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Liu Y, Hughes MC, Wang H. Financial train, health behaviors, and psychological well-being of family caregivers of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100290. [PMID: 38799257 PMCID: PMC11127198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine the change in financial strain, health behaviors, and psychological well-being of family caregivers of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the differences in mental health outcomes by gender, race, and relationship status. Methods Using the 2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study COVID-19 supplement, our sample included 2026 family caregivers of older adults. Structural equation modeling was conducted. Results Caregivers with financial strain showed worse mental health than those with no financial strain. Female or adult children caregivers reported significantly less time walking, more financial strain, and a higher level of negative mental health outcomes compared to male or spouse caregivers; non-White caregivers reported greater positive mental health outcomes compared to White caregivers during the pandemic. Discussion Health professionals should consider the financial and mental health impact of COVID-19 among family caregivers when designing and delivering caregiver support programs. Innovation This study provides nationally representative estimates of several important health behaviors and health outcomes for caregivers of older adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, helping to fill the knowledge gap about the characteristics of caregivers whose health and well-being were most affected by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 815-753-1301, United States of America
| | - M. Courtney Hughes
- School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States of America
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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2
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Zhang Z, Lưu BCP, Gilbert-Diamond D. Acceptability, engagement, and preliminary efficacy of a college human physiology course with integrated mindfulness practice to support student wellbeing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1365778. [PMID: 39205975 PMCID: PMC11350291 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1365778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the acceptability of and engagement with an undergraduate human physiology course embedded with mindfulness practice. To assess its preliminary efficacy on student mindfulness and wellbeing. Methods Students (N = 36, 17% freshman, 33% sophomore, 22% junior, and 28% senior) answered online surveys at course completion. Primary outcomes were course ratings, assignment and assessment completion rates, minutes, types of mindfulness practice, changes in trait mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS), and self-reported wellbeing outcomes. We ran Chi-square goodness of fit tests and paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to decide if the outcomes differed significantly post-class. We tested the dose-response relation between mindfulness practice time and trait mindfulness and whether the out-of-class practice time was consistent across the weeks with generalized linear mixed-effect models. Results All participants reported finding the course enjoyable and that they would recommend it to their friends. They practiced for an average of 66 (SD = 27) min per week in the class and 112 (SD = 59) min on their own. The most common out-of-class practices were mindful movements, sitting meditation, and breathing. Per self-reports, the course increased student understanding of specific mindfulness practices and appreciation for their body. It improved wellbeing and trait mindfulness (MAAS mean within-person change = 1.2, SD = 0.8, p < 0.00001). We found no does-response relation between practice time and trait mindfulness. Conclusions This pilot study supports that incorporating mindfulness practice into college-level courses may promote student wellbeing and such approaches warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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3
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Keller AO, Ohlendorf JM. Engagement in physical activity among African American women caregivers: a cross-sectional study. J Women Aging 2024; 36:286-298. [PMID: 38441910 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2024.2325201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Family caregivers and African Americans often do not achieve the recommended 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. Factors associated with engaging in physical activity among African American caregivers have not been systematically examined. This cross-sectional study examined how contextual factors were associated with meeting the recommended amount of physical activity among African American women caregivers. We used a population-based sample of 1,478 African American women caregivers in the U.S. from the 2015, 2017, and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used survey-weighted multivariate regression analyses to examine associations between condition-specific factors, physical and social environment, and individual and family factors and meeting the national aerobic physical activity guideline (i.e., participating in 150 minutes (or vigorous equivalent minutes) of physical activity per week). Over half (53.9%) of African American women caregivers in the U.S. did not meet the guideline. Being age 65 years or older was associated with decreased odds of meeting the guideline compared to being between the ages of 25-44 years (OR = 0.50, 95% CI[0.26-0.99]). Compared to college graduates, women with partial college education had higher odds of meeting the guideline (OR = 2.08, 95%CI[1.24-3.51]). Having health insurance was associated with increased odds of meeting the guideline (OR = 2.28, 95%CI[1.12-4.63]). Our findings suggest several contextual factors are independently associated with meeting the national guideline. Understanding the relationships between contextual factors and engaging in physical activity among African American women caregivers can inform interventions aimed at protecting and promoting the health of these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola O Keller
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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4
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Rico-Blázquez M, Sánchez-Ruano R, Oter-Quintana C, Polentinos-Castro E, Martín-García Á, Otones-Reyes P, González-Beltrán D, Martínez-Marcos M. Family Caregivers' Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:970. [PMID: 38786382 PMCID: PMC11121002 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed lockdown measures that affected caregiving. Understanding caregivers' context provides reveals their adaptive strategies to continue caring in this situation of uncertainty and isolation. Objective: To better understand the caregiving experiences of caregivers looking after dependent individuals living in the community during the pandemic. Design: Qualitative research, phenomenological approach. Setting: Primary healthcare centers in Madrid region (Spain). Participants: 21 family caregivers. Methods: Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit caregivers across nurses from primary healthcare centers. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to explore the caring experience. Interview transcripts were evaluated using thematic analysis. Results: The findings were categorized into two themes: "Caregivers during lockdown-providing care in a time of adversity" and "Caregiving toward normality". The sub-themes identified were the re-structuring of before-care services and the introduction of new care approaches, managing the dependent person's health problems, looking after oneself, and dealing with adversity. To adapt to the new normal, strategies were put in place designed to recover confidence and trust, reincorporate assistance, and reconnect with others. Conclusions: Care intensified during the pandemic. Caregivers took on the task without assistance, focusing on preventing contagion and protecting themselves to be able to continue giving care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rico-Blázquez
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28035 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion—RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Ruano
- Ciudad de los Periodistas Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Oter-Quintana
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Group, IDIPHISA, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Polentinos-Castro
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28035 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion—RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- San Blas Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Parla, 28980 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Otones-Reyes
- San Andrés Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28021 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Damián González-Beltrán
- Barrio del Pilar Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Marcos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Group, IDIPHISA, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Nedim A, Naz I, Felekoglu E, Kopruluoglu M, Kinik M. Comparing Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children With Physical Disabilities and Typically Developing Children. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2465-2483. [PMID: 37682729 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231201591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports of the level of physical activity (PA) and its relationship to quality of life (QoL) among caregivers of children with physical disabilities (CwPD). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to compare the PA levels and QoL of two groups of caregivers - a CwPD group and caregivers of typically developing children (CwTD). We included 32 family caregivers in the CwPD group (22 women, 10 men; M age = 42.1, SD = 6.2 years) and 32 caregivers in the CwTD group (24 women, 8 men; M age = 42.3, SD = 6.1 years). We assessed PA with the International Physical Activity Scale-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and self-reported activity diaries, and we assessed QoL with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Although the IPAQ scores and sitting times of caregivers in these two groups were not statistically different (p > .05), many parameters of self-reported activity diary data and total energy expenditure were significantly higher in the CwPD than the CwTD group (p < .05, effect size = .53-1.10). The CwPD group reported a lower QoL according to the SF-36 and its sub-scores (p < .05, effect size = .54-.77), and higher PA levels than those in the CwTD group. In the CwPD group, moderate, vigorous, and total PA scores were mildly to moderately associated with the total Qol score, and many of its subscores (r = .36 to .60, p < .05). The lower quality of life observed in CwPD, despite high-intensity physical activity levels, suggested that investigators and care providers should consider QoL in the CwPD group to be multifactorial and that here is a need for caregiver interventions to enhance QoL in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Nedim
- Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Naz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elvan Felekoglu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melissa Kopruluoglu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Kinik
- Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Cardoso FJ, Victor DR, Silva JRD, Guimarães AC, Leal CA, Taveira MR, Alves JG. Physical fitness level and the risk of severe COVID-19: A systematic review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:174-180. [PMID: 37753428 PMCID: PMC10518790 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To verify systematically the association between the status of physical fitness and the risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the eligibility criteria followed the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) recommendation. PubMed, Embase, SciELO and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. All studies that explored the relationship between the pattern of physical fitness and COVID-19 adverse outcomes (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, intubation, or mortality), were selected. The quality of the studies was assessed by the specific scale of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of seven observational studies were identified in this systematic review; 13 468 patients were included in one case-control study, two cohort studies, and four cross-sectional studies. All studies reported an inverse association between high physical fitness and severe COVID-19 (hospitalization, intensive care admission, or mortality). Only some studies reported comorbidities, especially obesity and cardiovascular disorders, but the results remained unchanged after controlling for comorbidities. The quality of the seven studies included was moderate according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The methodological heterogeneity of the studies included did not allow a meta-analysis of the findings. In conclusion, higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower risk of hospitalization, intensive care admissions, and mortality rates among patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato José Cardoso
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto da Silva
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Adriane Leal
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - João Guilherme Alves
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Tambunan EH, Simbolon I. Experiences of Family Caregivers Caring for Patient with Alzheimer's Disease: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study. J Caring Sci 2023; 12:136-143. [PMID: 38020733 PMCID: PMC10663438 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2023.33098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes one of the diseases that greatly increased in the older adult population. Family caregivers play an important role in caring for family members who suffer from AD. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of family caregivers' lived experiences caring for a family member with AD from the perspective of an Indonesian. Methods Narrative interviews were conducted with 13 family caregivers. These interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Results The findings are presented under two main themes: Descent and ascent in caring for which emerged from category from being denial to acceptance, from lack of patience to compassion, from using to not using medication, and desperate yet responsibility. Another theme, caregivers' life learning emerged from the category of ongoing caring for and getting through in caring for. Conclusion Expressed concerns have shown that family caregivers not only face challenges in caring for family members suffering from AD, but also gain a lesson for life. It is necessary for family caregivers to manage caring processes for family members who suffer from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Hemme Tambunan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Universitas Advent Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
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8
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Carer distress among community living older adults with complex needs in the pre- and post-COVID-19 era: a national population study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19697. [PMID: 36385630 PMCID: PMC9668208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carer distress is one important negative impact of caregiving and likely exacerbated by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet little population-based epidemiological information exists. Using national data from repeated standardized comprehensive geriatric needs assessments, this study aims to: describe the pattern of caregiver distress among those providing informal care to community-living adults aged ≥ 65 years with complex needs in New Zealand over time; estimate the COVID-19 effect on this temporal pattern; and, investigate relationships between participants' sociodemographic and selected health measures on caregiver distress. Fractional polynomial regression and multivariable multilevel mixed-effects models were employed. Overall, 231,277 assessments from 144,358 participants were analysed. At first assessment, average age was 82.0 years (range 65-107 years), and 85,676 (59.4%) were female. Carer distress prevalence increased from 35.1% on 5 July 2012 to a peak of 48.5% on 21 March 2020, when the New Zealand Government announced a national lock-down. However, the population attributional fraction associated with the COVID-19 period was small, estimated at 0.56% (95% CI 0.35%, 0.77%). Carer distress is common and has rapidly increased in recent years. While significant, the COVID-19 impact has been relatively small. Policies and services providing efficacious on-going strategies to support caregivers deserves specific attention.
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Chyu J, Cantu P, Mehta N, Markides K. Caregiving for People With Dementia or Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221132369. [PMID: 36299916 PMCID: PMC9585366 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221132369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major source of stress for informal caregivers
for people with dementia. Studies show the unique challenges caregivers face,
such as social isolation, extended work hours, and adherence to public health
guidelines. We conducted a narrative review of factors impacting well-being of
informal caregivers of older adults with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sixty-four papers were identified as published between June 2020 and December
2021. All studies were conducted in the U.S. or other Western countries and were
cross-sectional and conducted prior to COVID-19 vaccines. Articles highlighted
increasing burdens such as financial and physical stress, as well as worsened
psychological well-being from anxiety and depression. Protective factors such as
social support and telehealth interventions also emerged. Limitations include
lack of longitudinal information to identify broader themes on caregiving during
the pandemic. Studies not only identified new, pandemic-related risk factors,
but also a heightened effect of pre-existing risk factors (e.g., income, living
situation) on caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chyu
- University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, USA
| | - Philip Cantu
- University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, USA
| | - Neil Mehta
- University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, USA
| | - Kyriakos Markides
- University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, USA,Kyriakos Markides, School for Public and
Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551, USA.
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Vazquez CE, Hess KE, McBride MJ, Cubbin C, Bearman SK, Calzada EJ. Impact of COVID social distancing measures on eating and exercise behaviors among a sample of Hispanic parents of young children in the United States. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221132389. [PMID: 36337260 PMCID: PMC9634197 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221132389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the United States, healthy behaviors, such as eating fruits/vegetables and
exercise, are well below recommended levels, particularly for Hispanics. The
COVID pandemic may have exacerbated existing health behavior disparities.
The current study examines the impact of COVID social distancing measures on
Hispanic parents’ eating and exercise behaviors, and how the impact may
differ by socioeconomic status (SES) and distress levels. Design and methods: This cross-sectional logistic regression study utilized data from a sample of
Hispanic parents in Texas (n = 237). COVID-related
questions were collected in Summer 2020. Dependent variables included
self-reported changes in exercise and eating behaviors due to the pandemic
(i.e. got better or got worse). Primary independent variables included
family-SES, neighborhood-SES, and distress due to COVID. Results: More than half (60%) of parents reported that their eating and exercise
behaviors worsened. Results showed a significant relationship between
distress due to COVID and both dependent variables; changes in eating
(OR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.20, 1.58]) and changes in exercise (OR = 1.28, 95% CI
[1.11, 1.48]). There were no observed differences by SES. Conclusions: Results suggest distress due to COVID was associated with worsening of eating
and exercise behaviors, regardless of SES. The direction of the relationship
between distress and healthy eating and exercise behaviors requires further
attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Vazquez
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Katherine E Hess
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Megan J McBride
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Kate Bearman
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Esther J Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Baik D, Coats H, Baker C. Experiences of Older Family Care Partners of Persons With Heart Failure 1 Year After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. J Gerontol Nurs 2022; 48:47-52. [PMID: 36169290 PMCID: PMC10990474 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20220908-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the health and well-being of family care partners of older adults with heart failure (HF-FCPs). The purpose of the current study was to examine the caregiving experiences and coping strategies of older HF-FCPs during the ongoing pandemic. Qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with 13 HF-FCPs (aged ≥65 years) from January to April 2021. Three themes emerged: (1) Impact on Physical, Mental, and Social Health; (2) Limitations of Using Health Care Services; and (3) Coping Strategies. During the pandemic, HF-FCPs had increased caregiving burden due to managing their own age-related health and providing care to their family member with heart failure. After 1 year of COVID-19, they adjusted by increasing use of telecommunication platforms and following prevention and protection strategies. During the ongoing pandemic, emotional and social support, respite care, and digital health support for older HF-FCPs would be beneficial for improving their physical, mental, and social health. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(10), 47-52.].
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Amo C, Almansour N, Harvey IS. Physical Activity and Mental Health Declined during the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11230. [PMID: 36141502 PMCID: PMC9517396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Mental health (MH) and physical activity (PA) share a bi-directional relationship, but most studies report MH as the outcome. With diminishing pandemic-related MH, this review examines the impact of diminished MH on PA. (2) Methods: This narrative literature review included 19 empirical studies published since the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for English language articles in peer-reviewed journals using equivalent index terms: "anxiety", "depression", "stress", "mental health", "exercise", "activity", "COVID-19", "coronavirus", and "2019 pandemic". The search reviewed 187 articles with double-rater reliability using Covidence. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. (3) Results: MH themes that impacted PA were depression and/or anxiety (n = 17), one of which identified inadequate coping and excessive pandemic stress (n = 2). In addition, women are more likely to suffer diminished MH and reduced PA throughout the pandemic. (4) Conclusion: Current research suggests that individuals with pre-pandemic MH episodes are correlated with more effective coping skills and fewer adverse effects from COVID-19 than expected. As we emerge from this pandemic, equipping all individuals, especially women, with positive coping strategies may accelerate a seamless return to PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Amo
- Department of Education, Health, & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Najla Almansour
- Department of Education, Health, & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Idethia S. Harvey
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Missouri, 313 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Miller KEM, Van Houtven CH, Smith VA, Lindquist JH, Gray K, Richardson C, Shepherd-Banigan M. Family Caregivers of Veterans Experience Clinically Significant Levels of Distress Prepandemic and During Pandemic: Implications for Caregiver Support Services. Med Care 2022; 60:530-537. [PMID: 35471419 PMCID: PMC9187587 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the 26.4 million family caregivers in the United States, nearly 40% report high levels of emotional strain and subjective burden. However, for the 5 million caregivers of Veterans, little is known about the experiences of caregivers of Veterans during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine pandemic-related changes of caregiver well-being outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN, SUBJECTS, AND MEASURES Using a pre/post design and longitudinal data of individual caregivers captured pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19, we use multilevel generalized linear mixed models to examine pandemic-related changes to caregiver well-being (n=903). The primary outcome measures include Zarit Subjective Burden, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, perceived financial strain, life chaos, and loneliness. RESULTS During the pandemic, we observe slight improvements for caregivers across well-being measures except for perceived financial strain. Before the pandemic, we observed that caregivers screened positive for clinically significant caregiver burden and probable depression. While we do not observe worsening indicators of caregiver well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, the average predicted values of indicators of caregiver well-being remain clinically significant for caregiving subjective burden and depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings illuminate pandemic-related impacts of caregivers receiving support through the Veterans Affairs (VA) pre-COVID and during the COVID-19 pandemic while caring for a population of frail, older care-recipients with a high burden of mental illness and other chronic conditions. Considering the long-term impacts of the pandemic to increase morbidity and the expected increased demand for caregivers in an aging population, these consistently high levels of distress despite receiving support highlight the need for interventions and policy reform to systematically support caregivers more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E M Miller
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Courtney H Van Houtven
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy
| | - Valerie A Smith
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer H Lindquist
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
| | - Kaileigh Gray
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
| | | | - Megan Shepherd-Banigan
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
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14
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Huang SS. Depression among caregivers of patients with dementia: Associative factors and management approaches. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:59-76. [PMID: 35111579 PMCID: PMC8783169 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As elderly people increasingly come to represent a higher proportion of the world’s population, various forms of dementia are becoming a significant chronic disease burden. The World Health Organization emphasizes dementia care as a public health priority and calls for more support for family caregivers who commonly play a significant, central role in dementia care. Taking care of someone with dementia is a long-term responsibility that can be stressful and may lead to depression among family caregivers. Depression and related behavioral and cognitive changes among caregivers could in turn affect the status and prognosis of the dementia patient. This review article explores depression in dementia caregivers and summarizes proposed mechanisms, associated factors, management and research findings, and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Sheng Huang
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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15
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McGarrigle C, Ward M, De Looze C, O'Halloran A, Kenny R. Caring in the time of COVID-19, longitudinal trends in well-being and mental health in carers in Ireland: Evidence from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104719. [PMID: 35588613 PMCID: PMC9085370 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 resulted in the older population being asked to remain at home and avoid other people outside their household. This could have implications for both receipt and provision of informal caring. OBJECTIVE To determine if informal care provision by older carers changed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from pre-pandemic care and if this was associated with a change in mental health and well-being of carers. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal nationally representative study of community dwelling adults from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) (Waves 3-COVID-Wave 6). METHODS We studied a cohort of 3670 adults aged ≥60 in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic (July-November 2020) and compared with previous data collections from the same cohort between 2014-2018. Independent variables were caregiving status and caregiving intensity, outcome measures included depressive symptoms (CES-D8), Perceived Stress (PSS4) and Quality of life (CASP12). Mixed models adjusting for socio-demographics and physical health were estimated. RESULTS Caregiving increased from 8.2% (2014) to 15.4% (2020). Depression, and stress scores increased while quality of life decreased for all participants. Carers reported poorer mental health, and higher caring hours were associated with increased depression and stress and decreased quality of life scores on average, and increased depression was higher for women. CONCLUSIONS Informal caregiving increased during the pandemic and family caregivers reported increased adverse mental health and well-being and this continued throughout the early months of the pandemic. The disproportionate burden of depression was highest in women providing higher caring hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.A. McGarrigle
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Corresponding author
| | - M. Ward
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A. O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R.A. Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Nosaka K, Fox-Harding C, Nosaka K. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity behaviours of older adults who participated in a community-based exercise program prior to the lockdown. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001217. [PMID: 36962642 PMCID: PMC10022279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on community-dwelling older adults attending a community-based exercise program to seek strategies to keep them active during self-isolated situations. A two-phase mixed methods approach included a survey followed by in-person focus groups. Forty-eight participants, with 32 starting a community-based exercise program before the lockdown and 16 joining the program after the lockdown, completed a questionnaire survey about physical activities before and during the lockdown. This was followed by three focus groups (26 participants in total) to identify factors influencing physical activity behaviours found in the survey. The survey found that the COVID-19 lockdown had varied impact on exercise adherence of the older adults: 43% of the participants exercised less during the lockdown than pre-lockdown, but 26% exercised more. Interestingly, among the participants approximately 80% still achieved the recommended physical activity level by the WHO during the lockdown. The focus groups revealed that exercise behaviours before the lockdown directly affected the behaviours during the lockdown. Participants' recognition of the support from trustworthy people also influenced their motivation to perform exercises in an isolated environment. Remote exercise programs, such as digital and printed exercise materials, were found beneficial for the participants only when they came from the people the older adults trusted through their previous experience (i.e., the program). A sense of belonging to the exercise group was also essential for the participants to achieve self-managed exercise. It was concluded that older adults need connections to an exercise group and a trustworthy exercise instructor who could continuously support them to be physically active in isolated situations such as lockdowns, in addition to exercise knowledge and a better understanding of the benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caitlin Fox-Harding
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen MH, Pham TTM, Le VTT, Nguyen TT, Luong TC, Do BN, Dao HK, Nguyen HC, Ha TH, Pham LV, Nguyen PB, Nguyen HTT, Do TV, Nguyen HQ, Trinh MV, Le TT, Tra AL, Nguyen TTP, Nguyen KT, Phan DT, Pham KM, Bai CH, Duong TV. Negative Impacts of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown on Changes in Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Mental Health as Modified by Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and eHealth Literacy. Front Nutr 2021; 8:774328. [PMID: 34869540 PMCID: PMC8633895 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.774328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19-induced lockdown has been implemented in many countries, which may cause unfavorable changes in lifestyles and psychological health. People's health literacy, healthy diet, and lifestyles play important roles in mitigating the negative impacts of the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to examine associations of COVID-19 lockdown with changes in eating behavior, physical activity, and mental health; and the modification effects by digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and eHealth literacy (eHEALS) on the associations. Methods: We conducted an observational study on 4,348 outpatients from 7th April to 31st May 2020. Data from 11 hospitals in Vietnam included demographic characteristics, DDL, eHEALS, eating behavior, physical activity, and mental health changes. Multiple logistic regression and interaction models were performed to examine associations. Results: Patients under lockdown had a lower likelihood of having “unchanged or healthier” eating behavior (odds ratio, OR, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 0.29 to 0.51; p < 0.001), “unchanged or more” physical activity (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.90; p < 0.001), and “stable or better” mental health (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.89; p < 0.001), as compared to those after lockdown. In interaction models, as compared to patients after lockdown and with the lowest DDL score, those under lockdown and with a one-score increment of DDL had a higher likelihood of having “unchanged or healthier” eating behavior (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.07; p < 0.001), and “stable or better” mental health (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04; p < 0.001). Similarly, as compared to patients after lockdown and with the lowest eHEALS score, those under lockdown and with a one-score increment of eHEALS had a higher likelihood of having an “unchanged or more” physical activity (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown measure could negatively affect eating behavior, physical activity, and mental health among outpatients. Better DDL and eHEALS were found to mitigate the negative impacts of the lockdown, which may empower outpatients to maintain healthy lifestyles and protect mental health. However, this study holds several limitations that may undermine the certainty of reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham T Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Minh H Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thu T M Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vinh-Tuyen T Le
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Traditional Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Botanic, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.,Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tan T Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.,Director Office, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thuc C Luong
- Director Office, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Binh N Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung K Dao
- Director Office, Bac Ninh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Bac Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Huu C Nguyen
- Director Office, E Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, E Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung H Ha
- Director Office, General Hospital of Agricultural, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh V Pham
- Department of Pulmonary & Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,Director Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoai T T Nguyen
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activity Center, Kien An Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Do
- Director Office, Bai Chay Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Hung Q Nguyen
- Director Office, Quang Ninh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Manh V Trinh
- Director Office, Quang Ninh General Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Thuy T Le
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam.,President Office, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Anh L Tra
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Thao T P Nguyen
- Health Management Training Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Kien T Nguyen
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung T Phan
- Faculty of Nursing, Hanoi University of Business and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nursing Office, Thien An Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue M Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam.,President Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Changes in Workers’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has changed the world and strongly affected the health of the people and the quality of their life. These changes might impact employees’ physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). This study aimed to summarize the literature focusing on the COVID-19-caused changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior among the adult working population. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in June 2021 using multiple electronic databases. The following keywords and synonyms were used during the searching process: physical activity, sedentary behavior, COVID-19, employee. After the data cleaning process (duplicates, inclusion criteria), the title and the abstract of all manuscripts from the searches were screened independently by two reviewers. Results: Thirty-nine manuscripts were selected as a result of the searching process. Of these, 5 were SB related, 15 were PA related and 19 addressed both PA and SB. There were longitudinal (10), cross-sectional (28) and a case study (1) in the selected manuscripts. The majority of studies were conducted in the USA (6) and Europe (18), and four studies examined the PA and/or SB in multiple countries. The majority (34 studies) of the studies used subjective, self-reported, but mostly before-validated questionnaires. Objective measures were less common and used only 12.8% of the examined studies. Moreover, 76.4% of the studies described an overall decrease in the amount of PA during the COVID-19 pandemic. In three cases, researchers observed an increase in PA among the workers. Five studies reported no significant changes in the amount of PA during the pandemic. As far as SB is concerned, 18 out of 24 of the studies reported an overall increase in the amount of SB between the two periods. Four manuscripts reported no significant change in the amount of SB, and there was only one manuscript in the examined studies that reported an overall decrease in the SB time before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdown and work from home (WFH) policies, impaired the PA and SB level of the populations. This period has delivered an important message for the adult working population as well. They should be as active as possible and avoid high levels of SB and uninterrupted sitting time. Therefore, organizations, policies and public health bodies should motivate workers, especially office workers, to be more active and interventions must be developed to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 on PA and SB.
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