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Hua YX, Hua M, Pan D, Xu XY, Gu WX, Zhu JF. Associations between different types of screen-based leisure time and different eating behaviors among adolescents in shanghai, China. Appetite 2024; 198:107322. [PMID: 38548136 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Hua
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming Hua
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dan Pan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Xin Gu
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jing-Fen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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2
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Das P, Saraswathy KN, Chaudhary V. Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relationship with Obesity among Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study from Delhi, India. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:544-548. [PMID: 38933784 PMCID: PMC11198534 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_288_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction (SA) has emerged as an important health concern worldwide. Recent studies have recognized SA as one of the factors that promote sedentarism and can contribute to obesity. However, the relationship between SA and obesity among Indian young adults remains understudied. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of SA and explore its association with general and central obesity among young adults in Delhi, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 young adults (aged 18-30 years) of either sex (60.16% females) from Delhi. Screening for SA was done using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Somatometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference) were taken to determine general and central obesity. SA was prevalent among 25.2% of the participants. The prevalence of SA was higher among males and undergraduate students than among females and postgraduate/MPhil/PhD students, respectively. Further, SA was not associated with any of the obesity variables. Interestingly, smartphone addicts were found to have a 2.5-fold increased risk of being underweight. Though SA was not associated with obesity, it was found to be associated with being underweight, indicating a relationship between smartphone use and nutritional status among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyosmita Das
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Andersen TO, Sejling C, Jensen AK, Dissing AS, Severinsen ER, Drews HJ, Sørensen TIA, Varga TV, Rod NH. Self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use and their association with overweight and cardiometabolic risk markers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4861. [PMID: 38418905 PMCID: PMC10902390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nighttime smartphone use is associated with sleep problems, which in turn have a bidirectional association with overweight. We aim to investigate whether nighttime smartphone use and sleep are related to overweight and metabolic dysfunction in adult populations. We used data from three population samples (aged 16-89) from the SmartSleep Study, which included survey data (N = 29,838), high-resolution tracking data (N = 3446), follow-up data (N = 1768), and cardiometabolic risk markers (N = 242). Frequent self-reported nighttime smartphone use was associated with 51% higher odds (95% CI: 1.32; 1.70) of overweight compared with no use. Tracked nighttime smartphone use was also associated with overweight. Similar results were found for obesity as an outcome. No consistent associations were found between nighttime smartphone use and cardiometabolic risk markers in a small subsample of healthy young women. Poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) was associated with overweight (OR = 1.19, 85% CI: 1.10; 1.28). Overall, frequent nighttime smartphone use was consistently associated with overweight and a higher BMI across diverse population samples. The bidirectional interplay between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and overweight may create a vicious circle of metabolic dysfunction over time. Therefore, nighttime smartphone use may be a potential target point for public health interventions to reduce overweight at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Otte Andersen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Sejling
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kryger Jensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Skovlund Dissing
- Real World Evidence & Epidemiology, Department of Value Evidence and Patient Insights, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin Rosenbek Severinsen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Johannes Drews
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schaffler Y, Probst T, Pieh C, Haid B, Humer E. Prevalence of mental health symptoms and potential risk factors among Austrian psychotherapists. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3888. [PMID: 38366010 PMCID: PMC10873375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This research focused on the intricacies of mental health within the psychotherapist community, a domain currently understudied. A recent study suggests a better overall mental health profile for Austrian psychotherapists compared to the general population. However, a substantial proportion of psychotherapists still exhibited scores beyond the cut-off for clinically significant mental disorders, potentially undermining the efficacy of patient outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April to June 2023, enrolling a cohort of 502 Austrian psychotherapists (79.7% female; mean age: 53.4 ± 9.26 years). The analysis leveraged indicators for symptoms of depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), insomnia (ISI-2), stress (PSS-4), and overall well-being (WHO-5). Key correlations were revealed using multivariable logistic regressions incorporating sociodemographic, work-related, and health behavior variables. Mental health symptoms in psychotherapists were associated with lower income, lesser physical activity, employment in outpatient facilities, less experience in the field, and a smaller patient load. Notably, physical activity emerged as a significant protective component, underscoring regular exercise as a vital self-care routine for psychotherapists. Adequate income also presented as a crucial contributor to mental health stability. These findings augment our understanding of the complex dynamics influencing psychotherapists' mental health, potentially enhancing their well-being and optimizing professional output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schaffler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Barbara Haid
- Austrian Federal Association for Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ruedl G, Cocca A, Wirnitzer KC, Tanous D, Drenowatz C, Niedermeier M. Primary school children's health and its association with physical fitness development and health-related factors. AIMS Public Health 2023; 11:1-18. [PMID: 38617409 PMCID: PMC11007415 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The health status (HS) of children is influenced by a variety of factors, including physical fitness (PF) or social and environmental characteristics. We present a 4-year longitudinal study carried out with 263 primary school children. PF was assessed yearly using the German Motor Performance Test 6-18. Demographic data, leisure time behavior and socioeconomic factors were collected using questionnaires for children and parents. Based on parents' ratings in year 4, children were categorized as either "very good health status" (VGHS) or "good health status or below" (GHSB). Children with VGHS (73%) showed a larger improvement of global PF (p < 0.001), a significantly higher proportion of being/playing outside (p < 0.001), significantly lower proportions of overweight (p < 0.001), of media availability in the bedroom (p = 0.011) and of daily media consumption > 2 h (p = 0.033) compared to children with GHSB. Regarding socio-economic factors, children with VGHS revealed significantly fewer parents with lower education (p = 0.002), lower physical activity levels (p = 0.030) and lower migration background (p < 0.001). Physical fitness (p = 0.019) and outdoors exercising (p = 0.050) were the only variables to provide significantly higher chances of perceiving one's own health as very good when tested within a complex model including all the variables studied in this work. Considering the little focus on PF in the current Austrian physical education curriculum and the favorable environmental features of the Tyrolean region, more emphasis should be given to promoting didactical and pedagogical approaches that allow schoolers to be active in the nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Dvořákova 138/7, 70200 Ostrava, the Czech Republic
| | - Katharina C. Wirnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Pastorstraße 7, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick Tanous
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Kaplanhofstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Gnardellis C, Vagka E, Lagiou A, Notara V. Nomophobia and Its Association with Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS Scale), among Young Adults in Greece. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2765-2778. [PMID: 38131890 PMCID: PMC10743171 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13120191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphones with their numerous applications have become essential daily equipment, prompting scientific research to deal with the impact of their use on psychosocial health. Under this spectrum, the aim of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the association between nomophobia and the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress, in relation to self-esteem and sociodemographic data, among the young adult population. The study sample consisted of 1408 young adults aged 18-25 years, participating on a voluntary basis with an online anonymous questionnaire. Data were collected through the "Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)", "Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-short form (DASS-21)", and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The questionnaire also included socio-demographic characteristics and smartphone use variables. Data analysis showed that women were identified with severe depression and stress to a greater extent than men (63.3% vs. 55.1% for depression and 18.1% vs. 13.8% for stress scale). With respect to nomophobia, participants with severe levels of nomophobia also exhibited severe levels of negative emotional states in all DASS components, i.e., 40.6% in depression, 73.7% in anxiety, and 32.7% in stress (all p values < 0.001). Participants with severe levels of depression and anxiety were very often checking their phone and used it in all daily activities. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that self-esteem had a moderating effect on the relationship between nomophobia and DASS, a fact that modifies the association between the involved variables: stronger relationships appeared between nomophobia and DASS components in individuals with normal/high self-esteem than in individuals with low self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Gnardellis
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Elissavet Vagka
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
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Humer E, Neubauer V, Brühl D, Dale R, Pieh C, Probst T. Prevalence of mental health symptoms and potential risk factors among Austrian veterinary medicine students. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13764. [PMID: 37612368 PMCID: PMC10447431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the poor mental health of veterinarians has been reported in different countries, no data exist on mental health in Austrian veterinary students. This study aimed to provide first data on a broad range of mental health indicators in Austrian veterinary students, compare these data with the Austrian general population, and explore factors associated with poor mental health. A total of 29.1% (n = 430; 85.8% female; mean age: 23.14 ± 3.69 years) of the total Austrian veterinary student population (N = 1477 students; 82.1% females) took part in an online survey conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. Indicators of mental health were symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), insomnia (ISI-7), stress (PSS-4), alcohol abuse (CAGE) and disordered eating (SCOFF). Compared to the general Austrian population a higher proportion of veterinary students exceeded the cut-offs for clinically relevant mental health symptoms (P < 0.05). A total of 55.3% of participating veterinary students exceeded the cut-off for moderate depressive symptoms, 52.6% for moderate anxiety symptoms, 20.9% for clinically relevant insomnia symptoms, 79.3% for high-stress symptoms, 22.8% for symptoms of alcohol abuse and 38.6% for symptoms of disordered eating. Multivariable logistic regression including several sociodemographic, health behavior, and study-related variables as predictors revealed that mental health symptoms in veterinary students were associated with female gender, older age, low physical activity, high smartphone usage, and desired specification in small animal or wildlife medicine. In conclusion, Austrian veterinary students experience a high mental health burden. The teaching of coping skills and strategies to improve mental hygiene should be implemented in the curricula of veterinary education to improve mental health in the veterinary profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500, Krems, Austria.
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology, and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Deianira Brühl
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500, Krems, Austria
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology, and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel Dale
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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