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Mansoor M, Monis D, Anjum R, Siddiqui TA, Mir HA, Nazir R. A cross-sectional study to correlate oral hygiene habit among orthodontic patients with their clinical findings and periodontal treatment need. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:903. [PMID: 39107771 PMCID: PMC11304922 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment requires good oral hygiene for successful completion of treatment. As protocol, patients are usually given instructions for oral hygiene and diet at the start of treatment, however, they are not fully followed. Different methods are employed in order to increase patient compliance including digital means, however, these are not possible in teaching hospitals with high burden of patient care and limited resources. The present study aims to correlate the patient reported behavior with their clinical findings and treatment need. This will enable us to identify potential sources of motivation which will be incorporated in daily practice and enable us to improve methods to enhance patient's behavior. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in the orthodontic department of a semi-government teaching hospital from August to October 2023 using a modified questionnaire. The clinical examination was done using a Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need-C (CPITN-C) probe. The diagnosis of presenting clinical conditions and treatment need was done using Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need (CPITN) and Gingival Bleeding Index (BI). Data collected was analyzed for frequencies and correlation was done using Spearman Correlation Coefficient. P- value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULT The sample size consisted of 110 patients of which 60% were entitled to receive treatment. The predominant age group was 15-20 years (39.1%). Approximately 70% patients were in code 1 for CPITN and GI and in need of oral hygiene instructions. Overall patients' showed good level of awareness, however, they were not compliant in behavior. CONCLUSION Although patients showed a good level of awareness towards oral hygiene practices, there was a lack of compliance in following them. Patients were more concerned for being affected by dental caries due to poor oral hygiene than its effect on overall treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Mansoor
- Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Duaa Monis
- Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Anjum
- Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tania Arshad Siddiqui
- Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Hassam Anjum Mir
- Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Nazir
- Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Rana BK, Kiyani A, Hassan S, Masood R, Javed MQ, Abulhamael AM, Atique S, Zafar MS. Assessment of treatment needs, barriers, and self-perception regarding oral health among female university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:883. [PMID: 39095776 PMCID: PMC11297628 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to compare the self-perceived oral health status measured through a self-administered questionnaire with clinically determined oral health status measured by decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) and community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN) indices in university going females. In addition, access barriers to treatment related to oral healthcare were also determined. METHODS A 3-month analytical cross-sectional study was designed for consenting university going females (aged 18-22 years) in Islamabad, Pakistan. The self-perceived oral health was recorded through a questionnaire requesting information regarding socio-demographics, self-perception of oral health, frequency of dental visits and barriers to seeking oral health. Seven independent examiners performed intraoral clinical examination and assessed the oral health status using globally standardized oral health assessment indices (DMFT and CPITN). RESULTS A total of 400 students were included in the final sample. The study revealed a significant disparity between self-perceived oral health and clinical assessment. Although perceived oral health was considered "good" by 80.0% of the respondents, clinical examination revealed moderate DMFT scores (mean 2.95 ± 1.41) and periodontal disease requiring treatment in 89.5% of the individuals. The most common barriers in seeking dental care were lack of knowledge, dental phobia, affordability issue and false self-perception. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a notable discrepancy between self-perception of oral health and clinically assessed oral health. These results emphasize the importance of focused educational programs and community outreach programs, especially directed towards this demographic. Prioritizing such initiatives will help individuals to recognize their actual oral health condition thus encouraging positive oral health behaviors and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber Kiyani
- Oral Medicine Department, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Hassan
- Periodontology Department, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rabia Masood
- Oral Pathology Department, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Javed
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah, 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Abulhamael
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundus Atique
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina, Al Munawarrah, 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Safeer V S M, Sahu JK, Madaan P, Winter SF, Baker GA, Bansal D. Estimating the active and lifetime prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Asian Countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109739. [PMID: 38518674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current era of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031 (IGAP), precise and updated estimates of epilepsy burden are vital in formulating policies to improve the care of persons with epilepsy, especially in Asian countries with significant treatment gap. Hence, we aimed to consolidate the available data and quantify epilepsy prevalence and incidence estimates in Asian countries. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Scopus databases from inception until March 2023 for studies reporting epilepsy prevalence and incidence in Asian countries. We applied random effects meta-analysis to generate the pooled prevalence and incidence using the Meta package in R. Additionally, we performed a subgroup meta-analysis to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the trend of epilepsy over time. RESULTS A total of 99 studies with 100,654,124 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was 5.6 per 1000 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.4-6.8) for active epilepsy and 6.7 per 1000 (95 % CI 5.7-7.9) for lifetime epilepsy. The pooled incidence rate of epilepsy was 52.5 per 100,000 person-years (95 % CI 42.7-79.4). The subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence of active epilepsy (6.7/1000) and lifetime epilepsy (8.6/1000) in West Asia than in other regions. The funnel plot and Egger's test (p-value =<0.0001) revealed publication bias for active epilepsy. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a high prevalence of active and lifetime epilepsy in West Asia and emphasize the necessity of implementing and formulating specific strategies to tackle the epilepsy burden in this region. Furthermore, high-quality epidemiological studies incorporating economic burdens and comorbidities associated with epilepsy in Asia are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Safeer V S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sahu
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Priyanka Madaan
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, India
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Head of Policy and Research, International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Gus A Baker
- Secretary General, International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Dipika Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India.
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Dagli N, Haque M, Kumar S. Bibliometric Analysis of Clinical Trials on the Effect of Sugar Alcohol Consumption on Oral Health: Trends, Insights, and Future Directions (1967-2024). Cureus 2024; 16:e60248. [PMID: 38872648 PMCID: PMC11170056 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the quest for healthier alternatives to sugar has led to the widespread use of sugar alcohol in various food and beverage products. Sugar alcohols, such as xylitol, sorbitol, and erythritol, are popular substitutes due to their sweet taste and lower calorie content than sucrose. Beyond their role in calorie reduction, sugar alcohols have garnered attention for their potential impact on oral health. The bibliometric analysis of clinical trials on sugar alcohol and oral health in PubMed reveals a dynamic and multifaceted research landscape shaped by various factors. Fluctuations in publication rates over time suggest influences such as shifts in research interests, technological advancements, regulatory changes, and evolving consumer behaviors. Key authors like Makinen KK, Makinen PL, and Soderling E emerge as prolific contributors with collaborative solid networks within the research community. The University of Turku in Finland has been identified as the highest contributing university, while Caries Research is the most contributing journal based on the number of clinical trials published. The country-wise analysis highlights Italy and the United States as substantial contributors, with diverse trajectories of research activity observed across nations. The subject-specific words with the highest cooccurrence are xylitol, dental caries, chewing gum, Streptococcus mutans, and saliva. Thematic analysis dives deep into how sugar alcohols relate to oral health, using different methods to study their effectiveness, safety, and how they affect the oral microbiome. The analysis of topic trends indicates ongoing exploration of sorbitol and xylitol, with an increasing emphasis on the potential advantages of xylitol. Additionally, there is notable attention on cariostatic agents, strategies for dental caries prevention, and the emergence of novel research domains like probiotics and erythritol, showcasing the dynamic evolution of oral health research focuses and developments. Overall, this analysis provides valuable insights into the distribution and trends of clinical trial publications, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the research landscape in sugar alcohol and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dagli
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
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Nazir A, Iqbal H, Mehmood A, Khan MA, Shaukat Z, Abbas Z, Kashif M. Efficacy of Glass Ionomer Cement as Pit and Fissure Sealant in Permanent First Molars. Cureus 2024; 16:e55882. [PMID: 38595900 PMCID: PMC11002968 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Pit and fissure caries constitute a predominant portion, approximately 90% in permanent posterior teeth and 44% in primary teeth among children and adolescents. Among various preventive modalities, pit and fissure sealants play a pivotal role in safeguarding these vulnerable areas. Categorized by materials such as glass ionomer, composites, and polyacid-modified glass ionomers, these sealants offer effective protection. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of glass ionomer-based pit and fissure sealants in terms of retention rate at 12-month post-procedure period in permanent first molars. Methodology This study was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan, Pakistan. Fifty-six children, aged 7 to 12 years, presenting with pit and fissure caries in permanent first molar teeth were enrolled. Glass ionomer sealant was meticulously applied to the affected pits and fissures. The efficacy was assessed after 12 months based on predefined criteria. Results The age of participants ranged from 7 to 12 years, with a mean age of 9.24 ± 1.38 years. Among the 56 patients, 23 (41.2%) were male and 33 (58.8%) were female. Sealant retention was noted in 31 (55.35%) patients, while 25 (44.65%) experienced sealant loss. In the 7 to 9-year age group, 19 demonstrated complete sealant retention, whereas in the 10 to 12-year age group, 12 exhibited complete retention. Concerning gender distribution, 17 males and 14 females exhibited complete sealant retention. Conclusion Glass ionomer-based sealants demonstrate excellent properties for pit and fissure sealing owing to their low technique sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and favorable retention rates. Therefore, they represent an optimal choice for this preventive dental procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Nazir
- Operative Dentistry, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, PAK
| | - Humara Iqbal
- Operative Dentistry, Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan, PAK
| | - Asad Mehmood
- Oral Biology, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Operative Dentistry, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, PAK
| | - Zunaira Shaukat
- Science of Dental Materials, Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan, PAK
| | - Zaineb Abbas
- Oral Biology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, PAK
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, PAK
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Sun X, Han B, Han Q, Yu Q, Wang S, Feng J, Feng T, Li X, Zhang S, Li H. Similarity of Chinese and Pakistani oral microbiome. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:38. [PMID: 38372789 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota is vital for human health and can be affected by various factors (i.e. diets, ethnicity). However, few studies have compared oral microbiota of individuals from different nationalities in the same environment. Here, we explored the assembly and interaction of oral microbial communities of Chinese and Pakistanis in one university. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant microorganisms in the oral cavity of Chinese and Pakistanis. Streptococcus and Neisseria were the dominant genera of China, while Streptococcus and Haemophilus were the dominant genera of Pakistanis. In addition, the oral community membership and structure were not influenced by season, Chinese/Pakistani student and gender, reflecting the stability of the human oral microbiome. The beta diversity of oral microbiomes between Chinese and Pakistanis significantly differed in winter, but not in spring. The alpha diversity of Chinese students and Pakistani students was similar. Moreover, oral microbial community of both Chinese and Pakistani students was mainly driven by stochastic processes. The microbial network of Chinese was more complexity and stability than that of Pakistanis. Our study uncovers the characteristics of human oral microbiota, which is of great significance for oral and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Sun
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Binghua Han
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qian Han
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Digestive, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Tianshu Feng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, 404120, China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, 404120, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Iqbal A, Siddiqui YD, Chaudhary FA, Abideen MZU, Hussain T, Arjumand B, Almuhaiza M, Mustafa M, Khattak O, Attia RM, Rashed AA, Sultan SE. Caries risk assessment by Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) Protocol among the general population of Pakistan-a multicenter analytical study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16863. [PMID: 38313036 PMCID: PMC10838085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Caries risk (CR) assessment tools are used to properly identify individuals with caries risk and to improve preventive procedures and programs. A tool such as CAMBRA determines the precise protective factors of caries and identifies an individual's specific therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this study was to assess the caries risk using the CAMBRA protocol among the general population of Pakistan. Methods This multicentre analytical study was conducted in ten dental hospitals in different provinces of Pakistan and the caries risk assessment was carried out using a questionnaire that was designed using the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) protocol. All 521 participants were intra-orally examined to assess oral hygiene status and the presence of disease. Multiple logistic regression test was performed for analysis. Results A higher number of participants (61.2%) were found to be in the moderate risk category of caries risk assessment. The males are 51% less likely to have caries compared to the females (AOR = 0.49, P = 0.081). The majority of participants (71.3%) had one or more disease indicators, with white spots and visible cavities. Those with visible, heavy plaque were 13.9 times more likely to have caries compared to those without (AOR = 13.92, P < 0.001). Those using calcium and phosphate during the last 6 months were 90% less likely to have caries compared to those not using them (AOR = 0.10, P < 0.001). There was no significant interaction between all eight risk factors retained in the final model (P > 0.05), the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test P < 0.001, classification accuracy = 87.1%, and AUC = 91.2%. Conclusion The caries risk among the general population of Pakistan is moderate, with significant variation among age groups, education levels, and socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Dilshad Siddiqui
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary
- School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Zain ul Abideen
- Department of Dental Education & Research, College of Dentistry, Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Oral Biology, Women Medical & Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Arjumand
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almuhaiza
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Mohammed Attia
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif Elsayed Sultan
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Bansal D, V S MS, Devi N, Boya C, Dhora Babu K, Dutta P. Trends estimation of obesity prevalence among South Asian young population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:596. [PMID: 38182700 PMCID: PMC10770040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The premise for effective prevention and treatment of obesity is the availability of accurate prevalence figures. However, the prevalence of pediatric obesity and overweight in South Asian countries has seldom been analyzed. This article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of studies on overweight and obesity to provide a more precise prevalence estimate. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022320625). PubMed and Embase databases were comprehensively searched from inception till September 2023. The random-effects model was utilized to derive the pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight. Subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess variations in prevalence estimates across subgroups. A meta-regression analysis was also performed to assess the trend of overweight and obesity over the years. 152 studies were included with 489,525 participants. The pooled prevalence was 12.4 (95% CI 11.1-13.6) for overweight, 6.6% (95% CI 5.6-7.8) for obesity, and 19.3% (95% CI 17.1-21.7) for obesity and overweight. In subgroup analysis, Bangladesh reported a higher prevalence for both obesity (8.9%; 95% CI 4.9-13.9) and overweight (13.6%; 95% CI 9.2-18.8). Meta-regression analysis found a significant association between obesity prevalence and the publication year (β = 0.004; p = 0.03; R2 = 2.74%). The results of this study indicate a relatively higher prevalence of childhood obesity in South Asia, emphasizing the necessity for large-scale awareness efforts and context-specific preventative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Mohammed Safeer V S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Nagita Devi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Boya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Karamsetty Dhora Babu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Iftikhar A, Lal A, Imran A, Wasif M, Ahmed N, Heboyan A. Parental Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Toward Dental Sealants as Preventive Strategy for Dental Caries in Children: A Cross Sectional Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231214090. [PMID: 38024465 PMCID: PMC10666684 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231214090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents residing in Pakistan toward pits and fissure sealants in children. Materials and Methods. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2022 to March 2023. An online questionnaire was distributed through various social media platforms. Independent t-test and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were performed. Results. A total of 570 participants were recruited. For protection against tooth decay, most of the participants 456(80%) believed that fissure sealants should be placed to protect teeth from decay. Placement of fissure sealants was considered to be a cost-effective measure by majority of the 480 (84.2%) respondents. Conclusion. Fissure sealants are one of the most effective preventive measures against tooth decay. The knowledge, attitude and practice of parents were some being aware of fissure sealants and some were not. It appeared to support the placement of fissure sealants for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Iftikhar
- Bahria University of Health and Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aimen Imran
- Bahria University of Health and Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Wasif
- Bahria University of Health and Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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Li Y, Zhang L, Cen W, Yuan Y. Association of KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism with susceptibility to dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1236000. [PMID: 37711595 PMCID: PMC10498278 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1236000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between Kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4) rs2235091 polymorphism and susceptibility to dental caries (DC) by a method of systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Four English databases were searched for studies on the correlation between KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism and susceptibility to DC from inception to April 1, 2023. Data analysis was processed by Stata 15.0 software. Results Four articles were eligible, including 848 individuals with caries and 463 controls. The results of pooled analysis showed no significant differences in the five gene models (G vs. A: odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.73-1.79, P = 0.567; GG + GA vs. AA: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.77-1.32, P = 0.489; GG vs. GA + AA: OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.57-1.23, P = 0.368; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.80-1.41, P = 0.681; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.57-2.31, P = 0.690). However, subgroup analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in the dominant (GG + GA vs. AA: OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02-2.96, P = 0.042) gene model in primary dentition, but no significance in allelic, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous models. Besides, in permanent dentition, no significant differences were found among the five genetic models (all P > 0.05). Conclusion KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to DC of pediatric primary dentition, but not with the risk of caries of permanent dentition. Genotype GG + GA may increase susceptibility to DC of pediatric primary dentition. However, considering the limited records enrolled in this review, more trials with larger sample sizes and more rigorous designs are needed to verify the conclusions of this meta-analysis in the future. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202380014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongping Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, ZJ, China
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11
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Barghouthi ED, Owda AY, Asia M, Owda M. Systematic Review for Risks of Pressure Injury and Prediction Models Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2739. [PMID: 37685277 PMCID: PMC10486671 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure injuries are increasing worldwide, and there has been no significant improvement in preventing them. This study is aimed at reviewing and evaluating the studies related to the prediction model to identify the risks of pressure injuries in adult hospitalized patients using machine learning algorithms. In addition, it provides evidence that the prediction models identified the risks of pressure injuries earlier. The systematic review has been utilized to review the articles that discussed constructing a prediction model of pressure injuries using machine learning in hospitalized adult patients. The search was conducted in the databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHIL), PubMed, Science Direct, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria included studies constructing a prediction model for adult hospitalized patients. Twenty-seven articles were included in the study. The defects in the current method of identifying risks of pressure injury led health scientists and nursing leaders to look for a new methodology that helps identify all risk factors and predict pressure injury earlier, before the skin changes or harms the patients. The paper critically analyzes the current prediction models and guides future directions and motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eba’a Dasan Barghouthi
- Health Sciences Department, Arab American University, Ramallah P600, Palestine; (E.D.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Amani Yousef Owda
- Department of Natural Engineering and Technology Sciences, Arab American University, Ramallah P600, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Asia
- Health Sciences Department, Arab American University, Ramallah P600, Palestine; (E.D.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Majdi Owda
- Faculty of Data Science, Arab American University, Ramallah P600, Palestine;
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12
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Farva K, Sattar H, Ullah H, Raziq A, Mehmood MD, Tareen AK, Sultan IN, Zohra Q, Khan MW. Phenotypic Analysis, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiogram of Caries-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1952. [PMID: 37630520 PMCID: PMC10457851 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts. In this study, oral samples were collected from 900 patients for bacterial strain screening on a biochemical and molecular basis. Plant extracts, such as ginger, garlic, neem, tulsi, amla, and aloe vera, were used to check the antimicrobial activity against the isolated strains. Synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, doxycycline, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, were also used to access the antimicrobial activity. Among 900 patients, 63% were males and 37% were females, patients aged between 36 and 58 (45.7%) years were prone to disease, and the most common symptom was toothache (61%). For oral diseases, 21% used herbs, 36% used antibiotics, and 48% were self-medicated, owing to sweets consumption (60.66%) and fizzy drinks and fast food (51.56%). Staphylococcus mutans (29.11%) and Streptococcus sobrinus (28.11%) were found as the most abundant strains. Seven bacterial strains were successfully screened and predicted to be closely related to genera S. sobrinus, S. mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Eubacterium nodatum, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Treponema Pallidum. Among plant extracts, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded by ginger (22.36 mm) and amla (20.01 mm), while among synthetic antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were most effective against all microbes. This study concluded that phyto extracts of ginger and amla were considered suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to treat dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Farva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Abdur Raziq
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Muhammad Danish Mehmood
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Afrasiab Khan Tareen
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Quratulaain Zohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Project of Sahara for Life Trust, The Sahara College Narowal, Punjab 51601, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
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