aiming to assess the use and effectiveness of mosquito nets by pregnant women and other members of their household in a lagoon area in southern Benin, the behaviour of pregnant women relative to the time they go to bed using the net were recorded. Malaria vectors biting rhythm, Plasmodium falciparum infection and insecticide resistance genes in malaria vectors were also determined. Results Overall, 3848 females of Anopheles gambiae s. l were collected and 280 pregnant women responded to the survey. Almost all Anopheles gambiae s. l. tested were Anopheles coluzzi Coetzee and Wilkerson 2013 (Diptera: Culicidae). The CSP index in malaria vector was 1.85% and the allelic frequency of kdr gene was 74.4%. Around 90% of bites and Plasmodium falciparum Welch, 1897 (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) transmission occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., which coincides with the period when more than 80% of pregnant women were under bednet. Despite a slight early evening and early morning biting activity of malaria vectors in the study area, the good use of nets might remain a useful protection tool against mosquito biting and malaria transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05615-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel Djènontin
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin. .,Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin.
| | - Aziz Bouraima
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Christophe Soares
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | - Gilles Cottrell
- UMR216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 75006, Paris, France
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Mahamar A, Andemel N, Swihart B, Sidibe Y, Gaoussou S, Barry A, Traore M, Attaher O, Dembele AB, Diarra BS, Keita S, Dicko A, Duffy PE, Fried M. Malaria infection is common and associated with perinatal mortality and preterm delivery despite widespread use of chemoprevention in Mali: an observational study 2010 to 2014. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1355-1361. [PMID: 33846719 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In malaria-endemic areas, pregnant women and especially first-time mothers are more susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria diagnosis is often missed during pregnancy, since many women with placental malaria remain asymptomatic or have submicroscopic parasitemia, masking the association between malaria and pregnancy outcomes Severe maternal anemia and low birthweight deliveries are well-established sequelae, but few studies have confirmed the relationship between malaria infection and severe outcomes like perinatal mortality in high transmission zones. METHODS Pregnant women of any gestational age enrolled at antenatal clinic into a longitudinal cohort study in Ouelessebougou, Mali, an area of high seasonal malaria transmission. Follow-up visits included scheduled and unscheduled visits throughout pregnancy. Blood smear microscopy and PCR analysis were employed to detect both microscopic and submicroscopic infections, respectively. Intermittent preventative treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) was documented and prompt treatment regardless of symptoms given upon malaria diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 1850 women followed through delivery, 72.6% of women received 2 or more IPTp-SP doses, 67.2% of women experienced at least one infection between enrollment up to and including delivery. Malaria infection increased the risks of stillbirth (adjusted-hazard ratio (aHR) 3.87, 95%CI 1.18-12.71) and preterm delivery (aHR 2.41, 95%CI 1.35-4.29) in primigravidae, and early neonatal death (death within 7 days) in secundigravidae and multigravidae (HR 6.30, 95%CI 1.41-28.15). CONCLUSIONS Malaria treatment after diagnosis, alongside IPTp-SP, is insufficient to prevent malaria-related stillbirth, early neonatal death and PTD. While IPTp-SP was beneficial in Mali during the study period, new tools are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Naissem Andemel
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce Swihart
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Youssoufa Sidibe
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Santara Gaoussou
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Barry
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Traore
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Attaher
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama B Dembele
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bacary S Diarra
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekouba Keita
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako;, Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michal Fried
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Hounkonnou CPA, Briand V, Fievet N, Accrombessi M, Yovo E, Mama A, Sossou D, Vianou B, Massougbodji A, Ndam NT, Cot M, Cottrell G. Dynamics of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Infections Throughout Pregnancy: A Preconception Cohort Study in Benin. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:166-174. [PMID: 32215629 PMCID: PMC7312237 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of global malaria elimination efforts, special attention is being paid to submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections. In pregnant, sub-Saharan African women, such infections are more prevalent than microscopic infections, and are thought to have adverse effects on both mothers' and newborns' health. However, no study has studied the dynamics and determinants of these infections throughout pregnancy. Retard de Croissance Intra-uterin et Paludisme (RECIPAL), a preconception cohort study carried out in Benin between 2014 and 2017, represented a unique opportunity to assess this issue. METHODS We used data from 273 pregnant Beninese women who were followed-up from preconception to delivery. We studied the dynamics of and factors influencing submicroscopic (and microscopic) P. falciparum infections during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy, using an ordinal logistic mixed model. RESULTS The incidence rate of submicroscopic P. falciparum infections during pregnancy was 12.7 per 100 person-months (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.8-14.9), compared to 6.7 per 100 person-months (95% CI 5.5-8.1) for microscopic infections. The prevalences were highest in the first trimester for both submicroscopic and microscopic infections. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, we found that those of young age and those with a submicroscopic P. falciparum infection prior to pregnancy were at significantly higher risks of submicroscopic and microscopic infections throughout pregnancy, with a more pronounced effect in the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The first trimester of pregnancy is a particularly high-risk period for P. falciparum infection during pregnancy, especially for the youngest women. Malaria prevention tools covering the preconception period and early pregnancy are urgently needed to better protect pregnant women and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornélia P A Hounkonnou
- Université de Paris, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical: pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Briand
- Université de Paris, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical: pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Fievet
- Université de Paris, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical: pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Yovo
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Atikatou Mama
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Darius Sossou
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Bertin Vianou
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Nicaise Tuikue Ndam
- Université de Paris, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical: pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
| | - Michel Cot
- Université de Paris, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical: pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- Université de Paris, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical: pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Bénin
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11
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Olukosi AY, Olakiigbe A, Ajibaye O, Orok BA, Aina OO, Akindele SK, Akinyele OO, Onajole AT, Awolola ST, Arowolo T, Afolabi BM. Socio-economic behavioural indicators of falciparum malaria parasitaemia and moderate to severe anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Malar J 2020; 19:393. [PMID: 33160357 PMCID: PMC7648425 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of malaria and anaemia are of public health importance especially in pregnant women in endemic regions, due to the negative health consequences to the mother and fetus. This study aimed to assess the pattern of falciparum malaria infection and anaemia, based on malaria prevention methods practiced by participants. Methods A semi-structured tool was used to capture information on demographic, socio-economic and malaria prevention practices from 113 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in 2 peri-urban health facilities in Lagos, southwest Nigeria. Malaria microscopy was conducted and haematocrit was measured. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the data collated from the survey. Results The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 87.2%. The mean (± sd) packed cell volume (PCV) (%) of the 22 (19.5%) infected subjects (26.8 ± 6.6), was significantly lower (t = −2.60, P value = 0.007) than that of the 91 (80.5%) uninfected subjects (30.8 ± 6.0). The prevalence of infection was highest in the 3rd trimester (n = 40, 35.4%) at 27.5% (11/40) and among those in their first pregnancy (n = 32, 28.3%) at 25.0% (8/32). There was a significant difference (t = −2.23, P-value = 0.01) in the mean PCV % of pregnant women who consumed herbal teas in pregnancy (28.2 ± 5.2) compared to those who did not (30.8 ± 6.6). Regression analysis showed that first pregnancy, anti-malarial use and insecticide-treated nets use the night before study had increased odds of malaria infection in participants (OR = 1.35, P = 0.006, 95% CI 0.52−2.49; OR = 2.3, P = 0.005, 95% CI 0.14−0.41; OR = 1.92, P = 0.001, 95% CI 0.62−5.98) while intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) participation and formal education were strongly and significantly associated with lower risk of parasitaemia (OR = 0.95, P = 0.025, 95% CI 0.41−2.26; OR = 0.44, P = 0.005, 95% CI 0.34−10.50). Conclusion Interventions that will reduce malaria and moderate to severe anaemia, especially in a first pregnancy, should include education on the correct use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLIN), IPT and the dangers of herbal teas in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Y Olukosi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Abiodun Olakiigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Ajibaye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bassey A Orok
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga O Aina
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samuel K Akindele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke O Akinyele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.,College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.,Health, Environment and Development Foundation, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Samson T Awolola
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Arowolo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.,College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.,Health, Environment and Development Foundation, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
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12
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Accrombessi M, Yovo E, Fievet N, Cottrell G, Agbota G, Gartner A, Martin-Prevel Y, Vianou B, Sossou D, Fanou-Fogny N, Djossinou D, Massougbodji A, Cot M, Briand V. Effects of Malaria in the First Trimester of Pregnancy on Poor Maternal and Birth Outcomes in Benin. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:1385-1393. [PMID: 30561538 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria in the first half of pregnancy is harmful for both the mother and her fetus. However, malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy, when women are usually not protected against malaria, has been little investigated. For the first time, we assessed the effects of malaria in the first trimester on maternal and birth outcomes using a preconceptional study design. METHODS From June 2014 to March 2017, 1214 women of reproductive age were recruited and followed monthly until 411 became pregnant. The pregnant women were then followed from 5-6 weeks of gestation until delivery. Path analysis was used to assess the direct effect (ie, not mediated by malaria in the second or third trimester) of malaria in the first trimester on maternal anemia and poor birth outcomes. The cumulative effect of infections during pregnancy on the same outcomes was also evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of malaria infections in the first trimester was 21.8%. Malaria in the first trimester was significantly associated with maternal anemia in the third trimester (adjusted odds ratio 2.25, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.55). While we did not find evidence of any direct effect of first trimester malaria infections on birth outcomes, their association with infections later in pregnancy tended to increase the risk of low birth weights. CONCLUSIONS Malaria infections in the first trimester were highly prevalent and have deleterious effects on maternal anemia. They highlight the need for additional preventive measures, starting in early pregnancy or even before conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Accrombessi
- Joint Research Unit 216, Mothers and Children Facing Tropical Infections (MERIT), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Emmanuel Yovo
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Nadine Fievet
- Joint Research Unit 216, Mothers and Children Facing Tropical Infections (MERIT), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- Joint Research Unit 216, Mothers and Children Facing Tropical Infections (MERIT), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Gino Agbota
- Joint Research Unit 216, Mothers and Children Facing Tropical Infections (MERIT), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Agnès Gartner
- UJoint Research Unit 204, Nutrition and Food of the Populations in the South (NUTRIPASS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université de Montpellier, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Martin-Prevel
- UJoint Research Unit 204, Nutrition and Food of the Populations in the South (NUTRIPASS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université de Montpellier, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertin Vianou
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Darius Sossou
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Nadia Fanou-Fogny
- Ecole de Nutrition et des Sciences et Technologies Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Diane Djossinou
- UJoint Research Unit 204, Nutrition and Food of the Populations in the South (NUTRIPASS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université de Montpellier, SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Ecole de Nutrition et des Sciences et Technologies Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Michel Cot
- Joint Research Unit 216, Mothers and Children Facing Tropical Infections (MERIT), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Valérie Briand
- Joint Research Unit 216, Mothers and Children Facing Tropical Infections (MERIT), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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13
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Hounkonnou CPA, Ndam NT, Fievet N, Accrombessi M, Yovo E, Mama A, Sossou D, Vianou B, Massougbodji A, Briand V, Cot M, Cottrell G. Sub-optimal Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) is associated with an increased risk of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study in Benin. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3759-e3767. [PMID: 32901806 PMCID: PMC8662796 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Harmful maternal and neonatal health outcomes result from malaria in pregnancy, the prevention of which primarily relies on intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). The World Health Organization recommends IPTp-SP in sub-Saharan Africa, but implementation is highly heterogeneous and often suboptimal in terms of the number of doses and their timing. In this study, we assessed the impact of this heterogeneity on malaria in pregnancy, mainly with respect to submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections. Methods We used data from 273 Beninese women followed throughout pregnancy. Screening for P. falciparum infections, using both microscopy-based and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based methods, was performed monthly, and information on IPTp-SP doses was collected. Gestational age was estimated by repeated ultrasound scans. Using a negative binomial model, we investigated the effect of IPTp-SP doses and timing after 17 weeks of gestation on the number of P. falciparum infections, focusing on submicroscopic infections detectable only by PCR. Results At least 2 IPTp-SP doses were taken by 77.3% of the women. The median gestational age at the first IPTp-SP dose was 22 weeks. A late first IPTp-SP dose (>21.2 weeks) was marginally associated with an increased number of P. falciparum infections (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.3; P = .098). The number of IPTp-SP doses was not associated with the number of submicroscopic infections (aIRR = 1.2, P = .543). Conclusions A late first IPTp-SP dose failed to provide optimal protection against P. falciparum, especially submicroscopic infections. This highlights the need for a new antimalarial drug for IPTp that could be taken early in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornélia P A Hounkonnou
- Université de Paris, MERIT, IRD, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Manfred Accrombessi
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Yovo
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Atikatou Mama
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Darius Sossou
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Bertin Vianou
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | | | - Valérie Briand
- IRD, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, IDLIC team, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Cot
- Université de Paris, MERIT, IRD, Paris, France
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Dahmana H, Mediannikov O. Mosquito-Borne Diseases Emergence/Resurgence and How to Effectively Control It Biologically. Pathogens 2020; 9:E310. [PMID: 32340230 PMCID: PMC7238209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deadly pathogens and parasites are transmitted by vectors and the mosquito is considered the most threatening vector in public health, transmitting these pathogens to humans and animals. We are currently witnessing the emergence/resurgence in new regions/populations of the most important mosquito-borne diseases, such as arboviruses and malaria. This resurgence may be the consequence of numerous complex parameters, but the major cause remains the mismanagement of insecticide use and the emergence of resistance. Biological control programmes have rendered promising results but several highly effective techniques, such as genetic manipulation, remain insufficiently considered as a control mechanism. Currently, new strategies based on attractive toxic sugar baits and new agents, such as Wolbachia and Asaia, are being intensively studied for potential use as alternatives to chemicals. Research into new insecticides, Insect Growth Regulators, and repellent compounds is pressing, and the improvement of biological strategies may provide key solutions to prevent outbreaks, decrease the danger to at-risk populations, and mitigate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handi Dahmana
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
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15
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Sovi A, Govoétchan R, Ossé R, Koukpo CZ, Salako AS, Syme T, Anagonou R, Fongnikin A, Nwangwu UC, Oké-Agbo F, Tokponnon F, Padonou GG, Akogbeto MC. Resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides following the 2011 mass distribution campaign of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in the Plateau Department, south-eastern Benin. Malar J 2020; 19:26. [PMID: 31941494 PMCID: PMC6964090 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2011, Benin’s National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) organized a nationwide mass distribution campaign of LLINs throughout the country. Following this intervention, it was important to assess whether the level of susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides had remained the same as compared to the pre-intervention period. The current study investigated this. Methods Larval collections were conducted in Ifangni, Sakété, Pobè and Kétou districts located in Plateau department, Southeastern Benin before (2009) and after (2012–2013) LLIN distribution. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) larvae from the 4 study districts were reared to adulthood and WHO susceptibility tests were conducted. The insecticides tested were deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and DDT (4%). Molecular species identification as well as, the characterization of the kdr L1014F mutation were also performed in the An. gambiae s.l. complex using PCR method. Results Overall, a significant decrease in mortality rates of An. gambiae s.l. to deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%) and DDT (4%) was observed post-LLIN distribution, respectively: (100% vs 80.9%, p < 0.0001), (77.5% vs 70%, p = 0.01) and, (47.8% vs 4.4%, p < 0.0001). By contrast, susceptibility of vectors to bendiocarb (0.1%) remained the same (100% mortality in the WHO susceptibility tube tests) pre- and post-intervention. An increase in the kdr L1014F frequency was observed post-LLIN distribution [F(kdr) = 0.91)] compared to the pre-intervention period [F(kdr) = 0.56], p < 0.0001. Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae were the two molecular species identified in the study area. Conclusion The decrease susceptibility to pyrethroids and DDT as well as, the increase in the frequency of the kdr L1014F mutation after the intervention stressed at the time, the need for the development and implementation of effective insecticide resistance management strategies. At present, an update of the vectors resistance status in the area is also necessary for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Sovi
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin. .,Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou (UP), BP123, Parakou, Bénin. .,Disease Control Department, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Renaud Govoétchan
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou (UP), BP123, Parakou, Bénin
| | - Razaki Ossé
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Ecole de Gestion et d'Exploitation des Systèmes d'Elevage, Université Nationale d'Agriculture, BP 43, Kétou, Bénin
| | - Come Z Koukpo
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 32, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Albert S Salako
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 32, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Thomas Syme
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Disease Control Department, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rodrigue Anagonou
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Augustin Fongnikin
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 32, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Udoka C Nwangwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), 33 Park Avenue, GRA, PMB 01573, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Frédéric Oké-Agbo
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Statistics and Actuarial Science Department, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA
| | | | - Gil Germain Padonou
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 32, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Martin Codjo Akogbeto
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, 06BP2604, Cotonou, Bénin
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Namountougou M, Soma DD, Kientega M, Balboné M, Kaboré DPA, Drabo SF, Coulibaly AY, Fournet F, Baldet T, Diabaté A, Dabiré RK, Gnankiné O. Insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae complex populations from Burkina Faso, West Africa. Acta Trop 2019; 197:105054. [PMID: 31175862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vector control constitutes a fundamental approach in reducing vector density and the efficient option to break malaria transmission in Africa. Malaria vectors developed resistance to almost all classes of insecticides recommended by WHO for vector control in most places of African countries and may compromise the vector control strategies. This study updated the resistance status of Anopheles gambiae complex populations to insecticides recommended for vector control in the western part of Burkina Faso. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were performed on seven natural populations of An. gambiae complex from western Burkina Faso in the 2016 rainy season using the WHO protocol. Biochemical assays were carried out according to the WHO protocol on the same populations to estimate detoxifying enzymes activities including non-specific esterases (NSEs), oxidases (cytochrome P450) and Glutathione-S-Transferases (GSTs). Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) were performed for the identification of the An. gambiae complex species as well as the detection of kdr-west and ace-1 mutations. Susceptibility bioassays showed that An. gambiae complex was multi-resistant to pyrethroids, DDT and carbamates in almost all areas. The mortality rates ranged from 10 to 38%, 2.67 to 59.57% and 64.38 to 98.02% for Deltamethrin, DDT and Bendiocarb respectively. A full susceptibility (100%) to an organophosphate, the Chlorpyrifos-methyl, was observed at the different sites. Three (3) species of the An. gambiae complex were identified: An. gambiae s.s, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis. The frequencies of the kdr-w mutation were highly widespread (0.66 to 0.98) among the three species of the complex. The ace-1 mutation was detected at low frequencies (0 to 0.12) in An. gambiae s.s and An. coluzzii. A high level of GSTs and NSEs were observed within the different populations of the An. gambiae complex. Several mechanisms of insecticide resistance were found simultaneously in the same populations of An. gambiae complex conferring high multi-resistance to DDT, Carbamate and Pyrethroids. The full susceptibility of An. gambiae complex to organophosphates is a useful data for the national malaria control program in selecting the most appropriate products to both maintain the effectiveness of vector control strategies and best manage insecticide resistance as well as developing new alternative strategies for the control of major malaria vectors in Burkina Faso.
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