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Brennan Kearns P, Csajbók Z, Janoušková M, Kučera M, Novák D, Fryčová B, Kuklová M, Pekara J, Šeblová J, Seblova D. Trajectories of symptoms of depression, distress, and resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and toward its end in Czechia. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e49. [PMID: 38738525 PMCID: PMC11441339 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) may have improved after the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to model the trajectories of psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and toward its end in HCWs in Czechia and investigate, which COVID-19 work stressors were associated with these trajectories. METHODS The study included 322 HCWs from the Czech arm of the international HEROES Study who participated in an online questionnaire in two waves during the pandemic and one wave toward its end. Growth mixture modeling identified trajectory patterns of depressive symptoms (measured with Patient Health Questionnaire), distress (General Health Questionnaire), and resilience (Brief Resilience Scale). Logistic regression was applied to estimate the association of COVID-19 stressors with mental health trajectories, adjusting for baseline characteristics. RESULTS Trajectory classes revealed both high and low depressive symptoms (high in 61% of participants), distress (high in 82% of participants), and resilience (low in 32% of participants). Depressive symptoms and distress trajectories demonstrated the same shape, first increasing during the pandemic and decreasing toward its end, while resilience remained constant. Exposure to COVID-19 stressors, in particular, the experience of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence, was associated with high depressive symptoms and distress trajectories, but not with resilience. CONCLUSIONS Interventions provided to HCWs during crises such as pandemic should target distress and depressive symptoms and need to address stigmatization, discrimination, and violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsófia Csajbók
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Janoušková
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Novák
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Fryčová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Pekara
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Medical College, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Šeblová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Fernandes A, Ferreira S, Moreira P, Machado-Sousa M, Couto B, Raposo-Lima C, Costa P, Morgado P, Picó-Pérez M. Stress, anxiety, and depression trajectories during the "first wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic: what drives resilient, adaptive and maladaptive responses in the Portuguese population? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333997. [PMID: 38414900 PMCID: PMC10897044 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 outbreak and the community mitigation strategies implemented to reduce new SARS-CoV-2 infections can be regarded as powerful stressors with negative consequences on people's mental health. Although it has been shown that negative emotional symptoms subside during lockdown, it is likely the existence of inter-individual differences in stress, anxiety and depression trajectories throughout lockdown. Objectives We aimed to cluster participants' according to their trajectories of stress, anxiety and depression scores throughout lockdown, and identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors that may distinguish the subjects included in the different clusters. Methods From March 23, 2020, to May 31, 2020, participants completed weekly online questionnaires on sociodemographic information (age, sex, education level, and employment status), psychological functioning (DASS-21, NEO-FFI-20), and clinical data (psychiatric disorders, psychiatric medication, physical disorders). Data regarding smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and time spent daily looking for COVID-19-related information were also collected. Stress, anxiety and depression trajectories were determined using latent class mixed models. Results A total of 2040 participants answered the survey at baseline and 603 participants answered all surveys. Three groups ("Resilient," "Recovered," and "Maladaptive") with distinct mental health trajectories were identified. Younger participants, women, participants with lower education level, not working, studying, diagnosed with a mental disorder, taking psychiatric medication, smokers, those who spent more time consuming COVID-19-related information and those with higher neuroticism tended to cluster in the "Maladaptive" group, placing them at higher risk of persistent negative emotional symptoms during compulsory confinement. Conclusion Accordingly, a tailored approach to emotional suffering for vulnerable subjects during the COVID-19 and future pandemics must be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Machado-Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Couto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Raposo-Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Rothe J, Brückner G, Ring M, Roessner V, Wolff N, Vetter NC. Emotions and worries during 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic - how adults with and without mental health conditions coped with the crisis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38336631 PMCID: PMC10858480 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID 19 pandemic, there were social restrictions with severe mental stress for a long time. Most studies on mental health consequences of the pandemic focused primarily on the beginning of the pandemic. The present study on families of patients or study participants of a child and adolescent psychiatry aimed to examine long-term profiles of emotions and worries in adults with and without mental health condition (mhc) during the first 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We surveyed emotions and worries of 128 adults with (n = 32) and without (n = 96) pre-pandemic mhc over a 1.5-year study period from spring 2020 until summer/autumn 2021. Emotions and worries were captured at four time points: [i] pre-pandemic, [ii] spring 2020 (first lockdown was implemented), [iii] December 2020 (hard lockdown at Christmas time) and [iv] summer/autumn 2021 (considerable ease of regulations); [i] pre-pandemic and [iii] December 2020 were measured retrospectively). First, we run non-parametric tests to compare emotions and worries between adults with and without pre-pandemic mhc at the four time points. Next, we conducted latent profile analysis to identify subgroups from the total sample who share similar trajectories of emotions and worries. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was run to examine whether socio-demographic and psycho-social factors were related to identified trajectories of emotions and worries. RESULTS Adults without pre-pandemic mhc reported a strong worsening of emotions and worries at the beginning of the pandemic and a lower worsening during the course, while adults with pre-pandemic mhc reported a constant worsening of emotions and worries. The latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of adults who show either i) an adaption, ii) no adaption or iii) a continuous high condition. With increasing age, higher perceived stress and pre-pandemic mhc, the likelihood of an adaption was increased. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that adults (both with and without pre-pandemic mhc) coped the crisis with different strategies and that most of them returned to their initial, pre-pandemic levels of emotions and worries when social restrictions were considerably eased or stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Rothe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Greta Brückner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Li R, Karukivi M, Lindblom J, Korja R, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nolvi S. Trajectories of COVID-19 pandemic-related depressive symptoms and potential predictors: the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:151-163. [PMID: 37668674 PMCID: PMC10799828 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems have been reported, and parents of young children may be more vulnerable to psychological distress due to increased caregiving responsibilities. However, research on the heterogeneity of the longitudinal course of psychological symptoms during the pandemic and the predispositions linked with these courses is still scarce. This study aimed to identify differential trajectories of depressive symptoms among the parents of young children and investigate the role of temperament traits, alexithymia, and coping styles in the heterogeneity of the symptom trajectories. METHODS The sample consists of 844 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Latent growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms from pre-pandemic between 2014 and 2019 (T0, the closest available measurement was used) to May/June 2020 (T1) and December 2020 (T2) during the pandemic. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine temperament, alexithymia, and coping as predictors of symptom trajectories, controlling for various background factors. RESULTS Four trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified. Most parents experienced low and stable depressive symptoms. Negative affect, effortful control, alexithymia, emotion-diverting coping (self-distraction and venting), and avoidant coping (denial and behavioral disengagement) were predictors for subclinical stable depressive symptoms. Constructive coping (positive reframing, acceptance, and humor) protected the cohort parents from increasing or moderately high depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings have implications for identifying vulnerable individuals with specific traits and strengthening of constructive coping strategies as possible foci in interventions for depression during global crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 8-10, Turku, Finland.
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Max Karukivi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 8-10, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 8-10, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Johnson D, Browne DT, Prime H, Heron J, Wade M. Parental mental health trajectories over the COVID-19 pandemic and links with childhood adversity and pandemic stress. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106554. [PMID: 37993365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant disruptions, with parents of school-age children being identified as a vulnerable population. Limited research has longitudinally tracked the mental health trajectories of parents over the active pandemic period. In addition, parents' history of adverse (ACEs) and benevolent (BCEs) childhood experiences may compound or attenuate the effect of COVID-19 stressors on parental psychopathology. OBJECTIVE To identify distinct longitudinal trajectories of parental mental health over the COVID-19 pandemic and how these trajectories are associated with parental ACEs, BCEs, and COVID-19 stress. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 547 parents of 5-18-year-old children from the U.K., U.S., Canada, and Australia. METHODS Growth mixture modelling was used to identify trajectories of parental mental health (distress, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and substance use) from May 2020 to October 2021. COVID-19 stress, ACEs, and BCEs were assessed as predictors of mental health trajectories via multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Two-class trajectories of "Low Stable" and "Moderate Stable" symptoms were identified for psychological distress and anxiety. Three-class trajectories of "Low Stable", "High Stable", and "High Decreasing" symptoms were observed for post-traumatic stress. Reliable trajectories for substance use could not be identified. Multinomial logistic regression showed that COVID-19 stress and ACEs independently predicted membership in trajectories of greater mental health impairment, while BCEs independently predicted membership in trajectories of lower psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Parents experienced mostly stable mental health symptomatology, with trajectories varying by overall symptom severity. COVID-19 stress, ACEs, and BCEs each appear to play a role in parents' mental health during this unique historical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Johnson
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Heron
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Li R, Kajanoja J, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nolvi S, Karukivi M. Longitudinal patterns of alcohol use and psychological symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and role of alexithymia: A latent transition analysis in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:440-448. [PMID: 37385387 PMCID: PMC10299841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been posing widespread influence on mental well-being. However, research on the dynamic relations between alcohol use and psychological symptoms in the context of the pandemic and the role of alexithymic traits in predicting the development of mental health problems longitudinally remains scarce. METHODS Latent profile and transition analyses were conducted to model the longitudinal patterns of transitions in the profiles of alcohol use and psychological symptoms across 10 months during the pandemic (from May 2020 to March 2021) and to investigate the role of alexithymia and its dimensions Difficulty Identifying and Describing Feelings (DIF and DDF), and Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) in 720 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. RESULTS Three profiles, Risky Drinking, Distressed Non-Risky Drinking, and Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking, and their transitions were identified. The role of alexithymia appeared to be stronger in Risky Drinking than Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking. DIF predicted the development of symptoms in Risky Drinking, whereas DDF predicted Risky Drinking remaining stable over time and showed a trend towards psychological distress in Risky Drinking and Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking. EOT was more likely to be a risk factor for Risky Drinking remaining constant and Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking becoming Risky Drinking. LIMITATIONS This study was mainly limited by the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add deeper insights into the longitudinal development of alcohol use and psychological symptoms as well as evidence on the role of alexithymia in shaping mental health, providing implications for tailoring clinical preventive and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Joshi D, Aschner A, Atkinson L, Halili-Sychangco D, Duku E, Puffer ES, Rieder A, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A. Predictors of harsh parenting practices and inter-partner conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional analysis from the Ontario Parent Survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066840. [PMID: 37640470 PMCID: PMC10462979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided by the bioecological model, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations of (1) individual level factors (sociodemographic, health behaviour and mental health), (2) family (micro) level COVID-19 experiences (difficulty with household management, managing child mood and behaviour, and pandemic-related positive experiences) and (3) community (macro) level factors (residential instability, ethnic concentration, material deprivation and dependency, an indicator of age and labour force) with harsh parenting practices and inter-partner conflict during the early lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Ontario Parent Survey. SETTING A convenience sample of 7451 caregivers living in Ontario, Canada, at the time of baseline data collection (May-June 2020). PARTICIPANTS Caregivers aged 18 years and older with children 17 years or younger. OUTCOME MEASURES Parenting practices over the past 2 months was assessed using a published modification of the Parenting Scale. The frequency of inter-partner conflict over the past month was assessed using the Marital Conflict scale. RESULTS Individual (sociodemographic factors, alcohol use, and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms) and family (difficulties with managing the household and child mood and behaviour) level factors were positively associated with inter-partner conflict and harsh parenting practices. Having fewer positive experiences (eg, performing activities with children), and economic adversity at the family level were positively associated with inter-partner conflict but inversely associated with harsh parenting. At the community level, residential instability was negatively associated with harsh parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS Individual and family level factors were associated with harsh parenting and inter-partner conflict. The associations of fewer positive experiences and economic hardship with harsh parenting practices may be more complex than initially thought. Efforts that raise awareness and address caregiver mental health concerns are needed as part of the pandemic response to promote positive inter-partner and parent-child interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Joshi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amir Aschner
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric Duku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amber Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Family Violence Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Courdi C, Ramazan Ali S, Pelletier-Dumas M, Stolle D, Dorfman A, Lina JM, Lacourse É, de la Sablonnière R. How level of understanding and type of used sources relate to adherence to COVID-19 public health measures in Canada. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13065. [PMID: 37567899 PMCID: PMC10421852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the importance of promoting health literacy and minimizing misinformation to encourage higher adherence to key public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores how one's self-reported understanding of information and types of sources used to get information regarding COVID-19 can hinder adherence to public health measures implemented by the Canadian government. Data was collected following a longitudinal design of 11 time points for April 2020 to April 2021. The sub-sample used for this study included 2659 Canadians who completed the survey for at least four time points. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis, we modelled typical trajectories of adherence to three key public health measures: staying home, social distancing and mask wearing. Overall, a lower level of understanding was associated with lower adherence trajectories to public health measures, and vice-versa. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed that the higher the level of understanding, the higher were the chances of following a high adherence trajectory. The type of used sources also showed a significant statistical association with adherence trajectories for social distancing and staying home (AOR: between 1.1 and 3.4). These results are discussed considering future policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dietlind Stolle
- Department of Political Science, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Dorfman
- Departement of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Departement of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Canada
| | - Éric Lacourse
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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Bemath N, Israel N, Hassem T. Mental health patterns of physiotherapists in South Africa during COVID-19. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2023; 79:1881. [PMID: 37575886 PMCID: PMC10416545 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v79i1.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While attention has been drawn to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers generally, little is known regarding mental health changes over time in frontline and non-frontline physiotherapists during this period. Objectives Our study aimed to investigate differences in mental health trends among frontline and non-frontline physiotherapists across three time periods during the pandemic. Method Survey-based data were collected from 366 practising physiotherapists across three time periods during the pandemic (Time 1: n = 171; Time 2: n = 101; Time 3: n = 94). Variations in reported mental health of frontline and non-frontline respondents generally and over time were analysed using comparative statistical techniques and trend analysis. Results Frontline physiotherapists reported significantly lower levels of general mental well-being and resilience, and significantly higher levels of burnout and maladaptive strategy use. Only frontline physiotherapists' general mental well-being and resilience decreased over time, whereas depression decreased over time for both groups. Anxiety decreased over time for non-frontline physiotherapists but initially decreased and then increased for frontline physiotherapists. Burnout increased initially and then decreased for non-frontline physiotherapists. Conclusion Varying mental health trends were found between frontline and non-frontline physiotherapists over time. Nuanced mental health interventions that consider the period of the pandemic and degree of exposure are needed. Clinical implications Understandings of the mental health trajectories experienced by physiotherapists across the pandemic can inform long-term, targeted interventions that effectively enhance well-being, retention, and sustainability of practitioners, and thus the care delivered, in the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeelah Bemath
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicky Israel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tasneem Hassem
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gizdic A, Baxter T, Barrantes-Vidal N, Park S. Social connectedness and resilience post COVID-19 pandemic: Buffering against trauma, stress, and psychosis. PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:100126. [PMID: 37168290 PMCID: PMC10156379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated psychosocial predictors of psychosis-risk, depression, anxiety, and stress in Croatia two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the existing transgenerational war trauma and associated psychiatric consequences in Croatian population, a significant pandemic-related deterioration of mental health was expected. Recent studies suggest that after an initial increase in psychiatric disorders during the pandemic in Croatia, depression, stress, and anxiety rapidly declined. These findings highlight the role of social connectedness and resilience in the face of the global pandemic. We examined resilience and psychiatric disorder risk in 377 Croatian adults using an anonymous online mental health survey. Results indicate that there was an exacerbation of all mental ill health variables, including depression, anxiety, stress, and a doubled risk for psychosis outcome post-COVID pandemic. Stress decreased levels of resilience, however, those exposed to previous traumatic experience and greater social connectedness had higher resilience levels. These findings suggest that individual differences in underlying stress sensitization of Croatian population due to past trauma may continue to influence mental health consequences two years after COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to promote the importance of social connectedness and resilience in preventing the development of variety of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gizdic
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Baxter
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pere Claver - Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Gouin JP, MacNeil S, de la Torre-Luque A, Chartrand E, Chadi N, Rouquette A, Boivin M, Côté S, Geoffroy MC. Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in a population-based cohort of young adults before and during the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2023; 114:368-377. [PMID: 37093498 PMCID: PMC10124701 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Findings from a birth cohort study indicated that the mental health of young adults had not worsened during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 2018. This study examined longitudinal changes in mental health between March 2018 and June 2021 in the context of protracted public health mitigation measures about 12 months after the onset of the pandemic. METHODS Participants from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (n = 2120 at inception; n = 1461 during the COVID-19 pandemic), a population-based cohort of individuals born in 1997/1998, reported on their depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as suicidal ideation prior to the pandemic in 2018 (age 20), and during the pandemic in the summer of 2020 (age 22) and spring of 2021 (age 23). RESULTS Depressive (Cohen's d = 0.15 [95% CI: 0.09 to 0.20]) and anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.27 to 0.39]) symptoms increased between 2018 and 2021 for both males and females, but suicidal ideation did not change. There was also a significant increase in moderate to severe depressive (31.7% to 36.3%) and anxiety (14.7% to 24.8%) symptoms from 2018 to 2021. Youth who were students, those who were experiencing financial stress, food insecurity, and loneliness, and those without pre-existing poor mental health experienced the largest increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms over time. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the mental health burden experienced by young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for preventive services and continued longitudinal follow-ups of these youths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasha MacNeil
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERSAM ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elise Chartrand
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas Chadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UVSQ, CESP, Paris, France
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Bayes-Marin I, Cabello-Toscano M, Cattaneo G, Solana-Sánchez J, Fernández D, Portellano-Ortiz C, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. COVID-19 after two years: trajectories of different components of mental health in the Spanish population. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e19. [PMID: 37066626 PMCID: PMC10130737 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our study aimed to (1) identify trajectories on different mental health components during a two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic and contextualise them according to pandemic periods; (2) investigate the associations between mental health trajectories and several exposures, and determine whether there were differences among the different mental health outcomes regarding these associations. METHODS We included 5535 healthy individuals, aged 40-65 years old, from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI). Growth mixture models (GMM) were fitted to classify individuals into different trajectories for three mental health-related outcomes (psychological distress, personal growth and loneliness). Moreover, we fitted a multinomial regression model for each outcome considering class membership as the independent variable to assess the association with the predictors. RESULTS For the outcomes studied we identified three latent trajectories, differentiating two major trends, a large proportion of participants was classified into 'resilient' trajectories, and a smaller proportion into 'chronic-worsening' trajectories. For the former, we observed a lower susceptibility to the changes, whereas, for the latter, we noticed greater heterogeneity and susceptibility to different periods of the pandemic. From the multinomial regression models, we found global and cognitive health, and coping strategies as common protective factors among the studied mental health components. Nevertheless, some differences were found regarding the risk factors. Living alone was only significant for those classified into 'chronic' trajectories of loneliness, but not for the other outcomes. Similarly, secondary or higher education was only a risk factor for the 'worsening' trajectory of personal growth. Finally, smoking and sleeping problems were risk factors which were associated with the 'chronic' trajectory of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our results support heterogeneity in reactions to the pandemic and the need to study different mental health-related components over a longer follow-up period, as each one evolves differently depending on the pandemic period. In addition, the understanding of modifiable protective and risk factors associated with these trajectories would allow the characterisation of these segments of the population to create targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Bayes-Marin
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Cabello-Toscano
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - J. Solana-Sánchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - D. Fernández
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Serra-Húnter fellow. Department of Statistics and Operations Research (DEIO), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ⋅ BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Mathematics of UPC – BarcelonaTech (IMTech), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Portellano-Ortiz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - A. Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D. Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Meaklim H, Saunders WJ, Byrne ML, Junge MF, Varma P, Finck WA, Jackson ML. Insomnia is a key risk factor for persistent anxiety and depressive symptoms: A 12-month longitudinal cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2023; 322:52-62. [PMID: 36372131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a risk factor for affective disorders. This study examined whether individuals with insomnia symptoms early in the pandemic, either pre-existing or new-onset, were more vulnerable to anxiety and depressive symptoms over time than those who maintained normal sleep. Additionally, sleep-related factors such as pre-sleep arousal were assessed for their influence on clinically significant anxiety and depression risk. METHODS Using a global online survey with 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups between April 2020 and May 2021, data from 2069 participants (M = 46.16 ± 13.42 years; 75.3 % female) with pre-existing, new-onset, or no insomnia symptoms was examined using mixed-effects and logistic regression models. RESULTS New-onset and pre-existing insomnia predicted persistent anxiety and depressive symptoms longitudinally (p's < 0.001), over other known risk factors, including age, sex, and previous psychiatric diagnoses. Anxiety and depressive symptoms in both insomnia groups remained above clinically significant thresholds at most time points, whereas normal sleepers remained subclinical. Pre-sleep arousal was found to increase the risk of clinically significant anxiety (OR = 1.05) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.09) at 12-months. Sleep effort contributed to anxiety (OR = 1.06), whereas dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs and attitudes predicted clinically significant depression (OR = 1.22). LIMITATIONS Insomnia group categorization was based on self-report at baseline supported by a validated measure. High participant attrition was observed at 3-months (53 %; n = 971), but retention remained steady till 12-months (63 %, n = 779). CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is a modifiable risk factor for persistent anxiety and depressive symptoms that needs to be addressed in mental healthcare. Additionally, pre-sleep arousal may be an important transdiagnostic process linking insomnia with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Meaklim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - William J Saunders
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Byrne
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; The Sleep Health Foundation, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Moira F Junge
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prerna Varma
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy A Finck
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Klokgieters SS, Penninx BWJH, Rius Ottenheim N, Giltay EJ, Rhebergen D, Kok AAL. Heterogeneity in depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from three Dutch psychiatric case-control cohorts from April 2020 to February 2022. J Psychosom Res 2023; 165:111138. [PMID: 36652808 PMCID: PMC9792181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While research found heterogeneous changes in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the long-term changes in mental health in psychiatric groups. Therefore, we applied a data-driven method to detect sub-groups with distinct trajectories across two years into the pandemic in psychiatric groups, and described their differences in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD We conducted sixteen rounds of questionnaires between April 2020 and February 2022 among participants (n = 1722) of three psychiatric case-control cohorts that started in the 2000's. We used Growth Mixture Modelling and (multinomial) logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with trajectory membership. RESULTS We found low decreasing (1228 [72%] participants), intermediate (n = 348 [22%] participants) and high stable (106 [6%] participants) trajectories of depressive symptoms; decreasing low/intermediate (1507 [90%] participants) and high stable (161 [10%] participants) trajectories of anxiety symptoms; and stable low (1109 [61%] participants), stable high (315 [17%] participants), temporary lowered (123 [9%]) and temporary heightened (175 [13%] participants) trajectories of loneliness. Chronicity and severity of pre-pandemic mental disorders predicted unfavourable sub-group membership for all outcomes. Being female, having a low education and income level were associated with unfavourable trajectories of depression, being younger with unfavourable trajectories of anxiety and being female and living alone with unfavourable trajectories of loneliness. CONCLUSION We found relatively stable trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms over two years, suggesting low heterogeneity in outcomes during the pandemic. For loneliness, we found two specific sub-groups with temporary increase and decrease in loneliness during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Klokgieters
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mental Health Institute GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Almar A L Kok
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Moulin F, Jean F, Melchior M, Patanè M, Pinucci I, Sijbrandij M, van der Waerden J, Galéra C. Longitudinal impact of the COVID19 pandemic on mental health in a general population sample in France: Evidence from the COMET Study. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:275-283. [PMID: 36191642 PMCID: PMC9525187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the longitudinal impact of co-occurring mental health problems, and to identify vulnerable groups in need of mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Analyses were based on data from 681 French participants in the international COVID-19 Mental Health Study, collected at four times (05/2020-04/2021). Symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the PTSD Check List for DSM-5. We performed k-means for longitudinal data to build trajectories of adults' depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms and identify subgroups psychologically vulnerable. We then assessed whether mental health trajectories were predicted by lockdown regulations. RESULTS A high and a low cluster of mental health scores were identified. In both groups, mental health scores varied significantly across time. Levels of all mental health scores were lowest when COVID-19-related restrictions were lifted and highest when restrictions were in place, except for PTSD. No scores returned to the previous level or the initial level of mental health (p < 0.05). Participants with high levels of symptoms were characterized by younger age (OR: 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.97-0.99), prior history of mental disorders (OR: 3.46, 95 % CI: 2.07-5.82), experience of domestic violence (OR: 10.54, 95 % CI: 1.54-20.68) and medical issues (OR: 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.14-4.03). LIMITATIONS Pre-pandemic data were not available and the sample was recruited mainly by snowball sampling. CONCLUSION This study revealed subtle differences in the evolution of symptom trajectories during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and highlighted several characteristics associated with the two clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Moulin
- University of Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - François Jean
- University of Bordeaux, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Calais Hospital, Calais, France; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Martina Patanè
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Pinucci
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France.
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16
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Schäfer SK, Kunzler AM, Kalisch R, Tüscher O, Lieb K. Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:1171-1189. [PMID: 36302711 PMCID: PMC9595401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a major societal disruption, raising the question of how people can maintain or quickly regain their mental health (i.e., be resilient) during such times. Researchers have used the pandemic as a use case for studying resilience in response to a global, synchronously starting, and chronic set of stressors on the individual and societal level. Our review of this recent literature reveals that mental distress trajectories during the pandemic largely resemble mental distress responses to individual-level macro-stressors, except for a lower prevalence of recovery trajectories. Results suggest more resilient responses in older adults, but trajectories are less consistent for younger and older ages compared with middle-aged adults. We call for more research integrating state-of-the-art operationalizations of resilience and using these to study resilience over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Angela M Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), D-55122 Mainz, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), D-55122 Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), D-55122 Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Makarowski R, Predoiu R, Piotrowski A, Görner K, Predoiu A, Oliveira R, Pelin RA, Moanță AD, Boe O, Rawat S, Ahuja G. Coping Strategies and Perceiving Stress among Athletes during Different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Data from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1770. [PMID: 36141381 PMCID: PMC9498477 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown periods. The pandemic restrictions have severely limited professional athletes’ ability to train and participate in competitions. For many who rely on sports as their main source of income, this represents a source of intense stress. To assess the dynamics of perceived stress as well as coping strategies during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, we carried out a longitudinal study using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire and the Brief COPE on a sample of 2020 professional athletes in Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The results revealed that in all three countries, the highest intrapsychic stress levels were reported during the fourth wave (all, p < 0.01) and the highest external stress levels were reported before the pandemic (p < 0.05). To analyze the data, analyses of variance were carried out using Tukey’s post hoc test and η2 for effect size. Further, emotional tension was the highest among Polish and Slovak athletes in the fourth wave, while the highest among Romanian athletes was in the pre-pandemic period. The coping strategies used by the athletes in the fourth wave were more dysfunctional than during the first wave (independent t test and Cohen’s d were used). The dynamics of the coping strategies—emotion focused and problem focused—were also discussed among Polish, Romanian, and Slovak athletes. Coaches and sports psychologists can modify the athletes’ perceived stress while simultaneously promoting effective coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Makarowski
- Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences in Elbląg, 82-300 Elblag, Poland
| | - Radu Predoiu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrzej Piotrowski
- Department of Personality Psychology and Forensic Psychology, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Görner
- Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, 08001 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Predoiu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Raluca Anca Pelin
- Department of Physical Education and Sports-Kinetotherapy, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Daniela Moanță
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ole Boe
- Department of Business, Strategy and Political Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3045 Drammen, Norway
- Institute of Psychology, Oslo New University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gayatri Ahuja
- Department of Education, Ali Yavar Jung National Institute of Speech and Hearing Disabilities, Mumbai 400050, India
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18
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Post-weaning social isolation causes sex-specific alterations to dendritic spine density in subregions of the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of adult mice. Brain Res 2022; 1777:147755. [PMID: 34932973 PMCID: PMC8802216 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-weaning social isolation stress has been shown to increase addiction-like behavior in adulthood. These long-term behavioral alterations may be due to long lasting isolation-induced structural changes to neurons in brain regions involved in reward processing. Previous studies have shown that various stressors alter dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the nucleus accumbens, though many of these studies examine the short-term effects of stress, and are primarily conducted in males. There is mounting evidence that males and females exhibit differences in their stress responses, with some studies showing sex differences in stress-induced plasticity. To determine the long-lasting, sex-specific alterations in spine density following post-weaning social isolation, male and female mice were either isolated or group housed at weaning and spine density was measured once they reached adulthood. Post-weaning isolation increased spine density in the PFC of both the males and females, although the effects in the infralimbic cortex were more pronounced in the females. In the nucleus accumbens, adolescent isolation increased spine density in males only in the core and shell. Females also had higher baseline spine density than males in the nucleus accumbens core. Together these data suggest that adolescent social isolation causes long-term, sex-specific alterations to the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens.
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Positive Organizational Practices, Life Satisfaction, and Psychological Capital in the Public and Private Sectors. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Public and private sector employees confronted stressful life circumstances that affected the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, new knowledge on possible psychological and organizational resources is needed. This study aimed to explore positive organizational practices, psychological capital, and life satisfaction of employees in the public and private sectors. The survey applied the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire—PCQ-24, validated in the Lithuanian population (the Lith-PCQ-21), and the Positive Organizational Practices Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 582 employees, including 443 public sector and 139 private sector employees. The respondents’ mean age was 42.0981 years (SD = 13.23083). The CFA results confirmed the six-factor structure of positive organizational practices, χ2 = 270,884.785; Df = 406; CFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.996; NFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.074 [0.070–0.078]; SRMR = 0.043, the four-factor structure of psychological capital, χ2 = 32,780.109; Df = 190; CFI = 0.983; TLI = 0.980; NFI = 0.978; RMSEA = 0.082 [0.076–0.088]; SRMR = 0.067, and one factor structure of life satisfaction, χ2 = 10,588.246; Df = 10; CFI = 0.999; TLI = 0.999; NFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.022 [0.000–0.066]; SRMR = 0.014. The findings revealed that private sector employees demonstrated higher scores of dignity, support, care, forgiveness, and overall positive organizational practices than public sector employees. Private sector employees demonstrated higher optimism scores than public sector employees, and public sector employees demonstrated higher self-efficacy scores than private sector employees. Male employees demonstrated significantly higher scores on dignity, meaning, and forgiveness than females. Significant positive correlations were found between age and resilience, care and age, care and number of working years, care and number of working years in the current organization. Psychological capital mediated the link between positive organizational practices and life satisfaction. Positive organizational practices were linked to life satisfaction and psychological capital in both employees’ groups, but the features of links were distinctive in the public and private sectors. These results signify the importance of positive organizational practices and psychological capital for the life satisfaction of employees.
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