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Hao J, Kang Y, Wei S, Wang J, Wang H. 3D intraoral scanning techniques support the effects of crown morphology on dental caries. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:549. [PMID: 38730377 PMCID: PMC11088106 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development and utilization of three-dimensional (3D) intraoral scanning (IOS) technology, the morphological characteristics of teeth were quantitatively assessed. In this research, we aimed to explore the prevalence of dental caries in relation to each measurable morphological indicator of the tooth body via 3D intraoral scanning techniques. METHODS A hospital-based single-centre study was conducted at our hospital from Dec. 2021 to Apr. 2023. A total of 53 patients were involved in the study, providing complete morphological data for 79 teeth. Each patient completed an oral hygiene routine questionnaire and underwent examination by an experienced dentist to evaluate caries conditions before undergoing 3D intraoral scanning to obtain a digital dental model. Geomagic Studio 2014 was used to extract oral morphological data from the models. The acquired data were entered, cleaned and edited using Excel 2016 and subsequently exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Chi-square analysis and logistic regression analyses were employed to test the associations. RESULTS Among the participants, 33 (61.1%) were female, with a mean age of 26.52 ± 10.83 years. Significant associations were found between dental caries and the vertical distance between the distal tip and the gum (OR 14.02; 95% CI 1.80-109.07; P = 0.012), the distal lateral horizontal distance of occlusion (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.90; P = 0.026), and the mesial horizontal distance of occlusion (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.12-4.31; P = 0.021). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated a P value of 0.33. CONCLUSIONS The vertical distance between the distal tip and the gum, the distal lateral horizontal distance of the occlusion and the mesial horizontal distance of the occlusion were the influencing factors for dental caries (identified as independent risk factors). We hypothesize that these factors may be associated with the physiological curvature of teeth and the role of chewing grooves in plaque formation over time. However, further studies involving larger population samples and more detailed age stratification are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Yuting Kang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Siyuan Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Ciqu Community Health Service Center of Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
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Saharia NP, Malik M, Jhingan P, Gulati N, Mathur S. Assessment of Interleukin-6 Levels and Lactobacillus casei Counts in Pediatric Stainless Steel and Zirconia Crowns: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:395-403. [PMID: 39144182 PMCID: PMC11320827 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric dental crowns play an integral role as they maintain the form and function and prolong the life of the affected tooth. However, placing a crown in the oral cavity creates a new niche for the adhesion of microorganisms that can lead to plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and the development of secondary caries, which in the long term might determine the clinical success of the restored tooth. The present study allowed us to assess the changes caused by the full coverage restorations at a clinical, immunological, and microbiological level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microbial analysis. Materials and methods The in vivo analysis consisted of a total of 26 children aged 3-10 years. They were divided into two groups, group I (n = 13) children receiving preformed zirconia crowns and group II receiving stainless steel crowns (SSCs). Plaque index (PI) scores, gingival index (GI) scores, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were assessed at baseline and at 45 days of follow-up. The in vitro part of the study consisted of 13 preformed zirconia crowns and 13 SSCs which were immersed in artificial saliva containing strains of Lactobacillus casei which were then processed for their microbial analysis. Results On mean comparison, preformed zirconia crowns performed superiorly both clinically and immunologically compared to SSCs. Microbial analysis using independent t-test revealed that the colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter was statistically significantly higher for the SSCs, and the mean difference among the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion Preformed zirconia crowns can be a relative replacement for SSCs in primary teeth with the advantage of esthetics and superior periodontal health. How to cite this article Saharia NP, Malik M, Jhingan P, et al. Assessment of Interleukin-6 Levels and Lactobacillus casei Counts in Pediatric Stainless Steel and Zirconia Crowns: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(4):395-403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P Saharia
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manvi Malik
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pulkit Jhingan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikita Gulati
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Mathur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Darabi M, Bakhtiari R, Jafari A, Mehran M, Eshraghi SS, Barati A. Early detection of oral bacteria causing gum infections and dental caries in children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:49-55. [PMID: 38682052 PMCID: PMC11055450 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Periodontal diseases are resulted from gum infections and dental plaques, which are mainly caused by the bacterial agents. Since dental monitoring includes important prognostic roles, the aim of this study was to detect the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria in children. Materials and Methods A total of 200 clinical samples were collected from dental plaques and gingival grooves. Target-specific primers were designed for hbpA in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fimA in Porphyromonas gingivalis and 16S rRNA in Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Then, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was optimized for the highlighted bacterial agents. Results In general, the highest and the lowest bacterial prevalence rates belonged to Tannerella forsythia (88%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (13%), respectively. Furthermore, prevalence rates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola were 25, 21 and 45% in samples, respectively. Conclusion There were significant associations between dental/oral health and microbial community. Metabolism of the oral bacteria, including biofilm formation, can affect gums and develop dental plaques and hence dental caries, especially in children. Early diagnosis of dental caries in children via rapid, accurate molecular methods can increase the diagnostic capacity in clinical cases and therefore prevent periodontal infections in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jafari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Al-Hussain University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Majid Mehran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Eshraghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anis Barati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Mbawalla HS, Nyamuryekung'e KK, Mtaya-Mlangwa M, Masalu JR. Dental Caries Pattern Amongst Tanzanian Children: National Oral Health Survey. Int Dent J 2023; 73:731-737. [PMID: 37308399 PMCID: PMC10509444 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in young children and adolescents is a public oral health challenge in countries with developing economies and economic transition. This study presents a demographic pattern of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-old Tanzanians based on the 2020 National Oral Health Survey findings. METHODS This is a cross-section study based on data from Tanzania's 5th National Oral Health Survey. Data on dental caries and basic demographics were collected employing World Health Organization Oral Health Survey protocols. Analysis was done using the SPSS computer programme version 23, and proportions and mean dental caries experiences in Decayed extracted filled teeth in primary dentition/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentition were summarised and chi-square statistics and binary logistic regression assessed the differences and determined the association between dental caries and the selected demographic characteristics. RESULTS The survey included 2187 participants; 42.4% were from rural areas and 50.7% were female. Overall caries prevalence was 17%, specifically 43.2%, 20.5%, and 25.5% amongst 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively. Decayed teeth components were 98.4%, 89.8%, and 91.4% amongst 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Overall mean (SD) DMFT amongst 12- and 15-year-olds were 0.40 (0.27) and 0.59 (1.35), respectively. Urban participants had significantly lower odds of dental caries experience (odds ratio, 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.84) compared with rural participants, whilst the 15-year-olds had higher odds of dental caries experience than the 12-year-olds. CONCLUSION Dental caries prevalence in primary dentition was high. The proportion of decayed teeth components of def/DMFT was the highest compared with that of missing and filled teeth components. Older adolescents and those from rural areas had higher odds of dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Shariff Mbawalla
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung'e
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa
- Orthodontics Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joyce-Rose Masalu
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Hashemipour M, Poyayi M, Roshani A. KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF IRANIAN DENTAL STUDENTS ABOUT SMOKING CESSATION COUNSELING. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2023; 21:62-69. [PMID: 38298340 PMCID: PMC10811706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aims Today, smoking is recognized as the biggest cause of preventable premature death. dentists can play a very important role in motivating and providing smoking cessation counseling and play this role of line requires gaining sufficient knowledge and education during the student period. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitude of dental students in Kerman in the field of smoking cessation counseling. Methods and materials This study was descriptive-analytical and crosssectional. The study population was fourth, fifth and sixth year dental students. A questionnaire was used to assess participants knowledge and attitude towards smoking cessation, using the 5 As of smoking cessation. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 21, t-test and chi-square software. Results This study showed that the mean score of students' knowledge was 2.13 ± 14.12. There was a significant relationship between knowledge score, gender (women more than men) and the presence of a smoker in the family (P = 0.01, 0.001, respectively). Also, the mean attitude score was 36.25 41 5.41. There was a significant relationship between attitude score, gender (women more than men) and the presence of a smoker in the family (P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion Results of this study showed that the students have good knowledge of the 5As (Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Arrange) but that they did not have much information about some parameters under Assess. Also, they have a positive attitude in this regard. Moreover, students believed that time limitations in dental visits and concerns on the effectiveness of smoking cessation consultations are the major obstacle in implementing a smoking cessation plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Hashemipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M. Poyayi
- Kerman Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A. Roshani
- Kerman Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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El Tantawi M, Elwan AH, Hamed H. Clustering of children's oral diseases in families and villages in a rural setting in Egypt. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:245. [PMID: 37106325 PMCID: PMC10141937 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the clustering of children' caries experience, plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in families and villages in Northwestern Egypt and the factors related to the severity of these conditions. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a 2019 household survey of children in villages around Alexandria, Egypt. Clinical examination assessed primary and permanent teeth caries experience (dmft/ DMFT using the World Health Organization criteria), plaque accumulation (Plaque Index (PlI)) and gingival inflammation (Gingival Index (GI)). A child questionnaire assessed child's age, sex, the frequency of toothbrushing (at least twice daily versus less) and frequency of consuming eight types of sugary products (daily sugar consumption score, sum of sugary products consumed daily). Mothers' questionnaire assessed the number of children in the family, mother's education (at least high school versus less), at least twice daily toothbrushing and daily sugar consumption similar to the child. Multilevel regression analyses assessed clustering, calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the three conditions in families and villages. Regression estimates (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of individual and family factors were calculated. RESULTS Complete data were available for 450 children (246 families, seven villages], mean = 9.9 years-old and 56% females. The mean caries experience score = 3.6, mean plaque index = 1.5 and mean gingival index = 1.2. Caries experience, plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation were not clustered in villages (ICC < 0.01) but clustered in families (ICC = 0.10, 0.44 and 0.29). Child factors significantly improved model fit for caries experience and gingivitis (p < 0.001) but not plaque accumulation (p = 0.90). Family factors did not improve any model fit (p > 0.05). Child's age was significantly associated with caries experience (B= -0.48, p < 0.001) and gingival inflammation (B = 0.032, p < 0.001). Children who brushed their teeth twice daily had significantly more caries experience (B = 1.04, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The three oral conditions were not clustered in villages but clustered in families. Plaque accumulation showed the greatest within-family clustering. Family factors were not associated with the three conditions and individual factors indicated the need for interventions to promote preventive behaviors and identify families at risk of oral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Azarita, 21527, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amira H Elwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Azarita, 21527, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hams Hamed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Azarita, 21527, Alexandria, Egypt
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Navabi ZS, Ahmadi A, Sabri MR, Kholenjani FB, Ghaderian M, Dehghan B, Mahdavi C. Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among children with congenital heart disease: Application of protection motivation theory. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:332. [PMID: 36568001 PMCID: PMC9768707 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1720_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the underlying medical conditions that put children at increased risk for coronavirus. This study aimed to predict preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among children with CHD based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021, on 240 children 3-7 years with CHD whose data had been registered in Persian Registry of Cardiovascular Disease/CHD (PROVE/CHD) System in Isfahan, Iran. The research variables were measured using an online researcher-made questionnaire that was based on PMT constructs. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis). RESULTS From a total of 240 participants (mean age of 4.81 ± 1.50) in the present study, 122 (50.8%) were girls. The most common types of CHD among children participating in this study were related to atrial septal defect (ASD) (29.2%, n = 70) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (26.7%, n = 64), respectively. Protective behaviors showed a significant correlation with all constructs of PMT. The PMT constructs explained 41.0% of the variances in protective behavior, in which the perceived reward (β = 0.325) and perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.192) was the most important, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed well the effectiveness of PMT on the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in children with CHD. This theory can be used to teach preventive behaviors of COVID-19 to children with CHD in education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Navabi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabri
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Kholenjani
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghaderian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahar Dehghan
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Chehreh Mahdavi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ashoori F, Karimi M, Seif M. Comparison of the effect of mothers and students' education on the promotion of oral health behaviours in female students, using the health belief model. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:601-608. [PMID: 34897973 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral diseases are considered an important health challenge around the world, especially among children. This study aimed to compare the effects of mothers and students' education on female students' oral health behaviours. METHODS This three-arm randomized controlled educational trial was conducted on 261 fifth- and sixth-grade female students. The participants were selected and divided into two intervention groups (students' mothers and students) and a control group through simple random sampling. The intervention included four 60-min and two 90-min education sessions for the students and their mothers, respectively. The data were analysed using the SPSS 22 software. RESULTS The results revealed a significant increase in the mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001), self-efficacy (p = 0.038), and cues to action (p < 0.001) in the students' intervention group. However, in the students-mothers' group the mean score of knowledge significantly increased (p < 0.001), and perceived barriers significantly decreased (p = 0.001). After the intervention, a significant difference was observed among the three study groups regarding the mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001), perceived susceptibility (p = 0.005), perceived severity (p = 0.005), perceived benefits (p = 0.011), cues to action (p < 0.001) and brushing and flossing behaviours (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, the mothers' education did not have any additional effects on the students' education. It seems that, in underprivileged communities where mothers had a low level of education, it might be better for oral health education to focus more on the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashoori
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Karimi
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Bagherzadeh M, Salehi L, Mahmoodi Z. Investigating preventive health behaviors against COVID-19 in elementary school students' parents: A cross-sectional study from Tehran - Capital of Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:435. [PMID: 35071641 PMCID: PMC8719560 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_58_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents act as a role model for children in showing health behaviors. This study investigated factors affecting the preventive behavior in elementary school students' parents based on protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran (Iran) in 2020. Multistage sampling was used to choose 660 elementary school students' parents. The data collection instrument was a multi-sectional questionnaire, including sections on demographic characteristics, PMT constructs, self-reported health, and information sources related to COVID-19. In this study, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistical methods (Pearson correlation and path analysis) were used to analyze the data. The range of Cronbach's alpha of the study instrument varied from 0.71 to 0.97. RESULTS The results of the current study revealed significant association between all PMT constructs and preventive behaviors. Knowledge from both direct and indirect paths was related to preventive behaviors (B = 0.76). Preventive behaviors had the strongest, direct relationship with age (B = 0.76). Based on the final fitted model, knowledge had the greatest impact on preventive behaviors through indirect and direct routes. CONCLUSION Knowledge was the most important variable which influenced preventive behavior, and it should be noticed in prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leili Salehi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Shirahmadi S, Khazaei S, Meschi M, Miresmaeili AF, Barkhordar S, Heidari A, Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Dadae N, Farzian S, Gafari A. Dental caries experience in primary school-age children following "Students' Oral Health Promotion Program," Iran. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:453-464. [PMID: 34714594 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at determining the changes in dental caries experience in elementary school-age children following 5 years of the Students' Oral Health Promotion Program implementation. METHODS In the present study, totally 2920 elementary school students participated and were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Based on the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods manual (4th edition), dental caries indices in primary and permanent teeth were assessed by clinical examination in schools. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and dental factors were collected through interviews based on questionnaire. The logistic and linear regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the elementary school children was 9.45 (1.71) years, and 1481 (50.7%) were boys. There was a significant difference between genders, age, dental pain experience and student's parent supervision with dmft, DMFT and their caries status. For 1-year increase in age, 1.67 times increase in DMFT and 0.33 decrease in dmft were predicted. Girls had higher odds of DMFT. In contrast, the odds of dmft for girls were significantly lower compared with boys. Students with dental pain experience had significantly higher odds of DMFT and dmft. The Significant Caries Index (SiC) score for permanent dentition in 12-year-old children was 5.47. Sex was significantly correlated with SiC index. The odds of developing Sic was 0.98 times lower in girls than in boys. CONCLUSIONS Dental caries was identified as a major public health problem among the elementary school students despite the implementation of the national project for oral health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Shirahmadi
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marjaneh Meschi
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Farhang Miresmaeili
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shagaeg Barkhordar
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Heidari
- Office of education in Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bashirian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Jenabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Dadae
- Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Farzian
- Departments of Oral Health, Vice Chancellor for Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Gafari
- Departments of Oral Health, Vice Chancellor for Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Youcharoen K, Thomngam N, Aranya N, Wongphanthuset Y, Rungruangpattana M, Kaewsutha N. Plaque Removal Efficacy of Triple-Headed Toothbrush in 4-6-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:546-552. [PMID: 34760799 PMCID: PMC8533035 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_93_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this randomized crossover designed study was to compare the efficacy of plaque removal between a triple-headed toothbrush and a conventional single-headed toothbrush in 4-6-year-old children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 73 children, aged 4-6 years, were randomly divided into two groups (triple-headed toothbrush and conventional single-headed toothbrush). The children were instructed on how to use the toothbrush by watching a video clip for each toothbrush type and then brushed their teeth for 2 min. The remained plaque was recorded by Greene and Vermillion plaque index (PI). After a 3-week washout period, the toothbrush type was switched, the children brushed their teeth with the alternate toothbrush, and the PI scores were re-recorded. RESULTS Plaque scores in the triple-headed toothbrush group were statistically significantly lower than those in the single-headed group in almost all (10 out or 12) surfaces measured (P < 0.05). Plaque scores were not significantly different on the buccal surfaces of the upper posterior teeth. CONCLUSION The triple-headed toothbrush showed better efficacy in plaque removal and could potentially be a good alternative to the conventional single-headed toothbrush in young children with limited hand skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanchanok Youcharoen
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narawit Thomngam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natchanok Aranya
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yasumin Wongphanthuset
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mintita Rungruangpattana
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Kaewsutha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 33947387 PMCID: PMC8097819 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology, dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000 to 2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted. Results Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case–control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2% and 88.8%, early childhood caries between 3% and 57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6 and 8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar consumption were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies. Conclusions Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.
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13
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Oral Health-Related Factors based on Health Belief Model in 10th to 12th-Grade Students in Kashan. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jech.8.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Abreu MGL, Germano F, Antunes LS, Azeredo Alves Antunes L. Impact of Oral Health on the Quality of Life of Preschoolers and Their Families. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X21999145. [PMID: 33796634 PMCID: PMC7983468 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x21999145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate how the oral hygiene condition can influence the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of preschoolers and their families. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 446 children aged 2 to 6 years from public schools located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The groups were dichotomized: regular/poor oral hygiene condition (RPOH) or good oral hygiene condition (GOH). The caregivers answered the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). The average score in the RPOH group was 6.36 (6.35 DP) and GOH was 4.43 (5.35 SD) (P < .01). In the child subscale, the average of the RPOH and GOH group were, respectively, 4.12 (4.14 DP) and 3.13 (3.66 DP) (P = .01). In the family subscale, RPOH and GOH group were, respectively, 2.24 (3.12 DP) and 1.29 (2.52 DP) (P = .01). RPOH group had the greatest impact on OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Germano
- Postgraduate program in Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Postgraduate program in Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Azeredo Alves Antunes
- Postgraduate program in Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
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15
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Ramadhani A, Khairinisa S, Setiawati F, Darwita RR, Maharani DA. The Relationships Among Oral Health Practices, Early Childhood Caries, and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Indonesian Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:158-165. [PMID: 34036077 PMCID: PMC8118054 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_388_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at evaluating the relationships among oral health practices, early childhood caries (ECC), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in five-year-old children in Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 266 parent-child pairs (PCPs) from preschools in Jakarta participated in a cross-sectional study. The ECC was clinically assessed by two calibrated screeners using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and the pufa index, which records the presence of severely decayed teeth with visible pulpal involvement (p), ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (u), fistula (f), and abscess (a). The parents of the participating children completed the self-administered questionnaire comprising SOHO-5p and their oral health practices. The SOHO-5c questionnaire was used to interview the children. RESULTS The prevalence of ECC was 88.7%, with 35% having pufa index scores greater than 0. There were significant relationships among oral health practices, ECC, and the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) scores. There was also a significant relationship between cariogenic food consumption and the dmft and SOHO-5p scores. There was a significant relationship between ECC and the SOHO-5 scores. All the SOHO-5p variables except smile avoidance because of appearance had a significant relationship with the dmft and pufa variables. Eating and sleeping difficulties were significantly related to the dmft and pufa scores. CONCLUSION OHRQoL was found to be related to the dmft and pufa scores, and the parents' perceptions were more strongly correlated than the children's. No significant difference was found in the perceptions indicated by the SOHO-5p and SOHO-5c scores. This suggests that parents can be used as proxies regarding their children's OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atik Ramadhani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Safira Khairinisa
- Undergraduate Student Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Febriana Setiawati
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Risqa R Darwita
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Diah A Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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16
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Bashirian S, Seyedzadeh-Sabounchi S, Shirahmadi S, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Soltanian AR, Vahdatinia F. Predictors of oral health promotion behaviors among elementary school children: Examination of an extended social cognitive theory. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:191-203. [PMID: 32339312 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brushing teeth with fluoride-containing toothpaste and flossing are considered as effective solutions for preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. AIM The aim of this study was to use the promoted social cognitive theory (SCT) to investigate factors influencing adherence to oral hygiene behaviors by elementary school children. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 988 elementary school children were chosen using the multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the SCT scale, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Theoretical models were examined using the structural equation modeling. RESULTS The SCT explained 50% of the variance in brushing with fluoridated toothpaste and 55.6% of the variance in flossing behaviors. The total effect of family environment (β = .60, P < .05), self-efficacy in overcoming impediments (β = .50, P < .05), and emotional coping (β = .40, P < .05) variables in the conceptual model had significantly influenced tooth brushing behavior. The total effect of self-efficacy (β = .79, P < .05), family environment (β = .41, P < .05), and situational perception (β = .35, P < .05) variables of the conceptual model significantly influenced the flossing behavior. CONCLUSIONS The SCT, self-efficacy, and family environment were strongly associated with brushing and flossing behaviors. Therefore, supportive family environments should be considered as one of the top contributors to successful oral health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Samane Shirahmadi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Communicable Disease Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Implants Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Pentapati KC, Yeturu SK, Siddiq H. Global and regional estimates of dental pain among children and adolescents-systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:1-12. [PMID: 32557184 PMCID: PMC7943429 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the pooled prevalence of dental pain amongst children and adolescents. METHODS Studies conducted in children and adolescents up to18 years of age and where prevalence of dental is reported or calculated were included. Search was performed in four major databases from inception to June 1st, 2019. Prevalence estimate at the maximal recall for the dental pain for the individual study was used to calculate the overall pooled estimate. RESULTS The prevalence of dental pain ranged from 1.33 to 87.8% in the included publications for quantitative synthesis (n = 97). More than half of the publications reported the lifetime prevalence of dental pain (n = 51) while few studies reported the current prevalence of dental pain (n = 3) and only one study evaluated the dental pain in the past one week. Heterogeneity was high among the included publications (Q = 49,063.12; P < 0.001; df = 96 and I2 = 99.8; P < 0.001). Overall pooled prevalence of dental pain was 32.7 (CI = 29.6-35.9). No difference was seen with respect to the trends in prevalence of dental pain (Coefficient: 0.005; 95% CI - 0.001-0.011; P-value: 0.101). CONCLUSION Two out of ten children below five years, four out of ten children between 6 and 12 years and three out of ten adolescents between 13 and 18 years would have experienced pain in the past. Overall, three out of ten children or adolescents might have experienced dental pain in the past. There was no difference in the pain prevalence between male and females. Studies from Africa reported highest pooled prevalence (50.1%) with least being from Australia (20.7%). Studies from India (40.4%), China (41.3%) and Iran (42.6%) reported high pooled prevalence estimates of dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sravan Kumar Yeturu
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Viswavidya Peetham, Kochi, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
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Stofella Sodré C, Ferreira DDC, Vieira MS, Sampaio Cavalcante F, Braga BS, Saintive S, Abad EDD, Goudouris E, Prado EA, Gonçalves LS, Dos Santos KRN, Ribeiro MG. Clinical oral profile of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: A cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1834-1846. [PMID: 33191587 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aims to describe oral health conditions, eating habits, and oral hygiene in pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis and correlate them with the severity of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Also, we aim to estimate the effect of several variables on the diagnosis of dental caries in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 92 children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis had their oral cavities examined. The effect of independent variables on the diagnosis of dental caries (outcome) was assessed using multiple binary logistic regression model. RESULTS Mild patients presented higher score of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent dentition than moderate patients (p = 0.040). In the multivariable regression final model, the covariates using inhaled corticoid (OR = 6.4; p = 0.003), type of teething [deciduous dentition (OR = 7.9; p = 0.027) and mixed dentition (OR = 10.5; p = 0.007)], and brushing quality [poor mechanical control (OR = 10.6; p < 0.0001)] demonstrated significant direct effect on the diagnosis of dental caries. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the presence of dental biofilm, use of inhaled corticoid, and type of teething are related to the presence of caries in atopic dermatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Stofella Sodré
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira. Rua Bruno Lobo Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatriz Stofel Braga
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Saintive
- Pediatric Dermatology Service, IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Pediatric Institute - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane de Dios Abad
- Pediatric Dermatology Service, IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Pediatric Institute - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ekaterini Goudouris
- Pediatric Allergy Service - IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Pediatric Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evandro A Prado
- Pediatric Allergy Service - IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Pediatric Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Service of Medical Genetics, IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Pediatric Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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You W, Hao A, Li S, Wang Y, Xia B. Deep learning-based dental plaque detection on primary teeth: a comparison with clinical assessments. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:141. [PMID: 32404094 PMCID: PMC7222297 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental plaque causes many common oral diseases (e.g., caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis). Therefore, plaque detection and control are extremely important for children's oral health. The objectives of this study were to design a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect plaque on primary teeth and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the model. METHODS A conventional neural network (CNN) framework was adopted, and 886 intraoral photos of primary teeth were used for training. To validate clinical feasibility, 98 intraoral photos of primary teeth were assessed by the AI model. Additionally, tooth photos were acquired using a digital camera. One experienced pediatric dentist examined the photos and marked the regions containing plaque. Then, a plaque-disclosing agent was applied, and the areas with plaque were identified. After 1 week, the dentist drew the plaque area on the 98 photos taken by the digital camera again to evaluate the consistency of manual diagnosis. Additionally, 102 intraoral photos of primary teeth were marked to denote the plaque areas obtained by the AI model and the dentist to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of each approach based on lower-resolution photos. The mean intersection-over-union (MIoU) metric was employed to indicate detection accuracy. RESULTS The MIoU for detecting plaque on the tested tooth photos was 0.726 ± 0.165. The dentist's MIoU was 0.695 ± 0.269 when first diagnosing the 98 photos taken by the digital camera and 0.689 ± 0.253 after 1 week. Compared to the dentist, the AI model demonstrated a higher MIoU (0.736 ± 0.174), and the results did not change after 1 week. When the dentist and the AI model assessed the 102 intraoral photos, the MIoU was 0.652 ± 0.195 for the dentist and 0.724 ± 0.159 for the model. The results of a paired t-test found no significant difference between the AI model and human specialist (P > .05) in diagnosing dental plaque on primary teeth. CONCLUSIONS The AI model showed clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque on primary teeth compared with an experienced pediatric dentist. This finding illustrates the potential of such AI technology to help improve pediatric oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe You
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, 100081, China.
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20
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Evaluation of risk factors in caries formation in children. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors in caries formation and relationships between each other in children. Material and Methods: A total of 84 children aged between 5-15 years were included in the study. The children were randomly selected among the patients who came to the clinic. Oral disorders and oral hygiene were evaluated with the oral examination. Examination of the children was carried out by two calibrated pediatric dentists. Plaque index, dmf-t index (decay-missed-filled primary tooth) and DMF-T index (decay-missed-filled permanent tooth) scores were evaluated by clinical examination. Plaque index was evaluated using Sillness & Loe plaque index. In addition, a questionnaire was performed about children's age, tooth brushing habits, sweet consumption, dentist visit and dental treatment experience. Statistical analysis was conducted with Mann Whitney-U test, Chi-Square test, Independent t-test and Correlation test. Results: When the survey data is examined, there was no significant difference between boy and girl patients regarding dmft, DMFT, frequency of tooth brushing, sweet consumption and plaque index scores (p>0,05). There was no relationship between frequency of sweet consumption and DMF-T, dmf-t and plaque index scores (p>0,05). No significant relationship was found between the frequency of tooth brushing and DMF-T and dmf-t scores (p>0,05). The examinations were revealed that there were no children with regular tooth brushing habits and the plaque index scores of children with irregular tooth brushing habit was lower than the children with no brushing habits (p<0,05). In addition, a positive correlation was also observed between age and plaque index and DMFT scores. However, a negative correlation was observed between age and dmft scores. Conclusions: It is observed that there was a significant relationship between tooth brushing habits and plaque index values of children.
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Kyaw Myint ZC, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Ueno M, Soe KK, Kawaguchi Y. Risk indicators of dental caries and gingivitis among 10-11-year-old students in Yangon, Myanmar. Int Dent J 2019; 70:167-175. [PMID: 31777070 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain basic data on dental caries and gingival status of students in Myanmar, and to identify related risk indicators, including socioeconomic conditions and oral health behaviours and habits. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study enrolled 537 fifth-grade students in Myanmar. Oral health behaviours and dietary patterns of students were assessed using questionnaires. Oral examinations were conducted to identify dental caries and gingivitis, and the oral samples were obtained to determine the bacteria levels in dental plaque. RESULTS The dental caries prevalence was 68.5%, with a mean number of decayed teeth of 2.07 ± 2.15. The prevalence of gingivitis was 98.9%, and the mean number of inflamed gingival areas in the anterior region was 16.2 ± 5.4. No significant differences were found between the sexes in terms of dental caries and gingivitis. Oral hygiene was significantly poorer, and levels of bacteria in dental plaque were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Multiple linear regression tests were used to analyse the association between risk indicators and dental caries and gingivitis. Tooth brushing frequency, a daily habit of mouth rinsing, dental visit experience, consumption of sugary snacks and oral hygiene status were significantly associated with dental caries. Mother's occupation, tooth brushing frequency, consumption of sweet drinks, oral hygiene status and bacterial levels in dental plaque were significant predictors of gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS Myanmar students had a high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis. Socioeconomic condition, oral hygiene status and oral health behaviours were all determined to be significant risk indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zar Chi Kyaw Myint
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Takashi Zaitsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Oshiro
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ueno
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Ko Soe
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu XP, Song TZ, Zhu YY, Wu LL, Zhang X, Zhou JY, Li ZQ. Association of ENAM, TUFT1, MMP13, IL1B, IL10 and IL1RN gene polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility in Chinese children. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1696-1704. [PMID: 30803280 PMCID: PMC6460591 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519828450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six candidate genes (enamelin [ ENAM]; tuftelin 1 [ TUFT1]; matrix metallopeptidase 13 [ MMP13]; interleukin 1 beta [ IL1B]; interleukin 10 [ IL10]; interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [ IL1RN]) and dental caries in children from northwest China. METHODS This case-control study enrolled children (12-15 years) who underwent routine dental examinations. The children were divided into two groups based on the presence of dental caries. A saliva sample was collected and seven SNPs (rs3806804A/G in ENAM, rs3811411T/G in TUFT1, rs2252070A/G and rs597315A/T in MMP13, rs1143627C/T in IL1B, rs1800872A/C in IL10 and rs956730G/A in IL1RN) were genotyped. RESULTS A total of 357 children were enrolled in the study: 161 with dental caries and 196 without dental caries. No significant difference was found in the alleles and genotypes of five genes ( ENAM, TUFT1, MMP13, IL10 and IL1RN) between those with and without dental caries. A significant relationship was found between the IL1B rs1143627C/T polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility with those carrying the rs1143627CT genotype having a lower risk of dental caries compared with those carrying the CC genotype (odds ratio 0.557; 95% confidence interval 0.326, 0.952). CONCLUSION The IL1B rs1143627C/T polymorphism may be associated with dental caries susceptibility in children from northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pan Hu
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian-Zhu Song
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling-Li Wu
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Socio-demographic determinants as predictors of oral hygiene status and gingivitis in schoolchildren aged 7-12 years old: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208886. [PMID: 30550552 PMCID: PMC6294426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gingivitis and poor oral hygiene status are the most prevalent oral diseases among primary school students. Poor oral hygiene status, gingivitis and socio-demographic determinants have been shown to be associated with periodontal diseases. There is limited information on the gingivitis and oral hygiene status among Iranian children. In the present study, the status of gingivitis, oral hygiene status, and their association with socio-demographic determinants among schoolchildren aged 7-12 years old in Hamadan were investigated. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 988 primary school students aged 7-12 years old were selected. The oral hygiene status was measured through Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to evaluate gingival bleeding and calculus. CPI was measured using a standardized protocol to investigate gum bleeding and calculus. The oral hygiene was classified as good, fair or poor based on calculus and debris measurements. Age, gender, educational level, occupation and residence district of parents, dental pain experience in the last year and whether parents supervised their children while brushing were assessed by the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The oral hygiene status was good in 644 students (65.20%), fair in 341 (34.50%) and poor in three (0.30%). Moreover, the results of CPI depicted that 639 students (64.07%) had healthy periodontium, 320 (32.40%) had periodontal bleeding and 29 (2.9%) were with calculus. Higher percentage of the boys in the age group of 12 years old had periodontal bleeding and fewer good oral hygiene. The results of CPI and OHI-S scores depicted that more than half of the primary school students had healthy gums and periodontium (64.1%) and good oral hygiene status (65.2%). There were significant statistical associations between age and residence district with calculus measured by the CPI, also between gender, age, residence district, and mother's occupation with the gingival bleeding measured by the CPI. Furthermore, age and mother's occupation were significantly associated with OHI-S index. CONCLUSIONS In general, the periodontal health status is poorer in students attending suburban schools compared to those in urban schools in Hamadan. Since there are significant associations between gender, school districts and mother's occupation with oral hygiene index among schoolchildren in primary schools, considering them in schools' oral health program design might be useful.
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Ghorbani B, Shahnazi H, Hassanzadeh A. Improving Student's Self-Efficacy and Perceived Susceptibility Toward Oral and Dental Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Oman Med J 2018; 33:423-428. [PMID: 30210722 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to assess the impact of educational intervention on female junior high school students' perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy regarding oral and dental health. Methods We recruited 100 female junior high school students (50 in intervention and 50 in control group) from Falavarjan city using multistage random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data about study variables. Students in the intervention group attended five 90-minute sessions designed to teach the students about dental hygiene. Results We found no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the preintervention mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy (p > 0.050). The postintervention mean scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.050). Conclusions Training plans with particular behavioral goals and good instructional strategies can be useful in empowering students toward dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ghorbani
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahnazi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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