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Wijekoon L, Wickramasinghe N, Rathnasekara T, Somathilake T, Sarathchandra C, Senanayake H, Weerawansa P, Ganegama R, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ma R, Zhang Y, Xie D, Li Z, Liu X, Qin S, Siribaddana S. A real-world study of BBIBP-CorV vaccine effectiveness in a Sri Lanka rural province. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37662. [PMID: 39323840 PMCID: PMC11422056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Real-world studies assessing the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine in low and middle-income countries are limited. We evaluated the BBIBP-CorV vaccine's effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 symptomatic disease, hospitalisation, severe disease, and mortality during the third wave of the pandemic in Sri Lanka. Methods We conducted a test-negative case-control study in North Central Province from May 2021 to February 2022. Evidence of vaccination was obtained from the national registry. The PCR-positive patients were cases, while negative individuals were controls. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) was computed for fully, partially, and non-vaccinated groups in reducing symptomatic disease, hospitalisation, severe disease, and mortality. Results Our study involved 3305 cases and 3418 controls. The overall aVE for preventing PCR-positive infection in fully vaccinated was 30·8 % (95 % CI:17·9-41·6). In fully vaccinated over 60 years, the overall aVE was 72·3 % (95 % CI: 49·7-84·8). Full vaccination with BBIBP-CorV is effective in reducing hospitalisation, severe COVID-19 disease, and death, with aVE rates of 70·3 % (95 % CI: 57·9-79·0), 88·9 % (95 % CI: 81·8-93·2), and 92·3 % (95 % CI: 84·8-96·1) respectively. Conclusion Individuals who have received two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine are protected against hospitalisation, severe COVID-19 disease, and death. Duration of protection against hospitalisation, severe COVID-19, and fatal COVID-19 sustained at least 121 days, with no sign of waning during that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanka Wijekoon
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuwan Wickramasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilina Rathnasekara
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Thejana Somathilake
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Hemal Senanayake
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasanna Weerawansa
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjan Ganegama
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Yunkai Yang
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Rui Ma
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Deying Xie
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Shouyi Qin
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
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Hemati Z, Ameli S, Nikkhoo B, Shahgheibi S, Seyedoshohadaei F, Soufizadeh N, Rahmani K. Comparing the immunogenicity of COVID-19 infection and vaccination in pregnant women as measured by anti-S IgG. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:935. [PMID: 39251937 PMCID: PMC11386373 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a critical time for women, making them more susceptible to infectious diseases like COVID-19. This study aims to determine the immunogenicity of COVID-19 in pregnant women who have been infected compared to those who have received the inactive COVID-19 vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, pregnant women who received the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Sinopharm) and those with a history of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy were studied. Participants who had experienced stillbirth, received different COVID-19 vaccines, or had intrauterine fetal death were excluded from the study. Overall, the study included 140 participants. The participants were divided into two groups of 70 participants - pregnant women who received the Sinopharm vaccine and pregnant women who had COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Before delivery, blood samples were collected from all mothers to evaluate the maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) level. Blood samples were also taken from the baby's umbilical cord during delivery to measure the newborn's IgG level. Additionally, blood samples were collected from babies whose mothers showed signs of acute infection to measure their IgM levels and evaluate vertical transmission. FINDINGS The study found a significant relationship between the mean level of maternal IgG and umbilical cord IgG within the groups (P < 0.001). The highest levels of maternal IgG (2.50 ± 2.17) and umbilical cord IgG (2.43 ± 2.09) were observed in pregnant women with a previous COVID-19 infection and no history of vaccination (P < 0.001). Only one baby was born with a positive IgM, and this baby was born to a mother who showed signs of COVID-19 infection in the last five days of pregnancy. The mother was 28 years old, with a BMI of 33; it was her first pregnancy, and she gave birth to a male newborn at term. CONCLUSION Administering an inactivated vaccine during pregnancy can generate immunity in both the mother and the child. However, the vaccine's immunity level may not be as potent as that conferred by COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Nonetheless, the risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 is considered minimal and can be classified as negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hemati
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeideh Ameli
- Resident of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Professor in Pathology, Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health 4. Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sholeh Shahgheibi
- Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fariba Seyedoshohadaei
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nasrin Soufizadeh
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Associate Professor in Epidemiology, Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Khalid K, Lim HX, Hwang JS, Poh CL. The Development of Epitope-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. AAPS J 2024; 26:93. [PMID: 39138686 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause infections and deaths, which are attributable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC). Moderna's response to the declining protective efficacies of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron was to develop a bivalent booster vaccine based on the Spike (S) protein from the Wuhan and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 strains. This approach, while commendable, is unfeasible in light of rapidly emerging mutated viral strains. PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for peer-reviewed papers up to January 2024. Articles included focused on specific themes such as the clinical history of recombinant protein vaccine development against different diseases, including COVID-19, the production of recombinant protein vaccines using different host expression systems, aspects to consider in recombinant protein vaccine development, and overcoming problems associated with large-scale recombinant protein vaccine production. In silico approaches to identify conserved and immunogenic epitopes could provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs but require validation in animal models. The recombinant protein vaccine development platform has shown a successful history in clinical development. Recombinant protein vaccines incorporating conserved epitopes may utilize a number of expression systems, such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), baculovirus-insect cells (Sf9 cells), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Current multi-epitope subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing synthetic peptides are unfeasible for large-scale immunizations. Recombinant protein vaccines based on conserved and immunogenic proteins produced using E. coli offer high production yields, convenient purification, and cost-effective production of large-scale vaccine quantities capable of protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain and its VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- ALPS Global Holding Berhad, 1 Jalan 1/68F, Off Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 50400, Malaysia.
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Raji T, Fallah MP, Dereje N, Kakooza F, Ndembi N, Abdulaziz M, Aragaw M, Kaseya J, Ngongo AN. Efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306309. [PMID: 38941303 PMCID: PMC11213354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness to support regional vaccine policy and practice are limited in Africa. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines administered in Africa. METHODS We systematically searched peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies that reported on VE in Africa. We carried out a risk of bias assessment, and the findings of this review were synthesized and presented in a narrative form, including tables and figures. The synthesis was focused on COVID-19 VE against various levels of the disease condition and outcomes (infection, hospitalization or critical, and death), time points, and variants of concern. RESULTS A total of 13 studies, with a total sample size of 913,285 participants, were included in this review. The majority (8/13) of studies were from South Africa and 38.5% (5/13) were randomized clinical trials. The studies reported that a full dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had a VE of 100% against COVID-19 infection by Beta (B.1.351) and Delta variants and 96.7% against hospitalization by Delta variant. The Johnson and Johnson vaccine had VE ranging from 38.1%-62.0% against hospitalization and 51.9%- 86% against critical disease by Beta (B 1.351) variant. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine had a VE of 89.4% against hospitalization by the Omicron variant but was not effective against the B.1.351 variant (10.4%). The Sinopharm vaccine had a VE of 67% against infection and 46% against hospitalization by Delta variant. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccines administered in Africa were effective in preventing infections, hospitalization, and death. These review findings underscore the need for concerted efforts of all stakeholders to enhance the access and availability of COVID-19 vaccines and reinforce public awareness to reach the high-risk, unvaccinated group of the African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudeen Raji
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mosoka Papa Fallah
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Dereje
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Francis Kakooza
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nicaise Ndembi
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdulaziz
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Merawi Aragaw
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jean Kaseya
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alain Ngashi Ngongo
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Zhou H, Zheng H, Peng Y, Su Y, Yu X, Wang W, Li S, Ding Y, Jiao S, Wang Y, Zhu X, Luo L, Dong Z, Liu L, Zhang F, Wu Q, Li J, Zhu F. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (Omicron BA.5) LVRNA012: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1407826. [PMID: 38903523 PMCID: PMC11187303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (Omicron BA.5) LVRNA012 given as the booster in immunized but SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults in China. Methods This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial enrolling healthy adult participants (≥18 years) who had completed two or three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines at least 6 months before, in Bengbu, Anhui province, China. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a booster intramuscular vaccination with an LVRNA012 vaccine (100ug) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the protective efficacy of a booster dose of the LVRNA012 vaccine or placebo against symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity 14 days after vaccination. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections were identified from 14 days to 180 days after intervention, with active surveillance for symptomatic illness 8 times per month between 7 to 90 days and at least once per month between 90 to 180 days after intervention. Results 2615 participants were recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the vaccine group (1308) or the placebo group (1307). A total of 141 individuals (46 in the LVRNA012 group and 95 in the placebo group) developed symptomatic COVID-19 infection 14 days after the booster immunization, showing a vaccine efficacy of 51.9% (95% CI, 31.3% to 66.4%). Most infections were detected 90 days after intervention during a period when XBB was prevalent in the community. Adverse reactions were reported by 64% of participants after the LVRNA012 vaccination, but most of them were mild or moderate. The booster vaccination with the LVRNA012 mRNA vaccine could significantly enhance neutralizing antibody titers against the Omicron variant XBB.1.5 (GMT 132.3 [99.8, 175.4]) than did those in the placebo group (GMT 12.5 [8.4, 18.7]) at day 14 for the previously immunized individuals. Conclusion The LVRNA012 mRNA vaccine is immunogenic, and shows robust efficacy in preventing COVID-19 during the omicron-predominate period. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05745545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- School of Clinical Trial Technology, Anqing Medical College, Anqing, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research and Clinical Evaluation Jointly Constructed by Anhui, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Yue Su
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- AIM Vaccine Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Simin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzhou Ding
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research and Clinical Evaluation Jointly Constructed by Anhui, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shiping Jiao
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research and Clinical Evaluation Jointly Constructed by Anhui, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research and Clinical Evaluation Jointly Constructed by Anhui, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | | | | | - Lu Liu
- AIM Vaccine Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- AIM Vaccine Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research and Clinical Evaluation Jointly Constructed by Anhui, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Musa S, Merdrignac L, Skocibusic S, Nedic R, Cilovic-Lagarija S, Kissling E. BBIBP-CorV vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 in patients aged 60 years and older during the Delta-dominant period in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a test-negative case-control study. Vaccine 2024; 42:3467-3473. [PMID: 38644077 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) accelerated in the second half of 2021, with greater vaccine availability. In this study, we estimated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of complete primary series BBIBP-CorV vaccine against COVID-19 in patients aged 60 years and older, during the Delta-dominant period, using a test-negative case-control design. Surveillance sites were 11 primary health care centers (PHC) collecting patient data from October 1, 2021, to January 4, 2022, retrospectively according to a common protocol. In total, we included 1711 participants in the analysis: 933 cases and 778 controls. Of the 933 cases, 508 (54.4 %) had mild and 425 (45.6 %) had moderate to severe disease presentation. We observed no effectiveness against mild COVID-19. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 65.0 % (95 %CI: 40.1-79.5) against moderate to severe COVID-19. In time since vaccination analysis, VE was 78.7 % (95 % CI: 54.8-89.9) in patients who received their last dose < 90 days before onset; 66.0 % (95 % CI: -0.5-88.5) in those 90-119 days before onset; 42.1 % (95 % CI: -88.6-82.3) in those 120-149 days before onset and 45.0 % (95 % CI: -94.0-84.4) in those ≥ 150 days before onset. In our study, two doses of BBIBP-CorV provided considerable protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 in older adults, highest within 3 months after second dose, during the Delta-dominant period. Point estimates declined thereafter, suggesting a need for additional doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Musa
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Sinisa Skocibusic
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rozalija Nedic
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Seila Cilovic-Lagarija
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Theresa Pool SN, Shroff EH, Chetty A, Lewis L, Nonhlanhla YZ, Abdool Karim SS. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBIBP-CorV vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalisation and death in the Seychelles infected adult population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299747. [PMID: 38578809 PMCID: PMC10997067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Seychelles COVID-19 vaccination campaign was initiated using two different vaccines during the first wave of the pandemic in 2021. This observational study estimated vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes (hospitalisation and/or death) from individuals infected with COVID-19 in the Seychelles adult population during Beta and Delta variant transmission. METHODS This nationwide retrospective cohort study included all Seychellois residents aged ≥ 18 years who tested positive by RT-PCR or rapid antigen test for COVID-19 between January 25, 2021, and June 30, 2021. We measured the relative risk (RR) of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation and/or death among individuals partially or fully vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (SII Covishield) or BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccines compared to unvaccinated individuals using modified Poisson regression. Controlling for age, gender and calendar month, vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 1-RR ≥14 days after the first dose and ≥7 days after the second dose for each available vaccine versus an unvaccinated control group. RESULTS A total of 12,326 COVID-19 infections were reported in adult Seychellois residents between January 25, 2021, and June 30, 2021. Of these, 1,287 individuals received one dose of either BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) or ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 (SII Covishield) vaccine, and 5,225 individuals received two doses. Estimated adjusted effectiveness of two doses of either Sinopharm or SII Covishield was high, at 70% (95% CI 58%-78%) and 71% (95% CI 62%-78%) respectively. Sinopharm maintained high levels of protection against severe outcomes in partially vaccinated individuals at 61% (95% CI 36%-76%), while the effectiveness of one dose of SII Covishield was low at 29% (95% CI 1%-49%). CONCLUSIONS This observational study demonstrated high levels of protection of two doses of two vaccine types against severe outcomes of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic driven by Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variant predominance. One dose of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 (Covishield SII) was found to be inadequate in protecting the general adult population against hospitalisation and/or death from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnes Chetty
- Ministry of Health, Mont Fleuri, Mahe Seychelles
| | - Lara Lewis
- Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yende-Zuma Nonhlanhla
- Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ezzikouri S, Tajudeen R, Majidi H, Redwane S, Aqillouch S, Abdulaziz M, Aragaw M, Papa Fallah M, Sembuche S, Batcho S, Kabwe P, Gonese E, Laazaazia O, Elmessaoudi-Idrissi M, Meziane N, Ainahi A, Sarih M, Ogwell Ouma AE, Maaroufi A. Seroepidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness and associated factors in the vaccinated community of the Casablanca-Settat Region, Morocco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7817. [PMID: 38570577 PMCID: PMC10991243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity through population-based serological surveys is crucial for monitoring COVID-19 vaccination efforts. In this study, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity within a provincial cohort to understand the magnitude of the humoral response against the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and to inform evidence-based public health decisions. A community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted, involving 10,669 participants who received various vaccines (two doses for BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm, Covishield vaccine, and Pfizer/BioNTech, and one dose for Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 vaccine). The study spanned 16 provinces in the Casablanca-Settat region from February to June 2022, during which comprehensive demographic and comorbidity data were collected. We screened samples for the presence of IgG antibodies using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay, which quantifies antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein, measured on the Abbott Architect i2000SR. The overall crude seroprevalence was 96% (95% CI: 95.6-96.3%), and after adjustment for assay performance, it was estimated as 96.2% (95% CI: 95.7-96.6). The adjusted overall seroprevalences according to vaccine brands showed no significant difference (96% for BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm, 97% for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/Oxford/AstraZeneca, 98.5% for BNT162b2/Pfizer-BioNTech, and 98% for Janssen) (p = 0.099). Participants of older age, female sex, those with a history of previous COVID-19 infection, and those with certain chronic diseases were more likely to be seropositive among ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/Oxford/AstraZeneca and BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm vaccinee groups. Median RBD antibody concentrations were 2355 AU/mL, 3714 AU/mL, 5838 AU/mL, and 2495 AU/mL, respectively, after two doses of BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/Oxford/AstraZeneca, BNT162b2/Pfizer-BioNTech, and after one dose of Janssen (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we observed that participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/Oxford/AstraZeneca and BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm with comorbid chronic diseases exhibited a more pronounced response to vaccination compared to those without comorbidities. In contrast, no significant differences were observed among Pfizer-vaccinated participants (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our serosurvey findings indicate that all four investigated vaccines provide a robust humoral immune response in the majority of participants (more than 96% of participants had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2). The BNT162b2 vaccine was found to be effective in eliciting a strong humoral response compared to the other three vaccines. However, challenges still remain in examining the dynamics and durability of immunoprotection in the Moroccan context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Raji Tajudeen
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hind Majidi
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soad Redwane
- Direction Régionale de la santé Casablanca-Settat, Observatoire régional de santé, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Safaa Aqillouch
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Abdulaziz
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Merawi Aragaw
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mosoka Papa Fallah
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Senga Sembuche
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Serge Batcho
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Patrick Kabwe
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elizabeth Gonese
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Oumaima Laazaazia
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohcine Elmessaoudi-Idrissi
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Meziane
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Ainahi
- Hormonology and Tumor Markers Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ahmed E Ogwell Ouma
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
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Khalid K, Lim HX, Anwar A, Tan SH, Hwang JS, Ong SK, Poh CL. Preclinical Development of a Novel Epitope-based DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 and Evaluation of Immunogenicity in BALB/c Mice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:60. [PMID: 38472523 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacies of current licensed vaccines against COVID-19 have significantly reduced as a result of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) which carried multiple mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Considering that these vaccines were developed based on the S protein of the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, we designed a recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine based on highly conserved and immunogenic B and T cell epitopes against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Omicron VOC. Literature mining and bioinformatics were used to identify 6 immunogenic peptides from conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 S and membrane (M) proteins. Nucleotide sequences encoding these peptides representing highly conserved B and T cell epitopes were cloned into a pVAX1 vector to form the pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP recombinant DNA plasmid vaccine. The DNA vaccine was intranasally or intramuscularly administered to BALB/c mice and evaluations of humoral and cellular immune responses were performed. The intramuscular administration of pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP was associated with a significantly higher percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ when compared with the empty vector and PBS controls. Intramuscular or intranasal administrations of pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP resulted in robust IgG antibody responses. Sera from mice intramuscularly immunized with pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP were found to elicit neutralizing antibodies capable of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with the ACE2 cell surface receptor. This study demonstrated that the DNA vaccine construct encoding highly conserved immunogenic B and T cell epitopes was capable of eliciting potent humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Ngaosuwan K, Soonklang K, Warakul C, Auewarakul C, Mahanonda N. Protection of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with comorbidities: a prospective cohort study. Front Med 2023; 17:867-877. [PMID: 37434065 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of inactivated vaccines is not well characterized in people with comorbidities, who are at high risk of severe infection. We compared the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after complete vaccination with Sinopharm/BBIBP in people with comorbidities (e.g., autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and diabetes) with healthy individuals using a Cox-proportional hazard model. In July-September 2021, a total of 10 548 people (comorbidities, 2143; healthy, 8405) receiving the complete primary series of vaccination with Sinopharm/BBIBP in Bangkok, Thailand were prospectively followed for SARS-CoV-2 infection through text messaging and telephone interviewing for 6 months. A total of 295 infections from 284 participants were found. HRs (95% CI) of individuals with any comorbidities did not increase (unadjusted, 1.02 (0.77-1.36), P = 0.89; adjusted, 1.04 (0.78-1.38), P = 0.81). HRs significantly increased in the subgroup of autoimmune diseases (unadjusted, 2.64 (1.09-6.38), P = 0.032; adjusted, 4.45 (1.83-10.83), P = 0.001) but not in cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, or diabetes. The protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection of the Sinopharm vaccine was similar in participants with any comorbidities vs. healthy individuals. However, the protection appeared lower in the subgroup of autoimmune diseases, which may reflect suboptimal immune responses among these people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Ngaosuwan
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Data Management Unit, Centre of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Chawin Warakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Nithi Mahanonda
- Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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11
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Zhang X, Xia J, Jin L, Wu Y, Zheng X, Cao X, Meng X, Li J, Zhu F. Effectiveness of homologous or heterologous immunization regimens against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2221146. [PMID: 37344370 PMCID: PMC10288895 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2221146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness or efficacy of heterologous or homologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens against COVID-19-related outcomes after primary immunization with two doses of CoronaVac or Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 31 October 2022. The primary measure was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection with homologous or heterologous booster. The results showed heterologous and homologous booster significantly improved effectiveness against COVID-19 infection compared to primary immunization. The effectiveness against COVID-19 infection was 89.19% (95%CI 78.49, 99.89) for heterologous mRNA vaccine booster, 87.00% (95%CI 82.14, 91.85) for non-replicating vector vaccine booster, 69.99% (95%CI 52.16, 87.82) for homologous booster, and 51.48% (95%CI 41.75, 61.21) for two doses of inactivated vaccine. Homologous and heterologous regimens were also effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and more evidence is still needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Xia
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyu Zheng
- Research & Development Center, CanSino Biologics Inc, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cao
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Meng
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Soltani H, Taghizade S, Sadeghi A, Farahat A, Owlia MB. Pernicious Anemia Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2023; 17:220-223. [PMID: 37817969 PMCID: PMC10560650 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i3.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019 and the global epidemic of COVID-19 different countries have focused on vaccines, and one of the inactivated produced vaccines was the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. Some side effects of this vaccine were reported previously, including pain at the vaccination site, fatigue, lethargy, headache, and tenderness, which were more prevalent among individuals <49 years old. Herein, we reported two patients aged 45 and 51 years old. Both patients have different signs and symptoms after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. None had a history of chronic disease. On examination and following labs and other diagnostic investigations, we found megaloblastic anemia due to atrophic gastritis and low intrinsic factor. These cases showed an autoimmune side effect of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine that was previously reported with an exact mechanism but other features called Covid Arm, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and thrombocytopenia. The mechanism of this reaction is unclear yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Soltani
- Deparement of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeb Taghizade
- Department of Biology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Sadeghi
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Farahat
- Department of Hematology and Oncology٫ Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences٫Yazd٫ Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Owlia
- Deparement of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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13
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Miteva D, Kitanova M, Batselova H, Lazova S, Chervenkov L, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Sekulovski M, Gulinac M, Vasilev GV, Tomov L, Velikova T. The End or a New Era of Development of SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Genetic Variants Responsible for Severe COVID-19 and Clinical Efficacy of the Most Commonly Used Vaccines in Clinical Practice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1181. [PMID: 37514997 PMCID: PMC10385722 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the chief of the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global health emergency, the disease is still a global threat. To be able to manage such pandemics in the future, it is necessary to develop proper strategies and opportunities to protect human life. The data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus must be continuously analyzed, and the possibilities of mutation and the emergence of new, more infectious variants must be anticipated, as well as the options of using different preventive and therapeutic techniques. This is because the fast development of severe acute coronavirus 2 syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have posed a significant problem for COVID-19 pandemic control using the presently available vaccinations. This review summarizes data on the SARS-CoV-2 variants that are responsible for severe COVID-19 and the clinical efficacy of the most commonly used vaccines in clinical practice. The consequences after the disease (long COVID or post-COVID conditions) continue to be the subject of studies and research, and affect social and economic life worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrina Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Meglena Kitanova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristiana Batselova
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, University Hospital "Saint George", Medical University, 6000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Snezhina Lazova
- Pediatric Department, University Hospital "N. I. Pirogov," 21 "General Eduard I. Totleben" Blvd, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Public Health "Prof. Tsekomir Vodenicharov, MD, DSc", Medical University of Sofia, Bialo More 8 str., 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Chervenkov
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University Plovdiv, Bul. Vasil Aprilov 15A, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Gulinac
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bul. Vasil Aprilov 15A, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi V Vasilev
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, UMHAT "Sv. Georgi", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Luchesar Tomov
- Department of Informatics, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo 21 str., 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Souan L, Abdel-Razeq H, Al Zughbieh M, Al Badr S, Sughayer MA. Comparative Assessment of the Kinetics of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:1439. [PMID: 37515127 PMCID: PMC10383486 DOI: 10.3390/v15071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The kinetics of immune responses to various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients were investigated. METHODS In total, 57 cancer patients who received BNT162b2-RNA or BBIBP-CorV vaccines were enrolled. Cellular and humoral immunity were assessed at three-time points, before the first vaccine dose and 14-21 days after the first and second doses. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG response, and QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 kit assessed T-cell response. RESULTS Data showed that cancer patients' CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-median IFN-γ secretion of SARS-CoV-2 antigens increased after the first and second vaccine doses (p = 0.027 and p = 0.042). BNT162b2 vaccinees had significantly higher IFN-γ levels to CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes than BBIBP-CorV vaccinees (p = 0.028). There was a positive correlation between IgG antibody titer and T cell response regardless of vaccine type (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunization in cancer patients on active therapy after each vaccine dose. COVID-19 immunizations helped cancer patients develop an effective immune response. Understanding the cellular and humoral immune response to COVID-19 in cancer patients undergoing active treatment is necessary to improve vaccines and avoid future SARS pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Souan
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | | | - Muna Al Zughbieh
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Sara Al Badr
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
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15
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Nanda R, Gupta P, Giri AK, Patel S, Shah S, Mohapatra E. Serological Evaluation of Antibody Titers After Vaccination Against COVID-19 in 18-44-Year-Old Individuals at a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2023; 15:e40543. [PMID: 37465786 PMCID: PMC10350605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of the effectiveness of the vaccines (ChAdOx1-nCOV; Covishield and BBV-152; Covaxin) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is necessary to assess their efficacy. Because most antibodies that neutralize the coronavirus are directed against the receptor binding domain within the spike protein of the virus, these antibodies serve as markers for viral neutralizers and, in turn, for vaccine response. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-neutralizing antibody (receptor binding domain (RBD)) and immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) titers following the completion of the vaccination schedule (both vaccines) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methodology In this longitudinal prospective study, conducted in a tertiary care center, 30 sequentially (two doses) vaccinated study participants between the ages of 18 and 44 years were sampled for estimation of anti-RBD antibody titer and IgG2. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results There was a statistically significant increase in the neutralizing antibody titer after one month of the second dose (z = -4.597, p < 0.001), while a significant decrease was seen in the IgG2 levels (z = -3.075, p = 0.002). The results showed a significant neutralizing effect of the vaccines being used, with Covishield being more effective than Covaxin. The levels of neutralizing antibodies were independent of all demographic variables such as age, sex, and body mass index. Conclusions This study evaluating the efficacy of the two vaccines, namely, Covishield and Covaxin, is the first of its kind in the state of Chhattisgarh. The results of this study are similar to previous studies conducted in India and outside India, concluding that Covishield is a more effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Nanda
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Prishni Gupta
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Anjan Kumar Giri
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Suprava Patel
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Seema Shah
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Eli Mohapatra
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
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16
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Xu S, Li J, Wang H, Wang F, Yin Z, Wang Z. Real-world effectiveness and factors associated with effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:160. [PMID: 37106390 PMCID: PMC10134725 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, CoronaVac and BBIBP-CorV, have been widely used to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The influence of multiple factors on inactivated vaccine effectiveness (VE) during long-term use and against variants is not well understood. METHODS We selected published or preprinted articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, medRxiv, BioRxiv, and the WHO COVID-19 database by 31 August 2022. We included observational studies that assessed the VE of completed primary series or homologous booster against SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to calculate pooled estimates and conducted multiple meta-regression with an information theoretic approach based on Akaike's Information Criterion to select the model and identify the factors associated with VE. RESULTS Fifty-one eligible studies with 151 estimates were included. For prevention of infection, VE associated with study region, variants, and time since vaccination; VE was significantly decreased against Omicron compared to Alpha (P = 0.021), primary series VE was 52.8% (95% CI, 43.3 to 60.7%) against Delta and 16.4% (95% CI, 9.5 to 22.8%) against Omicron, and booster dose VE was 65.2% (95% CI, 48.3 to 76.6%) against Delta and 20.3% (95% CI, 10.5 to 28.0%) against Omicron; primary VE decreased significantly after 180 days (P = 0.022). For the prevention of severe COVID-19, VE associated with vaccine doses, age, study region, variants, study design, and study population type; booster VE increased significantly (P = 0.001) compared to primary; though VE decreased significantly against Gamma (P = 0.034), Delta (P = 0.001), and Omicron (P = 0.001) compared to Alpha, primary and booster VEs were all above 60% against each variant. CONCLUSIONS Inactivated vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection was moderate, decreased significantly after 6 months following primary vaccination, and was restored by booster vaccination. VE against severe COVID-19 was greatest after boosting and did not decrease over time, sustained for over 6 months after the primary series, and more evidence is needed to assess the duration of booster VE. VE varied by variants, most notably against Omicron. It is necessary to ensure booster vaccination of everyone eligible for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and continue monitoring virus evolution and VE. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42022353272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Xu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzhen Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Programme, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Programme, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Ashmawy R, Kamal E, Amin W, Sharaf S, Kabeel S, Albiheyri R, El-Maradny YA, Hassanin E, Elsaka N, Fahmy O, Awd A, Aboeldahab H, Nayle M, Afifi M, Ibrahim M, Rafaat R, Aly S, Redwan EM. Effectiveness and Safety of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among Healthcare Workers: A Seven-Month Follow-Up Study at Fifteen Central Hospitals. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050892. [PMID: 37242996 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During a pandemic, healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. To protect these important individuals, it is highly recommended that they receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Our study focused on evaluating the safety and efficacy of Egypt's first approved vaccine, the Sinopharm vaccine (BBIBP-CorV), and comparing these findings with other vaccines. METHODS An observational study was conducted in fifteen triage and isolation hospitals, from the 1st of March until the end of September 2021. The study included fully vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, and we measured vaccine effectiveness (using 1-aHR), the incidence rate of severely to critically ill hospitalized cases, COVID-19-related work absenteeism, and the safety of the vaccine as outcomes. RESULTS Of the 1364 healthcare workers who were interviewed, 1228 agreed to participate. After taking the hazard ratio into account, the vaccine effectiveness was found to be 67% (95% CI, 80-43%) for symptomatic PCR-confirmed cases. The incidence rate ratio for hospitalization was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.15-1.31) in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group, and there was a significant reduction in absenteeism among the vaccinated group (p < 0.007). Most adverse events were mild and well tolerated. Vaccinated pregnant and lactating mothers did not experience any sentinel adverse events. CONCLUSION Our study found that the BBIBP-CorV vaccine was effective in protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Ashmawy
- Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt
- Infectious Diseases Administration, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Alexandria 21554, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kamal
- Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Wagdy Amin
- General Administration of Chest Diseases, MoHP, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Sandy Sharaf
- Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt
| | - Samar Kabeel
- Clinical Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Damietta 34711, Egypt
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bio Nanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Ebtisam Hassanin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, New Valley University, New Valley 72713, Egypt
| | - Noura Elsaka
- Clinical Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Sharkia 71529, Egypt
| | - Ola Fahmy
- Egyptian Drug Authority, Alexandria 21532, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Awd
- Physical Therapy Department, Kafr El-Sheikh General Hospital, MoHP, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Heba Aboeldahab
- Clinical Research Department, Kom El-Shokafa Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21572, Egypt
| | - Mai Nayle
- Clinical Research Department, Kafr El-Sheikh Chest Hospital, MoHP, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Magda Afifi
- General Administration of Chest Diseases, MoHP, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ibrahim
- Clinical Research Department, Fakous Central Hospital, MoHP, Sharkia 71529, Egypt
| | - Raghda Rafaat
- Clinical Research Department, Fakous Central Hospital, MoHP, Sharkia 71529, Egypt
| | - Shahinda Aly
- Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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18
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Harne R, Williams B, Abdelaal HFM, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:245-276. [PMID: 37091818 PMCID: PMC10113164 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to be an enormous global challenge faced by the healthcare sector. Availability of new vaccines and drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 and sequelae of COVID-19 has given the world hope in ending the pandemic. However, the emergence of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome every couple of months in different parts of world is a persistent danger to public health. Currently there is no single treatment to eradicate the risk of COVID-19. The widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the Omicron variant necessitates continued work on the development and implementation of effective vaccines. Moreover, there is evidence that mutations in the receptor domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein led to the decrease in current vaccine efficacy by escaping antibody recognition. Therefore, it is essential to actively identify the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evades the host immune system, study the long-lasting effects of COVID-19 and develop therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans and preclinical models. In this review, we describe the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the innate and adaptive host immune responses to infection. We address the ongoing need to develop effective vaccines that provide protection against different variants of SARS-CoV-2, as well as validated endpoint assays to evaluate the immunogenicity of vaccines in the pipeline, medications, anti-viral drug therapies and public health measures, that will be required to successfully end the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Harne
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brittany Williams
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hazem F. M. Abdelaal
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Ulinici M, Suljič A, Poggianella M, Milan Bonotto R, Resman Rus K, Paraschiv A, Bonetti AM, Todiras M, Corlateanu A, Groppa S, Ceban E, Petrovec M, Marcello A. Characterisation of the Antibody Response in Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Recipients and COVID-19 Convalescent Sera from the Republic of Moldova. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030637. [PMID: 36992221 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The early availability of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the aetiologic cause of COVID-19, has been at the cornerstone of the global recovery from the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the antispike RBD IgG antibody titres and neutralisation potential of COVID-19 convalescent plasma and the sera of Moldovan adults vaccinated with the Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine. An IgG ELISA with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and two pseudovirus-based neutralisation assays have been developed to evaluate neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 containment facilities. A significant moderate correlation was observed between IgG titres and the overall neutralising levels for each neutralisation assay (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001). A separate analysis of convalescent and vaccinated individuals showed a higher correlation of neutralising and IgG titres in convalescent individuals (ρ = 0.68, p < 0.001, ρ = 0.45, p < 0.001) compared with vaccinated individuals (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.53, p < 0.001). It can be concluded that individuals who recovered from infection developed higher levels of antispike RBD IgG antibodies. In comparison, the Sinopharm-vaccinated individuals produced higher levels of neutralising antibodies than convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ulinici
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Alfa Diagnostica Laboratory, 2021 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alen Suljič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monica Poggianella
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rafaela Milan Bonotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Katarina Resman Rus
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angela Paraschiv
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Amedeo Marco Bonetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mihail Todiras
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Emil Ceban
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Miroslav Petrovec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
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20
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Effectiveness of Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19: A Community Study Comparing Four Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030544. [PMID: 36992128 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The course of the COVID-19 pandemic has been critically altered by the availability of vaccines. To assess the risk of COVID-19 in the vaccinated, as compared to the unvaccinated population, as well as the comparative effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) and ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) vaccines in the prevention of clinical infection, we carried out a retrospective study of the incidence of clinical COVID-19 in the Belgrade city municipality of Voždovac among both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during a 4-month period between 1 July and 31 October 2021. The study included all individuals with a symptomatic infection confirmed by a positive PCR and/or antigen test. Only those who received two vaccine doses were considered as vaccinated. The results showed that of the Voždovac population of 169,567, a total of 81,447 (48%) individuals were vaccinated by the end of the study. Vaccination coverage increased with age, ranging from 1.06% in those below age 18, to even 78.8% in those above 65 years of age. More than one half (57.5%) of all those vaccinated received BBIBP-CorV, while 25.2% received BNT162b2, 11.7% Gam-COVID-Vac and 5.6% ChAdOx1. The overall risk of infection of the vaccinated vs. the unvaccinated was 0.53 (95% CI 0.45–0.61). Compared to the incidence of COVID-19 of 8.05 per 1000 in the unvaccinated population, the relative risk in the vaccinated was 0.35 (95% CI 0.3–0.41). The overall VE was 65%, differing widely among age groups and by vaccine. VE was 79% for BNT162b2, 62% for BBIBP-CorV, 60% for ChAdOx1 and 54% for Gam-COVID-Vac. The VE for BBIBP-CorV and BNT162b2 increased with age. The obtained results demonstrate a significant overall effectiveness of anti-COVID-19 vaccination, which, however, varied significantly among the analyzed vaccines, and was the highest for BNT162b2.
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21
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Rodriguez PE, Silva AP, Miglietta EA, Rall P, Pascuale CA, Ballejo C, López Miranda L, Ríos AS, Ramis L, Marro J, Poncet V, Mazzitelli B, Salvatori M, Ceballos A, Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma MM, Ojeda DS, Aguirre MF, Miragaya Y, Gamarnik AV, Rossi AH. Humoral response and neutralising capacity at 6 months post-vaccination against COVID-19 among institutionalised older adults in Argentina. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992370. [PMID: 36225925 PMCID: PMC9549602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected older adults residing in nursing homes, resulting in high rates of hospitalisation and death. Here, we evaluated the longitudinal humoral response and neutralising capacity in plasma samples of volunteers vaccinated with different platforms (Sputnik V, BBIBP-CorV, and AZD1222). A cohort of 851 participants, mean age 83 (60-103 years), from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina were included. Sequential plasma samples were taken at different time points after vaccination. After completing the vaccination schedule, infection-naïve volunteers who received either Sputnik V or AZD1222 exhibited significantly higher specific anti-Spike IgG titers than those who received BBIBP-CorV. Strong correlation between anti-Spike IgG titers and neutralising activity levels was evidenced at all times studied (rho=0.7 a 0.9). Previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and age <80 years were both associated with higher specific antibody levels. No differences in neutralising capacity were observed for the infection-naïve participants in either gender or age group. Similar to anti-Spike IgG titers, neutralising capacity decreased 3 to 9-fold at 6 months after initial vaccination for all platforms. Neutralising capacity against Omicron was between 10-58 fold lower compared to ancestral B.1 for all vaccine platforms at 21 days post dose 2 and 180 days post dose 1. This work provides evidence about the humoral response and neutralising capacity elicited by vaccination of a vulnerable elderly population. This data could be useful for pandemic management in defining public health policies, highlighting the need to apply reinforcements after a complete vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea P. Silva
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Rall
- Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Christian Ballejo
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucía López Miranda
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Lila Ramis
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Marro
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica Poncet
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Bianca Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Salvatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diego S. Ojeda
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Aguirre
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yanina Miragaya
- Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrés H. Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Andrés Hugo Rossi,
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