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Alanazi M, Bajmal E, Aseeri A, Alsulami G. Empowering adult patients with diabetes for health educators' role within their family members: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299790. [PMID: 38626054 PMCID: PMC11020498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient engagement as partners in diabetes prevention for family members/close relatives is a novel and underexplored approach. This paper aims to assess patients' willingness and confidence in their ability to succeed as health educators for their family members and investigate the influencing factors. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between January 2023 and April 2023. A newly developed and validated self-reported questionnaire, based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and previous research, was administered to a convenient sample of 134 adult participants diagnosed with diabetes. These participants sought care at primary healthcare clinics at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh and Jeddah (MNGHA). The data was examined using statistical methods including descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) Post Hoc tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS The majority of participants expressed a willingness to assume the role of health educators for their family members (n = 117, 87.31%) and reported a high level of willingness and confidence, as indicated by self-efficacy scores ranging from 12.00 to 25.00, with a mean of 21.12 (SD = 2.76). Participants' willingness to be health educators exhibited positive correlations with their perceptions of diabetes severity and susceptibility (r = .433, p < .01), perceived benefits and barriers (r = .451, p < .01), cues to action (r = .520, p < .01), self-efficacy (r = .789, p < .01), and the total score of the questionnaire (r = .640, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants expressed their willingness to assume the role of health educators for their family members, and a significant portion reported confidence in their capacity to accomplish this objective. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of equipping patients with the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively convey health messages and serve as health educators within their communities. This expansion of the approach holds the potential to have a significant impact on public health strategies for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alanazi
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Bajmal
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Aseeri
- Nursing College-Muhyil Asir, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida Alsulami
- Nursing College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Mays KK, Paik S, Trifiro B, Katz JE. Coping during COVID-19: how attitudinal, efficacy, and personality differences drive adherence to protective measures. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION IN HEALTHCARE 2024; 17:30-43. [PMID: 37092755 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2023.2202009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on people's lives since its initial outbreak and global spread in 2020. While the U.S. government and public health officials have recommended best practices such as social distancing, wearing a mask, and avoiding large public gatherings, these orders have been met with varying levels of acceptance from the public. Given the disparate compliance, this study builds on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to explore individual differences and personal motivation factors in order to better understand what may influence one's likelihood to adhere to COVID-19 protective measures. METHODS A U.S. national survey (N = 2,049) was conducted April-May 2020, roughly one month after stay-at-home orders were issued in some states. Participants were asked to report their likelihood of taking individual and community protective measures. Multivariate hierarchical linear regressions were run to analyze the extent to which participants' concerns about COVID-19's impact, individual and collective self-efficacy, coping behaviors, and personality traits influenced the dependent variables. RESULTS Findings showed that COVID-19-related health concerns, collective efficacy, and proactive coping strategies were positively related to participants' likelihood of taking protective measures. Those with greater concerns about their general well-being and the economy, adverse coping strategies like denial and joking, as well as sensation-seeking personalities, were less likely to take protective measures. CONCLUSION The discussion considers how individual differences fit into broader global efforts to stem COVID-19. Practical implications for public health messaging are that communication may focus on facilitating efficacy in order to boost compliance with protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate K Mays
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Autonomous Systems Policy Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sejin Paik
- College of Communication, Division of Emerging Media Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Briana Trifiro
- College of Communication, Division of Emerging Media Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Katz
- College of Communication, Division of Emerging Media Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Gidado S, Musa M, Ba'aba AI, Francis MR, Okeke LA, Bukar FL, Nguku PM, Hadejia IS, Hassan IA, Bande IM, Onuoha M, Usman R, Ugbenyo G, Godwin N, Ilori E, Abulfathi AA, Mshelia LA, Mohammed AM, Abdullahi MM, Bammami MI, Nuorti P, Atkins S. Knowledge, risk perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency setting, Northeast Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:634. [PMID: 38419036 PMCID: PMC10902942 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to crowded and unsanitary conditions, internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures among this population is premised on accurate information, adequate knowledge, and risk perception. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and risk perception and investigated the association between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive measures, including vaccination among IDPs in Northeast Nigeria. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study during July-December 2022 and sampled 2,175 IDPs using stratified sampling. We utilized a 12-point assessment tool to evaluate COVID-19 knowledge. Participants who scored ≥ 6 points were considered to have adequate knowledge. We used a 30-item Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale to assess COVID-19 risk perception and evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert scale. Participants were divided into risk perception categories by the median of Likert scale scores. We performed weighted logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with risk perception. Pearson's chi-squared with Rao-Scott adjustment was used to determine the relationship between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive measures. RESULTS Of 2,175 participants, 55.7% were 18-39 years old, 70.9% were females, and 81.7% had no formal education. Among the IDPs, 32.0% (95% CI: 28.8 - 35.0) were considered to have adequate COVID-19 knowledge, and 51.3% (95% CI: 47.8 - 54.8) perceived COVID-19 risk as high. Moreover, 46.3% (95% CI: 42.8 - 50.0) had received one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and 33.1% (95% CI: 29.8 - 36.0) received two doses. Adequate knowledge (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.10, [95% CI: 1.46 - 3.03]) and post-primary education (AOR = 3.20, [95% CI: 1.59 - 6.46]) were associated with risk perception. Furthermore, high risk perception was significantly associated with wearing face masks (χ2 = 106.32, p-value < .001), practicing hand hygiene (χ2 = 162.24, p-value < .001), physical distancing (χ2 = 60.84, p-value < .001) and vaccination uptake (χ2 = 46.85, p-value < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed gaps in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination uptake but demonstrated a significant relationship between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive practices. Health education and risk communication should be intensified to improve knowledge, elicit stronger risk perception, and enhance COVID-19 preventive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Gidado
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Melton Musa
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Borno State Field Office, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Mark Rohit Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lilian Akudo Okeke
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Adamawa State Field Office, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Lawan Bukar
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M Nguku
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Idris Suleman Hadejia
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Isa Ali Hassan
- Borno State Ministry of Health, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Muhammad Bande
- Department of Disease Control and Immunization, Yobe State Primary Health Care Board, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - Martins Onuoha
- Nigerian Correctional Service, Adamawa State Office, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
| | | | - Gideon Ugbenyo
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ntadom Godwin
- Epidemiology Division, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Elsie Ilori
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Lawi Auta Mshelia
- Borno State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Pekka Nuorti
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Salla Atkins
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Gobena D, Gudina EK, Gebre G, Degfie TT, Mekonnen Z. Rapid antigen test as a screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Head-to-head comparison with qRT-PCR in Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23518. [PMID: 38169801 PMCID: PMC10758869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) as a screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods This study was conducted at six referral hospitals in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. One thousand seven hundred twenty-one patients who visited the hospitals for various medical conditions were tested with qRT-PCR and/or Ag-RDTs. Qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen was performed using the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device. Results Compared with qRT-PCR, Ag-RDTs had a sensitivity of 33.3 % (95%CI: 30.9%-35.9 %) and a specificity of 99.3 % (95%CI: 98.8%-99.7 %) to detect active SARS-CoV-2 infection. The area under the receiver operator curve was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.63-0.69). The sensitivity of Ag-RDTs appeared high in patients with shortness of breath (73.3 %) and those presenting with all three symptoms - fever, cough, and dyspnea (71.4 %). In all instances, specificity was more than 98 %. The Ag-RDT positivity rate also correlated well with viral load: 51.7 % in cases with cycle threshold (Ct) < 25 (high viral load) and only 3.4 % when Ct > 25 (low viral load). Conclusion Although Ag-RDT for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 is a good option as a point-of-care screening tool, it has a low sensitivity to detect active infections. Using Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid test for diagnostic and treatment decisions may lead to a false negative, resulting in patient misdiagnosis, ultimately contributing to disease spread and poor patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabesa Gobena
- Public Health Emergency Management and Health Research Directorate, Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Getu Gebre
- Public Health Emergency Management and Health Research Directorate, Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tizta Tilahun Degfie
- Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Fenot Project, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Gumasing MJJ, Ong AKS, Sy MAPC, Prasetyo YT, Persada SF. A machine learning ensemble approach to predicting factors affecting the intention and usage behavior towards online groceries applications in the Philippines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20644. [PMID: 37818002 PMCID: PMC10560843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of e-commerce platforms, especially online grocery shopping, is heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Filipino consumers started to adapt online due to the strict quarantine implementations in the country. This study intended to predict and evaluate factors influencing the intention and usage behavior towards online groceries incorporating the integrated Protection Motivation Theory and an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology applying machine learning ensemble. A total of 373 Filipino consumers of online groceries responded to the survey and evaluated factors under the integrated framework. Artificial Neural Network that is 96.63 % accurate with aligned with the result of the Random Forest Classifier (96 % accuracy with 0.00 standard deviation) having Perceived Benefits as the most significant factor followed by Perceived Vulnerability, Behavioral Intention, Performance Expectancy, and Perceived. These factors will lead to very high usage of online grocery applications. It was established that machine learning algorithms can be used in predicting consumer behavior. These findings may be applied and extended to serve as a framework for government agencies and grocers to market convenient and safe grocery shopping globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Janice J. Gumasing
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, Philippines. 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Ardvin Kester S. Ong
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, Philippines. 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines
- E.T. Yuchengo School of Business, Mapúa University. 1191 Pablo Ocampo Sr. Ext., Makati, Metro Manila 1205, Philippines
| | - Madeline Anne Patrice C. Sy
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, Philippines. 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Yogi Tri Prasetyo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Rd., Chung-Li, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Satria Fadil Persada
- Entrepreneurship Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
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Tesfaye Y, Alemu B, Soboka M, Girma S, Reinhard MA, Rek S, Adorjan K, Zhelyazkova A, Padberg F, Jobst A, Abera M. Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Jimma town: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y. [PMID: 37715069 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to community wellbeing and mental health. However, quantifiable information on the extent of mental health problems and associated factors due to the pandemic is still lacking in low-income countries. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with risk and resilience factors among residents of Jimma town in Southwestern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2021. Data were collected from 1196 adult Jimma town residents selected through multi-stage sampling. The following scales were used for the cross-sectional assessment of depressions, anxiety and stress and their associations: depression, anxiety, and stress-21(DASS-21), World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Childhood trauma questionnaire, and brief resilience scales. A pre-tested, interviewer-completed questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Odds ratios consistent with 95% CI were used to report the presence of an association between risk and resilience factors and the outcome variable at a P-value < 0.05. Overall, 963 (80.53%) respondents had divergent DASS-21 score findings. Specifically, 27.68%, 31.52% and 21.32% experienced depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Higher DASS-21 scores were associated with the presence of one or more COVID-19 risk factors for anyone close to the participants (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27), feelings of stress/burden (β = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.12), positive coping (β = 1.044, 95% CI 1.01-1.07), loneliness (β = 1.063, 95% CI 1.04-1.08), and childhood trauma (β = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). In contrast, lower DASS-21 scores were associated with beliefs about the necessity of solidarity-based behavior (β = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), resilience (β = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97) and wellbeing (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94). In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the study community were prevalent, and associated with numerous risk and resilience factors. Although causality cannot be inferred, these findings underscore the importance of strengthening mental health services and may guide COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Bezaye Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Girma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matthias A Reinhard
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Zhelyazkova
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Klinikum der, Universität München LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Jobst
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Qasmieh SA, Robertson MM, Nash D. "Boosting" Surveillance for a More Impactful Public Health Response During Protracted and Evolving Infectious Disease Threats: Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Secur 2023; 21:S47-S55. [PMID: 37643313 PMCID: PMC10818055 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saba A. Qasmieh
- Saba A. Qasmieh, MPH, is a Research Scientist, Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, and a PhD Student, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, University of New York, New York, NY
| | - McKaylee M. Robertson
- McKaylee M. Robertson, PhD, MPH, is an Investigator, Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Denis Nash
- Denis Nash, PhD, MPH, is Executive Director, Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, and Distinguished Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, University of New York, New York, NY
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Yang L, He B, Cheng L, Wang R, Ao Y. Editorial: The physical environment and health: implications for the planning and management of healthy cities. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1245561. [PMID: 37601193 PMCID: PMC10436207 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1245561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Yang
- Department of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baojie He
- Centre for Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Yibin Ao
- College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
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Zhang C, Ou P, Guo P. Does Public Health Emergency Experience Have an Impact on Individual Reactions during COVID-19? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091212. [PMID: 37174754 PMCID: PMC10178868 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Local historical experience in public health emergencies has been perceived to largely affect COVID-19's social influence. Specifically, individuals' personal experience in public health emergencies would likely have an impact on their reactions to the next similar event. Herein, we combined life course and risk analysis frameworks to explore how individuals' experiences influence current risk perception and protective behaviors. We collected 1000 questionnaires of random network samples in six Chinese provinces of different risk levels from 29 April to 8 May 2020, and used the propensity score matching (PSM) model and multivariable linear regression to process the data. We categorized individual public emergency experience into three patterns: (1) having ever witnessed a public health emergency, (2) having ever experienced a public health emergency, and (3) currently experiencing a public health emergency. The study indicates that individuals' experiences had significant positive effects on protective behaviors against COVID-19. The average effects of the three patterns on behaviors were 0.371 (p < 0.001), 0.898 (p < 0.001) and 0.319 (p < 0.05), respectively. The study also shows that for those experiencing any one pattern, the effect of risk perception on protective behaviors appeared null in the early stage of the pandemic. We propose the potential interactive mechanism of risk factors in the life course at the individual level. Academically, this study develops the risk theory of perception and behavior and expands the application of the life course approach in the public health arena. Practically, our research indicates that public health emergency experiences are valuable for responding to a future pandemic and normalizing prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pengrui Ou
- Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Birhanu Z, Tesfaye G, Tareke KG. COVID-19 self-protective practices and associated factors among secondary school students in Jimma town, Jimma, Oromia, Southwest Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1082563. [PMID: 36620275 PMCID: PMC9816375 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1082563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since there is limited evidence regarding COVID-19 self-protective practices among school students, this study assessed COVID-19 self-protective practices and associated factors among secondary school students. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia from 25 May 2021 to 10 June 2021. The total sample size was 634, and students were randomly selected from public and private secondary schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Descriptive statistics, such as proportion and mean, were computed to describe the findings. The composite index was computed for each dimension. A linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of self-protective practice. A local polynomial smoothing graph was done using Stata 12 software to visualize the relationship between a significant variable and an outcome variable. Results A total of 576 respondents participated in this study, which made a response rate of 90.85%. The mean score for overall knowledge was 31.40 (SD ±8.65). Knowledge about COVID-19 symptoms and preventive practices had a mean score of 23.93 and 45.96, respectively. The mean scores for perceived vulnerability, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and school support were 26.37, 33.21, 43.13, 16.15, 33.38, and 25.45, respectively. The mean score for self-protective practice was 28.38 (SD ±11.04). As perceived benefit (AOR = 0.199, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.094-0.304), perceived school support (AOR = 0.125, p = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.032-0.218), and self-efficacy (AOR = 0.186, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.102-0.270) increased, COVID-19 self-protective practices also increased and vice versa. However, age (AOR = -0.873, p = 0.006, 95% CI = -1.495, -0.251), perceived vulnerability (AOR = -0.107, p = 0.021; 95% CI = -0.199, -0.016), and maternal educational status (no formal education) (AOR = -5.395, p = 0.000, 95% CI = -7.712 to 3.077) had negatively associated with self-protective practices. Conclusion COVID-19 self-protective practice is unsatisfactory. Perceived benefit, perceived school support, and self-efficacy are positively associated with it. However, students' age, perceived vulnerability, and maternal educational status (no formal education) were negatively associated with COVID-19 self-protective measures among secondary school students. The findings underscore that there is a need to conduct risk communications among students. Similarly, awareness creation intervention should target mothers with no formal education.
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Eseyneh T, Wondiye H, Fentaw Z, Eseyneh N, Bogale EK, Gutema H. Behavioral responses for facemask use messages to prevent COVID-19 among residents of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: an application of extended parallel process model. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2409. [PMID: 36550488 PMCID: PMC9773474 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes major morbidity and mortality in the world. Timely behavioral response assessment of the community is important to shape the next effective interventions and risk communication strategies to adopt preventive behavior. Hence, this study aimed to assess behavioral responses for facemask-use messages to prevent COVID-19 and its predictors among residents of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, 2021 by using the Extended Parallel Process Model. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the guide of the Extended Parallel Process Model in Bahir Dar city from March 9 to April 9, 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used, and data was collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire using Epicollect5. Descriptive statistics and Binary logistic regression were computed using SPSS V.25. Variable with P < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis was a candidate for multivariable analysis to control confounding effect. In multivariable analysis, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and the result was presented using an adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 616 participants with a response rate of 97.1% were included. Of the total participants, 229(37.2%) were in the danger control response. The behavioral response was affected by Occupational status [AOR (95%CI) 3.53(1.67-7.46)], the number of people living together [AOR (95%CI) 2.62(1.28-5.39)], self-control [AOR (95%CI) 1.14(1.05-1.25)], a friend for the preferred source of information [AOR (95%CI) 5.18(3.22-8.33)] and printed materials for the preferred channel [AOR (95%CI) 2.14(1.35-3.43)]. CONCLUSION Above one-third of the participants were in the danger control response. Occupational status, number of people living together, self-control, a friend for the preferred source of information, and printed materials for the preferred channel were independent predictors of resident behavioral response to the use of facemasks. Policymakers should consider students and people who live alone. Message developers should use a friendly person to transmit messages and should prepare printed materials. Activities and strategies should also focus on self-control and perceived efficacy without ignoring the perceived threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenagnework Eseyneh
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wondiye
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Zinabu Fentaw
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Netsanet Eseyneh
- Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Ketema Bogale
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hordofa Gutema
- grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Tareke KG, Tesfaye G, Koricha ZB. Development and validation of Health Belief Model based instrument to assess secondary school student's adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices in Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279440. [PMID: 36542638 PMCID: PMC9770370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed in developing and validating a Health Belief Model (HBM) based instrument used for cross-sectional studies among secondary school students in Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 25 to June 10, 2021. The sample size was 634, and students were randomly selected from public and private secondary schools. The 81 items were developed reviewing different literatures based on the constructs of HBM. The constructs were perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived school support and self-protective practice. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were cleaned, entered into and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A principal axis factoring with varimax rotation was carried out to extract items. Items with no loading factor or cross-loaded items were deleted. Items having factor loading coefficient of ≥0.4 were retained. An internal reliability was ensured at Cronbach's alpha >0.70. All items with corrected item-total correlation coefficient below 0.30 were deleted from reliability analysis. RESULTS In this study, 576 respondents were participated making a response rate of 90.8%. A total of thirty items were extracted and loaded in to eleven factors with cumulative variance of 56.719%. Percieved social support, percieved benefit, percieved school responsibility, self-efficacy, and practice items were internally consistent. Percieved vurnerability was neither valid nor reliable construct. Similarly, from the extracted factors, attitude towards face mask use and percieved peer influence were not internally consistent. Lastly, percieved benefit, self-efficacy and percieved school responsibility significantly predicted student's adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices. CONCLUSIONS The study found that perceived benefit, perceived school support, social support, self-efficacy, perceived school environment cleanness, perceived school responsibility, perceived school health education, attitude to use face mask, perceived severity, cues to action and perceived peer influence were valid. Finally, perceived benefit, self-efficacy and perceived school responsibility significantly predicted student's adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasahun Girma Tareke
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Genzebie Tesfaye
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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13
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Wang J, Guo C, Lin T. Public Risk Perception Attribution Model and Governance Path in COVID-19: A Perspective Based on Risk Information. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:2097-2113. [PMID: 36386558 PMCID: PMC9653047 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s379426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk perception is a key factor influencing the public’s behavioral response to major public health events. The research on public risk perception promotes the emergency management system to adapt to the needs of modern development. This article is based on a risk information perspective, using the COVID-19 event as an example. From the micro and macro perspectives, the influencing factors of public risk perception in major public health events in China are extracted, and the attribution model and index system of public risk perception are established. Methods In this paper, the five-level Likert scale is used to collect and measure the risk perception variable questionnaire through the combination of online and offline methods (a total of 550 questionnaires, the overall Alpha coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.955, and the KMO test coefficient t=0.941), and through independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and other methods to draw relevant conclusions. Results The results showed that gender and age were significantly associated with risk perception (p<0.005), and education level was significantly negatively associated with risk perception (p <0 0.005). Risk information attention and risk perception were significantly positively correlated (p<0.005), media credibility was significantly positively correlated with risk perception (p<0.005), while risk information identification and media exposure had no significant interaction with risk perception (p=0.125, p=0.352). Conclusion Factors such as gender, age, education level, place of residence, media exposure, media credibility, risk information attention, and recognition lead to different levels of risk perception. This conclusion helps to provide a basis for relevant departments to conduct public risk management of major public health events based on differences in risk perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jing Wang, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Chuqing Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Lin
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Domosławska-Żylińska K, Krysińska-Pisarek M, Czabanowska K, Sesa G. Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Risk Perceptions and Motivations for COVID-19 Preventive Measures Based on EPPM-A Polish Qualitative Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13473. [PMID: 36294050 PMCID: PMC9603327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a "major interrupting event" during which individuals largely relied on intuitive risk perceptions as precursors of COVID-19 health behaviors. Given the strong correlation between risk perceptions and the adoption of preventive measures, this pilot study attempts to explore how Polish society perceives COVID-19 health risks from the point of view of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) constitutes the basis for this research. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted, one with participants who had received COVID-19 vaccinations and the other with participants who had not. Conventional and directed content analyses were used to examine the data from the FGDs. Five categories emerged from the data: COVID-19 risk perceptions, coping with the pandemic, sources of knowledge, distrust, and pandemic fatigue. All categories fit into the theoretical constructs of the EPPM. Both groups have a high-perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection and recognize its seriousness. Individuals also have a high perceived response self-efficacy, given their awareness of COVID-19 preventive measures and how these should be applied. Nonetheless, particularly the unvaccinated, are skeptical about the effectiveness of the implemented measures, showing low perceived response efficacy. Future communication strategies should target the effectiveness of COVID-19 preventive measures, and one's perceived response efficacy, to improve adherence to public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Domosławska-Żylińska
- Department of Education and Communication in Public Health, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krysińska-Pisarek
- Department of Education and Communication in Public Health, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czabanowska
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomain 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Policy Management, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Giulia Sesa
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomain 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Gachabayov M, Sharun K, Felsenreich DM, Nainu F, Anwar S, Yufika A, Ophinni Y, Yamada C, Fahriani M, Husnah M, Raad R, Khiri NME, Abdalla RYA, Adam RY, Ismaeil MIH, Ismail AY, Kacem W, Teyeb Z, Aloui K, Hafsi M, Ferjani M, Dahman NBH, Deeb DA, Emad D, Abbas KS, Monib FA, Sami FS, Ramanarayanan S, Panchawagh S, Anandu S, Haque MA, Ferreto LED, Briones MFC, Morales RBI, Lazcano-Díaz S, Aburto JTO, Rojas JET, Balogun EO, Kusuma HI, Yeni CM, Utami NA, Enitan SS, Yomi AR, Durosinmi A, Adejumo EN, Ezigbo ED, Babadi E, Kakemam E, Ullah I, Malik NI, Rosiello F, Emran TB, Imelda E, Wendt GW, Arab-Zozani M, Dhama K, Mudatsir M, Harapan H. Perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 among community members of low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:345. [PMID: 36128553 PMCID: PMC9468621 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109575.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are considered important as they impact community health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 and to assess the factors associated with such risk perceptions among community members in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 LMICs in Africa, Asia, and South America from February to May 2021. A questionnaire was utilized to assess the perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 and its plausible determinants. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with such risk perceptions. Results: A total of 1,646 responses were included in the analysis of the perceived risk of becoming infected and dying from COVID-19. Our data suggested that 36.4% of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, while only 22.4% had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Being a woman, working in healthcare-related sectors, contracting pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, as well as seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV were all associated with a higher perceived risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. In addition, being a woman, elderly, having heart disease and pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, and seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV had a higher perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Conclusions: The perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 are relatively low among respondents; this suggests the need to conduct health campaigns to disseminate knowledge and information on the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, 600014, Russian Federation
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Daniel M. Felsenreich
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Amanda Yufika
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Youdiil Ophinni
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02139, USA
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Chika Yamada
- Department of Environmental Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, BAnda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rawan Raad
- Faculty of Medicine and General Surgery, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, 407, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | - Asma Y. Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, 12769, Sudan
| | - Wajdi Kacem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Teyeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Aloui
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Montacer Hafsi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ferjani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, 4180, Tunisia
| | | | - Dalia A. Deeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-sharkia, 44519, Egypt
| | - Dina Emad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma A. Monib
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Farah S. Sami
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt
| | - Subramaniam Ramanarayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Nellikuzhi, Kothamangalam, Kerala, 686691, India
| | - Suhrud Panchawagh
- Department of General Medicine, Smt. KashibaiNavale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India
| | - Sunil Anandu
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Lirane ED. Ferreto
- Department of Public Health and Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, 85601-970, Brazil
| | - María FC. Briones
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | - Rocío BI. Morales
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | | | - José TO. Aburto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | - Jorge ET. Rojas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | - Emmanuel O. Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, 2222, Nigeria
| | - Hendrix I. Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, BAnda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Cut Meurah Yeni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia
| | - Niken Asri Utami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia
| | - Seyi S. Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Esther N. Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria
| | - Eyiuche D. Ezigbo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 40006, Nigeria
| | - Elham Babadi
- Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 14604, USA
| | - Edris Kakemam
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516599001, Iran
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Najma I. Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Francesco Rosiello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Eva Imelda
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Guilherme W. Wendt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, 85601-970, Brazil
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 97, Iran
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute,, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 231111, Indonesia
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Abagero A, Ragazzoni L, Hubloue I, Barone-Adesi F, Lamine H, Addissie A, Della Corte F, Valente M. A Review of COVID-19 Response Challenges in Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11070. [PMID: 36078785 PMCID: PMC9518440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has positioned fragile healthcare systems in low-income countries under pressure, leading to critical gaps in service delivery. The pandemic response demands the healthcare system to be resilient and continue provision of healthcare services. This review is aimed at describing the healthcare response challenges during the pandemic in Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY Eligible studies dealing with challenges of the healthcare system in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia were included. The six World Health Organization (WHO) healthcare system building blocks were used to categorize healthcare challenges. PubMed ProQuest, databases were searched, and results were summarized using systematic review synthesis. RESULTS Financial constraints led to a shortage of mechanical ventilators. Furthermore, the pandemic hindered the capacity to avail full packages of personal protective equipment in health facilities and intensive care capacity. The pandemic also affected the delivery of maternal, child and new-born services, prevention, and treatment of childhood illness, including immunization services. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic posed various challenges to the performance of the healthcare system in Ethiopia. It is recommended that policy makers and stakeholders enhance pandemic preparedness and strengthen response capacity by considering the six WHO healthcare system building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulnasir Abagero
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- ReGEDiM—Research Group on Emergency Disaster Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 70710, Ethiopia
| | - Luca Ragazzoni
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ives Hubloue
- ReGEDiM—Research Group on Emergency Disaster Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Barone-Adesi
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Hamdi Lamine
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Faculty of medicine Ibn Aljazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Adamu Addissie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 70710, Ethiopia
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Valente
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Barattucci M, Pagliaro S, Ballone C, Teresi M, Consoli C, Garofalo A, De Giorgio A, Ramaci T. Trust in Science as a Possible Mediator between Different Antecedents and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Intention: An Integration of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071099. [PMID: 35891265 PMCID: PMC9320855 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the literature highlights, many health behavior theories try to explain both social and psychological variables influencing an individual’s health behavior. This study integrates insights relative to the antecedents of getting vaccinated from health behavior theories, particularly including the health belief model (HBM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and the different socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, we considered the possible mechanism of impact of distrust in science on individuals’ hesitance and resistance to taking up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in subjects living in Italy. A correlational study of 1095 subjects enrolled when the national vaccination campaign for the third dose was launched. A questionnaire was used to measure: Italian Risk Perception; subjective norm; trust in science, trust in the vaccine; fear of COVID-19; fear of the vaccine; perceived knowledge about SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccination intention. Principal results show that: (i) the positive relationship provided by HBM theory between perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 risk (vulnerability and severity) and intention to have the vaccine, through fear of COVID-19; (ii) the positive relationship between subjective norms and both trust in science and vaccination intention; (iii) that trust in science plays a crucial role in predicting vaccination intention. Finally, the results provided indications about a positive relationship between subjective norms and fear of COVID-19, and a full mediation role of trust in science in the relationships between determinants of both TPA and HBM, fear of COVID-19, and vaccination intention. In conclusion, an individual’s intention (not) to get vaccinated requires the consideration of a plethora of socio-psychological factors. However, overall, trust in science appears to be a key determinant of vaccination intention. Additional strategies promoting healthy behavior are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Barattucci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Ballone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Manuel Teresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Consoli
- Koinè, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychology and Educational Sciences, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alice Garofalo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
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18
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Bizuneh H, Mohammed S, Yesuf A. COVID-19 precautionary practices and associated factors among clients visiting a tertiary hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267000. [PMID: 35436310 PMCID: PMC9015144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, Addis Ababa, the country’s COVID-19 epicenter, is experiencing a sharp increase in the number of cases and death rate. While poor public adherence to COVID-19 precautionary practices is evident, factors associated with it are not well studied. We aimed to assess the level of practice of COVID-19 precaution and associated factors. Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from February 1st to 15th, 2021 at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, a tertiary teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We used a structured questionnaire to conduct a face-to-face exit interview with clients visiting the hospital. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit study participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were implemented to examine factors associated with precautionary practices. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. The Crude odds ratio (COR) and Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95% confidence interval. Results We analyzed data obtained from 262 participants. The mean age of participants was 36 (SD+12) years. The majority (207, 79%) of the study participants had a favorable attitude towards prevention and control measures of COVID-19. A little over half (116, 55.7%) of the respondents had a satisfactory level of practice of COVID-19 precautions. Living in an area with strict enforcement of COVID-19 precautionary measures [AOR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.22–4.15)], and having a favorable attitude of COVID-19 prevention [AOR: 4.88, 95% CI (2.08–11.68)] were significantly associated with satisfactory COVID-19 precautionary practices. Conclusions The level of practice of COVID-19 precaution was unsatisfactory. Favorable attitude and stricter enforcement of COVID-19 preventive measures might have contributed more to adherence to precautionary practices. The findings highlight the need for a public health education strategy targeted at improving attitudes of the community on COVID-19 focusing on the effectiveness of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael Bizuneh
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shikur Mohammed
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Yesuf
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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19
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Buelow MT, Kowalsky JM, Brunell AB. Stability of Risk Perception Across Pandemic and Non-pandemic Situations Among Young Adults: Evaluating the Impact of Individual Differences. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840284. [PMID: 35282253 PMCID: PMC8907664 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests a higher perceived risk associated with a risky behavior predicts a lower likelihood of involvement in that behavior; however, this relationship can vary based on personality characteristics such as impulsivity and behavioral activation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals began to re-evaluate the level of risk associated with everyday behaviors. But what about risks associated with “typical” risk-taking behaviors? In the present study, 248 undergraduate student participants completed measures of impulsivity, behavioral activation and inhibition, propensity to take risks, numeracy, and perceptions of and involvement in both risk-taking behavior and health promoting behavior (e.g., blood donation, registering as an organ donor, vaccination). Our study revealed that higher behavioral inhibition and greater propensity to take risks predicted greater likelihood of involvement in COVID-19-related risk behaviors, even after accounting for perceived risks and benefits of the behavior. Greater likelihood of involvement in social risk behaviors was predicted by greater numeracy and risk-taking propensity. Identifying as male, a greater propensity to take risks, and greater impulsivity predicted increased health/safety risk behaviors. Younger age, lower risk-taking propensity, and lower impulsivity were associated with a greater likelihood of donating blood. For the likelihood of registering to become an organ donor, increasing risk perception, both before and during the pandemic, was associated with greater likelihood of registering, but greater risk-taking propensity was associated with a decreased likelihood of organ donation registration. For flu vaccination, a greater propensity to take risks was associated with a greater likelihood of flu vaccination during the 2020–2021 flu season. Both cognitive and personality factors can predict involvement in risk-taking and health-promotion behaviors, warranting their continued examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Buelow
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer M Kowalsky
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, United States
| | - Amy B Brunell
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, OH, United States
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20
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Osei E, Amu H, Appiah PK, Amponsah SB, Danso E, Oppong S, Lotse CW, Owusu BE, Agongo SA, Yakubu E, Kye-Duodu G. Stigma and discrimination tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors: Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000307. [PMID: 36962445 PMCID: PMC10021222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically, infectious diseases have generated fears among populations. Unhealthy handling of these fears result in the stigma and discrimination of infected patients. Globally, measures taken so far by governments to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, although helpful, have created fears in people. Consequently, there are reported Ghanaian media cases of stigmatisation against persons who were infected and recovered from COVID-19. However, these reports remain unsubstantiated. This study, therefore, sought to examine stigma and discriminatory tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors among the adult population in Ghana. This was a population-based cross-sectional study among 3,259 adults. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, percentage, chi-square, and multivariable logistic regression were employed in analysing the data. Knowledge on COVID-19 was poor among 33.6% of the participants. Forty-three per cent had a good attitude towards COVID-19. Nearly half (45.9%) exhibited stigma and discriminatory tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors. Participants who had poor COVID-19 related knowledge (aOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.59-2.29, p<0.001) and poor attitude towards COVID-19 (aOR = 5.83, 95% CI = 4.85-6.98, p<0.001) were more likely to exhibit stigma and discriminatory tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors. Our study found relatively high proportions of poor knowledge and negative attitudes towards COVID-19. Stigma and discriminatory tendencies were consequently high. Our findings call for increased public education on COVID-19 by the Ghana Health Service and the Information Services Department, to increase the level of knowledge on the pandemic while reducing stigma and discrimination associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Osei
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University of Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Prince Kubi Appiah
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
- Department of Medical Law and Bioethics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Solomon Boamah Amponsah
- Department of Health Research and Development, Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Eastern Region, Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Evans Danso
- Department of Community Health, College of Health, Yamfo, Bono East Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Samuel Oppong
- Municipal Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Bono Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Comfort Worna Lotse
- Department of Nursing, School of Nurses and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Bright Emmanuel Owusu
- Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Simon Azure Agongo
- Department of Community Health, College of Health, Yamfo, Bono East Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Eliasu Yakubu
- Department of Community Health, College of Health, Yamfo, Bono East Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Gideon Kye-Duodu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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21
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Wang J, Guo C, Wu X, Li P. Influencing factors for public risk perception of COVID-19 --perspective of the pandemic whole life cycle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 67:102693. [PMID: 34804790 PMCID: PMC8595321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The public's risk perception of public health emergencies will determine their behavior choices to a certain extent. Research on public risk perception of emergencies is an integral part of crisis management. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, this article takes the COVID-19 epidemic as an example. It conducts empirical analysis to study the influencing factors of public risk perception of public health emergencies. The results show that: (1) the public's risk perception is affected by individual factors, event characteristics, social influencing factors, and individual relationship factors. (2) The more the public is familiar with the epidemic, the lower the risk of the epidemic. The more the public can control the loss of the epidemic risk, the perceived epidemic risk will be reduced. The more the public trusts the supreme power of the government, the lower the risk of the epidemic in their hearts is. The higher the closeness of the risk and impact of the epidemic to individuals, the higher the level of risk perception is. (3)The public's risk perception will evolve with the development of the situation, and there are differences in recognition of government departments' control measures at different stages of public health emergencies. The relevant departments should effectively guide the public's risk response behavior in combination with the life cycle of public health emergencies. The research conclusions of this article clarify the dynamic evolution of risk perception and provide a specific reference for the emergency management of public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Emergency Management Research Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Chuqing Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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22
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Real-Time Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Care and Treatment of Patients with Tuberculosis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:109. [PMID: 34824990 PMCID: PMC8603857 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There were global concerns and predictions that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would severely affect tuberculosis (TB) care and treatment services in resource-constrained countries. This study aimed to assess the real-time impact of COVID-19 on clinical care and treatment of patients with TB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: This was a facility-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in 10 health centers with high TB clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Participants were patients with TB who have been attending TB clinical care and treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic period. Data were collected using adapted, interviewer-administered questionnaires to investigate the impact of COVID-19 in their routine care and treatment. Result: The study included a total of 212 consented participants. Study participants who missed appointments for medication refill were 40 (18.9%). The most important predictors of missed appointments were fear of COVID-19 [AOR = 4.25, 95% CI (1.710–25.446)], transport disruption [AOR = 8.88, 95% CI (1.618–48.761)], lockdown [AOR = 6.56, 95% CI (1.300–33.131)], traveling costs [AOR = 10.26, 95% CI (1.552–67.882)], and personal protective equipment costs [AOR = 11.15, 95% CI (2.164–57.437)]. The most costly COVID-19 preventive measures that caused financial burden to the patients were face mask [107 (50.5%)], disinfectant [106 (50%)], and sop [50 (23.6%)]. The participants were well aware of the recommended COVID-19 preventive measures. Their perceived most effective preventive measures were the use of face mask (90.1%), frequent hand washing with soap and use of disinfectant (83.0%), avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands (77.8%), and stay at home (75.5%). Conclusions: COVID-19 significantly hampered the clinical care and treatment of patients with TB. The impact was primarily on their appointments for scheduled medication refills, clinical follow-ups, and laboratory follow-ups. Fear of getting infected with COVID-19, limited access to transportation, reduced income for traveling to health facilities, costs for personal protective equipment and traveling to healthcare facilities, and the lockdown were the major determinants. The impact could be mitigated by reducing the number of visits, rationing personal protective equipment as feasible, compensating travel expenses, providing health educations and community-based TB services, and maintaining TB services.
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23
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De Freitas L, Basdeo D, Wang HI. Public trust, information sources and vaccine willingness related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago: an online cross-sectional survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 3:100051. [PMID: 34786569 PMCID: PMC8581345 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The response of populations to public health measures may rely on the degree to which the population trusts sources of information and institutions. There has been little research in this area in the Caribbean. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate public trust in information sources, confidence in institutions and COVID-19 vaccine willingness in Trinidad and Tobago. Methods An exploratory online survey was conducted in Trinidad and Tobago from November 10th to December 7th 2020. The survey instrument was a validated questionnaire developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and adapted to the local setting. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to analyse the data. Findings The most trusted sources of information included health workers (32.5%) and the ministry of health (23.6 %). Increasing levels of trust in the medical sector were associated with decreasing levels of believing misinformation. Overall, 62.8 % of participants said they would take the COVID-19 vaccine if available. Regression analyses showed those who agreed that everyone should adhere to the national immunization schedule and those who would take the flu vaccine, were 2.77 (95% CI 1.77-4.35) and 4.60 (95% CI 3.11-6.84) timesmore likely to take the vaccine, respectively. Interpretation Our study found increasing trust in health sources, confidence in medical sector, adherence to the national immunisation schedule and acceptance of the flu vaccine may increase COVID-19 vaccine willingness rates. Although the generalisability of the findings is limited, the results of this exploratory survey may be used to identify areas for prioritisation and improvement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damion Basdeo
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Regional Health Authority, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Han-I Wang
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group (MHARG), Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
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