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Liu Y, Wang X, Fang Z. Evaluating the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12137. [PMID: 38802439 PMCID: PMC11130208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obesity, providing evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to utilize these markers in developing exercise prescriptions for this group. The study was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI and only including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of different exercise interventions on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese people. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool and the data was analyzed using Stata 15.1 data analysis software. The RCTs were collected from January 2017 to March 2024. A total of 56 RCTs were included and the results of 10 outcomes were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The total sample size used in the study was 3193 The results showed that resistance training significantly reduced total cholesterol (SUCRA: 99.9%), triglycerides (SUCRA: 100.0%), low-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%), systolic pressure (SUCRA: 92.5%), and increased high-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%). Aerobic exercise significantly reduced insulin (SUCRA: 89.1%) and HbA1c (SUCRA: 95.3%). Concurrent training significantly reduced HOMA-IR (SUCRA: 93.8%), diastolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 71.2%) and Glucose (SUCRA: 87.6%). Exercise has a significant impact on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obese. Compared with no exercise, exercise lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, insulin, and HbA1c, and increases HDL in people with overweight and obese. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for exercise interventions aimed at weight reduction and the prevention of chronic diseases in individuals with overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianzi Wang
- School of Computer Science, Anhui University of Technology, Huashan District, Ma'anshan City, 243002, China
| | - Zilong Fang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
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2
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Delpierre Y, Armand S. Can external work during walking in scoliosis patients be estimated from spatiotemporal parameters? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 112:106183. [PMID: 38232470 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with scoliosis present gait impairments compared to healthy subjects. Clinically, spine deformity is evaluated with Cobb angle, a standard measurement to determine and track the progression of scoliosis. Scoliosis is a biomechanical trouble, dependant of external forces and muscular activity. External work is currently analyzed in patients with scoliosis because this work sums up consequences and evolutions of spine deformity. Habitually, biomechanics approach is used to compute this work. For asymptomatic subjects, a regression model let to compute external work. So, considering the area of research to facilitate the follow-up at lower cost, this regression function could be applied to patients with scoliosis but need to be validated. RESEARCH QUESTION can external work during walking in scoliosis patients be estimated from spatiotemporal parameters with a regression model? METHOD This retrospective study included twenty untreated patients with idiopathic scoliosis and sixteen asymptomatic participants. We used a regression model defined in case of asymptomatic subjects in literature and proposed a new specific model in case of patients with scoliosis. FINDINGS The external work in patients with scoliosis calculated with the Wirta's regression eq. (0.23 ± 0.04 J.kg-1.m-1) was underestimated compared to the external work calculated using a biomechanical method (0.33 ± 0.06 J.kg-1.m-1). A new regression model including Cobb angle and spatio-temporal parameter presents a high coefficient of determination. INTERPRETATION In opposition to biomechanical method, our new model let to compute external work without expensive gait laboratory. This specific model is more reliable than the model developed from asymptomatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Delpierre
- Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement, Pôle Régional du Handicap, Centre de l'Arche, 1 bd de Maule, 72650 Saint-Saturnin, France.
| | - S Armand
- Kinesiology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Miranda ER, Haus JM. Glyoxalase I is a novel target for the prevention of metabolic derangement. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108524. [PMID: 37722607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence in the US has nearly tripled since 1975 and a parallel increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity promotes a myriad of metabolic derangements with insulin resistance (IR) being perhaps the most responsible for the development of T2D and other related diseases such as cardiovascular disease. The precarious nature of IR development is such that it provides a valuable target for the prevention of further disease development. However, the mechanisms driving IR are numerous and complex making the development of viable interventions difficult. The development of metabolic derangement in the context of obesity promotes accumulation of reactive metabolites such as the reactive alpha-dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG). MG accumulation has long been appreciated as a marker of disease progression in patients with T2D as well as the development of diabetic complications. However, recent evidence suggests that the accumulation of MG occurs with obesity prior to T2D onset and may be a primary driving factor for the development of IR and T2D. Further, emerging evidence also suggests that this accumulation of MG with obesity may be a result in a loss of MG detoxifying capacity of glyoxalase I. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that posits MG accumulation because of GLO1 attenuation is a novel target mechanism of the development of metabolic derangement. In addition, we will also explore the regulation of GLO1 and the strategies that have been investigated so far to target GLO1 regulation for the prevention and treatment of metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Miranda
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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4
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Zheng C, Gill JMR, Sun FH, Huang WY, Sheridan S, Chen XK, Wu Y, Wong CK, Tian XY, Wong SHS. Effects of increasing light versus moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on cardiometabolic health in Chinese adults with obesity. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1547-1557. [PMID: 37963176 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2282278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing daily physical activity (PA) is a practical way to decrease the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, while the studies on exercise intensity remain limited. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of increasing light PA (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) for 12 weeks on cardiometabolic markers in Chinese adults with obesity. Fifty-three adults were randomly assigned to the 1) control group, 2) LPA group, and 3) MVPA group in free-living settings. The intervention effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were analysed using a generalized estimated equation model adjusted for baseline values and potential confounders. Compared with the control group, the MVPA group showed improvements in body composition, lipids, C-peptide, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8, leptin, and E-selectin. A favourable change in triglycerides and E-selectin were observed in the LPA group when compared to the control group. Lastly, improvements in waist circumference, C-reactive protein, and MCP-1 were observed in the MVPA group when compared to those in the LPA group. Although increasing both LPA and MVPA improved certain cardiometabolic biomarkers, the latter may have more benefits. These findings imply that MVPA may reduce cardiometabolic disease risk more effectively than LPA, especially in Chinese adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason M R Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Feng Hua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sinead Sheridan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yalan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Gorodeski Baskin R, Alfakara D. Root Cause for Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Can Lifestyle and Nutrition Be the Answer for Remission. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:13-25. [PMID: 36754489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its association with metabolic syndrome are implicated in many disease states. Research has focused on the role of diet and lifestyle modifications in the evolution of prediabetes to diabetes seeking ways to intervene and improve outcomes. Proven nutritional include leaner proteins, an abundance of vegetables, extra-virgin olive oil, and controlled portioning of carbs and starches. The transition from a sedentary state to an exercise routine of moderate intensity has shown efficacy in lowering metabolic risks. The synergy of dietary and physical activity modifications are the building blocks for lifestyle modifications examined in this review as a means of preventing obesity-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Gorodeski Baskin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Dima Alfakara
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q, Ying S. The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1095315. [PMID: 36923290 PMCID: PMC10008870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical inactivity enhances exposure to cardiometabolic risk factors in university students. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved cardiometabolic health in clinical adults but the evidence in the university setting is limited. Furthermore, few studies examined the effect of low-volume HIIT on habitual physical activity (PA). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 12-week Tabata-style functional HIIT for improving multiple cardiometabolic health outcomes and habitual PA. We also investigated whether changes in habitual PA over the intervention period had an impact on exercise-induced health outcomes. Methods: 122 female freshmen were randomized into the Tabata group (n = 60) and the control (n = 62). The Tabata training protocol involved 8 × 20 s maximal repeated functional exercises followed by 10 s rest with a frequency of 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, C-reactive protein and PA were objectively measured using standardized methods. Dietary intake was measured using a valid food frequency questionnaire. All variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Mixed linear modelling results showed that there were large intervention effects on VO2max (p < 0.001, d = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.03 to 3.00 for relative VO2max; p < 0.001, d = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.76 to 2.68 for absolute VO2max), resting heart rate (p < 0.001, d = -1.82, 95% CI: -2.23 to -1.37), systolic BP (p < 0.001, d = -1.24, 95% CI: -1.63 to -0.84), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (p < 0.001, d = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.83 to 2.77), total PA (p < 0.001, d = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.41); moderate effects on %BF (p < 0.001, d = -1.15, 95% CI: -1.53 to -0.75), FM (p < 0.001, d = -1.08, 95% CI: -1.46 to -0.69), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.001, d = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.42), total cholesterol (p = 0.001, d = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.26); small effects on BMI (p = 0.011, d = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.11), WC (p = 0.043, d = -0.37, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.01), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.003, d = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.19), HOMA-IR (p = 0.026, d = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.05) and fasting insulin (p = 0.035, d = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.03). Regression analysis showed that only the percentage change of HDL was associated with the change of MVPA (b = 0.326, p = 0.015) and TPA (b = 0.480, p = 0.001). Conclusion: From the findings of the study we can conclude that 12-week low-volume Tabata-style functional HIIT was highly effective for university female students to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, some cardiometabolic health outcomes and habitual PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Population Health and Medical Informatics, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Ying
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Harun I, Briawan D, Riyadi H, Khomsan A. Effects of Walking Exercise Program Based on Duration on the Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obesity Female College Students. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lack of physical activity is one factors that causes the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in Indonesia. A walking exercise program is a simple strategy for weight loss and the prevention of various chronic diseases. This research aims to analyze the effects of walking exercise programs base on duration which involve an increased number of daily steps on the body's composition and lipid profile. The quasi-experimental design included 40 female university students aged 20–30, whose body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2. They are divided into two groups: 60 minutes (WE-60) and 40 minutes (WE-40) walking program. All groups performed the program intervention five times per week, carried out for a total of 12 weeks, with a heart rate of 50%-75%. The results showed that an additional 60-minute walking exercise program led to a greater increase in the total daily steps (P<0.001), and it has a significant effect on weight (P=0.005), BMI (P=0.002), WC (P=0.003), visceral fat (P=0.001), fat mass (P=0.001) and the body fat percentage (P=0.007), compared to the 40 minutes walking group intervention. However, the lipid profiles of both groups were not significantly different. In conclusion, the addition of a 60-minute walking exercise program (WE-60) five times per week, improved the daily steps and significantly affected body composition, but it had no significant effect on the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriyani Harun
- 1Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University,Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dodik Briawan
- 1Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University,Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Riyadi
- 1Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University,Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ali Khomsan
- 1Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University,Bogor, Indonesia
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Vetrovsky T, Borowiec A, Juřík R, Wahlich C, Śmigielski W, Steffl M, Tufano JJ, Drygas W, Stastny P, Harris T, Małek Ł. Do physical activity interventions combining self-monitoring with other components provide an additional benefit compared with self-monitoring alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1366-1374. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the net effect of different physical activity intervention components on step counts in addition to self-monitoring.DesignA systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesFive databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest and Discus) were searched from inception to May 2022. The database search was complemented with backward and forward citation searches and search of the references from relevant systematic reviews.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials comparing an intervention using self-monitoring (active control arm) with an intervention comprising the same treatment PLUS any additional component (intervention arm).Data extraction and synthesisThe effect measures were mean differences in daily step count. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and effect moderators were explored using univariate and multivariate meta-regression models.ResultsEighty-five studies with 12 057 participants were identified, with 75 studies included in the meta-analysis at postintervention and 24 at follow-up. At postintervention, the mean difference between the intervention and active control arms was 926 steps/day (95% CI 651 to 1201). At a follow-up, the mean difference was 413 steps/day (95% CI 210 to 615). Interventions with a prescribed goal and involving human counselling, particularly via phone/video calls, were associated with a greater mean difference in the daily step count than interventions with added print materials, websites, smartphone apps or incentives.ConclusionPhysical activity interventions that combine self-monitoring with other components provide an additional modest yet sustained increase in step count compared with self-monitoring alone. Some forms of counselling, particularly remote phone/video counselling, outperformed other intervention components, such as websites and smartphone apps.PROSPERO registered numberCRD42020199482.
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q, Ying S, Li J, Lu Y. Objectively determined physical activity and adiposity measures in adult women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:935892. [PMID: 36082217 PMCID: PMC9445154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.935892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of adiposity is increasing among adult women. Although emerging evidence suggest that all patterns of heightened physical activity (PA) are important to benefit adiposity, the relationship between objectively assessed intensities of PA and adiposity in women has not yet been assessed. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to qualitatively synthesize and quantitatively assess the evidence for any relationship between objectively measured PA and a wide range of adiposity indicators to guide PA prescription in adult women. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library) were searched for eligible studies. 35 studies were included (25 observational and 10 interventional studies), with a total of 9,176 women from 20 countries included. The overall pooled correlation for random effects model (n = 1 intervention and n = 15 cross-sectional studies) revealed that the total volume of physical activity (TPA) was moderately associated with percentage body fat (%BF) (r = −0.59; 95% CI: −1.11, −0.24; p = 0.003). There was a weak but significant association between MVPA with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity. Daily steps were significantly associated with BMI, %BF, WC, and fat mass, with the strongest association with %BF (r = −0.41; 95% CI: −0.66, −0.19; p < 0.001). Walking programs resulting in increasing daily steps only had a significant effect on WC (SMD = −0.35; 95% CI: −0.65, −0.05; p = 0.02). Overall, objectively determined PA in terms of steps, TPA and MVPA were favorably associated with adiposity outcomes. The improvement in adiposity can be achieved by simply accumulating more PA than previously and adiposity is more likely to be benefited by PA performed at higher intensity. Nonetheless, these results should be interpreted with caution as there were a small number of studies included in the meta-analysis and the majority of studies included utilized cross-sectional designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaojun Wang,
| | - Shanshan Ying
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
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Sawyer B, Stone KA, Kotarsky CJ, Johnson N, Bradley A, Scheffert RA, Hackney KJ, Byun W, Stastny S. Animal-Based Dietary Protein Intake Is Not A Risk Factor For Metabolic Syndrome Among Young Or Middle-Aged Females. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221107800. [PMID: 35769392 PMCID: PMC9234837 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221107800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases risk for morbidity and premature
mortality. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting triglycerides
(TG), blood glucose (BG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) are
factors for determining MetS. The Simple Method for Quantifying Metabolic
Syndrome (siMS) score and risk score estimate risk of MetS. The purpose for
this study was to exam the relationship of animal-based (ABP) and
plant-based protein (PLP) with MetS as estimated by siMS score and risk
score. Physical activty is another important consideration in MetS as it can
reduce blood pressure, waist circumference and blood glucose, and affect
blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Methods: A cross-sectional study examined whether physical activity (PA) level and
dietary protein source (i.e., animal- or plant-based) among young (18-24
years) and middle-aged (45-60 years) females were associated with siMS score
and siMS risk score. Average time spent in sedentary, light, and
moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; min/wk), steps (steps/day), energy intake
(kcal/day), percent dietary protein to total energy intake, ABP and PLP
dietary intake, and ABP:PLP ratio (g/day) were included in the analysis.
Volunteers were recruited from North Dakota and Minnesota from 2017 to
2019. Results: Eighty-one female participants (mean ± SD; young, n = 38, 20.4 ± 1.7 years,
middle-aged, 52.5 ± 4.8 years) were included in the independent
t-tests used to examine group differences in age, body
mass index, HDL, BG, TG, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference,
energy intake, energy intake percentage of total carbohydrates, fat,
protein, ABP, and PLP, ABP:PLP, siMS score, and siMS risk score. Stepwise
linear regressions were used to evaluate whether PA level and dietary
protein source were predictors of siMS score and siMS risk score among young
and middle-aged adult females. There was an inverse relationship between PLP
intake and siMS score. The model explained 6.9% of the variance in siMS risk
score (F1, 80 = 5.93). Plant-based protein intake was inversely
related to siMS risk score while light PA was positively associated with
siMS risk score. The model explained 16% of the variance in siMS risk score
(F1, 80 = 7.53). Animal-based dietary protein intake did not
impact siMS score (p = 0.180) and siMS risk score
(p = 0.283). Conclusions: Plant-based protein intake was associated with a lower risk of MetS via siMS
scores, while ABP was not associated. Given the nature of the
cross-sectional design of this study, no causal relationship can be
determined, but longitudinal studies or randomized control trials to confirm
the results from this study are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee Sawyer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health and Nutrition Science, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - Kara A Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Adam Bradley
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Rachel A Scheffert
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Wonwoo Byun
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sherri Stastny
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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11
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Tu R, Lu Y, Tao K. Regular Physical Activities Inhibit Risk Factors of the Common Cold Among Chinese Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864515. [PMID: 35686081 PMCID: PMC9171135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) has a significant health impact worldwide and has been linked to a lower risk of the common cold. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the form of PA among Chinese adults and the correlation between PA and number of the common cold in China's eastern, central, and western areas. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting China's eastern, central, and western regions from 30 November 2020 to 30 March 2021. Patients A total of 1,920 healthy participants, who aged over 18 years old, with Internet access, were enrolled, and then self-reported PA behaviors and number of the common cold were collected. Measurements The authors calculated preference, intensity, frequency, and duration of PA in Chinese based on gender, age, and broad occupational categories and explored the potential effect between these factors and the common cold. Results Approximately 20.4% of participants reported not participating in sports regularly. Except for gender, there were significant differences in PA preference and intensity among the remaining individuals (P <0.05). Sixteen common exercises were divided into three intensity levels by the Borg CR10 Scale: low- (5), moderate- (8), and high-intensity exercises (3), and the corresponding intensity, frequency, and duration were computed with significant differences (P <0.05). The most popular workouts are “Brisk walking” and “Running.” Age, sex, and occupation had no significant effect on colds (P > 0.05). However, intensity shows a U-shaped dose-response relationship with colds, whereas the frequency and duration have an inverse dose-response relationship (P <0.05). High intensity combined with high frequency increased colds the most. Nevertheless, non-exercise groups always have the most colds in each comparison. Limitations The result may be vulnerable to recall bias. Conclusion Intensity showed that U-shape, frequency, and duration showed inverse response to the number of colds last year, but age, sex, and occupation had no significant effects. High intensity and high frequency mixed increased colds the most, regardless of duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Tu
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Tao
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kuan Tao
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12
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Denche-Zamorano Á, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Muñoz-Bermejo L, Rojo-Ramos J, Pastor-Cisneros R, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Godoy-Cumillaf A, Barrios-Fernandez S. A Cross-Sectional Study on Self-Perceived Health and Physical Activity Level in the Spanish Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095656. [PMID: 35565051 PMCID: PMC9104406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One-third of the Spanish population over 15 years of age did not achieve a reasonable amount of physical activity (PA) before the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to analyse the associations between the PA level (PAL) and self-perceived health (SPH) in the Spanish population aged 15−69 years during the pre-pandemic period. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE 2017) data, with 17,777 participants. We carried out a descriptive analysis, analysed intergroup differences with non-parametric statistical tests, and calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR) of having a negative SPH according to PAL. In addition, correlations between PAL and SPH were studied, finding associations between them (p < 0.001). Thus, performing moderate and intense PA was related to better SPH than just walking or inactive. Weak and moderate correlations were found between PAL and SPH (p < 0.001). We also found high ORs and RRs of negative SPH as PAL decreased. Moderate and intense PA were related to positive SPH, while the risk of negative perception in inactive people was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
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13
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Wong CK, Rissland MS, Madagan DM, Jones KN. A Scoping Review of Physical Activity in People With Lower-Limb Loss: 10,000 Steps Per Day? Phys Ther 2021; 101:6254127. [PMID: 33909881 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After amputation, people with lower-limb loss (PLL) face challenges to regain their previous physical activity level. Assessing the scope of evidence regarding physical activity in PLL can identify sources of evidence and gaps within the literature that can influence amputation-related research, outcome assessment choices, and wellness activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the evidence regarding steps per day as a physical activity measure for PLL. Specific aims were to (1) identify research designs, (2) catalog population subgroups, (3) document steps per day measurement methods, and (4) provide descriptive data for steps per day in PLL. METHODS The MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and AMED databases; and the Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics archive were searched without language or time limits. Exclusion criteria included no PLL subjects, not peer-reviewed, and no direct step count measure. Inclusion criteria allowed any sample size, nonprosthetic use, and self-reported step count. As a scoping review, only descriptive statistics were compiled, and no methodologic quality assessment was performed. RESULTS Twenty-one articles using crossover (8), cohort (4), cross-section (8), and case-study (1) designs were included that reported accelerometer (19) or pedometer (2) data. Studies often mixed amputation etiologies (15/21) and most (13/21) excluded transfemoral amputations. Studies primarily examined people with transtibial amputations (81.2%) and people at independent community walking levels (Medicare functional classifications: K3 = 49.2%, K4 = 36.3%). All 21 studies had fewer than 100 participants, and overall included 515 subjects (343, 66.6% male), mean (SD) age 53.2 (22.1) years. Mean (SD) number of pooled steps per day for PLL was 5087 (2998): 5929 (3047) for transtibial amputations and 3553 (2030) for transfemoral amputations. CONCLUSIONS Most PLL have low activity levels compared with the 10,000 steps per day generally recommended or 6000 common in people with diabetes. Research with larger samples, defined subgroups, and data along the recovery continuum would enhance knowledge of physical activity level in PLL. IMPACT This scoping review has identified gaps in the research related to steps per day as a measure of physical activity in people with lower-limb loss to guide future research. LAY SUMMARY People with lower-limb loss take fewer steps per day than suggested for general health. Increasing steps per day may be a useful goal for this population, and this study is a first step in improving knowledge of physical activity levels in people with lower-limb loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maia S Rissland
- Program in Physical Therapy, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deanna M Madagan
- Program in Physical Therapy, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kameron N Jones
- Program in Physical Therapy, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Saad MF, Cheah WL, Hazmi H. The Effects of a 7000-Step Goal and Weekly Group Walking Program for Overweight and Obese Elderly People in Sarawak, Malaysia: A Quasi-experimental Study. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:199-207. [PMID: 34092066 PMCID: PMC8190551 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical inactivity is the fourth leading global risk factor for mortality, followed by obesity. The combination of these risk factors is associated with non-communicable diseases, impaired physical function, and declining mental function. The World Health Organization recommends physical activity to reduce the mortality rate. Thus, this study examined the effects on anthropometric measurements of a 12-week walking program for elderly people in Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia with a 7000-step goal and weekly group walking activities. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 109 elderly people with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m2. BMI, body composition, and average daily steps were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, and repeated-measures analysis of variance with the paired t-test for post-hoc analysis was conducted. RESULTS In total, 48 participants in the intervention group and 61 participants in the control group completed the study. A significant interaction was found between time and group. The post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention (within the intervention group). The post-intervention analysis revealed an increase in the mean number of daily steps by 3571.59, with decreases in body weight (-2.20 kg), BMI (-0.94 kg/m2), body fat percentage (-3.52%), visceral fat percentage (-1.29%) and waist circumference (-2.91 cm). Skeletal muscle percentage also showed a significant increase (1.67%). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week walking program combining a 7000-step goals with weekly group walking activities had a significant effect on the anthropometric measurements of previously inactive and overweight/obese elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fakhree Saad
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Whye Lian Cheah
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Helmy Hazmi
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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15
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Hamaya R, Fukuda H, Takebayashi M, Mori M, Matsushima R, Nakano K, Miyake K, Tani Y, Yokokawa H. Effects of an mHealth App (Kencom) With Integrated Functions for Healthy Lifestyles on Physical Activity Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: Observational Study of 12,602 Users. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e21622. [PMID: 33900203 PMCID: PMC8111509 DOI: 10.2196/21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) apps are considered to be potentially powerful tools for improving lifestyles and preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), although only few have undergone large, well-designed epidemiological research. “kencom” is a novel mHealth app with integrated functions for healthy lifestyles such as monitoring daily health/step data, providing tailored health information, or facilitating physical activity through group-based game events. The app is linked to large-scale Japanese insurance claims databases and annual health check-up databases, thus comprising a large longitudinal cohort. Objective We aimed to assess the effects of kencom on physical activity levels and CVD risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus in a large population in Japan. Methods Daily step count, annual health check-up data, and insurance claim data of the kencom users were integrated within the kencom system. Step analysis was conducted by comparing the 1-year average daily step count before and after kencom registration. In the CVD risk analysis, changes in CVD biomarkers following kencom registration were evaluated among the users grouped into the quintile according to their change in step count. Results A total of 12,602 kencom users were included for the step analysis and 5473 for the CVD risk analysis. The participants were generally healthy and their mean age was 44.1 (SD 10.2) years. The daily step count significantly increased following kencom registration by a mean of 510 steps/day (P<.001). In particular, participation in “Arukatsu” events held twice a year within the app was associated with a remarkable increase in step counts. In the CVD risk analysis, the users of the highest quintile in daily step change had, compared with those of the lowest quartile, a significant reduction in weight (–0.92 kg, P<.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–2.78 mg/dL, P=.004), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; –0.04%, P=.004), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+1.91 mg/dL, P<.001) after adjustment of confounders. Conclusions The framework of kencom successfully integrated the Japanese health data from multiple data sources to generate a large, longitudinal data set. The use of the kencom app was significantly associated with enhanced physical activity, which might lead to weight loss and improvement in lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuta Hamaya
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine and Health Literacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takebayashi
- Graduate School of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hirohide Yokokawa
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Recruiting and retaining young adults: what can we learn from behavioural interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity? A systematic review of the literature. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5686-5703. [PMID: 33722332 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe strategies used to recruit and retain young adults in nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity intervention studies, and quantify the success and efficiency of these strategies. DESIGN A systematic review was conducted. The search included six electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCT) published up to 6 December 2019 that evaluated nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity interventions in young adults (17-35 years). Recruitment was considered successful if the pre-determined sample size goal was met. Retention was considered acceptable if ≥80 % retained for ≤6-month follow-up or ≥70 % for >6-month follow-up. RESULTS From 21 582 manuscripts identified, 107 RCT were included. Universities were the most common recruitment setting used in eighty-four studies (79 %). Less than half (46 %) of the studies provided sufficient information to evaluate whether individual recruitment strategies met sample size goals, with 77 % successfully achieving recruitment targets. Reporting for retention was slightly better with 69 % of studies providing sufficient information to determine whether individual retention strategies achieved adequate retention rates. Of these, 65 % had adequate retention. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights poor reporting of recruitment and retention information across trials. Findings may not be applicable outside a university setting. Guidance on how to improve reporting practices to optimise recruitment and retention strategies within young adults could assist researchers in improving outcomes.
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17
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Whatnall MC, Sharkey T, Hutchesson MJ, Haslam RL, Bezzina A, Collins CE, Ashton LM. Effectiveness of interventions and behaviour change techniques for improving physical activity in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1754-1771. [PMID: 33685357 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) participation declines from adolescence to young adulthood. This review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve PA among healthy young adults (17-35 years), and the effectiveness of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used. Six electronic databases were searched up to December 2019, for randomized controlled trials aiming to achieve PA behaviour change among young adults. In total, 66 RCTs were included. Meta-analyses for moderate-vigorous PA (n = 11 studies), steps (n = 5 studies) and total PA (MET min/week, n = 11 studies) identified that intervention participants compared with control significantly increased PA at time points up to 3 months and >3 months. Narrative synthesis identified that 34 RCTs (52%) reported significant between group differences favouring the intervention for one or more PA outcome. BCTs with the highest effectiveness were material reward, valued self-identity and habit formation. However, the overall test of significance demonstrated no significant relationship between type or number of BCTs and effectiveness. This review identified interventions that improve steps, moderate-vigorous and total PA in young adults in the shorter-term, and BCTs associated with greater effectiveness. Further research is needed to determine strategies to achieve longer-term effectiveness of PA interventions in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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18
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Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.876451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity has been recommended as an important lifestyle modification for the prevention and control of hypertension. Walking is a low-cost form of physical activity and one which most people can do. Studies testing the effect of walking on blood pressure have revealed inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of walking as a physical activity intervention on blood pressure and heart rate. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to March 2020: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, CENTRAL (2020, Issue 2), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also searched the following Chinese databases up to May 2020: Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System; National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertation in Taiwan; China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Journals, Theses & Dissertations; and Wanfang Medical Online. We contacted authors of relevant papers regarding further published and unpublished work. The searches had no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of participants, aged 16 years and over, which evaluated the effects of a walking intervention compared to non-intervention control on blood pressure and heart rate were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Where data were not available in the published reports, we contacted authors. Pooled results for blood pressure and heart rate were presented as mean differences (MDs) between groups with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We undertook subgroup analyses for age and sex. We undertook sensitivity analyses to assess the effect of sample size on our findings. MAIN RESULTS A total of 73 trials met our inclusion criteria. These 73 trials included 5763 participants and were undertaken in 22 countries. Participants were aged from 16 to 84 years and there were approximately 1.5 times as many females as males. The characteristics of walking interventions in the included studies were as follows: the majority of walking interventions was at home/community (n = 50) but supervised (n = 36 out of 47 reported the information of supervision); the average intervention length was 15 weeks, average walking time per week was 153 minutes and the majority of walking intensity was moderate. Many studies were at risk of selection bias and performance bias. Primary outcome We found moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD -4.11 mmHg, 95% CI -5.22 to -3.01; 73 studies, n = 5060). We found moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces SBP in participants aged 40 years and under (MD -4.41 mmHg, 95% CI -6.17 to -2.65; 14 studies, n = 491), and low-certainty evidence that walking reduces SBP in participants aged 41 to 60 years (MD -3.79 mmHg, 95% CI -5.64 to -1.94, P < 0.001; 35 studies, n = 1959), and those aged 60 years of over (MD -4.30 mmHg, 95% CI -6.17 to -2.44, 24 studies, n = 2610). We also found low certainty-evidence suggesting that walking reduces SBP in both females (MD -5.65 mmHg, 95% CI -7.89 to -3.41; 22 studies, n = 1149) and males (MD -4.64 mmHg, 95% CI -8.69 to -0.59; 6 studies, n = 203). Secondary outcomes We found low-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD -1.79 mmHg, 95% CI -2.51 to -1.07; 69 studies, n = 4711) and heart rate (MD -2.76 beats per minute (bpm), 95% CI -4.57 to -0.95; 26 studies, n = 1747). We found moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces DBP for participants aged 40 years and under (MD -3.01 mmHg, 95% CI -4.44 to -1.58; 14 studies, n = 491) and low-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces DBP for participants aged 41 to 60 years (MD -1.74 mmHg, 95% CI -2.95 to -0.52; 32 studies, n = 1730) and those aged 60 years and over (MD -1.33 mmHg, 95% CI -2.40 to -0.26; 23 studies, n = 2490). We found moderate-certainty evidence that suggests walking reduces DBP for males (MD -2.54 mmHg, 95% CI -4.84 to -0.24; 6 studies, n = 203) and low-certainty evidence that walking reduces DBP for females (MD -2.69 mmHg, 95% CI -4.16 to -1.23; 20 studies, n = 1000). Only 21 included studies reported adverse events. Of these 21 studies, 16 reported no adverse events, the remaining five studies reported eight adverse events, with knee injury being reported five times. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that walking probably reduces SBP. Moderate- or low-certainty evidence suggests that walking may reduce SBP for all ages and both sexes. Low-certainty evidence suggests that walking may reduce DBP and heart rate. Moderate- and low-certainty evidence suggests walking may reduce DBP and heart rate for all ages and both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Michael C Watson
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hui-Hsin Lin
- Medical Affairs Division, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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20
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Sharkey T, Whatnall MC, Hutchesson MJ, Haslam RL, Bezzina A, Collins CE, Ashton LM. Effectiveness of gender-targeted versus gender-neutral interventions aimed at improving dietary intake, physical activity and/or overweight/obesity in young adults (aged 17-35 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2020; 19:78. [PMID: 32731865 PMCID: PMC7393713 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adulthood has become synonymous with the development of poor lifestyle behaviours associated with an increased risk of preventable chronic disease in later years. Interventions aiming to improve health behaviours may be more engaging and effective if they are targeted to males or females than interventions with a gender-neutral approach. This review will examine the outcome effectiveness of gender-targeted and gender-neutral interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity or overweight/obesity in young adults (17-35 years). METHODS Six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published up to December 2019 that evaluated nutrition, physical activity and/or overweight/obesity interventions in young adults (17-35 years). An effective intervention was one where the change in one or more primary outcome was positive and statistically significantly different from baseline, compared with control, or if no control comparator, compared with another active intervention. Effectiveness of outcomes was compared between gender-targeted and gender-neutral studies. RESULTS In total 21,582 manuscripts were identified and 107 RCTs were included; 30 gender-targeted studies (28%) and 77 gender-neutral (72%). Most gender-targeted studies were female targeted (n = 22, 73%). Primary outcome/s were adiposity (n = 36, 34%), nutrition (n = 29, 27%), physical activity (n = 28, 26%), or a combination of (n = 14, 14%). A greater proportion of gender-targeted than gender-neutral studies were effective in improving nutrition (n = 6, 100% and n = 17, 74% of studies respectively) and physical activity outcomes (n = 6, 86% and n = 14, 67% respectively), where as a greater proportion of gender-neutral studies were effective in improving adiposity outcomes (n = 13, 59% and n = 5, 36% respectively). None of these differences were statistically significant. Meta-analyses for weight found no significant differences between gender-targeted and gender-neutral studies for weight loss or weight gain prevention studies. Meta-analysis for fruit and vegetable intake demonstrated a significantly greater increase in intervention participants in gender-targeted studies of +158 g/day for > 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Although differences in outcome effectiveness were identified between gender-targeted and gender-neutral studies, these were not significantly different. This is likely due to an insufficient number of studies to detect a difference. The meta-analysis for fruit and vegetable intake findings should be interpreted with caution due to including only two gender-targeted studies. The findings collectively are suggestive of a potential difference requiring further investigation. To truly determine the effectiveness of gender-targeted interventions, well-designed RCTs comparing gender-targeted interventions with gender-neutral and control are needed. REGISTRATION This systematic review is a secondary analysis of studies included in a systematic review examining the effectiveness of interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity, or overweight/obesity in young adults, for which a predefined protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017075795).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Megan C. Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Melinda J. Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Lee M. Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
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21
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Ashton LM, Sharkey T, Whatnall MC, Haslam RL, Bezzina A, Aguiar EJ, Collins CE, Hutchesson MJ. Which behaviour change techniques within interventions to prevent weight gain and/or initiate weight loss improve adiposity outcomes in young adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13009. [PMID: 32064761 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Young adulthood is associated with the highest rate of weight gain compared with any other adult age group. This review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions with adiposity outcomes among young adults and identifies which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are most effective. BCT utilization was assessed using Michie's 93-item BCT Taxonomy v1. Six electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing change in adiposity in young adults (17-35 years) until December 2019; identifying 21,582 articles. Fifty-one studies were included. Meta-analyses for weight (n=19 studies), body mass index (BMI) (n=20 studies), and waist circumference (n=10 studies) demonstrated no significant between-group differences at ≤3 or >3 months. There were no differences between interventions focusing on weight loss or weight-gain prevention. Narrative synthesis showed significant between-group differences in weight change, favouring the intervention in 14/43 (33%) studies. In studies assessing BMI and waist circumference, this was 31% (11/36) and 25% (4/16). Two BCTs had a percentage effectiveness ratio >50% in weight loss interventions; social support (unspecified) and self-monitoring behaviour, and one in weight-gain prevention interventions; and goal-setting (outcome). Findings demonstrate initial potential for these types of BCTs and can help build cumulative evidence towards delivering effective, cost-efficient, and replicable interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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22
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Groffik D, Fromel K, Badura P. Composition of weekly physical activity in adolescents by level of physical activity. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:562. [PMID: 32334549 PMCID: PMC7183676 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) in adolescence is crucial for lifelong healthy lifestyle, and attention is needed to adolescents at health risk due to insufficient PA. This study investigates the composition of weekly PA in adolescents by PA level and provides a rationale for change in their lifestyles. Methods The research was conducted at 66 schools in Poland between 2009 and 2016, among 949 girls and 650 boys aged 15–18 years. We used pedometers to monitor weekly PA with data assessed using the Indares web app. The participants were split into three groups by mean daily step count (lower, < 9000; middle, 9000–12,999; and higher, ≥ 13,000 steps/day), as a reliable and non-expensive indicator of PA. Results We did not observe statistically significant differences in composition of 7-day PA between participants with varying levels of PA, regardless of their gender (F(12,9558) = 0.60; p = 0.841; ηp2 > 0.000). The smallest differences in daily step counts by PA level were found on Mondays and the biggest on Fridays and Saturdays, in boys and girls; the differences between average school and average weekend days were most pronounced in less active girls (1677 steps/day) and boys (1886 steps/day). During the school week, the highest proportion of less active girls met the 11,000 steps/day recommendation on Fridays (21.9%), statistically significantly less than on other school days (p < 0.001). Similarly, less active boys (22.2%) had significantly less activity on Fridays than on other school days, except for Mondays (p = 0.143) Analogous pattern was apparent also in more active adolescents. Conclusions Less active adolescents have comparable composition of weekly PA to the more active ones but they can hardly meet the generally accepted PA recommendations. Better understanding of weekly PA composition and rates of meeting PA recommendations by day of the week can lead to more efficient interventions improving lifestyles. The recommendation of 9000 steps/day most days of the week, thus, appears appropriate for less active adolescents, as a motivating achievable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Groffik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karel Fromel
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.,Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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