CoQ10 ameliorates monosodium glutamate-induced alteration in detrusor activity and responsiveness in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and channel inhibiting mechanisms

The influence of dietary Coenzyme Q10 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal histology, immune-antioxidant gene expression and disease resistance of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with CoQ10 at concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg for 56 days. The results indicated that dietary CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly affect final body weight (FBW), survival rate (SR), weight gain (WG), feed rate (FR), viscerosomatic index (VSI) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) among all experimental groups. However, the highest FBW, WG and SR were found in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 markedly improved feed efficiency (FE) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The crude lipids in the body and triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were obviously lower in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group than in the control group. For digestive enzymes, protease activity in the intestine was markedly boosted in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. The serum activities of SOD, CAT and GST in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 efficiently enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased. No significant histological changes in the liver were identified in any group. Dietary supplementation with 120 mg/kg CoQ10 improved antioxidant capacity and immunity by upregulating the expression of cyp1a, sod, gst, lysC, igma1, igmb1 and irf3 in the liver. Furthermore, the cumulative survival rate of juvenile European eel against challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly elevated in the 80 and 120 mg/kg CoQ10 supplemented groups. Conclusively, our study suggested that supplementing the diet of juvenile European eel with CoQ10 at a concentration of 120 mg/kg could promote their feed utilization, fat reduction, antioxidant capacity, digestibility, immune-antioxidant gene expression and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila without negative effects on fish health status.

Berberine alleviates monosodium glutamate induced postnatal metabolic disorders associated vascular endothelial dysfunction in newborn rats: possible role of matrix metalloproteinase-1

Excessive food additives Monosodium glutamate (MSG) results in metabolic disorders with increased Cardiovascular diseases CVD. We aimed to emphasise berberine (BBR) effect on MSG induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated endothelial dysfunction. Newborn rats were divided into control group, MSG group (4 mg/g) each other day for the first 14 days of life and MSG + BBR group that was given MSG then BBR in dose 150 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Body weight, food intake, systolic blood pressure, biochemical metabolic and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Aortic tissue homogenate Endothelin -1 (ET-1) and matrix metalloproteinase -1 (MMP-1) assessment, in addition to histological and EM examination were done. Newborn rats MSG exposure results in typical adult life MetS and oxidative stress with significant increase in ET-1 and MMP-1with aortic vasculopathy. BBR significantly improved all the disturbed parameters; suppress increased body weight (BW), food intake (FI) and partly improved the aortic vasculopathy lesions, holding a promise for BBR as a defending agent against MSG metabolic and vascular disorders.HIGH LIGHT MSGMSG is frequently consumed as a flavour enhancer especially between children and adolescentExcessive utilisation MSG is associated MS with vascular endothelial dysfunctionMMP-1 may be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formationBBR has beneficial outcome for metabolic disorders induced by MSG among newly born ratsBBR has a role in management vascular inflammation and remodelling.

Countering adipose tissue dysfunction could underlie the superiority of telmisartan in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of hypertension and obesity has increased significantly in recent decades. Hypertension and obesity often coexist, and both are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Obese hypertensive patients usually require special anti-hypertensive treatment strategy due to the increased risk of treatment resistance. Molecules that can target both obesity and hypertension underlying pathologies should get more attention. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of telmisartan, with special interest in visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, in obesity-related hypertension rat model.

METHODS

Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were equally divided into: 1-Control group (fed normal laboratory diet for 24 weeks), 2-Diet-induced obesity group (DIO, fed high fat diet for 24 weeks), and 3-Diet-induced obesity treated with telmisartan group (DIO + Tel, fed high fat diet and received telmisartan for 24 weeks). At the end of the study, anthropometrical parameters were evaluated. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum lipids, adipokines, cardiac, renal, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Kidneys were removed and used for histopathological studies, and visceral adipose tissue was utilized for histopathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR studies.

RESULTS

High fat diet resulted in obesity-related changes in anthropometrical parameters, elevation of blood pressure, increase in heart rate, higher serum levels of cardiac, inflammatory and kidney function biomarkers, with altered serum lipids, adipokines and oxidative stress markers. Morphological changes (H&E and PAS-stained sections) were noticed in kidneys and visceral adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR studies confirmed adipose tissue dysfunction and over-expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins. Telmisartan countered obesity-induced alterations in cardiovascular, renal, and adipose tissue functions.

CONCLUSION

Adipose tissue dysfunction could be the core pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension. Besides its anti-hypertensive effect, telmisartan had profound actions on visceral adipose tissue structure and function. Attention should be given to polymodal molecules targeting adipose tissue-related disorders.

Liposome/gold hybrid nanoparticle encoded with CoQ10 (LGNP-CoQ10) suppressed rheumatoid arthritis via STAT3/Th17 targeting

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone, is a fat-soluble antioxidant. Although CoQ10 has not been approved as medication by the Food and Drug Administration, it is widely used in dietary supplements. Some studies have shown that CoQ10 has anti-inflammatory effects on various autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of liposome/gold hybrid nanoparticles encoded with CoQ10 (LGNP-CoQ10). Both CoQ10 and LGNP-CoQ10 were administered orally to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) for 10 weeks. The inflammation pathology of joint tissues of CIA mice was then analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin O staining, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. We obtained immunofluorescence staining images of spleen tissues using confocal microscopy. We found that pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in LGNP-CoQ10 injected mice. Th17 cell and phosphorylated STAT3-expressed cell populations were also decreased in LGNP-CoQ10 injected mice. When human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with CoQ10 and LGNP-CoQ10, the IL-17 expression of PBMCs in the LGNP-CoQ10-treated group was significantly reduced. Together, these results suggest that LGNP-CoQ10 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Activation of FoxO1/SIRT1/RANKL/OPG pathway may underlie the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on aging-dependent male osteoporosis

Background

Age-dependent male osteoporosis remains a poorly studied medical problem despite its significance. It is estimated that at least 1 of 5 men will suffer from osteoporotic consequences. Given that multiple mechanisms are involved in the process of senescence, much attention has been given to compounds with polymodal actions. To challenge such a health problem, we tested here the therapeutic potential of resveratrol in male osteoporosis. We also studied the possible molecular mechanisms that may underlie resveratrol effects.

Methods

Thirty male Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Rats were divided (10/group) into: control (3–4 months old weighing 150–200 g receiving vehicle), aged (18–20 months old, weighing 350–400 g and receiving vehicle), and resveratrol treated aged (18–20 months old, weighing 350–400 g and receiving resveratrol 20 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) groups. Assessment of serum calcium, phosphate, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and rat femur gene expression of FoxO1, SIRT1, RANKL and OPG proteins was carried out. Histopathological assessment of different levels of rat femur was also performed.

Results

Age-dependent osteoporosis resulted in significant increase in serum levels of phosphate, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, hsCRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, NO, and RANKL gene expression. However, there was significant decrease in serum level of GSH, and gene expression of FoxO1, SIRT1 and OPG. Osteoporotic changes were seen in femur epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis. Resveratrol restored significantly age-dependent osteoporotic changes.

Conclusion

We concluded that resveratrol can play an important role in the prevention of male osteoporosis. Resveratrol can counter the molecular changes in male osteoporosis via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and gene modifying effects.