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Malaeb D, Hassan BAR, Mohammed AH, Farhan SS, Al-Ani OA, Sarray El Dine A, Fekih-Romdhane F, Obeid S, Hallit S. Association between textual and pictorial warnings on tumbac (waterpipe tobacco) boxes and motivation to quit waterpipe smoking among Lebanese and Iraqi adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:169. [PMID: 38459469 PMCID: PMC10921803 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased tremendously at a global level among all age groups, particularly young people. Previous studies have examined the impact of waterpipe tobacco pictorial health warnings on adults but scarce studies were done on adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the association of textual versus pictorial warnings on tumbac boxes and the motivation to quit waterpipe smoking among adolescents located in two Eastern Mediterranean countries Lebanon and Iraq. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2022, involving 294 adolescents waterpipe smokers from Lebanon and Iraq. The questionnaire included the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Smoking-11, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Waterpipe Harm Perception Scale, Waterpipe Knowledge Scale, Waterpipe Attitude Scale, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Motivation to Stop Scale. RESULTS When adjusting the results over confounding variables, the results showed that compared to finding the warnings to stop smoking not efficacious at all, adolescents who find the warnings moderately (aOR = 2.83) and very (aOR = 6.64) efficacious had higher motivation to quit. Compared to finding the warnings not increasing their curiosity for information about how to stop waterpipe smoking at all, participants who confessed that warnings increased their curiosity a little (aOR = 2.59), moderately (aOR = 3.34) and very (aOR = 3.58) had higher motivation to quit. Compared to not considering changing the tumbac brand if the company uses pictorial warnings, adolescents who would consider changing the tumbac brand (aOR = 2.15) had higher motivation to quit. CONCLUSION Pictorial and textual warnings on waterpipe packs were associated with higher motivation to stop waterpipe smoking. Public health education programs for this purpose seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ali Haider Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sinan Subhi Farhan
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Medical Science Technology, University of Mashreq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Azzi V, Malaeb D, Khatib SE, Sakr F, Dabbous M, Hallit S, Soufia M. Association of behaviors and asthma control in a sample of Lebanese adolescents with asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:51-59. [PMID: 38459891 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i2.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between behavioral problems and asthma is bidirectional; while the presence of a chronic disease such as asthma might predispose the person to stress, anxiety, and other behavioral issues, behavioral problems might in turn cause uncontrolled asthma through nonadherence to asthma management strategies. In Lebanon, behavioral problems and uncontrolled asthma could be of significant concern for adolescents. Consequently, we found it necessary to evaluate association between behavioral problems and uncontrolled asthma in a sample of Lebanese adolescents. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using the snowball sampling technique in July 2023. The questionnaire was developed with Google Forms and distributed to participants via social media platforms and messaging applications. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) was used to check for uncontrolled asthma, and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) scale was used to assess behavioral problems. It yields nine subscales (anxious-depressed, withdrawn-depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggressive behavior, and other problems) and a total score. RESULTS When taking each behavior score as an independent variable, older age was associated with lower ACT scores (more controlled asthma); F(15, 186) = 3.66, P = 0.014, and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [-0.85, -0.10]. Living in a rural area, compared to urban was associated with higher ACT scores, P = 0.018, and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.28, 2.94]. The intake of the COVID-19 vaccine, P = 0.003 and 95% CI [0.73, 3.55]; waterpipe smoking, P = 0.017 and 95% CI [0.38, 3.85]; and having more somatic complaints, P = 0.005 and 95% CI [0.04, 0.25], also were significantly associated with higher ACT scores (more uncontrolled asthma). When taking the total behavior score as an independent variable, higher YSR scores were associated with higher ACT scores (more uncontrolled asthma), F(10, 191) = 4.30, P = 0.038, and 95% CI [0.003, 0.10]. CONCLUSION Our findings support the inclusion of mental health treatments for better asthma control and point to a link between behavioral issues and uncontrolled asthma. In a developing nation without a clear established strategy for asthma prevention, the findings of this study could help develop potentially beneficial public health treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan;
| | - Michel Soufia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
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Maraqa B, Nazzal Z, Baker NA, Khatib H, Zeyad M, Aburayyan O. Factors contributing to the rising prevalence of waterpipe smoking dependence among university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38378525 PMCID: PMC10880219 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects, consequences, and symptoms of nicotine dependence. This study aims to determine the prevalence of WPS dependence among Palestinian university waterpipe smoking students, their normative beliefs about WPS, and their relationship to dependence. METHODS A cross-sectional study of current WPS university students at five major Palestinian universities was conducted from September to December 2022. Participants were recruited using convenient sampling, and data collection was carried out via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We assessed students' WPS dependence using the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale. We used the Poisson regression model with robust variance to analyze factors independently associated with high WPS dependence. RESULTS The study included 746 current WPS university students. Results revealed a high prevalence of WPS dependence, with 69.4% (95%CI: 66.0-72.7%) exhibiting high dependence. Factors contributing to high WPS dependence included dual cigarette smoking (aPR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.12-1.25), studying medical sciences (aPR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.18), friends' approval of WPS (aPR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.17-1.34), daily WPS frequency (aPR: 1.98; 95%CI: 1.39-2.23), spending more than 50% of daily allowance on WPS (aPR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.10-1.64), and morning WPS sessions (aPR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.31-2.27). The study highlighted the influence of social factors, such as peers' approval and perceived prevalence, on WPS dependence. CONCLUSIONS WPS dependence is prevalent among university students, and it is associated with morning WPS, dual smoking, and increased WPS frequency. Notably, peer and cultural factors are essential primary motivators. As a result, it is critical to incorporate WPS considerations into Palestine's antismoking health promotion program. Therefore, it is vital to incorporate WPS into the Palestinian antismoking health promotion policy, and the health education of adolescents regarding the dangers of WPS should coincide with antismoking initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beesan Maraqa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
- Primary HealthCare, Ministry of Health, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Community Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Noor Abu Baker
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Heyam Khatib
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Marwa Zeyad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Omar Aburayyan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Quds University, Al-Quds, Palestine
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Youssef L, Salameh P, Sacre H, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Association between alexithymia, emotional intelligence, smoking addiction, and alcohol use disorder among a sample of Lebanese adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295114. [PMID: 38033004 PMCID: PMC10688648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia can be associated with worse addictive traits, while emotional intelligence is associated with better addictive outcomes. In Lebanon, the prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe smoking is on the rise, although people are aware of the associated harms. Also, around 11% of Lebanese adults have experienced alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aimed to assess the association between alexithymia, emotional intelligence, smoking (cigarette and waterpipe), and AUD among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study carried out between February and April 2020, during the lockdown period, enrolled 408 community-dwelling adults. The survey link was shared on social media to reach participants from all Lebanese districts/governorates. RESULTS Taking antidepressants (Beta = 4.37) was significantly associated with more cigarette dependence, while female gender (Beta = -1.52) and having a high vs. low monthly income (Beta = 1.02) were significantly associated with less cigarette dependence. None of the variables, including alexithymia, were significantly associated with waterpipe dependence. Female gender (Beta = -0.15) and higher emotional intelligence (Beta = -0.003) were significantly associated with less AUD, whereas higher alexithymia (Beta = 0.003) was significantly associated with more AUD. CONCLUSION This study could demonstrate a significant association between alexithymia and cigarette smoking and alexithymia and alcohol consumption. Future research is warranted to investigate the mediating effect of emotional intelligence and how these results may be used to meet the needs of alexithymic individuals with addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Youssef
- Modern Dagher Medical Laboratories, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Nabhan EM, Jaafar K, Daoud R, Nasser Z. Sleep Quality and Nicotine Dependence Among Lebanese University Residents and Fellows: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42364. [PMID: 37621823 PMCID: PMC10445409 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Sleep quality and nicotine addiction are important public health issues with significant negative impacts on individual well-being and the performance of healthcare professionals. This study aims to determine the prevalence and association of nicotine dependence and poor sleep quality among residents and fellows enrolled in the Lebanese University. Methods A cross-sectional study using the snowball-sampling technique was conducted in Lebanon between January and March 2023. Data were collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, nicotine dependence, and sleep quality. A total of 350 residents and fellows were included in the study. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were carried out to identify the factors associated with sleep quality. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results One quarter (25.1%) of the residents and fellows were smokers; among them, 44.3% smoked I Quit Ordinary Smoking (IQOS), 14.8% smoked cigarettes, 10.2% smoked waterpipe (WP), 12.5% smoked cigarettes and WP, and 18.2% smoked IQOS and WP. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 34.3% of participants had poor sleep quality. Smokers had 12.5 times higher odds of experiencing poor sleep quality compared to non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio ORadj = 12.58 with 95% confidence interval [CI] of 7.07-22.36; p-value <0.001). In addition, smoking a combination of two types of tobacco products (cigarettes with WP or IQOS with WP) posed the highest risk of poor sleep quality, with an adjusted odds ratio of 31.54 (95% CI of 9.15-45.74, p-value <0.001). Elevated Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) scores indicated an increased risk of poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio ORadj = 4.69 with 95% CI of 2.179-10.10; p-value <0.001; and adjusted odds ratio ORadj =1.27 with 95% CI of 1.04-1.55; p-value 0.019, respectively). Conclusion Our study found a significant association between nicotine dependence and poor sleep quality among medical residents and fellows, with smokers being more susceptible to sleep disturbances. The high prevalence of IQOS smoking among medical residents and fellows in Lebanon highlights the urgent need for comprehensive research investigating the effects of heated tobacco products. Furthermore, our study reveals a critical insight into the potential additive effects of nicotine, suggesting that the concurrent use of multiple tobacco products may further elevate the risk of poor sleep quality. Recognizing the implications of our findings, it is imperative to develop targeted interventions and educational programs that promote healthier sleep habits and facilitate smoking cessation among medical residents and fellows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Nabhan
- Internal Medicine, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
- Cardiology, University of Balamand, Beirut, LBN
| | - Kamel Jaafar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
| | - Rama Daoud
- General Medicine, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
| | - Zeina Nasser
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Hadath, LBN
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Whelan AR, Gimovsky AC, Jao NC, Werner EF, Vergara-Lopez C, Stroud LR. Waterpipe Tobacco (Hookah) Use in Pregnancy: Associations with Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1033-1039. [PMID: 36724874 PMCID: PMC10483021 DOI: 10.1055/a-2024-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Waterpipe tobacco (WPT) use is common among reproductive age patients and is often perceived as safer than cigarette use. Prior studies have shown a decrease in nausea and vomiting symptoms among pregnant women who use cigarettes, but no studies to date have examined these symptoms in pregnant women who use WPT. This study was aimed to investigate the extent of symptoms of nausea/vomiting of pregnancy among participants who self-reported WPT use during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study examining WPT use during pregnancy. Participants completed the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) during first and third trimesters. Medical conditions were determined by medical record review. Participants were evaluated by sole WPT use versus dual/polysubstance WPT use and frequency of WPT use. RESULTS Ninety-nine (100%) participants completed the PUQE questionnaire during first trimester and 82 (82.8%) completed the PUQE during third trimester. Almost all (91.9%) participants reported moderate nausea/vomiting symptoms at both assessments. There was no difference in frequency of WPT use in pregnancy or rates of dual/polysubstance WPT use in participants with all levels of the PUQE questionnaire. There was also no difference in rates of WPT use or PUQE scores between sole WPT users and dual/polysubstance users. When comparing low and high WPT use, those who were in the higher frequency use group had higher waterpipe dependence scale scores (7.2 vs. 5.3, p < 0.02). With regard to maternal medical comorbidities, the only difference between groups was that sole WPT users were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma than dual/polysubstance users (36.8 vs. 14.9%, p < 0.02). CONCLUSION There were no differences in symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or medical conditions in pregnant women who use WPT with any frequency during pregnancy. However, sole WPT users had higher rates of asthma than dual/polysubstance WPT users. KEY POINTS · Waterpipe tobacco use is one of the most common forms of tobacco use among reproductive age patients.. · Waterpipe tobacco use was not associated with any changes in nausea/vomiting of pregnancy symptoms.. · Future research on the use of waterpipe tobacco in pregnancy can aid in public health responses..
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Whelan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexis C Gimovsky
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erika F Werner
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Hammoudi Halat D, Hallit S, Younes S, AlFikany M, Khaled S, Krayem M, El Khatib S, Rahal M. Exploring the effects of health behaviors and mental health on students' academic achievement: a cross-sectional study on lebanese university students. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1228. [PMID: 37365573 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High academic achievement, an important determinant of future success, is known to be influenced by many factors including dietary behavior, lifestyle and mental health, among others. The objectives of the current study were to explore university students' nutritive habits, daily lifestyle, and mental status, and to scrutinize the associations between these factors and students' academic achievement. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a private Lebanese university, using an electronic survey. Diet, eating habits, physical activity, sleep, and smoking were evaluated, and mental health was assessed using a validated Arabic version of the combined Depression, Anxiety, Stress Score (DASS-8). Academic achievement was measured using the Subjective Academic Achievement Scale (SAAS). RESULTS A total of 1677 students participated in the questionnaire. The results of a linear regression taking the SAAS score as the dependent variable, showed that students who have a non-scientific versus scientific major (Beta = 0.53), and having breakfast ≥ 4 days per week compared to less than 2 days (Beta = 0.28) were significantly associated with higher SAAS scores. More psychological distress (Beta = - 0.06) and a higher number of days of eating out (Beta = - 0.07) were significantly associated with lower SAAS scores. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation on a Lebanese university students' academic success in relation to lifestyle and mental profiles. Better academic achievement was demonstrated by students having healthier dietary and lifestyle habits, as well as less distressing mental status. Such results, in light of the compounded and unprecedented crises with which Lebanon has been assailed, suggest the need to focus on promoting healthy habits among students in higher education as a possible driver of better academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Department of Research, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Samar Younes
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Mira AlFikany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Khaled
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Maha Krayem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
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Maalouf E, Hallit S, Salameh P, Hosseini H. Eating Behaviors, Lifestyle, and Ischemic Stroke: A Lebanese Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1487. [PMID: 36674240 PMCID: PMC9864864 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability on a global scale. Most clinicians tend to underestimate the importance of diet and inadequate or dysfunctional eating attitudes in patients with a complicated relationship with food. Concerned about the potential of an independent Lebanese approach, and also because prior international research has revealed a link between eating intake or choice and ischemic stroke risk, it was considered vital to broaden the scope of the literature and evaluate further the association of disordered eating attitudes and focus on the distinct relationship with food in the case of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in the Lebanese community. Consequently, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the potential association between pre-existing disordered eating attitudes, specifically ON, and ischemic stroke risk, with an emphasis on the evidence supporting a Mediterranean-style diet. METHODS This research is a case-control survey study involving 113 Lebanese individuals with ischemic stroke and 451 age-(within 5 years) and sex-matched controls recruited from several hospitals in Lebanon (April 2020-April 2021). RESULTS According to the findings of our first regression model, living 100 m from a crowded road (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.421, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.585-7.387), living 100 m from an electricity generator (aOR: 3.686, 95% CI: 1.681-8.085), higher waterpipe dependence (aOR: 1.204, 95% CI: 1.117-1.297), higher exposure to passive smoking (aOR: 2.651, 95% CI: 2.051-3.426), being married (aOR: 3.545, 95% CI: 1.297-9.689), having a low educational attainment (aOR: 0.239, 95% CI: 0.084-0.679), vigorous physical activity (aOR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.006), and having more inappropriate eating (aOR: 1.040, 95% CI: 1.006-1.074) were all associated with higher odds of having ischemic stroke. Furthermore, atrial fibrillation (aOR: 2.945, 95% CI: 1.010-8.585), diabetes (aOR: 2.550, 95% CI: 1.169-5.561), heart diseases (aOR: 6.193, 95% CI: 2.196-17.463), and hypertension (aOR: 2.744, 95% CI: 1.049-7.180) were also linked to an increased risk of stroke. Moreover, having more orthorexia nervosa tendencies (aOR: 1.123, 95% CI: 1.021-1.235) was related to a higher odds of having an ischemic stroke, whereas better adherence to the MeD was significantly linked (aOR: 0.691, 95% CI: 0.583-0.819) to lower odds of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic stroke patients were more likely to have disordered eating attitudes and orthorexic behaviors. Furthermore, the MeD has been found to be beneficial in reducing ischemic stroke risk. Despite the study's focus, outdoor pollution, waterpipe dependence, and passive smoking were linked to ischemic stroke. In summary, this review suggests that improving one's nutritional status and making a few lifestyle changes are key stroke prevention and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Maalouf
- Life and Health Sciences Department, Paris-Est University, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 5053, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- UPE-C, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, INSERM U955-E01, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
- Hopital Henri Mondor, APHP, 94000 Creteil, France
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Samaha S, Azzi R, Rizk R, Sarray El Dine A, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S, Soufia M. Association between the bi-dimensional aspect of orthorexia and healthy behaviors among lebanese adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:725. [PMID: 36411409 PMCID: PMC9676759 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been a blooming focus on "eating healthy and clean", with the ideal of being healthy becoming a popular lifestyle trend. Previous research suggested the presence of two forms of orthorexia: Orthorexia Nervosa (OrNe) and Healthy Orthorexia (HeOr). Taking into consideration that orthorexia thoughts are led by the desire to reach an optimal physical health, the dedication to a healthy living may require healthy lifestyle habits: smoking cessation, moderate alcohol intake, and increased physical activity. The main study aim was to determine, among Lebanese adolescents, the association between healthy behaviors and the two likely forms of orthorexia (OrNe and HeOr), given that the adolescent phase is a risky period in the development of eating disorders. METHODS A cross-sectional study, conducted between January and April 2022, enrolled 444 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years, with an equitable random sample from all the Lebanese governorates (mean age 16.23 ± 1.15 years; 60.1% females). The Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) was used to assess orthorexic eating tendencies. The Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scales, all validated in adolescents, were used to evaluate the association between orthorexia and healthy behaviors. RESULTS Higher TOS OrNe scores were significantly and highly correlated with the TOS HeOr scores (r = 0.68; p < 0.001). In the bivariate analysis, waterpipe smoking was weakly but significantly associated with more OrNe, whereas more physical activity was significantly and moderately associated with more HeOr. After adjusting over all sociodemographic characteristics, other behaviors and the other dimension of orthorexia, more alcohol use disorder was significantly but strongly associated with higher OrNe, whereas more physical activity remained significantly associated with higher HeOr. CONCLUSION In light of our results, OrNe and HeOr might be considered as different entities, mainly in their associations with alcohol consumption and physical activity. This supports the hypothesis of OrNe being a new form of eating disorder, whereas HeOr possibly showing protective characteristics. Orthorexia is still a topic of controversy, especially in the probable presence of two facets that are still difficult to differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Samaha
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Reine Azzi
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rana Rizk
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Abir Sarray El Dine
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411884.00000 0004 1762 9788College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, 11931, Amman, Jordan. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Awad E, Hallit R, Haddad C, Akel M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Is problematic social media use associated with higher addictions (alcohol, smoking, and waterpipe) among Lebanese adults? Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1554-1563. [PMID: 34716597 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the correlation between problematic social media use, alcohol use disorder, and smoking addiction through both cigarettes and waterpipe, among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out between January and April 2019. It enrolled 461 residents of the community randomly selected from Lebanon's districts in a proportionate rate. RESULTS Higher problematic social media use was significantly associated with more waterpipe addiction but not cigarette dependence and alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon.,Department of Infectious Disease, Notre-Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Department of Research, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,Department of Research, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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Azzi V, Iskandar K, Obeid S, Hallit S. Parental divorce and smoking dependence in Lebanese adolescents: the mediating effect of mental health problems. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:471. [PMID: 35922838 PMCID: PMC9351249 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon has the highest prevalence estimates among Middle Eastern countries and Arab women regarding cigarette smoking, with 43% of men and 28% of women involved in such trends. Marital disruption is a tremendous source of irritability and discomfort that may hinder a child's healthy development, creating perturbing distress and increasing disobedience that may exacerbate smoking addiction. Additionally, Lebanese adolescents are inflicted by high emotional and economic instability levels, rendering increased susceptibility to distress and propensity to engage in addictive behavior. This study aims to investigate the association between parental divorce and smoking dependence among Lebanese adolescents, along with exploring the potential mediating effect of mental health disorders of such correlation. METHODS A total of 1810 adolescents (14 and 17 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional survey-based study (January-May 2019). Linear regressions were conducted to check for variables associated with cigarette and waterpipe dependence. PROCESS v3.4 model 4 was used to check for the mediating effect of mental health disorders between parental divorce and smoking dependence. RESULTS Higher suicidal ideation and having divorced parents vs living together were significantly associated with more cigarette and waterpipe dependence. Higher anxiety was significantly associated with more waterpipe dependence. Insomnia and suicidal ideation played a mediating role between parental divorce and cigarette/waterpipe dependence. CONCLUSION Our results consolidate the results found in the literature about the association between parental divorce and smoking addiction and the mediating effect of mental health issues. We do not know still in the divorce itself or factors related to it are incriminated in the higher amount of smoking in those adolescents. Those results should be used to inspire parents about the deleterious effect of divorce on their children to lower their risk of smoking addiction. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the complexity of such associations and to see whether the divorce experience by itself or the factors that accompany it are involved in the increased smoking addiction among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, 1105, Lebanon.,Lebanon Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, 1103, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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12
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Association of violent video games with alcohol use disorder and smoking dependence among male adolescents in Lebanon. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:354-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Sanayeh EB, Iskandar K, Fadous Khalife MC, Obeid S, Hallit S. Parental divorce and nicotine addiction in Lebanese adolescents: the mediating role of child abuse and bullying victimization. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:79. [PMID: 35287735 PMCID: PMC8919634 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon ranks first amongst Middle-Eastern countries in terms of cigarette and waterpipe smoking. Understanding the mediating factors for nicotine addiction in adolescents who have experienced parental divorce is vital to take effective measures that will help in lowering its prevalence in our community. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the increasingly concerning parental divorce and nicotine addiction in Lebanese adolescents while taking into consideration the plausible mediating effect of abuse and bullying victimization. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey-based study that was conducted between January and May 2019. A total of 1810 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years was enrolled from 16 Lebanese schools. Linear regressions taking the cigarette and waterpipe dependence scores as dependent variables were conducted respectively, using the SPSS software. PROCESS v3.4 model 4 was used for mediation analysis. RESULTS A total of 11.9% of the enrolled participants had divorced parents. Higher cigarette and waterpipe dependence were found in adolescents whose parents were divorced compared to those living together. More child psychological abuse, having divorced parents vs living together, and more child physical abuse were significantly associated with higher cigarette dependence. More child psychological and physical, and having divorced parents vs living together were significantly associated with more waterpipe dependence. In addition, all forms of abuse (except neglect) and bullying victimization had a partially mediating effect in the associations between parental divorce and nicotine dependence (cigarette and waterpipe) in adolescents. CONCLUSION This study results may serve as a first step towards enrolling separated parents and their children in special prevention programs to help them create a protective and supportive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Bou Sanayeh
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Department of Mathématiques Informatique et Télécommunications, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, INSERM, UMR 1027, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Claude Fadous Khalife
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Street 93, Byblos, Postal Code 3, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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Haddad P, Roukoz R, Akel M, Hallit S. Gambling problems among Lebanese adults: Arabic-Language version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) scale validation and correlates. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:18. [PMID: 35105378 PMCID: PMC8805136 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the DSM-5, gambling disorder is recognized as the only behavioral addiction. The number of people with mental health disorders is increasing in Lebanon, especially since the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the most used tool in the world in terms of pathological gambling, has never been translated to Arabic, culturally adapted in a way that suits the Lebanese population and validated. This study's objectives were to validate an Arabic-language version of the SOGS and assess factors associated with probable pathological gambling among Lebanese adults. METHODS This study was carried out between February and April 2021, during the lockdown period imposed by the Lebanese government. A total of 601 individuals participated in this study by filling the online questionnaire. RESULTS A factor analysis, using the principal component analysis, was performed on the SOGS scale items. The SOGS items were able to explain 73.35% of the variance, with an internal reliability of KR20 = 0.947 for the total scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the results of the factor analysis. More problematic alcohol use (aOR = 1.17), and more depression (aOR = 1.13) were significantly associated with higher odds of probable pathological gambling, whereas females (aOR = 0.27) had significantly lower odds of probable pathological gambling compared to males. CONCLUSION Our study validated an Arabic-language version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) for use in Lebanon, and showed some factors associated with probable pathological gambling (male gender, alcohol use disorder and depression). This reliable and valid version will hopefully contribute towards better screening for gambling disorder in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haddad
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Roger Roukoz
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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Obeid S, Hallit S, Sacre H, Salameh P. Factors associated with the onset of smoking and alcohol consumption: A cross-sectional study among Lebanese adolescents in schools. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:194-199. [PMID: 35094905 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate factors and profiles associated with the earlier onset of cigarette/waterpipe smoking and alcohol consumption among Lebanese adolescents in schools. METHODS A total of 4000 adolescents (mean age = 15.31 ± 2.01 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The standardized questionnaire was taken from the Health Behavior in School Children (HBSC) study in different countries (France, Belgium, and the USA) and adjusted to the Lebanese population. K-means clustering analysis was conducted to classify participants into three clusters according to their patterns (surrounded by smokers, surrounded by drinkers, and ease of talking to family members and friends) and Cox regression analyzes were conducted. RESULTS Participants were divided into three clusters. Cluster 1 (16.75% of participants) included adolescents with the lowest ease of talking to a family member or friend, with the latter smoking and drinking a lot (worst cluster). Cluster 2 (54.95%) included adolescents with moderate ease of talking to a family member and more to friends, surrounded by low-to-moderate smoking and alcohol consumption, particularly for a best friend (positive influence cluster). Finally, cluster 3 (28.30%) included adolescents with low ease of talking to friends, moderate ease of talking to a family member, and low-to-moderate smoking and alcohol consumption (low influence cluster). The results of the Cox regressions (taking the age at onset of smoking cigarettes and waterpipes as the dependent variables) showed that older age at onset of cigarette and waterpipe smoking was significantly associated with female participants and those belonging to clusters 2 and 3 compared to cluster 1. Moreover, a younger age at first alcohol use and getting drunk was significantly associated with living outside Beirut, whereas female gender and belonging to clusters 2 or 3 compared to cluster 1 were significantly associated with older age at first alcohol use and getting drunk. CONCLUSION This study identified risk factors (ease of talking as well as smoking and alcohol-drinking status of parents, siblings, and friends) and profiles related to early alcohol and cigarette/waterpipe use. These risk factors and profiles could help implement prevention campaigns to reduce substance use and improve adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Mina A, Hallit S, Rogoza R, Obeid S, Soufia M. Binge eating behavior in a sample of Lebanese Adolescents: Correlates and Binge Eating Scale validation. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:134. [PMID: 34670627 PMCID: PMC8527281 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder is a common eating disorder among the adolescent population. The available literature in the Middle East in general, and Lebanon specifically, is relatively scarce and/or outdated. The objectives of this study were to (1) validate the Binge Eating Scale (BES) for use in Lebanese adolescents, and (2) assess correlates of binge eating behavior among this population. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted between May and June 2020, enrolling 555 adolescents between the ages of 15-18 years old from all Lebanese governorates. The Binge Eating Scale was used to screen for the presence/absence of binge eating. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the one-factorial model fits the data best. The results of a linear regression, taking the binge eating score as the dependent variable, showed that higher body dissatisfaction, more alcohol use disorder, higher depression, vomiting to lose weight and starving to lose weight were significantly associated with more binge eating. Higher self-esteem was significantly associated with less binge eating. CONCLUSION The Arabic Version of the BES scale seems to be a reliable tool to be used in Lebanese adolescents for the assessment of binge eating. More body dissatisfaction, lower self-esteem, increased depressive symptoms were associated with more binge eating. We hope this tool will be a reliable one to be used in epidemiological studies and research about eating behaviors/disorders. The results showed that higher body dissatisfaction, higher depression, vomiting to lose weight and starving to lose weight were significantly associated with more binge eating. Our study also showed that the Binge Eating Scale is an adapted and validated tool to be used among Lebanese adolescents for the assessment of binge eating. We hope that the study results will help clinicians in the screening and management of Binge Eating behaviors among Lebanese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mina
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Radoslaw Rogoza
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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