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Li F, Ye C, Wang X, Li X, Wang X. Honokiol ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced damage of airway epithelial cells via the SIRT3/SOD2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:4009-4020. [PMID: 37795870 PMCID: PMC10746946 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking can cause damage of airway epithelial cells and contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Honokiol is originally isolated from Magnolia obovata with multiple biological activities. Here, we investigated the protective effects of honokiol on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced injury of BEAS-2B cells. BEAS-2B cells were treated with 300 mg/L CSE to construct an in vitro cell injury model, and cells were further treated with 2, 5 and 10 μM honokiol, then cell viability and LDH leakage were analysed by CCK-8 and LDH assay kits, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis. ELISA was used to measure the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. The results showed that honokiol (0.5-20 μM) showed non-toxic effects on BEAS-2B cells. Treatment with honokiol (2, 5 and 10 μM) reduced CSE (300 mg/L)-induced decrease in cell viability and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Honokiol also decreased CSE-induced inflammation through inhibiting expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. Moreover, honokiol repressed CSE-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decrease of ATP content and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, honokiol promoted the expression of SIRT3 and its downstream target genes, which are critical regulators of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Silencing of SIRT3 reversed the protective effects of honokiol on CSE-induced damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in BEAS-2B cells. These results indicated that honokiol attenuated CSE-induced damage of airway epithelial cells through regulating SIRT3/SOD2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Chunyu Ye
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xinting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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2
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Miklós Z, Horváth I. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COPD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1196. [PMID: 37371927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress driven by several environmental and local airway factors associated with chronic obstructive bronchiolitis, a hallmark feature of COPD, plays a crucial role in disease pathomechanisms. Unbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defense mechanisms amplifies the local inflammatory processes, worsens cardiovascular health, and contributes to COPD-related cardiovascular dysfunctions and mortality. The current review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of different mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress and its countermeasures, with special attention to those that link local and systemic processes. Major regulatory mechanisms orchestrating these pathways are also introduced, with some suggestions for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Miklós
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Korányi F. Street 1, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Korányi F. Street 1, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Sevilla-Montero J, Munar-Rubert O, Pino-Fadón J, Aguilar-Latorre C, Villegas-Esguevillas M, Climent B, Agrò M, Choya-Foces C, Martínez-Ruiz A, Balsa E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Gómez-Punter RM, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Cogolludo A, Calzada MJ. Cigarette smoke induces pulmonary arterial dysfunction through an imbalance in the redox status of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:9-22. [PMID: 36174878 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whose main risk factor is cigarette smoking (CS), is one of the most common diseases globally. Some COPD patients also develop pulmonary hypertension (PH), a severe complication that leads to premature death. Evidence suggests reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement in COPD and PH, especially regarding pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) dysfunction. However, the effects of CS-driven oxidative stress on the pulmonary vasculature are not completely understood. Herein we provide evidence on the effects of CS extract (CSE) exposure on PASMC regarding ROS production, antioxidant response and its consequences on vascular tone dysregulation. Our results indicate that CSE exposure promotes mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased mitochondrial superoxide levels. However, this superoxide increase did not parallel a counterbalancing antioxidant response in human pulmonary artery (PA) cells. Interestingly, the mitochondrial superoxide scavenger mitoTEMPO reduced mitochondrial fission and membrane potential depolarization caused by CSE. As we have previously shown, CSE reduces PA vasoconstriction and vasodilation. In this respect, mitoTEMPO prevented the impaired nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, while vasoconstriction remained reduced. Finally, we observed a CSE-driven downregulation of the Cyb5R3 enzyme, which prevents soluble guanylyl cyclase oxidation in PASMC. This might explain the CSE-mediated decrease in PA vasodilation. These results provide evidence that there might be a connection between mitochondrial ROS and altered vasodilation responses in PH secondary to COPD, and strongly support the potential of antioxidant strategies specifically targeting mitochondria as a new therapy for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sevilla-Montero
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - O Munar-Rubert
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pino-Fadón
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Aguilar-Latorre
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Villegas-Esguevillas
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Climent
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Agrò
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Choya-Foces
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Balsa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Muñoz-Calleja
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Gómez-Punter
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vázquez-Espinosa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Calzada
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Aparici M, Bravo M, Calama E, García-González V, Domènech T, Córdoba M, Roger I, Cortijo J, Góngora-Benítez M, Paradís-Bas M, Collins B, Davis AM, Albericio F, Puig C. Pharmacological characterization of a novel peptide inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115226. [PMID: 36027928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
LAS200813 is a novel bicyclic lipopeptide that activates Nrf2 by binding to Keap1, thereby antagonising the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. In this work we report the pharmacological characterization of LAS200813 in Nrf2-dependent translational preclinical models. LAS200813 binds to Keap1 with high affinity (IC50: 0.73 nM) and is able to induce the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus. Furthermore, LAS200813 increases the expression of Nrf2 target genes in human bronchial epithelial cells (EC50 of 96 and 70 nM for srxn1 and nqo1, respectively). Similarly, the intratracheal administration of LAS200813 to rats increases the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes in lung tissue, an effect that lasts for a few hours. Moreover, in cells exposed to cigarette smoke, LAS200813 shows an antioxidant effect by increasing the production of glutathione and prevents cellular apoptosis. In conclusion, the results described herein demonstrate that LAS200813 is a potent non-electrophilic Nrf2-activating peptide designed to be administered by inhaled route which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for respiratory diseases driven by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Aparici
- Almirall, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mònica Bravo
- Almirall, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Calama
- Almirall, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Domènech
- Almirall, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Córdoba
- Almirall, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Roger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Paradís-Bas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barry Collins
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Davis
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Puig
- Almirall, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Spagnolo P, Semenzato U. Revealing the pathogenic and ageing-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:296-302. [PMID: 35749794 PMCID: PMC10810353 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Growing evidence suggests that ageing-associated alterations occur in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we review the most recent literature on dysregulated ageing pathways in IPF and COPD and discuss how they may contribute to disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells undergo premature senescence under stress and that senescent ATII cells promote lung fibrogenesis. Some studies have explored the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in IPF. They have provided evidence that dysfunctional mitochondria are important contributors to fibrogenesis through release of damaged DNA and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, whereas restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis may attenuate lung fibrosis. Insufficient autophagy has been shown to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk, suggesting that autophagy augmentation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. A number of studies have also explored the role of cellular senescence, mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in COPD. SUMMARY Several ageing mechanisms are dysregulated in the lungs of patients with IPF and COPD, although how they contribute to disease development and progression remains elusive. Genetic or pharmacologic attenuation of senescence-related pathways and elimination of senescent cells may represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Dobric A, De Luca SN, Seow HJ, Wang H, Brassington K, Chan SMH, Mou K, Erlich J, Liong S, Selemidis S, Spencer SJ, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. Cigarette Smoke Exposure Induces Neurocognitive Impairments and Neuropathological Changes in the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:893083. [PMID: 35656006 PMCID: PMC9152421 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.893083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Neurocognitive dysfunction is present in up to ∼61% of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with symptoms including learning and memory deficiencies, negatively impacting the quality of life of these individuals. As the mechanisms responsible for neurocognitive deficits in COPD remain unknown, we explored whether chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure causes neurocognitive dysfunction in mice and whether this is associated with neuroinflammation and an altered neuropathology. Methods Male BALB/c mice were exposed to room air (sham) or CS (9 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week) for 24 weeks. After 23 weeks, mice underwent neurocognitive tests to assess working and spatial memory retention. At 24 weeks, mice were culled and lungs were collected and assessed for hallmark features of COPD. Serum was assessed for systemic inflammation and the hippocampus was collected for neuroinflammatory and structural analysis. Results Chronic CS exposure impaired lung function as well as driving pulmonary inflammation, emphysema, and systemic inflammation. CS exposure impaired working memory retention, which was associated with a suppression in hippocampal microglial number, however, these microglia displayed a more activated morphology. CS-exposed mice showed changes in astrocyte density as well as a reduction in synaptophysin and dendritic spines in the hippocampus. Conclusion We have developed an experimental model of COPD in mice that recapitulates the hallmark features of the human disease. The altered microglial/astrocytic profiles and alterations in the neuropathology within the hippocampus may explain the neurocognitive dysfunction observed during COPD.
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7
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Shrestha D, Massey N, Bhat SM, Jelesijević T, Sahin O, Zhang Q, Bailey KL, Poole JA, Charavaryamath C. Nrf2 Activation Protects Against Organic Dust and Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Induced Epithelial Barrier Loss and K. pneumoniae Invasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:848773. [PMID: 35521223 PMCID: PMC9062039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.848773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture workers report various respiratory symptoms owing to occupational exposure to organic dust (OD) and various gases. Previously, we demonstrated that pre-exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alters the host response to OD and induces oxidative stress. Nrf2 is a master-regulator of host antioxidant response and exposures to toxicants is known to reduce Nrf2 activity. The OD exposure-induced lung inflammation is known to increase susceptibility to a secondary microbial infection. We tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure to OD or H2S leads to loss of Nrf2, loss of epithelial cell integrity and that activation of Nrf2 rescues this epithelial barrier dysfunction. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells or mouse precision cut-lung slices (PCLS) were treated with media, swine confinement facility organic dust extract (ODE) or H2S or ODE+H2S for one or five days. Cells were also pretreated with vehicle control (DMSO) or RTA-408, a Nrf2 activator. Acute exposure to H2S and ODE+H2S altered the cell morphology, decreased the viability as per the MTT assay, and reduced the Nrf2 expression as well as increased the keap1 levels in NHBE cells. Repeated exposure to ODE or H2S or ODE+H2S induced oxidative stress and cytokine production, decreased tight junction protein occludin and cytoskeletal protein ezrin expression, disrupted epithelial integrity and resulted in increased Klebsiella pneumoniae invasion. RTA-408 (pharmacological activator of Nrf2) activated Nrf2 by decreasing keap1 levels and reduced ODE+H2S-induced changes including reversing loss of barrier integrity, inflammatory cytokine production and microbial invasion in PCLS but not in NHBE cell model. We conclude that Nrf2 activation has a partial protective function against ODE and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denusha Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tomislav Jelesijević
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath,
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Arancibia-Hernández YL, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect of Mg 2+ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2348. [PMID: 35357063 PMCID: PMC9111052 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterised by high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress induces oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing tissue damage. Both inflammation and OS contribute to multi-organ failure in severe cases. Magnesium (Mg2+ ) regulates many processes, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, as well as the proper functioning of other micronutrients such as vitamin D. In addition, Mg2+ participates as a second signalling messenger in the activation of T cells. Therefore, Mg2+ deficiency can cause immunodeficiency, exaggerated acute inflammatory response, decreased antioxidant response, and OS. Supplementation with Mg2+ has an anti-inflammatory response by reducing the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin (IL) -6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, Mg2+ supplementation improves mitochondrial function and increases the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, reducing OS. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation is a potential way to reduce inflammation and OS, strengthening the immune system to manage COVID-19. This narrative review will address Mg2+ deficiency associated with a worse disease prognosis, Mg2+ supplementation as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy during and after COVID-19 disease, and suggest that randomised controlled trials are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Ban WH, Rhee CK. Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2022; 85:221-226. [PMID: 35255667 PMCID: PMC9263341 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2021.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation due to chronic airway inflammation and destruction of the alveolar structure from persistent exposure to oxidative stress. The body has various antioxidant mechanisms for efficiently coping with such oxidative stress. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–antioxidant response element (ARE) is a representative system. Dysregulation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway is responsible for the development and promotion of COPD. Furthermore, COPD severity is also closely related to this pathway. There has been a clinical impetus to use Nrf2 for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Therefore, in this work, we systematically reviewed the clinical significance of Nrf2 in COPD patients, and discuss the value of Nrf2 as a potential COPD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Ho Ban
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Address for correspondence Chin Kook Rhee, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea Phone 82-2-2258-6067 Fax 82-2-599-3589 E-mail
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10
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Le S, Fu X, Pang M, Zhou Y, Yin G, Zhang J, Fan D. The Antioxidative Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy as a Downstream Regulator of Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221114178. [PMID: 36131551 PMCID: PMC9500268 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) plays an important role in regulating a variety of cellular functions by selectively degrading damaged or functional proteins in the cytoplasm. One of the cellular processes in which CMA participates is the oxidative stress response. Oxidative stress regulates CMA activity, while CMA protects cells from oxidative damage by degrading oxidized proteins and preventing the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in CMA activity have been found in many human diseases, and oxidative stress is also involved. Therefore, understanding the interaction mechanism of ROS and CMA will provide new targets for disease treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of CMA in combatting oxidative stress during the development of different conditions, such as aging, neurodegeneration, liver diseases, infections, pulmonary disorders, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Le
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maogui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Oncology, 572481Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 572481Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Gopallawa I, Kuek LE, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Small-molecule Akt-activation in airway cells induces NO production and reduces IL-8 transcription through Nrf-2. Respir Res 2021; 22:267. [PMID: 34666758 PMCID: PMC8525858 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-cancerous functions of Akt in the airway are understudied. In some tissues, Akt phosphorylates and activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce nitric oxide (NO) that has anti-inflammatory effects. NO production has antibacterial and antiviral effects in the airway, and increasing NO may be a useful anti-pathogen strategy. Akt also stimulates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) transcription factor, which transcribes antioxidant genes. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the Akt/eNOS pathway, which also activates Nrf-2, may have protective effects in human airway cells against injury. METHODS To directly test the effects of Akt signaling in the airway, we treated A549 and 16HBE cells as well as primary bronchial, nasal, and type II alveolar epithelial cells with small molecule Akt activator SC79. We examined the effects of SC79 on eNOS activation, NO production, Nrf-2 target levels, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) transcription during exposure to TNF-α or Pseudomonas flagellin (TLR5 agonist). Additionally, air-liquid interface bronchial cultures were treated with cadmium, an oxidative stressor that causes airway barrier breakdown. RESULTS SC79 induced a ~ twofold induction of p-eNOS and Nrf-2 protein levels blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Live cell imaging revealed SC79 increased acute NO production. Quantitative RT-PCR showed a ~ twofold increase in Nrf-2 target gene transcription. TNF-α or flagellin-induced IL-8 levels were also significantly reduced with SC79 treatment. Moreover, the transepithelial electrical resistance decrease observed with cadmium was ameliorated by SC79, likely by an acute increase in tight junction protein ZO-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data presented here demonstrate SC79 activation of Akt induces potentially anti-pathogenic NO production, antioxidant gene transcription, reduces IL-8 transcription, and may protect against oxidative barrier dysfunction in a wide range of airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Li Eon Kuek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Cellular senescence-an aging hallmark in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Respir Investig 2021; 60:33-44. [PMID: 34649812 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),1 a representative aging-related pulmonary disorder, is mainly caused by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Age is one of the most important risk factors for COPD development, and increased cellular senescence in tissues and organs is a component of aging. CS exposure can induce cellular senescence, as characterized by irreversible growth arrest and aberrant cytokine secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype; thus, accumulation of senescent cells is widely implicated in COPD pathogenesis. CS-induced oxidative modifications to cellular components may be causally linked to accelerated cellular senescence, especially during accumulation of damaged macromolecules. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism whereby cytoplasmic components are sent for lysosomal degradation to maintain proteostasis. Autophagy diminishes with age, and loss of proteostasis is one of the hallmarks of aging. We have reported the involvement of insufficient autophagy in regulating CS-induced cellular senescence with respect to COPD pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in COPD pathogenesis can vary based on levels of cell stress and type of selective autophagy because excessive activation of autophagy can be responsible for inducing regulated cell death. Senotherapies targeting cellular senescence may be effective COPD treatments. Autophagy activation could be a promising sonotherapeutic approach, but the optimal modality of autophagy activation should be examined in future studies.
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13
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Dobric A, De Luca SN, Spencer SJ, Bozinovski S, Saling MM, McDonald CF, Vlahos R. Novel pharmacological strategies to treat cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108017. [PMID: 34626675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden and currently the 3rd largest cause of death in the world, with approximately 3.23 million deaths per year. Globally, the financial burden of COPD is approximately €82 billion per year and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Importantly, much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities and viral and bacterial-induced acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Recent clinical studies have shown that cognitive dysfunction is present in up to 60% of people with COPD, with impairments in executive function, memory, and attention, impacting on important outcomes such as quality of life, hospitalisation and survival. The high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in COPD may also help explain the insufficient adherence to therapeutic plans and strategies, thus worsening disease progression in people with COPD. However, the mechanisms underlying the impaired neuropathology and cognition in COPD remain largely unknown. In this review, we propose that the observed pulmonary oxidative burden and inflammatory response of people with COPD 'spills over' into the systemic circulation, resulting in damage to the brain and leading to cognitive dysfunction. As such, drugs targeting the lungs and comorbidities concurrently represent an exciting and unique therapeutic opportunity to treat COPD and cognitive impairments, which may lead to the production of novel targets to prevent and reverse the debilitating and life-threatening effects of cognitive dysfunction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dobric
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine F McDonald
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Hosaka Y, Araya J, Fujita Y, Kuwano K. Role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in the pathophysiology including pulmonary disorders. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:29. [PMID: 34593046 PMCID: PMC8485456 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of delivering cytoplasmic components for lysosomal degradation. Among the three major autophagic pathways, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is primarily characterized by its selective nature of protein degradation, which is mediated by heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70: also known as HSPA8) recognition of the KFERQ peptide motif in target proteins. Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A) is responsible for substrate binding and internalization to lysosomes, and thus, the lysosomal expression level of LAMP2A is a rate-limiting factor for CMA. Recent advances have uncovered not only physiological but also pathological role of CMA in multiple organs, including neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, liver diseases, heart diseases, and cancers through the accumulation of unwanted proteins or increased degradation of target proteins with concomitant metabolic alterations resulting from CMA malfunction. With respect to pulmonary disorders, the involvement of CMA has been demonstrated in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis through regulating apoptosis. Further understanding of CMA machinery may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of refractory disorders and lead to novel treatment modalities through CMA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hosaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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15
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Wang W, Wu W, Wang B, Gao F. Effect of houttuynia on improving lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3389-3396. [PMID: 34262700 PMCID: PMC8269584 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of houttuynia on lung pathological injury in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rats were randomly divided into the normal control, COPD model (model), low-dose treatment (low, 5 mg/kg), middle-dose treatment (middle, 10 mg/kg), and high-dose treatment (high, 25 mg/kg) groups. The COPD rat model was induced by smoking combined with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. The treatment groups were given Houttuynia by gavage at 30 min before smoking. The IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations in serum and BALF were determined by ELISA. The pathological morphology was detected by HE staining. The apoptosis cell number was evaluated by TUNEL assay. Apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9) were measured by IHC assay in lung tissues. The relative proteins [TLR4, MyD88, and p-NF-κB(p65)] were evaluated by Western blot assay in lung tissues. Compared with the model group, the low, middle, and high groups could reduce pulmonary congestion, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis cell number; downregulate the protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB(p65) (p < .05); and inhibit the IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations in serum and BALF. Houttuynia could improve the morphology and apoptosis cell number in lung tissues, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB(p65) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of RespiratoryWangjing HospitalChinese Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of RespiratoryWangjing HospitalChinese Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of RespiratoryWangjing HospitalChinese Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of RespiratoryWangjing HospitalChinese Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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16
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Lu Z, Van Eeckhoutte HP, Liu G, Nair PM, Jones B, Gillis CM, Nalkurthi BC, Verhamme F, Buyle-Huybrecht T, Vandenabeele P, Berghe TV, Brusselle GG, Horvat JC, Murphy JM, Wark PA, Bracke KR, Fricker M, Hansbro PM. Necroptosis Signalling Promotes Inflammation, Airway Remodelling and Emphysema in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:667-681. [PMID: 34133911 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Necroptosis, mediated by RIPK3 and MLKL, is a form of regulated necrosis that can drive tissue inflammation and destruction, however its contribution to COPD pathogenesis is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of necroptosis in COPD. METHODS Levels of RIPK3, MLKL and activated phospho-MLKL were measured in lung tissues of COPD patients and non-COPD controls. Necroptosis-related mRNA and proteins and cell death were examined in the lungs and pulmonary macrophages of mice with cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD. The responses of Ripk3- and Mlkl-deficient (-/-) mice to CS exposure were compared to wild-type mice. Combined inhibition of apoptosis (pan-caspase inhibitor qVD-OPh) and necroptosis (Mlkl-/- mice) was assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Protein levels of MLKL and pMLKL but not RIPK3 were increased in lung tissues of COPD patients compared to never smokers or smoker non-COPD controls. Necroptosis-related mRNA and protein levels were increased in lung tissue and macrophages in CS-exposed mice/experimental COPD. Ripk3 or Mlkl deletion prevented airway inflammation in response to acute CS-exposure. Ripk3 deficiency reduced airway inflammation and remodelling and development of emphysematous pathology following chronic CS-exposure. Mlkl deletion and qVD-OPh treatment reduced chronic CS-induced airway inflammation, but only Mlkl deletion prevented airway remodelling and emphysema. Ripk3 or Mlkl deletion and qVD-OPh treatment reduced CS-induced lung cell death. CONCLUSIONS Necroptosis is induced by CS exposure and increased in COPD patient lungs and experimental COPD. Inhibiting necroptosis attenuates CS-induced airway inflammation, airway remodelling and emphysema. Targeted inhibition of necroptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gang Liu
- The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science, 170529, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prema M Nair
- University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, 64834, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- The University of Newcastle, 5982, Centre for Asthma & Respiratory Disease, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Gillis
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science, 170529, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Ghent University, 26656, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University, 26656, Methusalem program CEDAR-IC, Gent, Belgium
| | - B Christina Nalkurthi
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science, 170529, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tamariche Buyle-Huybrecht
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Ghent University, 26656, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, 26660, Department Biomedical Sciences, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Respiratory Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Vaccines, Immunity, Viruses and Asthma Group, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 5388, Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- The University of Newcastle, 5982, Centre for Asthma & Respiratory Disease, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Vaccines, Infection, Viruses & Asthma, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken R Bracke
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Respiratory Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Fricker
- The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs & Grow Up Well, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
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17
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Ji G, Zhang M, Liu Q, Wu S, Wang Y, Chen G, Sandford AJ, He JQ. Functional Polymorphism in the NFE2L2 Gene Associated With Tuberculosis Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660384. [PMID: 34108963 PMCID: PMC8181729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), encoded by NFE2L2, functions as a key transcription factor and regulates expression of antioxidant genes. Our study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of NFE2L2 with tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and the underlying causal mechanisms. Methods 1950 unrelated Chinese Han participants were included in our two independent study groups. Five tag polymorphisms were selected and genotyped. The functional effects of the rs13005431 polymorphism were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and mRNA level comparisons. Results Rs13005431_C and rs2364723_G were associated with increased TB susceptibility (P = 0.010 and P = 0.041) after adjustment for confounding factors. rs6726395_A was associated with increased risk of active TB (P=0.035) in a comparison with the LTBI group. The frequency of haplotype rs1049751- rs13005431 AC was higher in the TB group (P =0.013), while frequency of haplotype AT was higher in the healthy control group (P =0.025). The luciferase activity of a plasmid with the rs13005431C-promoter was significantly lower than that of the rs13005431T-promoter. In addition, neutrophils with the CC/TC genotypes which were activated by GM-CSF showed a decreased level of NFE2L2 mRNA when compared with the rs13005431 TT genotype. Conclusions Our study suggests that allele C of rs13005431 might increase the susceptibility to TB by down-regulating the transcriptional activity of NFE2L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chengdu Municipal First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Division of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrew J. Sandford
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Gao Y, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Zhao L. Chrysene accelerates the proceeding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis in cigarette smoke exposed mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1031-1044. [PMID: 33345606 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chrysene, one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been reported to make damages to human health and living environment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disorder with high morbidity and mortality. To investigate the role of chrysene in the development of COPD, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the cigarette smoke (CS) followed with the administration of chrysene. Morphological analyses indicated that chrysene caused earlier and severer pathological changes in CS-exposed mice. Besides, CS-exposed mice with chrysene treatment showed obvious collagen deposition, elevated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and reduced E-cadherin abundance at earlier stage, which suggested the acceleration and aggravation of pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, quantification of leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues implied that chrysene significantly exacerbated the proceeding of inflammation in CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, significantly increased apoptotic rates, augmented expressions of apoptotic related proteins and highly expressed TRPV1 were determined in CS-exposed mice with chrysene treatment, which indicated the association between COPD pathogenesis and TRPV1 channel. In summary, our findings elucidate that chrysene accelerates the development of COPD in a murine model with new molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjia Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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19
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Xu Y, Liu H, Song L. Novel drug delivery systems targeting oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:145. [PMID: 33076918 PMCID: PMC7570055 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is significantly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Combining antioxidant drugs or nutrients results in a noteworthy therapeutic value in animal models of COPD. However, the benefits have not been reproduced in clinical applications, this may be attributed to the limited absorption, concentration, and half-life of exogenous antioxidants. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems to combat oxidative stress in COPD are needed. This review presents a brief insight into the current knowledge on the role of oxidative stress and highlights the recent trends in novel drug delivery carriers that could aid in combating oxidative stress in COPD. The introduction of nanotechnology has enabled researchers to overcome several problems and improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drugs. Large porous microparticles, and porous nanoparticle-encapsulated microparticles are the most promising carriers for achieving effective pulmonary deposition of inhaled medication and obtaining controlled drug release. However, translating drug delivery systems for administration in pulmonary clinical settings is still in its initial phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Gallic acid ameliorates COPD-associated exacerbation in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:293-302. [PMID: 32965595 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
COPD is an inflammatory lung disease, which is often exacerbated with microbial infections resulting in worsening of respiratory symptoms. Gallic acid (GA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound is known to possess anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory activity. We have recently reported that GA protects against the elastase (ET) induced lung inflammation and emphysema and the present work was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of Gallic acid against ET + Lipopolysachharide (LPS) induced COPD exacerbation like condition in mice model. Our data showed that i.t. administration of LPS at 21 days after ET instillation resulted in significant infiltration of inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils (p < 0.0001) into the lungs along with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, daily administration of GA (200 mg/Kg b. wt.) starting 7 days before ET instillation, significantly blunted the ET + LPS induced inflammation as indicated by reduced number of inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils (p < 0.0001) in BALF along with suppression of myeloperoxidase activity (p = 0.0009) and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.0001). Further, GA also restored the redox imbalance in the lungs towards normal. Additionally, phosphorylation of p65-NF-κB was found to be reduced (p = 0.015), which was associated with downregulation in the gene expression of IL-1β (p = 0.022) and TNF-α (p = 0.04). Conversely, GA treatment resulted in increased protein levels of Nrf2 (p = 0.021) with concomitant increase in transcription of its downstream target genes HO-1 (p = 0.033) and Prdx-1 (p = 0.006). Overall, our data show that GA effectively modulates COPD exacerbation manifestations in mice potentially by restoring redox imbalance in lungs.
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21
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Hosaka Y, Araya J, Fujita Y, Kadota T, Tsubouchi K, Yoshida M, Minagawa S, Hara H, Kawamoto H, Watanabe N, Ito A, Ichikawa A, Saito N, Okuda K, Watanabe J, Takekoshi D, Utsumi H, Hashimoto M, Wakui H, Ito S, Numata T, Mori S, Matsudaira H, Hirano J, Ohtsuka T, Nakayama K, Kuwano K. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Suppresses Apoptosis via Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1256-1267. [PMID: 32699159 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) induces accumulation of misfolded proteins with concomitantly enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR). Increased apoptosis linked to UPR has been demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a type of selective autophagy for lysosomal degradation of proteins with the KFERQ peptide motif. CMA has been implicated in not only maintaining nutritional homeostasis but also adapting the cell to stressed conditions. Although recent papers have shown functional cross-talk between UPR and CMA, mechanistic implications for CMA in COPD pathogenesis, especially in association with CS-evoked UPR, remain obscure. In this study, we sought to examine the role of CMA in regulating CS-induced apoptosis linked to UPR during COPD pathogenesis using human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and lung tissues. CS extract (CSE) induced LAMP2A expression and CMA activation through a Nrf2-dependent manner in HBEC. LAMP2A knockdown and the subsequent CMA inhibition enhanced UPR, including CHOP expression, and was accompanied by increased apoptosis during CSE exposure, which was reversed by LAMP2A overexpression. Immunohistochemistry showed that Nrf2 and LAMP2A levels were reduced in small airway epithelial cells in COPD compared with non-COPD lungs. Both Nrf2 and LAMP2A levels were significantly reduced in HBEC isolated from COPD, whereas LAMP2A levels in HBEC were positively correlated with pulmonary function tests. These findings suggest the existence of functional cross-talk between CMA and UPR during CSE exposure and also that impaired CMA may be causally associated with COPD pathogenesis through enhanced UPR-mediated apoptosis in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hosaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan;
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hironori Kawamoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Naoaki Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ichikawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Nayuta Saito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Keitaro Okuda
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takekoshi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Utsumi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Saburo Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Takanori Numata
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Shohei Mori
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Hideki Matsudaira
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Jun Hirano
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Katsutoshi Nakayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
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Autophagy Upregulation by the TFEB Inducer Trehalose Protects against Oxidative Damage and Cell Death Associated with NRF2 Inhibition in Human RPE Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5296341. [PMID: 32774677 PMCID: PMC7396061 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5296341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a natural dietary molecule that has shown antiaging and neuroprotective effects in several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. The role of trehalose in the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is yet to be investigated and whether trehalose could be a remedy for the treatment of diseases linked to oxidative stress and NRF2 dysregulation. Here, we showed that incubation of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with trehalose enhanced the mRNA and protein expressions of TFEB, autophagy genes ATG5 and ATG7, as well as protein expressions of macroautophagy markers, LC3B and p62/SQTM1, and the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) receptor LAMP2. Cathepsin D, a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, was also increased by trehalose, indicating higher proteolytic activity. Moreover, trehalose upregulated autophagy flux evident by an increase in the endogenous LC3B level, and accumulation of GFP-LC3B puncta and free GFP fragments in GFP-LC3 - expressing cells in the presence of chloroquine. In addition, the mRNA levels of key molecular targets implicated in RPE damage and AMD, such as vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) A and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), were downregulated, whereas NRF2 was upregulated by trehalose. Subsequently, we mimicked in vitro AMD conditions using hydroquinone (HQ) as the oxidative insult on RPE cells and evaluated the cytoprotective effect of trehalose compared to vehicle treatment. HQ depleted NRF2, increased oxidative stress, and reduced the viability of cells, while trehalose pretreatment protected against HQ-induced toxicity. The cytoprotection by trehalose was dependent on autophagy but not NRF2 activation, since autophagy inhibition by shRNA knockdown of ATG5 led to a loss of the protective effect. The results support the transcriptional upregulation of TFEB and autophagy by trehalose and its protection against HQ-induced oxidative damage in RPE cells. Further investigation is, therefore, warranted into the therapeutic value of trehalose in alleviating AMD and retinal diseases associated with impaired NRF2 antioxidant defense.
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Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Zhang X, Guo Z, Hu J, Shao X, Song N, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang G, Xu C, Wei C. Exogenous spermine attenuates rat diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing ROS-p53 mediated downregulation of calcium-sensitive receptor. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101514. [PMID: 32234613 PMCID: PMC7113441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, manifested as combined diastolic and systolic dysfunction. DCM is associated with impaired calcium homeostasis secondary to decreased calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) expression. Spermine, a direct agonist of CaSR, was found deficient in cardiomyocytes of T1D rats. However, the role of spermine in DCM was unclear. Here, we examined the cardioprotective effect of exogenous spermine on DCM in streptozotocin (STZ) induced-T1D rats and high-glucose (HG)-incubated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Exogenous spermine significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction in T1D rats, characterized by improved echocardiography, less fibrosis, reduced myocardial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, and increased expression of myocardial membrane CaSR. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, exogenous spermine attenuated myocardial injury induced by HG treatment, demonstrated by restored cellular glucose uptake capacity, reduced expression of apoptotic markers, lowered level of oxidative stress, ER stress and unfolded protein response, and upregulated cell membrane CaSR. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effect of spermine appeared dependent upon effective elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulation of CaSR expression by suppressing the Nrf2-ROS-p53-MuRF1 axis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous spermine protects against DCM in vivo and in vitro, partially via suppressing ROS and p53-mediated downregulation of cell membrane CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zuoming Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoting Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ningyang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Kubo H, Asai K, Kojima K, Sugitani A, Kyomoto Y, Okamoto A, Yamada K, Ijiri N, Watanabe T, Hirata K, Kawaguchi T. Astaxanthin Suppresses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema through Nrf2 Activation in Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120673. [PMID: 31795292 PMCID: PMC6950584 DOI: 10.3390/md17120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that astaxanthin protects against oxidative stress via Nrf2. In this study, we investigated the emphysema suppression effect of astaxanthin via Nrf2 in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: control, smoking, astaxanthin, and astaxanthin + smoking. The mice in the smoking and astaxanthin + smoking groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks, and the mice in the astaxanthin and astaxanthin + smoking groups were fed a diet containing astaxanthin. Significantly increased expression levels of Nrf2 and its target gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were found in the lung homogenates of astaxanthin-fed mice. The number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly decreased, and emphysema was significantly suppressed. In conclusion, astaxanthin protects against oxidative stress via Nrf2 and ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Therapy with astaxanthin directed toward activating the Nrf2 pathway has the potential to be a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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25
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Sun X, Chen L, He Z. PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 and Anti-Inflammation Effect of Macrolides in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:301-304. [PMID: 30827233 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190227224748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a systematic inflammatory disease, and smoking is an important risk factor for COPD. Macrolide can reduce COPD inflammation. However, the inflammatory mechanism of COPD remains unclear and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Macrolide is complex and not exactly known. METHODS We read and analysed thirty-eight articles, including original articles and reviews. RESULTS The expression of Nrf2 was lower in COPD patients and might have a protective role against apoptosis caused by CSE-induced oxidative stress. Nrf2 may play an important role in COPD inflammation. Nrf2 is a key factor in downstream of PI3K/Akt and is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Therefore, PI3K/Akt pathway may play an important role in the activation of Nrf2 and COPD inflammation. Macrolide reduces lung and systemic inflammation of COPD by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSION This review indicates that PI3K/Ak-Nrf2 may play an important role in COPD inflammation and macrolides may reduce lung and systemic inflammation of COPD by regulating PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 pathway. However, many crucial and essential questions remain to be answered. Further understanding of the mechanisms of macrolide efficacy and PI3K/Akt-Nrf2-mediated inflammatory responses may provide a new clue for exploring COPD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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Protein Misfolding and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Lung Disease: Will Cell-Specific Targeting Be the Key to the Cure? Chest 2019; 157:1207-1220. [PMID: 31778676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease accounts for a significant global burden with respect to death, disability, and health-care costs. Due to the heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options for these diseases, it is imperative that the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease pathophysiology are further understood. The lung is a complex organ with a diverse cell population, and each cell type will likely have different roles in disease initiation, progression, and resolution. The effectiveness of a given therapeutic agent may depend on the net effect on each of these cell types. Over the past decade, it has been established that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are involved in the development of several chronic lung diseases. These conserved cellular pathways are important for maintaining cellular proteostasis, but their aberrant activation can result in pathology. This review discusses the current understanding of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response at the cellular level in the development and progression of various chronic lung diseases. We highlight the need for increased understanding of the specific cellular contributions of unfolded protein response activation to these pathologies and suggest that the development of cell-specific targeted therapies is likely required to further decrease disease progression and to promote resolution of chronic lung disease.
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27
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Kubo H, Asai K, Kojima K, Sugitani A, Kyomoto Y, Okamoto A, Yamada K, Ijiri N, Watanabe T, Hirata K, Kawaguchi T. Exercise Ameliorates Emphysema Of Cigarette Smoke-Induced COPD In Mice Through The Exercise-Irisin-Nrf2 Axis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2507-2516. [PMID: 31814716 PMCID: PMC6862806 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s226623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Irisin is a type of myokine secreted from the muscle during exercise and acts against oxidative stress via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor with antioxidant properties. Here, we examined the emphysema suppressive effects of the exercise-irisin-Nrf2 axis in mice. Methods Mice were divided into three groups, namely, the control, smoking, and exercise + smoking groups. All mice from the smoking and exercise + smoking groups were exposed to cigarette smoke once a day. The mice from the exercise + smoking group were adapted to a treadmill once a day. To investigate the Nrf2 cascade, after 12 weeks, serum irisin concentration and Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the lung homogenate were determined. To evaluate cigarette smoke-induced COPD, the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), mean linear intercept (MLI), and destructive index in the lung tissue were examined. Results Serum irisin concentration and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the lung homogenate were significantly higher in mice from the exercise + smoking group than in those from the control and smoking groups. The proportion of neutrophils in the BALF was significantly lower in the exercise + smoking group than in the smoking group. The MLI and destructive index were also significantly smaller in mice from the exercise + smoking group than mice from the smoking group. Conclusion Irisin secreted from the muscle during exercise may exert protective effects against oxidative stress via Nrf2 and HO-1, and ameliorate emphysema of cigarette smoke-induced COPD. The exercise-irisin-Nrf2 axis may serve as a novel target for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kojima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arata Sugitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohkoh Kyomoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Ijiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease of human beings characterized by not fully reversible airflow limitation. Emphysema is the main pathological feature of COPD which causes high mortality worldwide every year and consumes a large amount of medical expenses. This paper was to review the establishment and evaluation methods of animal models of emphysema or COPD, and put forward some new ideas on animal selection, method of modeling, and model evaluation. DATA SOURCES The author retrieved information from the PubMed database up to July 2019, using various combinations of search terms, including emphysema, model, and animal. STUDY SELECTION Original articles, reviews, and other articles were searched and reviewed for animal models of emphysema. RESULTS This review summarized animal models of emphysema from the perspectives of animal selection, emphysema mechanism, modeling method and model evaluation, and found that passive smoking is the classic method for developing animal model of emphysema, mice are more suitable for experimental study on emphysema. Compared with pulmonary function indicators, airway inflammation indicators and oxidative stress indicators, pathomorphological indicators of lung tissue are the most important parameters for evaluating the establishment of the animal model of emphysema. CONCLUSIONS Mice model induced by passive smoking is the classic animal model of emphysema. Pathomorphological indicators are the most important parameters for evaluating the establishment of the animal model of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bin Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Kojima K, Asai K, Kubo H, Sugitani A, Kyomoto Y, Okamoto A, Yamada K, Ijiri N, Watanabe T, Hirata K, Kawaguchi T. Isoflavone Aglycones Attenuate Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema via Suppression of Neutrophilic Inflammation in a COPD Murine Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092023. [PMID: 31470503 PMCID: PMC6769447 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease caused by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, increases the number of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils and emphysema. Isoflavone is a polyphenolic compound that exists in soybeans. Daidzein and genistein, two types of isoflavones, have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in various organs. We hypothesized that the daidzein-rich soy isoflavone aglycones (DRIAs) attenuate cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: the (i) control group, (ii) isoflavone group, (iii) smoking group, and (iv) isoflavone + smoking group. The number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airspace enlargement using the mean linear intercept (MLI) were determined 12 weeks after smoking exposure. Expressions of neutrophilic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also examined. In the isoflavone + smoking group, the number of neutrophils in BALF and MLI was significantly less than that in the smoking group. Furthermore, the gene-expressions of TNF-α and CXCL2 (MIP-2) in the isoflavone + smoking group were significantly less than those in the smoking group. Supplementation of the COPD murine model with DRIAs significantly attenuates pathological changes of COPD via suppression of neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kojima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Arata Sugitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yohkoh Kyomoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Atsuko Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Ijiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Chi Y, Di Q, Han G, Li M, Sun B. Mir-29b mediates the regulation of Nrf2 on airway epithelial remodeling and Th1/Th2 differentiation in COPD rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1915-1921. [PMID: 31885483 PMCID: PMC6921304 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD, or Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is an inflammation-related disease and lead to cachexia and muscle wasting. Altered nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression is found in patients of COPD because it is involved in pulmonary protective effects. MiR-29b could be activated by Nrf2. We hypothesized that miR-29b might mediate the regulation of Nrf2 on Th1/Th2 differentiation and airway epithelial remodeling in COPD rats. SD rats were exposed to smoke for COPD induction. Expression of Nrf2 mRNA and miR-29b in lung tissues was quantified. Expression of Nrf2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) were also detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Th1 markers and Th2 markers were measured by ELISA in peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to detect the Th1/Th2 ratio. miR-29b and Nrf2 was manipulated at mRNA level in A549 cells using transfection. Cellular growth and migration were measured in transfectants. In lung tissues of COPD rats, expression of Nrf2 and miR-29b decreased. MMP2, a target of miR-29b, had an opposite expression to miR-29b in peripheral blood. Levels of inflammatory factors and Th1/Th2 ratio increased. MiR-29b mediated the regulation of Nrf2 on remodeling of lung epithelial cells. Blocking Nrf2 expression in A549 cells led to the opposite expression of miR-29b and further decreased MMP2 production; meanwhile, cell growth and motility were improved. Different miR-29b levels affected MMP2 expression and cellular characteristics. The findings suggested that miR-29b was a regulator the pathological progress of COPD. It mediates the effect of Nrf2 on Th1/Th2 differentiation and on remodeling process of airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Chi
- Respiratory Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Qingguo Di
- Respiratory Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Respiratory Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Min Li
- Respiratory Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Baohua Sun
- Respiratory Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
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Sugitani A, Asai K, Watanabe T, Suzumura T, Kojima K, Kubo H, Sato K, Ijiri N, Yamada K, Kimura T, Fukumoto S, Hirata K, Kawaguchi T. A Polymorphism rs6726395 in Nrf2 Contributes to the Development of Emphysema-Associated Age in Smokers Without COPD. Lung 2019; 197:559-564. [PMID: 31297601 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) contribute to airflow limitations in smokers without COPD. Although small airway lesions and emphysema contribute cooperatively to airflow limitation, the relationship between Nrf2 SNPs and the development of emphysema in smokers without COPD is not well understood. METHODS Healthy subjects who underwent an annual health checkup with computed tomography (CT) of the chest at Osaka City University Hospital were prospectively recruited. The percentage of low-attenuation area (%LAA) on chest CT was quantified, and correlations between %LAA, Nrf2 SNP [rs6726395 (G/A)] genotypes, and clinical characteristics were examined. RESULTS A total of 245 subjects without COPD [non-/light-smoker: 153 (62.4%) and smoker: 92 (37.6%)] were enrolled. The %LAA in the upper lung field was higher than that in the lower lung field (p < 0.001). The %LAA in smokers was significantly higher than that in non-/light-smokers (p = 0.021). The %LAA showed significant but weak correlation with age in all subjects (r = 0.141, p = 0.028). Divided by genotype, the %LAA of the upper lung field was significantly correlated with age in smokers with genotype GG (wild type) (r = 0.333, p = 0.022), but was not significantly correlated with age in smokers with genotype AG/AA. These correlations were not observed in non-/light smokers. CONCLUSION A polymorphism rs6726395 in Nrf2 can contribute to the development of emphysema-associated aging in smokers. The Nrf2 SNP may be a predictive factor for smoking-induced emphysema, and genotyping of Nrf2 SNP may serve as biomarker for emphysema prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sugitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - T Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Suzumura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kojima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Ijiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Fukumoto
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Lin L, Hou G, Han D, Kang J, Wang Q. Ursolic Acid Protected Lung of Rats From Damage Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:700. [PMID: 31281258 PMCID: PMC6595172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We found previously that ursolic acid (UA) administration could alleviate cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in rats partly through the unfolded protein response (UPR) PERK-CHOP and Nrf2 pathways, thus alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. We hypothesized that other UPR pathways may play similar roles in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced emphysema. So, we sought to investigate the dynamic changes and effects of UPR and the downstream apoptotic pathways. Further, we investigated whether UA could alleviate CSE-induced emphysema and airway remodelling in rats, whether and when it exerts its effects through UPR pathways as well as Smads pathways. Methods: One hundred eight Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group, CSE group, and UA group, and each group was further divided into three subgroups, administered CSE (vehicle) for 2, 3, or 4 weeks; each subgroup had 12 rats. We examined pathological changes, analyzed the three UPR signaling pathways and subsequent ERS, intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway indicators, as well as activation of Smad2,3 molecules in rat lungs. Results: Exposure to CSE for 3 or 4 weeks could apparently induce emphysema and airway remodeling in rats, including gross and microscopic changes, alteration of mean alveolar number (MAN), mean linear intercept (MLI), and mean airway thickness in lung tissue sections. UA intervention could significantly alleviate CSE-induced emphysema and airway remodeling in rats. UA exerted its effects through ameliorating apoptosis by down regulating UPR signalling pathways and subsequent apoptosis pathways, as well as, downregulating p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 molecules. Conclusions: UA attenuated CSE-induced emphysema and airway remodeling, exerting its effects partly through regulation of three UPR pathways, amelioration downstream apoptotic pathways, and alleviating activation of Smad2 and Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Somborac-Bačura A, Rumora L, Novak R, Rašić D, Dumić J, Čepelak I, Žanić-Grubišić T. Differential expression of heat shock proteins and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1666-1678. [PMID: 30242929 DOI: 10.1113/ep087038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of cigarette smoke on cell death, oxidative damage, expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in A549 alveolar epithelial cells? What is the main finding and its importance? Cigarette smoke induces cytotoxicity and oxidative damage to A549 cells, increases expression of different HSPs and activates MAPK signalling pathways. This could be related to inflammatory response and apoptosis observed in lungs of patients with smoking-related diseases. ABSTRACT Cigarette smoking is one of the main risk factors for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously reported that cigarette smoke (CS) induces damage to proteins and their ineffective degradation. Here, we hypothesize that CS could induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells through alterations of heat shock protein (HSP) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. We exposed A549 alveolar epithelial cells to various concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Higher concentrations of CSE caused apoptosis of A549 cells after 4 h, while after 24 h cell viability was decreased, and lactate dehydrogenase in cell culture medium was increased as well as the number of necrotic cells. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated, while total thiol groups were decreased. Changes in the expression of HSPs (HSP70, HSP32 and HSP27) were time-dependent. After 6 h, CSE caused an increase in the expression of HSP70 and HSP32, while after 8 h all examined HSPs were up-regulated and remained increased up to 48 h. Treatment of A549 cells with CSE stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 in a dose-dependent manner, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation was not detected. By using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that MAPKs and HSPs interplay in CSE effects. In conclusion, our results show that MAPKs and HSPs are involved in the mechanism underlying CSE-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage to A549 alveolar epithelial cells. These processes could be related to inflammatory response and apoptosis observed in lungs of patients with smoking-related diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Somborac-Bačura
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, University of Zagreb, Kneza Domagoja, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Rumora
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, University of Zagreb, Kneza Domagoja, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruđer Novak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerka Dumić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Čepelak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, University of Zagreb, Kneza Domagoja, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Žanić-Grubišić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, University of Zagreb, Kneza Domagoja, Zagreb, Croatia
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Polverino F, Celli BR, Owen CA. COPD as an endothelial disorder: endothelial injury linking lesions in the lungs and other organs? (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018758528. [PMID: 29468936 PMCID: PMC5826015 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018758528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic expiratory airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. COPD patients develop varying degrees of emphysema, small and large airway disease, and various co-morbidities. It has not been clear whether these co-morbidities share common underlying pathogenic processes with the pulmonary lesions. Early research into the pathogenesis of COPD focused on the contributions of injury to the extracellular matrix and pulmonary epithelial cells. More recently, cigarette smoke-induced endothelial dysfunction/injury have been linked to the pulmonary lesions in COPD (especially emphysema) and systemic co-morbidities including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic renal injury. Herein, we review the evidence linking endothelial injury to COPD, and the pathways underlying endothelial injury and the "vascular COPD phenotype" including: (1) direct toxic effects of cigarette smoke on endothelial cells; (2) generation of auto-antibodies directed against endothelial cells; (3) vascular inflammation; (4) increased oxidative stress levels in vessels inducing increases in lipid peroxidation and increased activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE); (5) reduced activation of the anti-oxidant pathways in endothelial cells; (6) increased endothelial cell release of mediators with vasoconstrictor, pro-inflammatory, and remodeling activities (endothelin-1) and reduced endothelial cell expression of mediators that promote vasodilation and homeostasis of endothelial cells (nitric oxide synthase and prostacyclin); and (7) increased endoplasmic reticular stress and the unfolded protein response in endothelial cells. We also review the literature on studies of drugs that inhibit RAGE signaling in other diseases (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers), or vasodilators developed for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension that have been tested on cell culture systems, animal models of COPD, and/or smokers and COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bartolome R. Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Ng Kee Kwong F, Nicholson AG, Harrison CL, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Is mitochondrial dysfunction a driving mechanism linking COPD to nonsmall cell lung carcinoma? Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:170040. [PMID: 29070578 PMCID: PMC9488999 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0040-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at increased risk of developing nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, irrespective of their smoking history. Although the mechanisms behind this observation are not clear, established drivers of carcinogenesis in COPD include oxidative stress and sustained chronic inflammation. Mitochondria are critical in these two processes and recent evidence links increased oxidative stress in COPD patients to mitochondrial damage. We therefore postulate that mitochondrial damage in COPD patients leads to increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of carcinogenesis.The functional state of the mitochondrion is dependent on the balance between its biogenesis and degradation (mitophagy). Dysfunctional mitochondria are a source of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation. In COPD, there is impaired translocation of the ubiquitin-related degradation molecule Parkin following activation of the Pink1 mitophagy pathway, resulting in excessive dysfunctional mitochondria. We hypothesise that deranged pathways in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in COPD can account for the increased risk in carcinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, animal models exposed to cigarette smoke and developing emphysema and lung cancer should be developed. In the future, the use of mitochondria-based antioxidants should be studied as an adjunct with the aim of reducing the risk of COPD-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Ng Kee Kwong
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dept of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dept of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Chang WH, Thai P, Xu J, Yang DC, Wu R, Chen CH. Cigarette Smoke Regulates the Competitive Interactions between NRF2 and BACH1 for Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112386. [PMID: 29125538 PMCID: PMC5713355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been shown to trigger aberrant signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying smoke-induced gene expression remain to be established. Herein, we observed that two smoke-responsive genes, HO-1 and CYP1A1, are robustly induced upon smoke by different mechanisms in human bronchial epithelia. CYP1A1 is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, while induction of HO-1 is regulated by oxidative stress, and suppressed by N-acetylcysteine treatment. In light of a pivotal role of NRF2 and BACH1 in response to oxidative stress and regulation of HO-1, we examined if smoke-induced HO-1 expression is modulated through the NRF2/BACH1 axis. We demonstrated that smoke causes significant nuclear translocation of NRF2, but only a slight decrease in nuclear BACH1. Knockdown of NRF2 attenuated smoke-induced HO-1 expression while down-regulation of BACH1 had stimulatory effects on both basal and smoke-induced HO-1 with trivial influence on NRF2 nuclear translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that smoke augments promoter-specific DNA binding of NRF2 but suppresses BACH1 binding to the HO-1 promoter ARE sites, two of which at −1.0 kb and −2.6 kb are newly identified. These results suggest that the regulation of NRF2 activator and BACH1 repressor binding to the ARE sites are critical for smoke-mediated HO-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Philip Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jihao Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David C Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Reen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yonchuk JG, Foley JP, Bolognese BJ, Logan G, Wixted WE, Kou JP, Chalupowicz DG, Feldser HG, Sanchez Y, Nie H, Callahan JF, Kerns JK, Podolin PL. Characterization of the Potent, Selective Nrf2 Activator, 3-(Pyridin-3-Ylsulfonyl)-5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2H-Chromen-2-One, in Cellular and In Vivo Models of Pulmonary Oxidative Stress. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:114-125. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.241794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Sugiyama Y, Asai K, Yamada K, Kureya Y, Ijiri N, Watanabe T, Kanazawa H, Hirata K. Decreased levels of irisin, a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine, are related to emphysema associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:765-772. [PMID: 28424548 PMCID: PMC5344413 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s126233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking-induced oxidant–antioxidant imbalance is a factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD through epithelial cell apoptosis. Irisin is a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine associated with physical activity. Irisin is also known to decrease oxidant-induced apoptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the correlation between irisin and emphysema in COPD and its role in epithelial cell apoptosis remains unknown. Subjects and methods Forty patients with COPD were enrolled in this study. Pulmonary function tests and measurements of the percentage of low-attenuation area on high-resolution computed tomography images were performed, and the results were evaluated for correlation with serum irisin levels. The effect of irisin on cigarette-smoke extract-induced A549 cell apoptosis and the expression of Nrf2, a transcription factor for antioxidants, was also examined in vitro. Results Serum irisin levels were significantly correlated with lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide divided by alveolar volume (r=0.56, P<0.01) and percentage of low-attenuation area (r=−0.79, P<0.01). Moreover, irisin significantly enhanced Nrf2 expression (P<0.05) and reduced cigarette-smoke extract-induced A549 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion Decreased serum irisin levels are related to emphysema in patients with COPD and involved in epithelial apoptosis, resulting in emphysema. Irisin could be a novel treatment for emphysema in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Sugiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kureya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Ijiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanazawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Zarcone MC, van Schadewijk A, Duistermaat E, Hiemstra PS, Kooter IM. Diesel exhaust alters the response of cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Respir Res 2017; 18:27. [PMID: 28129777 PMCID: PMC5273858 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both bacterial infections, such as those with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and exposures to diesel engine emissions are known to contribute to exacerbations in COPD patients. However, the effect of diesel exhaust (DE) exposure on the epithelial response to microbial stimulation is incompletely understood, and possible differences in the response to DE of epithelial cells from COPD patients and controls have not been studied. METHODS Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were obtained from age-matched COPD patients (n = 7) and controls (n = 5). PBEC were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to achieve mucociliary differentiation. ALI-PBECs were apically exposed for 1 h to a stream of freshly generated whole DE or air. Exposure was followed by 3 h incubation in presence or absence of UV-inactivated NTHi before analysis of epithelial gene expression. RESULTS DE alone induced an increase in markers of oxidative stress (HMOX1, 50-100-fold) and of the integrated stress response (CHOP, 1.5-2-fold and GADD34, 1.5-fold) in cells from both COPD patients and controls. Exposure of COPD cultures to DE followed by NTHi caused an additive increase in GADD34 expression (up to 3-fold). Importantly, DE caused an inhibition of the NTHi-induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide S100A7, and of the chaperone protein HSP5A/BiP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that DE exposure of differentiated primary airway epithelial cells causes activation of the gene expression of HMOX1 and markers of integrated stress response to a similar extent in cells from COPD donors and controls. Furthermore, DE further increased the NTHi-induced expression of GADD34, indicating a possible enhancement of the integrated stress response. DE reduced the NTHi-induced expression of S100A7. These data suggest that DE exposure may cause adverse health effects in part by decreasing host defense against infection and by modulating stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Zarcone
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie van Schadewijk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fratta Pasini AM, Ferrari M, Stranieri C, Vallerio P, Mozzini C, Garbin U, Zambon G, Cominacini L. Nrf2 expression is increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from mild-moderate ex-smoker COPD patients with persistent oxidative stress. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1733-43. [PMID: 27555763 PMCID: PMC4968670 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequacy of antioxidant nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated unfolded protein response has been implicated in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cigarette smoking-induced emphysema. As evidence suggests that the ability to upregulate Nrf2 expression may influence the progression of COPD and no data exist up to now in ex-smokers with mild-moderate COPD, this study was first aimed to evaluate Nrf2 and unfolded protein response expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of mild-moderate ex-smokers with COPD compared to smoking habit-matched non-COPD subjects. Then, we tested whether oxidative stress persists after cigarette smoking cessation and whether the concentrations of oxidized phospholipids (oxidation products of the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine [oxPAPC]) in the PBMC of the same subjects may have a causative role in determining the upregulation of Nrf2. The expression (mRNA and protein) of Nrf2 and of its related gene heme oxygenase-1 was significantly increased in COPD group without differences in the unfolded protein response. Plasma malondialdehyde, the circulating marker of oxidative stress, and oxPAPC in PBMC were significantly higher in COPD than in non-COPD subjects. The fact that the expression of p47phox, a subunit of NADPH oxidase, was increased in PBMC of COPD patients and that it was directly correlated with oxPAPC may indicate that oxPAPC may be one of the determinants of oxidative stress-induced Nrf2 upregulation. Finally, we also demonstrated that lung function inversely correlated with plasma malondialdehyde and with Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression in all subjects. Our results indicate that mild-moderate ex-smokers with COPD may be able to counteract oxidative stress by increasing the expression of Nrf2/antioxidant-response elements. Because Nrf2 failure significantly contributes to the development of COPD, our findings suggest that the possibility to prevent Nrf2 reduction may open a new scenario in helping to prevent the oxidative stress-associated lung function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcello Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ulisse Garbin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine
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