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Salim AA, Nasr EF, Dean YE, Loayza Pintado JJ, Elsaid NMAB, Hazimeh Y, Ragheb MM, Aiash H. Physical activity patterns among obese adults attending rural primary health care units, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37328. [PMID: 38428901 PMCID: PMC10906609 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an ignored health problem in all countries; there are a lot of health problems related directly or indirectly to overweight and obesity. The incidence of COVID-19 with social isolation and technological development in recent years strongly contributed to a progressive increase in obesity. . Assess the pattern of the 3 divisions of physical activity and sedentary behaviors in obese patients. Physical inactivity is a significant concern, especially among individuals with obesity and certain demographic characteristics. Addressing these factors and promoting physical activity interventions tailored to specific populations is essential in combating sedentary behavior and its associated health implications.This case-control study included 350 adult obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) and 75 people with normal BMI (18.5-24.9). Their sociodemographic data were analyzed and their pattern of physical activity related to work, movement to and from places for 10 minutes, and pattern of recreational activity were assessed, in addition to the assessment of the sedentary behaviors. The mean age of the study group was 34 years, the majority were females, educated, and working. Forty five percent of the total sample were physically inactive; the pattern of activity during travel to and from places (10 min) was lower in obese patients. Recreational activities were low in the studied population, in the present study the time spent sitting or reclining (except sleeping) was significantly higher among obese participants than controls (P ≤ .001). Obesity, urban residence, unemployment and illiteracy were independent risk factors for physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaza A Salim
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Eman Fahmey Nasr
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Yomna E Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Alexandria Medical Center (AMC), Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Noha M Abu Bakr Elsaid
- Department of Public Health, Community, Environmental and Occupational, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M Ragheb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Hani Aiash
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
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Shakya S, Shrestha V, Neupane D. Social determinants of health and cardiometabolic risk factors in Nepal: A scoping review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2308-2316. [PMID: 37798230 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiometabolic risk factors are modifiable contributors to cardiometabolic disease and adverse outcomes. Cardiometabolic risk factors are emerging health concerns among adults in low and middle-income countries. The role of social determinants of health on cardiometa gaps. DATA SYNTHESIS A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science (Clarivate), and CINAHL (EBSCO). Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Scoping Review methodology and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews-SCRA guided this review. Forty-four cross-sectional studies published between 2010 and 2022 were eligible for this review. Men were more likely to have hypertension, while women were more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity. Participants from marginalized caste/ethnicity, urban regions, and those with lower education, and greater wealth index had a greater likelihood of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia; however, differences across these sociodemographic subgroups are narrowing. Smoking, harmful alcohol use, high salt intake, low fruit and vegetable intake, and sedentary lifestyles were associated with one or more cardiometabolic risk factors. Finally, one cardiometabolic risk factor increased the risk of others. CONCLUSIONS Findings reflect that Nepal is at the intersection of rapid urbanization, nutritional transition, and socioeconomic shift. Future studies should take a multilevel approach to investigate the role of social determinants in increasing the cardiometabolic risk burden in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamatree Shakya
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | | | - Dinesh Neupane
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Montenegro Mendoza R, Roa R, Fontes F, Moreno Velásquez I, Quintana H. Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour among Panamanian Adults: Results from the National Health Survey of Panama (ENSPA) 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085554. [PMID: 37107836 PMCID: PMC10138807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PI) has been described as an independent risk factor for a large number of major non-communicable diseases and is associated with an increased risk of premature death. Additionally, sedentary behaviour has been associated with increased overall mortality. We estimated the national prevalence of PI and sedentary behaviour using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2. Using unconditional logistic regressions, the possible risk factors for PI were assessed. Over half of the people included in this study (54.9%; 95% CI: 54.1-57.3%) were physically inactive, with the median time spent engaged in sedentary behaviour being 120 min per day. Statistically significant associations with PI were observed with regard to sex, living area, and alcohol consumption. PI prevalence in Panama was elevated and showed a sex difference (women: 64.7%, 95% CI: 63.7-66.7%; men: 43.4%, 95% CI: 41.5-47.5%). According to our analysis of three-domain-related physical activities, the main contribution to the total estimated energy expenditure of physical activity/week came from the transport domain, followed by the work/household domain, and the least significant contributor was consistently the domain of exercise- and sports-related physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Montenegro Mendoza
- Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-527-4961
| | - Reina Roa
- Planning Directorate, Ministry of Health, Panama City 4444, Panama
| | - Flavia Fontes
- Dietetic and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City 3366, Panama
| | - Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Hedley Quintana
- Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
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Validation of the 24-hour perceived exertion recall survey (PERS) in women in rural Tigray, Ethiopia. Curr Dev Nutr 2023. [PMID: 37547061 PMCID: PMC10401292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity affects nutritional status and health. Currently, there are few validated survey tools for estimating physical activity in rural areas of low-income countries, including Ethiopia, which limits the ability of researchers to assess how physical activity affects nutritional status. Objectives This study used accelerometry to validate 2 in-person questionnaires, the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and the 24-h perceived exertion recall survey (PERS). Methods This study recruited 180 women aged between 18 and 45 y living in rural Tigray, Ethiopia. Participants had previously participated in an impact evaluation of a public work safety net. They wore an accelerometer for 8 d and responded to perceived exertion questionnaires twice. Data were collected on 89 women during the short rainy period and 91 women during the main rainy season. A survey method was considered valid if the proportion of time spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels had a Pearson's correlation coefficient of >0.40 to the proportion of time spent in MVPA recorded by accelerometry. Results The GPAQ had high reliability, but the overall validity was poorer than accelerometry. The proportion of time spent in MVPA according to the accelerometer was associated with discordance between GPAQ and accelerometry. MVPA levels, as measured by the 24-h PERS, had a fair agreement with accelerometry. The agreement increased to moderate/acceptable when adjusted for season and BMI. Conclusions The 24-h PERS is a valid tool for estimating the physical activity of women living in rural highland Ethiopia. It can be used in future research to understand the physical activity demands of living in rural highland Ethiopia, enabling more targeted programs to address undernutrition.
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Islam FMA, Islam MA, Hosen MA, Lambert EA, Maddison R, Lambert GW, Thompson BR. Associations of physical activity levels, and attitudes towards physical activity with blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280879. [PMID: 36735692 PMCID: PMC9897582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is important for the control of high blood pressure (hypertension). We aimed to investigate the associations of current physical activity levels, sedentary time, knowledge of and attitude towards physical activity with blood pressure in people with hypertension in a rural area in Bangladesh. METHODS A total of 307 adults aged 30 to 75 years with hypertension were recruited from the Banshgram Union of Narial district as part of a cluster-randomized control trial. Current blood pressure was measured as the outcome variable. Associated variables included physical activity at work, travel to and from places, recreational activity, metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min, sedentary time, and awareness of and attitudes towards physical activity. Rasch analysis was used to compute a combined score from the five awareness of and attitudes towards physical activity items and categorized into 0-40 (towards negative attitude), 41-60 score (mixed attitude) and 61-100 (positive attitude). We used a generalised linear model to analyze the data. RESULTS Participants (n = 68, 22.1%) who engaged in vigorous-intensity physical activity that causes large increases in breathing or heart rate like carrying or lifting heavy loads, digging or construction work for at least 10 minutes continuously had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean (95% confidence interval (CI)), 143.6 (140.1, 147.2)) compared to those who did not take part in a vigorous-intensity physical activity (mean (95% CI), 150 (147.6, 152.3)). MET-min less than 600 min/week was significantly associated with higher SBP 153.8 (148.1, 159.6) than MET-min 600-2999 min/week 148.0 (143.0, 152.9) and MET-min>3000 min/week 146.9 (144.5, 149.3), p = 0.001 for trend. Sitting time more than four hours a day was associated with higher DBP 91.4 (89.7, 93.0) compared to those who had sitting time less than fours a day 88.6 (87.1, 90.1). People with positive attitudes were associated with a reduced SBP of 10.6 (0.36, 20.8) mmHg and DBP 5.88 (0.47, 11.3) compared to the people who had a negative attitude towards taking part in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Participating in high physical activity and positive attitudes towards physical activity were associated with lower blood pressure levels. Physical activity awareness programs should be implemented to increase awareness of health benefits and increase participation in high physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Amirul Islam
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mohammad Arzan Hosen
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
| | - Elisabeth A. Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Thompson
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behaviour on Physical Activity Intention among Secondary School Teachers of Nepal. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6953632. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6953632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle which requires energy expenditure is known as physical activity (PA). WHO has recommended that at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA or a combination of both per week is required for health benefits. Physical inactivity is one of the strongest risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and other conditions and is attributable to 6% of global premature death. However, data on the PA of teachers are unavailable in Nepal. They are considered one of the risk groups for NCDs because of the less active nature of their job. So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour on PA intention among secondary school teachers in Bhaktapur district, Nepal. For this study, we recruited 126 teachers from 6 schools. Each intervention and control group contained three randomly selected secondary schools. All the teachers from the selected schools were enrolled in the respective groups. A quasiexperimental (pretest-posttest control group) study design was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention on attitude, behaviour control, subjective norms, and intention for engaging in regular PA. Both groups underwent baseline and follow-up assessments at four weeks using the self-administered questionnaire developed for this study. The intervention group delivered a one-hour lecture session supported by audio-video materials for PA promotion. The effect was analysed by comparing the changes in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs within and between intervention and control groups. The difference in scores between and within the groups was tested using Student’s
-test. Adjusted difference-in-difference scores were calculated through linear regression. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0. The adjusted mean score increase in TPB constructs due to the interaction of time and intervention increased from 0.641 to 1.381. The highest gain (
) was seen in the intention score, while a minor improvement was seen in perceived behavioural control (
). After the intervention, the net increase in PA intention score was 9.35% compared to the control group. Thus, the promotion package was effective in increasing PA intention. The findings of this study and educational package could be helpful in encouraging teachers to engage in PA in other schools.
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Bhattarai S, Nerhus Larsen R, Shrestha A, Karmacharya B, Sen A. Association between socioeconomic positions and overweight/obesity in rural Nepal. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952665. [PMID: 36159479 PMCID: PMC9501994 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionObesity and its association with socioeconomic factors are well-established. However, the gradient of this relationship among rural populations in low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal is not fully understood. We sought to assess the association of socioeconomic factors (education, income, and employment status) with overweight/obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 260 participants aged ≥18 years and attending a rural health center in Dolakha, Nepal. Self-reported data on demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors was collected, and weight and height were measured for all the study participants. Those with a body mass index of <25 kg/m2 were regarded as non-overweight/obese and those with ≥25 kg/m2 were regarded as overweight/obese. Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and overweight/obesity. In addition, we assessed the effect of modification by age and gender to study the effect of socioeconomic factors on overweight/obesity.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher for individuals with higher education (23%) and high-income (32%) and those who were unemployed (42%). Compared to the low-income and no formal education groups, the prevalence ratio of overweight/ obesity was 1.69 and 2.27 times more for those belonging to the high-income and high school and above groups, respectively. No evidence of effect modification by gender and age was observed.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors, education, and income were positively associated with overweight/obesity prevalence in rural Nepal. Further large studies using longitudinal settings are necessary to replicate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Bhattarai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- *Correspondence: Sanju Bhattarai ;
| | | | - Archana Shrestha
- Institute of Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Center of Methods for Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Biraj Karmacharya
- Institute of Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Oral Health Services and Research Center, TkMidt, Trondheim, Norway
- Abhijit Sen
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Zahra A, Hassan MS, Park JH, Hassan SUN, Parveen N. Role of Environmental Quality of Life in Physical Activity Status of Individuals with and without Physical Disabilities in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074228. [PMID: 35409909 PMCID: PMC8998774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of physical activity (PA) in various subgroups of the population such as people with physical disabilities has been spotlighted in the revised guidelines of The World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. In order to update public health interventions, there is a need to identify factors that may promote or prevent engagement in PA for special subgroups of the population. This study aims to calculate the PA levels of individuals with and without physical disabilities in Saudi Arabia, their assessment of the environmental (EQoL), and the predictive role of EQoL in PA. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the EQoL domain in standardized WHOQoL Questionnaire were administered on both groups of the population. The study sample comprised 116 individuals with physical disabilities and 243 individuals without any form of disability as a control group. A regression analysis was performed to analyze the predictors of PA in both groups. Findings showed that among the individuals with disabilities, older people were more likely to engage in PA as compared to the younger age group (p < 0.05) and males were significantly less likely to meet the PA criteria. Some of the EQoL features such as safety increased the likelihood of PA up to 2.3 times (p < 0.05) in individuals with physical disabilities. In addition, opportunities for leisure activities were a significant predictor of PA among both groups of individuals with and without physical disabilities (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that upcoming public health interventions should focus on improving various dimensions of EQoL for the promotion of physical activity among individuals with physical disabilities. Additional studies are needed to further explore various sociodemographic and environmental factors which can affect the PA status of disabled groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Zahra
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-583675414
| | | | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nuzhat Parveen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
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Prevalence and Correlates of Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 18-69 Years in India: Findings From the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:150-159. [PMID: 35148500 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient physical activity (PA) significantly contributes to the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of insufficient PA and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among adults aged 18-69 years in India. METHODS A national population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2017-2018 among 12,000 adults that adapted globally standard data collection tools. The data were weighted and analyzed using complex samples analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with insufficient PA. RESULTS Age standardized prevalence of insufficient PA among adults in India was 41.4%. A higher proportion of women (52.4%) and urban adults (51.7%) were not doing sufficient PA. Men (118.8 min) spent more time in PA per day than women (55.3 min). Higher odds of insufficient PA were significantly associated with unemployment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.45), highest wealth quintile (aOR = 1.86), presence of central obesity (aOR = 1.24), and raised blood pressure (aOR = 1.22). CONCLUSION This study provides the baseline prevalence of insufficient PA to monitor the set PA targets for India by 2025. The identified associated factors can guide policy makers to plan tailored interventions targeting high-risk groups and a multisectoral approach to promote PA.
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Nawrath M, Elsey H, Dallimer M. Why cultural ecosystem services matter most: Exploring the pathways linking greenspaces and mental health in a low-income country. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150551. [PMID: 34627115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to urban greenspaces promotes a variety of mental health benefits. However, much of the evidence for these benefits is biased towards high-income countries. In contrast, urban areas in low-income settings that have the highest rates of urbanisation remain understudied. Given the increasing burden of mental ill-health associated with urbanisation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a clear need to better understand the role urban greenspaces play in mitigating mental ill-health. Here we use a novel combination of research methods (participatory video, focus groups and the Q-methodology) in a rapidly urbanising low-income city (Kathmandu, Nepal). We explored residents' perspectives on ecosystem services, and the pathways linking greenspaces to mental health. Residents indicated that greenspaces are linked to mental health through pathways such as reducing harm (exposure to air pollution and heat), restoring capacities (attention restoration and stress reduction), building capacities (encouraging physical activity, fostering social cohesion and child development) and causing harm (human - wildlife conflicts, gender discrimination). It is likely that a combination of such pathways triggers mental health impacts. Of all ecosystem services, cultural services such as providing settings for recreation, or intellectual or mental interactions with greenspaces involving analytical, symbolic, spiritual or religious activities were most preferred. Our findings emphasise that cultural ecosystem services provide a fundamental basic need which all people, including low-income residents, depend on to participate meaningfully in society. Urban greenspaces therefore play a pivotal role in reducing the burden of mental ill-health for low-income residents in LMICs. Greater efforts to increase the quantity, quality and accessibility of greenspaces may help to address current health inequalities in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Nawrath
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Helen Elsey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Martin Dallimer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Sharma D, Goel NK, Kaur R, Khosla N, Shekam M. Prevalence and Predictors of Physical Inactivity among Adults - A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:130-132. [PMID: 35368485 PMCID: PMC8971862 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_913_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is detrimental to health. It is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Aim and Objective The aim of this study was to find the prevalence and predictors of physical inactivity among adults. Methodology A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 374 adults aged 20-50 years. Trained field investigators administered the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software for Windows. Logistic regression model was used to study the factors associated with physical inactivity. Results The prevalence of physical inactivity among the study participants was 52.1%. Females (OR=1.9[1.2-3.1]), literate individuals (OR = 1.8 [1.04-3.2]), and current tobacco users (OR = 2.2 [1.8-4.1]) were significantly more physically inactive; as compared to their counterparts. Conclusions Nearly half of the study participants were physically inactive, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. This highlights the need for strengthening the existing interventions for promoting physical activity among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Krishan Goel
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navroz Khosla
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohit Shekam
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Islam FMA, Bhowmik J, Camera DM, Maddison R, Lambert GW. Concordance between Different Criteria for Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels and Risk Factors in People with High Blood Pressure in a Rural District in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910487. [PMID: 34639787 PMCID: PMC8507968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported assessment of physical activity (PA) is commonly used in public health research. The present study investigated the concordance of self-reported PA assessed using the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and two different measurement approaches. Participants (n = 307, aged 30–75 years with hypertension) were recruited from a rural area in Bangladesh. We analyzed the difference between the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations of more than 600 metabolic-equivalent time-minutes (MET-min) and the self-reported active hours, at least 2.5 h per week. Tests of sensitivity and specificity were conducted to determine concordance between the two measures. According to the WHO criteria, 255 (83%) participants were active more than 600 MET-min per week and 172 (56%) people were physically active 2.5 h or more per week, indicating a 27% difference in self-reported PA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and concordance between the two measures were 64%, 92%, 98%, 34% and 70%, respectively. Considering the WHO MET-min as the appropriate measure, 89 (35%) were false negative (FN). Older age, professionals and businesspersons were associated with a higher proportion of FN. There is a gap between self-reported PA, thus a better estimate of PA may result from combining two criteria to measure PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Amirul Islam
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
- Organization for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail 7500, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Donny M. Camera
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Knowledge of and Intention to Participate in Physical Activity Programs and Their Associated Sociodemographic Factors in People with High Blood Pressure in a Rural Area of Bangladesh: Initial Investigation from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189561. [PMID: 34574492 PMCID: PMC8467109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This initial investigation aimed to investigate the knowledge of the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and attitudes towards participation in PA. The study recruited 307 people aged 30-75 years with hypertension as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial from a rural area in Bangladesh. Of the 307 participants, 135 participated less than 2.5 h of physical activity per week, from which we collected data on attitudes toward PA. Regression analysis and Rasch analysis were used. More than 85% of homemakers, employees or businesspersons were willing to take part in PA. Based on the combined score from the knowledge and attitude items, 46% of people endorsed PA programs; proportions were higher in men than women (53% vs. 41%). After adjusting for covariates, men (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.50, 1.72-7.11) compared to women and people with at least primary levels of schooling (OR 3.06, 95% CI, 1.27-7.38) compared with those with no education were more likely to organize or take part in any PA programs. People have positive attitudes towards PA but do not feel obligated to participate in PA programs. Future programs are needed to promote awareness and motivational interventions for PA, especially targeting women and people with low education levels, should be developed and implemented.
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Bista B, Dhimal M, Bhattarai S, Neupane T, Xu YY, Pandey AR, Townsend N, Gyanwali P, Jha AK. Prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and their determinants: Results from STEPS survey 2019, Nepal. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253605. [PMID: 34329300 PMCID: PMC8323895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ongoing surveillance of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors, using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and determinants of NCD risk factors in Nepal, a low-income country, in which two-thirds (66%) of annual deaths are attributable to NCDs. Methods A nationally representative NCD risk factors STEPS survey (instrument version 3.2), was conducted between February and May 2019, among 6,475 eligible participants of age 15–69 years sampled from all 7 provinces through multistage sampling process. Data collection involved assessment of behavioral and biochemical risk factors. Complex survey analysis was completed in STATA 15, along with Poisson regression modelling to examine associations between covariates and risk factor prevalence. Results The most prevalent risk factor was consumption of less than five servings of fruit and vegetables a day (97%; 95% CI: 94.3–98.0). Out of total participants, 17% (95% CI: 15.1–19.1) were current smoker, 6.8% (95% CI: 5.3–8.2) were consuming ≥60g/month alcohol per month and 7.4% (95% CI:5.7–10.1) were having low level of physical activity. Approximately, 24.3% (95% CI: 21.6–27.2) were overweight or obese (BMI≥25kg/m2) while 24.5% (95% CI: 22.4–26.7) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.3–7.3) had raised blood pressure (BP) and raised blood glucose respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of raised total cholesterol was 11% (95% CI: 9.6–12.6). Sex and education level of participants were statistically associated with smoking, harmful alcohol use and raised BP. Participants of age 30–44 years and 45–69 years were found to have increased risk of overweight, raised BP, raised blood sugar and raised blood cholesterol. Similarly, participants in richest wealth quintile had higher odds of insufficient physical inactivity, overweight and raised blood cholesterol. On average, each participant had 2 NCD related risk factors (2.04, 95% CI: 2.02–2.08). Conclusion A large portion of the Nepalese population are living with a variety of NCD risk factors. These surveillance data should be used to support and monitor province specific NCD prevention and control interventions throughout Nepal, supported by a multi-sectoral national coordination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihungum Bista
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Saroj Bhattarai
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tamanna Neupane
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Nick Townsend
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Pradip Gyanwali
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
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15
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Paudel S, Owen AJ, Smith BJ. Socio-ecological influences of leisure-time physical activity among Nepalese adults: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1443. [PMID: 34294069 PMCID: PMC8296660 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With economic and social changes, participation in occupational and transport-related physical activity is declining among Nepalese adults, highlighting the growing importance of leisure-time physical activity. However, limited information is available to guide public health policies and interventions to promote leisure-time physical activity in Nepal. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the socioecological influences of participation in leisure-time physical activity among Nepalese adults aged 40 years and above. Methods A total of 51 adults (30 females and 21 males) participated in one of the nine focus groups conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal. A semi-structured guide based on the social-ecological model of physical activity was used to facilitate these focus groups. Data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach in NVivo 12. Results Participation in leisure-time physical activity was minimal and leisure time was mostly spent resting, socialising, or engaging in sedentary activities such as watching television. Walking was the most common form of leisure-time physical activity, and men reported being more active than women. Individual-level barriers included lack of knowledge, lack of skill, lack of motivation, considering oneself as sufficiently active and engagement in sedentary screen activities. Family and household responsibilities, lack of support and fear of being judged constituted the interpersonal barriers while environmental barriers included an absence of a supportive social norm, lack of open spaces, weather conditions and perceived lack of safety. Health benefits, prioritising physical activity, social support, provision of group-based activities and age-appropriate public exercise facilities were identified as major facilitators. Conclusion Critical issues that need to be addressed to increase leisure-time physical activity among Nepalese adults include traditional gender roles, family and social support, and social norms. Modifications of the built environment, such as public exercise facilities, offer further opportunities and will require coordination beyond the health sector. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11484-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Paudel
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Islam FMA. Factors Associated with Physical Activity among People with Hypertension in a Rural Area in Bangladesh: Baseline Data from a Cluster Randomized Control Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7365. [PMID: 34299814 PMCID: PMC8304801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are well recognized, and PA levels vary in different populations. The study aimed to investigate PA levels and associated sociodemographic factors among people with hypertension in a rural area in Bangladesh. Baseline data were part of a cluster randomized controlled trial of 307 adults aged 30-75 years to study the effectiveness of PA and lifestyle changes in lowering blood pressure. The outcome variables were PA at work, commuter, recreation, metabolic equivalent task (MET)-minute per week and sitting time. Total 68 (22.1%) people participated in vigorous-intensity activity, 23 (7.5%) participated in moderate-intensity sports. Overall, 83% of people were physically active more than 600 MET-min. Women (OR 2.95, 95% CI, 1.36-6.39) compared to men, and people with no education (OR 4.47, 95% CI, 1.62-12.33) compared to people with secondary school certificates or above were less physically active. Of total PA, 63% were work-related, and 1% were recreation-related for women, and these figures were 55% and 3% for men. The study reports that vigorous-intensity PA is low, and recreation time is minimal. Routine PA, especially for women and people with low education levels, should be encouraged to increase PA to manage hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M Amirul Islam
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Organization for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail 7500, Bangladesh
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17
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Alqahtani BA, Alenazi AM, Alhowimel AS, Elnaggar RK. The descriptive pattern of physical activity in Saudi Arabia: analysis of national survey data. Int Health 2021; 13:232-239. [PMID: 32511710 PMCID: PMC8079316 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, there has been a dramatic transformation in mechanization reaching all aspects of people's lives in Saudi Arabia. In the light of this, there was a significant change in physical behavior in the community. The aim of the current study was to investigate the national and regional distribution of physical activity practice among adults aged ≥15 y across Saudi Arabia. METHODS Data from the Bulletin of Household Sports Practice National Survey were used to determine the physical activity practice distribution. A total of 26 000 families from 13 administrative regions across Saudi Arabia were surveyed. RESULTS The proportion of the total Saudi population who were practitioners of physical activity (i.e. ≥150 min per week) among Saudi adults aged ≥15 y was 17.40%, while the proportion of non-practitioners was 82.60%. CONCLUSION This study found a low level of physical activity among Saudi adults who meet physical activity guidelines. These findings suggest that interventions and promotional programs should be developed to increase physical activity among the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader A Alqahtani
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M Alenazi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alhowimel
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragab K Elnaggar
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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18
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Sex Differences in the Association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey in Nepal. SEXES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes2010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15–49 years in Nepal and the extent to which these associations differ by biological sex. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of internet use (IU) in the last 12 months and frequency of internet use (FIU) in the last month on overweight/obesity adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, the prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9%, 40.1%) for males and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6%) for female. The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the participants who did not use the internet in the last 12 months. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU in the last month. We observed the modification effect of sex in the associations of IU (p-difference < 0.001) and FIU (p-difference < 0.002) with overweight/obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future overweight/obesity interventions in Nepal discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.
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19
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Mehata S, Shrestha N, Ghimire S, Atkins E, Karki DK, Mishra SR. Association of altitude and urbanization with hypertension and obesity: analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Int Health 2021; 13:151-160. [PMID: 32623453 PMCID: PMC7902681 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal's Himalayan range attracts mountaineers, climbers and tourists from all across the globe. Limited recent evidence suggests that exposure to hypoxia at a higher altitude may be a risk factor for hypertension and a protective factor for obesity. The existing urban-rural disparities in Nepal in health and economic resources may be anticipated in the burden of hypertension and obesity, two rapidly growing public health issues, but they remain largely unstudied. Therefore this study aims to assess the association of altitude and urbanization with hypertension and overweight/obesity in Nepal. METHODS Data on 10 473 participants from a nationally representative survey, the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), was used. The NDHS assessed/measured blood pressure, height, weight, urbanization and the altitude of participants' households by following standard procedures. Logistic and linear regression models were used to study the association of altitude (per 100 m increases) and urbanization with hypertension and obesity, or their continuous measurements (i.e. systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP, respectively] and body mass index [BMI]). RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, overweight and obesity was 25.6%, 19.6% and 4.8%, respectively. After controlling for covariates, residents of metropolitan cities had a 30% higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.30 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.11 to 1.52]) than their rural counterparts. For altitude, there was a marginally increased odds of hypertension and overweight/obesity with elevation. Consistently, DBP (β = 0.18 [95% CI 0.09 to 0.27]) and BMI increased with altitude (β = 0.11 [95% CI 0.08 to 0.13]). CONCLUSION Urbanization was positively associated with BMI, while altitude showed a marginally positive association with hypertension and overweight/obesity. Given the role of obesity and hypertension in the aetiology of other chronic diseases and subsequently associated mortality and health care costs, residents in urban areas and at higher altitudes may benefit from weight control interventions and BP monitoring, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Population and Health, Nepal Government, Kathmandu
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Emily Atkins
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
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20
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Singh H, Singh S, Singh A, Baker JS. Physical activity levels among the adults of Majha region of Punjab, India: A cross-sectional study. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23533. [PMID: 33174286 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To construct a physical activity profile of the adult population of the Majha region of the Indian Punjab. METHODS The study included a total of 1130 adult participants aged 18 to 64 years comprising both genders, from rural, urban, and different sociodemographic backgrounds from the four districts of the Majha region of Punjab. The WHO's STEPwise approach to Surveillance instrument for noncommunicable diseases was used to collect data for the selected variables such as physical activity levels, demographic characteristics, behavioral parameters (daily screen time, fruit intake/week, and vegetable intake/week), physical characteristics and self-reported history of cardiovascular diseases, raised blood pressure, diabetes, and raised cholesterol. The likelihood of physical inactivity was predicted based on independent variables using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, 56.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.9-59.7) of participants were not sufficiently active as per WHO's moderate- to vigorous-intensity recommendations. Obesity and overweight were observed among 40.2% of the participants. Mean minutes/day of smartphone screen time was 86.11 (CI: 79.48-92.71). Mean fruit (4.69 CI: 4.42-4.95) and vegetable (15.35 CI: 15.08-15.62) weekly consumption was lower than the WHO's recommendations. Work status, residence, annual household income, smartphone screen time, history of raised blood pressure, history of diabetes, and history of raised cholesterol were significant predictors of insufficient physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study found a high prevalence of physical inactivity. Being a government employee, being an urban resident, having a middle-level annual household income, high smartphone screen time and having a history of raised blood pressure, diabetes, and raised cholesterol were all significant predictors of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmandeep Singh
- Department of Physical Education, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhdev Singh
- Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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21
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Abstract
Background: Income is an important determinant of physical activity (PA) when analyzed in its different domains. Sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, education, and marital status reveal distinct population profiles when PA domains are analyzed in isolation. This study aimed to describe clusters of PA in domains within income inequalities and to investigate the associated sociodemographic characteristics of Brazilian adults. Methods: A secondary analysis of the National Health Survey was performed (N = 50,176). PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and family income were investigated. Low- (n = 9504) and high-income adults (n = 6330) were analyzed. Two-step cluster and Rao–Scott chi-square tests were employed. Results: High-income adults accumulated 1.06 times more PA in leisure time compared with low-income adults. Of the 3 clusters observed, the inactive cluster was more prevalent (low-income group: 65.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 64.1–67.5; high-income group: 84.5%; 95% CI, 82.9–86.0). Work/leisure activities (21.2%; 95% CI, 19.8–22.8) and commuting/household activities (12.9%; 95% CI, 11.8–14.1) characterized low-income adults. Work/household activities (10.9%; 95% CI, 9.6–12.3) and commuting/leisure activities (4.6%, 95% CI, 3.9–5.4) characterized high-income adults. Sex (P < .001), age (P < .001), and marital status (P = .0023) were associated with low-income clusters. Conclusion: PA clustering differs within income inequalities. PA in leisure differentiates the opportunities in low- and high-income groups, but it is representative of a very small portion of the wealth.
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Liangruenrom N, Dumuid D, Craike M, Biddle SJH, Pedisic Z. Trends and correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines: a 15-year study among 167,577 Thai adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:106. [PMID: 32838796 PMCID: PMC7446156 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Time spent in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep always takes up the whole day. New public health guidelines combining recommendations for PA, SB, and sleep have been issued in several countries. Thailand was the first country to release the 24-h guidelines for adults. Currently, there is no evidence on the population prevalence of meeting 24-h movement guidelines in Thailand. This study, therefore, aimed to determine 15-year trends and associations of meeting 24-h movement guidelines among Thai adults. Method We analysed cross-sectional data from 2001, 2004, 2009, and 2015 Thai Time-Use Surveys, coded using the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS). All ICATUS-based activities were categorised into moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), SB, and sleep based on a previously developed classification system. A total of 167,577 adult participants were included. The participants were classified according to the Thai 24-h movement guidelines into meeting or not meeting the following criteria: 1) ≥150 min/week of MVPA; 2) interrupting SB every 2 h; 3) sleeping 7–9 h per day; and 4) adhering to all three guidelines. Results In 2015, the prevalence of adults who met the MVPA, SB, sleep, and overall recommendations was 81.7, 44.6, 56.4, and 21.3%, respectively. A significant linear increase was found for the prevalence of meeting the SB recommendation, while the prevalence meeting the MVPA, sleep, and overall recommendations was lowest in 2001, peaked in 2004 or 2009, and declined in 2015. The lowest odds for meeting the 24-h guidelines were found among males, those living in urban areas, inhabitants of Bangkok and South Thailand, unemployed, and those with low education level. Conclusions Despite promising trends in the prevalence of meeting PA, SB, and sleep recommendations, a majority of Thai adults still do not meet the overall 24-h movement guidelines. Further actions are needed to promote more MVPA, less SB, and adequate sleep in Thai adults, particularly among males, those living in urban areas, inhabitants of Bangkok and South Thailand, unemployed, and those with low education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.,Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
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Ghimire U, Shrestha N, Gyawali B, Pradhan PMS, Mishra SR. Prevalence of American Heart Association defined ideal cardiovascular health metrics in Nepal: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Int Health 2020; 12:325-331. [PMID: 31693104 PMCID: PMC7322193 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ever-increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is posing a serious health challenge for Nepal. This study examines the status of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) and its associated determinants in Nepal using the American Heart Association (AHA) definition of ICH metrics. METHODS The AHA has defined ICH as having five to seven of the ideal health metrics. A representative sample from the NCD risk factors STEPS survey 2013 were drawn to analyse the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of ideal, intermediate and poor cardiovascular health in Nepal. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the determinants of ICH. RESULTS More than half of the participants had ICH metrics (51.6%), with the 45-69 y age group having the lowest prevalence of ICH (28%) and females having better cardiovascular health compared with their male counterparts (60.6% vs 41.7%). The prevalence of low intake of fruit and vegetables, tobacco smoking and elevated blood pressure were quite high (99%, 18.8% and 31.4%, respectively). The status of ICH declined with age: individuals 15-29 y of age had 6 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.80-8.60) higher odds of having ICH compared with those who were 45-69 y, and it was low among urban residents (referent: rural; adjusted odds ratio 0.77 [95% CI 0.58-1.01]). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the participants had ICH, which declined with ageing. Further, urban residents had poor cardiovascular health. This highlights the need for a comprehensive population-based intervention targeting elderly and urban residents to improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Ghimire
- New ERA, Rudramati Marga, Kalopul, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pranil Man Singh Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Karunanayake AL, Senaratne CD, Stathi A. A descriptive cross sectional study comparing barriers and determinants of physical activity of Sri Lankan middle aged and older adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232956. [PMID: 32396547 PMCID: PMC7217429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefits of physical activities are numerous. Barriers for physical exercise may differ among middle aged and older adults. Therefore, identifying and comparing the barriers for participating in regular physical exercises among middle aged and older adults will be useful in designing age specific physical exercise programmes. METHODS This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 206 Sri Lankan adults in the age range of 40-84 years in the Colombo North region of Sri Lanka using culturally validated questionnaires to determine and compare the barriers and factors associated with regular physical activity participation. Majority were males (56%) and 54% were < 60 years. People in the age range of 40-59 years were considered as middle age and ≥ 60 years as older adults. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis was carried out to determine the significant factors that are associated with regular physical activity participation. RESULTS Lack of free time (52%), feeling too lazy (26%) and bad weather (29%) were the main barriers for the participants. In < 60 years, high level of income (p = 0.008) and in ≥ 60 years, being a male (p = 0.016), having a high level of education (P = 0.002) and a high BMI (p = 0.002) had a significant negative association with the level of physical activities. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to findings from surveys in several developed countries, this study showed that having a high level of education and being a male were strongly related with lack of physical activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Karunanayake
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - C. D. Senaratne
- Department of English Language Teaching, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - A. Stathi
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
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Prevalence of Total and Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Associated Factors Among Nepalese Adults: A Quantile Regression Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:501-511. [PMID: 32217789 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the data from the World Health Organization Nepal STEPS survey 2013 to determine the prevalence of total and domain-specific physical activity (PA) and associated factors among Nepalese adults. METHODS A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to proportionately select participants from the 3 ecological zones (Mountain, Hill, and Terai) in Nepal. The Global PA Questionnaire was used to assess PA. The data were analyzed using quantile and ordinary least square regression. RESULTS Only 4% of the adults did not meet the World Health Organization PA guidelines. Age had a negative monotonic association with total PA and occupational PA, with the highest difference at the upper tails of the PA distribution. Lower total PA and occupational PA were associated with secondary or higher education, being retired or in unpaid employment, living in Terai or urban areas, and nonsmoking. Age, higher education, unpaid employment, and Terai or urban residence were negatively associated, while being currently married was positively associated with transport-related PA. CONCLUSION Increasing age, higher education, unpaid employment, unemployment or retirement, and urban residence were associated with lower PA, with the stronger association at the upper tails of the distribution. The correlates had dissimilar associations across the quantiles of PA distribution.
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Shrestha N, Mishra SR, Ghimire S, Gyawali B, Pradhan PMS, Schwarz D. Application of single-level and multi-level modeling approach to examine geographic and socioeconomic variation in underweight, overweight and obesity in Nepal: findings from NDHS 2016. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2406. [PMID: 32051421 PMCID: PMC7016110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nepal's dual burden of undernutrition and over nutrition warrants further exploration of the population level differences in nutritional status. The study aimed to explore, for the first time in Nepal, potential geographic and socioeconomic variation in underweight and overweight and/or obesity prevalence in the country, adjusted for cluster and sample weight. Data came from 14,937 participants, including 6,172 men and 8,765 women, 15 years or older who participated in the 2016 Nepal Demography and Health Survey (NDHS). Single-level and multilevel multi-nominal logistic regression models and Lorenz curves were used to explore the inequalities in weight status. Urban residents had higher odds of being overweight and/or obese (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.62-2.20) and lower odds of being underweight (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.93) than rural residents. Participants from Provinces 2, and 7 were less likely to be overweight/obese and more likely to be underweight (referent: province-1). Participants from higher wealth quintile households were associated with higher odds of being overweight and/or obese (P-trend < 0.001) and lower odds of being underweight (P-trend < 0.001). Urban females at the highest wealth quintile were more vulnerable to overweight and/or obesity as 49% of them were overweight and/or obese and nearly 39% at the lowest wealth quintile were underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pranil Man Singh Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dan Schwarz
- Nyaya Health Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Ariadne Labs, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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