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Foláyan MNO, de Barros Coelho EMR, Feldens CA, Gaffar B, Virtanen JI, Kemoli A, Duangthip D, Sun IG, Masumo RM, Vukovic A, Al-Batayneh OB, Mfolo T, Schroth RJ, El Tantawi M. A scoping review on the associations between early childhood caries and sustainable cities and communities using the sustainable development goal 11 framework. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:751. [PMID: 38943110 PMCID: PMC11214204 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease in which environmental factors could play a role. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the published literature that assessed the association between the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which tried to make cities and human settlements safe, inclusive, resilient and sustainable, and ECC. METHODS This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. In July 2023, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using tailored search terms related to housing, urbanization, waste management practices, and ECC. Studies that solely examined ECC prevalence without reference to SDG11 goals were excluded. Of those that met the inclusion criteria, a summary highlighting the countries and regions where the studies were conducted, the study designs employed, and the findings were done. In addition, the studies were also linked to relevant SDG11 targets. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria with none from the African Region. Six studies assessed the association between housing and ECC, with findings suggesting that children whose parents owned a house had lower ECC prevalence and severity. Other house related parameters explored were size, number of rooms, cost and building materials used. The only study on the relationship between the prevalence of ECC and waste management modalities at the household showed no statistically significant association. Five studies identified a relationship between urbanization and ECC (urbanization, size, and remoteness of the residential) with results suggesting that there was no significant link between ECC and urbanization in high-income countries contrary to observations in low and middle-income countries. No study assessed the relationship between living in slums, natural disasters and ECC. We identified links between ECC and SDG11.1 and SDG 11.3. The analysis of the findings suggests a plausible link between ECC and SDG11C (Supporting least developed countries to build resilient buildings). CONCLUSION There are few studies identifying links between ECC and SDG11, with the findings suggesting the possible differences in the impact of urbanization on ECC by country income-level and home ownership as a protective factor from ECC. Further research is needed to explore measures of sustainable cities and their links with ECC within the context of the SDG11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morẹ Nikẹ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Elisa Maria Rosa de Barros Coelho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arthur Kemoli
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ray M Masumo
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Nutrition, Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ana Vukovic
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tshepiso Mfolo
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Akinkugbe AA, Midya V, Duffy J, Landero J, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Metal mixtures and oral health among children and adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2017-2020. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114335. [PMID: 38330728 PMCID: PMC10939733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is the most common non-communicable human disease, yet little is known about the role of environmental metals, despite teeth consisting of a hard matrix of trace elements. We conducted a cross-sectional study of associations between environmental metals and objective assessment of dental caries and subjective assessments of oral health among a representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents. METHODS Data were from the 2017-March 2020 pre-pandemic data file of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To account for metal mixtures, we used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the joint impact of multiple trace elements assessed in blood and urine with oral disease outcomes. RESULTS The blood metal mixture index was associated with a 32% (95% CI: 1.11, 1.56) increased risk of decayed surfaces while the urine metal mixture index was associated with a 106%, RR (95% CI = 2.06 (1.58, 2.70) increased caries risk. For both blood and urine, Mercury (Hg) had the largest contribution to the mixture index followed by Lead (Pb). The WQS blood metal mixture index was also significantly associated with poorer self-rated oral health, although the magnitude of the association was not as strong as for the objective oral disease measures, RR (95% CI) = 1.04 (1.02, 1.07). DISCUSSION Increased exposure to a metal mixture was significantly related to poorer objective and subjective oral health outcomes among U.S. children and adolescents. These are among the first findings showing that metal mixtures are a significant contributor to poor oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akinkugbe
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - V Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Duffy
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Landero
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Boskabady M, Ghorani V, Beigoli S, Boskabady MH. The effects of environmental lead on teeth and bone status and the mechanisms of these effects, animal and human evidence, a review. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2026398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chang TJ, Lai WQ, Chang YF, Wang CL, Yang DM. Development and optimization of heavy metal lead biosensors in biomedical and environmental applications. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:745-753. [PMID: 34225337 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental impact of the heavy metal lead (Pb) on human health has been studied for years. The fact that Pb impairs human body has been established from countless painful and sad historical events. Nowadays, World Health Organization and many developmental countries have established regulations concerning the use of Pb. Measuring the blood lead level (BLL) is so far the only way to officially evaluate the degree of Pb exposure, but the so-called safety value (10 μg/dL in adults and 5 μg/dL in children) seems unreliable to represent the security checkpoint for children through daily intake of drinking water or physical contact with a lower contaminated level of Pb contents. In general, unsolved mysteries about the Pb toxicological mechanisms still remain. In this review article, we report on the methods to prevent Pb poison for further Pb toxicological research. We establish high-sensitivity Pb monitoring, and also report on the use of fluorescent biosensors such as genetically-encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors built for various large demands such as the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We also contribute to the development and optimization of the FRET-based Pb biosensors. Our well-performed version of Met-lead 1.44 M1 has achieved a limit of detection of 10 nM (2 ppb; 0.2 μg/dL) and almost 5-fold in dynamic range (DR) supported for the real practical applications-that is, the in-cell Pb sensing device for blood and blood-related samples, and the Pb environmental detections in vitro. The perspective of our powerful Pb biosensor incorporated with a highly sensitive bio-chip of the portable device for quick Pb measurements will be addressed for further manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Jay Chang
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Qun Lai
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Habibian A, Abyadeh M, Abyareh M, Rahimi Kakavandi N, Habibian A, Khakpash M, Ghazi-Khansari M. Association of maternal lead exposure with the risk of preterm: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7222-7230. [PMID: 34210236 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1946780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between maternal lead level and risk of preterm birth (PTB) remained controversial. Therefore, herein we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the association of maternal blood, urine and cord blood lead level with the risk of PTB using observational studies. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid Medline databases from inception to August 2019, and sixteen studies with 65600 participants investigating the association between maternal lead level and PTB were included in our meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the highest versus lowest lead level by random-effects model. RESULTS Overall, the pooled OR of all included articles for the highest versus lowest PTB score was 1.29 (95% CI = 1.14-1.46; I2 = 80.4%, p < .001), and the results revealed a direct and significant relationship between second and third trimester blood lead level (BLL) and PTB (OR 2nd trimester= 1.61, 95% CI = 1.08-2.40, OR 3rd trimester= 1.57, 95% CI = 1.11-2.23). CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis showed that maternal BLL is directly associated with the risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Habibian
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Abyareh
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nader Rahimi Kakavandi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Habibian
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Khakpash
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vo TTT, Wu CZ, Lee IT. Potential effects of noxious chemical-containing fine particulate matter on oral health through reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress: Promising clues. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114286. [PMID: 33069666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, air pollution which is dominated by fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization combined with population explosion has become more and more severe problem to mankind and the whole planet because of its diversity of deleterious effects. The latest data estimated that exposure to fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, contributes to approximately 4 million deaths worldwide due to cardiopulmonary conditions such as heart disease and stroke, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease and lung cancer. During recent years, there has been growing concern about the adverse effects of this global threat on oral health which is one of key components of general health and quality of life. Although a few studies have reported such possible association, the findings are still far from conclusion. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To our knowledge, the analysis of literature regarding this scope has yet been published. Thus, current work systematically assesses existing evidences on the potential association between exposure to PM2.5 and the development of various oral diseases as well as figures out the plausible paradigm of PM2.5-induced damages in the oral cavity through its toxic chemical constituents along with its ability to induce oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species production. This might partially provide the clues for new research ideas and progression in the field of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang S, Huo X, Li M, Hou R, Cong X, Xu X. Oral antimicrobial activity weakened in children with electronic waste lead exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14763-14770. [PMID: 32056098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental lead (Pb) exposure can induce dysbacteriosis, impair oral health, and is associated with the development of dental caries. However, the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Pb toxicity on oral antimicrobial activity in children in an e-waste area. Results showed higher blood Pb levels in e-waste-exposed group children, accompanied by decreased saliva SAG (salivary agglutinin) concentrations, increased peripheral WBC (white blood cell) counts and monocyte counts, and elevated peripheral monocyte percentage. LnPb (natural logarithmic transformation of blood Pb level) was negatively correlated with saliva SAG concentration, while positively correlated with peripheral monocyte percentage. Saliva SAG concentration played a complete mediating role in the correlation of LnPb to peripheral monocyte percentage. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the relationship of environmental Pb exposure and oral antimicrobial activity in children, showing that environmental Pb exposure may weaken oral antimicrobial activity through reducing saliva SAG concentration, which may raise the risk of oral dysbacteriosis and ultimately pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruikun Hou
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Cong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Hou R, Huo X, Zhang S, Xu C, Huang Y, Xu X. Elevated levels of lead exposure and impact on the anti-inflammatory ability of oral sialic acids among preschool children in e-waste areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134380. [PMID: 31678878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The oral health of preschool children in an electronic waste (e-waste) area is susceptible to lead (Pb) exposure increasing the risk of dental caries and causing periodontitis and other oral diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between chronic exposure to Pb and oral anti-inflammatory potential of preschool children. For this analysis, 574 preschool children from 2.5 to 6 years of age were recruited between November and December 2017, in which 357 preschool children were from Guiyu (n = 357), an e-waste-contaminated town, and 217 from Haojiang Shantou. We measured the levels of child blood Pb, salivary sialic acid, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and investigated the prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth. The medians of blood Pb levels, serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the Guiyu children than in Haojiang children. Concomitantly, salivary sialic acids were lower in the Guiyu children [9.58 (3.97, 18.42) mg/dL] than in Haojiang [17.57 (5.95, 24.23) mg/dL]. Additionally, the prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was significantly higher in the Guiyu children than in Haojiang (62.5% vs. 53.9%). Blood Pb levels were negatively correlated with salivary sialic acids, in which IL-6 played as a mediator of the association between blood Pb levels and saliva sialic acid concentrations according to the mediation model. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential association between chronic Pb exposure and the anti-inflammatory ability of oral sialic acids among preschool children. These results suggest that the chronic Pb exposure can reduce salivary sialic acid levels, attenuate oral anti-inflammatory potential and increase the potential risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth among preschool children in an e-waste site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Hou
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijing Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Role of lead in dental diseases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:329-361. [PMID: 33382012 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1834313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in our environment and causes many pathophysiological health effects, including dental diseases. Dental Pb levels are considered good biological indicators of environmental and occupational Pb exposure. Pb in blood and saliva causes imbalances in the growth of oral microflora. The pH of saliva decreases, interferes with and interacts with bone-seeking elements, changes oral inflammatory parameters, generates reactive oxygen species, causes oxidative damage, and delays the mineralization process, leading to dental diseases. Pb's dental diseases include periodontitis, enamel lesions and defects, fluorosis, Burton's line, and tooth loss. Environmental and physiological factors, including age, gender, tooth type and position, pregnancy and lactation, eating and drinking habits, smoking habits, and exposures from Pb-contaminated residential and occupational areas, affect the distribution of Pb in blood, bone, and saliva, which contributes to dental diseases. However, living and working in Pb free areas can prevent environmental and occupational Pb exposure. Healthy lifestyles and eating habits, prohibiting smoking and alcohol drinking, further help prevent Pb exposure. Also, the fluoridation of water, salt, and milk provide nutritional supplements of trace elements, which can help prevent teeth from absorbing Pb from the environment, thereby reducing the risk of dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Schroth RJ, Kemoli AM, Gaffar B, Amalia R, Feldens CA. Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:196. [PMID: 32509710 PMCID: PMC7248316 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental issues lead to serious health problems in young growing children. This study aims to determine the association between a country's level of environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: This was an ecological study. The data for the explanatory variables-country-level environmental performance index (EPI), environmental health, and ecosystem vitality-were obtained from the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy. The outcome variables were country-level prevalence of ECC in 0- to 2-year-old and 3- to 5-year-old children. The country EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality were matched with country ECC prevalence for 0- to 2-year-olds and 3- to 5-year-olds for the period of 2007 to 2017. Differences in the variables by country income level were determined using ANOVA. Multivariate ANOVA was used to determine the association between ECC prevalence in 0- to 2-year-olds and 3- to 5-year-olds, and EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality, adjusting for each country's per-capita gross national income. Results: Thirty-seven countries had complete data on ECC in 0- to 2-year-old and 3- to 5-year-old children, EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality scores. There were significant differences in ECC prevalence of 0- to 2-year-olds and 3- to 5-year-olds between countries with different income levels. Also, there were significant differences in EPI (P < 0.0001), environmental health score (P < 0.0001), and ecosystem vitality (P = 0.01) score by country income levels. High-income countries had significantly higher EPI scores than did low-income countries (P = 0.001), lower-middle-income countries (P < 0.0001), and upper-middle-income countries (P < 0.0001). There was an inverse non-significant relationship between ECC prevalence and EPI in 0- to 2-year-olds (B = -0.06; P = 0.84) and 3- to 5-year-olds (B = -0.30; P = 0.50), and ecosystem vitality in 0- to 2-year-olds (B = -0.55, P = 0.08) and 3- to 5-year-olds (B = -0.96; P = 0.02). Environmental health was directly and non-significantly associated with ECC in 0- to 2-year-olds (B = 0.20; P = 0.23) and 3- to 5-year-olds (B = 0.22; P = 0.32). Conclusions: There was a complex relationship between various indicators of environmental performance and ECC prevalence. The association with EPI and ecosystem vitality was inverse whereas the association with environmental health was direct. Only the inverse association with ecosystem vitality in 3-5 year old children was significant. There may be higher risk of ECC with greater economic development, industrialization, and urbanization, while better ecosystem vitality may offer protection against ECC through the rational use of resources, healthy life choices, and preventive health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Amalia
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Carlos A Feldens
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
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Primary teeth microhardness and lead (Pb) levels. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01551. [PMID: 31049448 PMCID: PMC6484203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with dental caries. Whether Pb affects tooth microhardness, is unclear. Our objective was to assess whether Pb concentration is associated with microhardness. Methods Exfoliated primary teeth were collected from 46 volunteers. Teeth were sectioned, one half of each tooth was tested for enamel Knoop microhardness. The remaining half was digested and Pb measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Results The correlations between Pb levels and microhardness were very low, and were not statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusions Previous exposure to high levels of Pb was not associated with decreased tooth microhardness. Clinical significance This study assessed whether Pb in deciduous teeth is associated with tooth microhardness. As this was not the case, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms behind the association between lead exposure and tooth decay.
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Wu Y, Jansen EC, Peterson KE, Foxman B, Goodrich JM, Hu H, Solano-González M, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martinez-Mier EA. The associations between lead exposure at multiple sensitive life periods and dental caries risks in permanent teeth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1048-1055. [PMID: 30841379 PMCID: PMC6407640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is an important public health problem in Mexico, a country also faced with high exposure to toxicants including lead (Pb). METHODS Participants were 386 children living in Mexico City. Prenatal (trimester 1-3), early-childhood (12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age) and peri-pubertal (10-18 years of age) blood Pb levels were quantified using graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Maternal patella and tibia bone Pb at 1 month postpartum were quantified with K X-ray fluorescence instrument. Dental caries presence was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores. Peri-pubertal sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was estimated using a 116-item, interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total energy adjusted daily SSB intake was generated using the residual approach. Zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between Pb with D1MFT and D4MFT at adolescence. RESULTS Maternal second and third trimester and cumulative early childhood Pb exposure were positively associated with peri-pubertal D1MFT scores in unadjusted ZINB models (2nd trimester: RR = 1.17 (1.00, 1.37); 3rd trimester: RR = 1.20 (1.03, 1.40); early childhood: RR = 1.22 (1.02, 1.48)). These effect sizes were attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. When stratified by high/low SSB intake, a one unit increase of log-transformed 2nd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.41 times (1.06, 1.86) higher D1MFT count, and 3rd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.50 times (1.18, 1.90) higher D1MFT count among those with higher than median peri-pubertal SSB. Associations among those with lower SSB intake were roughly half those of the higher group and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Pb exposure during sensitive developmental periods was not statistically significantly associated with caries risk after accounting for confounders among our cohort. However, evidence from stratified analysis suggested a Pb-caries association among children with high SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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