1
|
Atta AH, Atta SA, Khattab MS, El-Aziz THA, Mouneir SM, Ibrahim MA, Nasr SM, Emam SR. Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) methanol extract alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83421-83438. [PMID: 37341944 PMCID: PMC10359411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anti-neoplastic therapy, but its use is limited by its deleterious toxic effects including nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. This work aimed at assessing the potential protective effect of Ceratonia siliqua methanol extract (CME) on DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in 5 groups of Wistar rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced experimentally by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of DOX (15 mg/kg). DOX increased serum creatinine, urea, sodium, and potassium levels. It elevated MDA levels in the renal tissue but decreased the concentration of GSH and the activity of GST, CAT, and SOD. Meanwhile, it decreased the level of immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory mediators: IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as the activity of MPO but increased the level of IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 in the renal tissue. DOX has upregulated COX-2, caspase-9, and Bax gene expression and downregulated the Bcl-2 gene expression. Immunolabeling of renal tubular epithelium in DOX-intoxicated rats was moderate to strong against Bax, COX-2, and NF-kβ and weak against Bcl-2. Treatment with CME significantly restored the levels of kidney function parameters and the levels of oxidative stress markers. It stimulated the production of IL-10 and TGF-β and decreased the level of IL-6 and TNF-α. CME reverted the gene expression of COX-2, caspase-9, and Bax. Microscopically, CME alleviated the DOX-induced renal damage. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 26 compounds in the CME. No signs of acute toxicity were recorded by CME up to 4000 mg/kg b. wt. orally into mice. Finally, CME could effectively alleviate the deleterious effects of DOX on the kidney. The safety of carob extract encourages its use in the preparation of valuable therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attia H. Atta
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 1211 Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Atta
- Immunology Department, Theodor Belharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411 Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Khattab
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 1211 Egypt
| | - Tamer H. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St, DokkiGiza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Samar M. Mouneir
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 1211 Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Ibrahim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 1211 Egypt
| | - Soad M. Nasr
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St, DokkiGiza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Shimaa R. Emam
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 1211 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ünal E, Sulukan E, Şenol O, Baran A, Nadaroğlu H, Kankaynar M, Kızıltan T, Ceyhun SB. Antioxidant/protective effects of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) water extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress/toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109584. [PMID: 36822298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In our study, the antioxidant capacity of carob pods water extract (CPWE) against deltamethrin (DM)-induced oxidative stress, a widely used pesticide around the world, was investigated in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the obtained extract was evaluated with different methods using trolox, BHA and BHT standard antioxidants. For in vivo experiments, 4hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to 10 ppb and 25 ppb DM for 120 h and the larvae were treated with 1-10 and 100 ppm CPWE for 4 h at 72th hours. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the exposure of zebrafish to DM during the developmental period causes important body malformations, decrease in survival rate, reduction in eye size, shortening in body length and decrease in locomotor activity in the dark period. In addition, according to the results of whole-mount staining, it was determined that DM caused a significant increase in the amount of free oxygen radicals and apoptotic cells. It was also confirmed by metabolome analysis that CPWE application for 4 h reduced DM-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. As a result, it can be said that CPWE has an important antioxidant capacity in eliminating DM-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ünal
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alper Baran
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nadaroğlu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kankaynar
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kızıltan
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El Sayed NS, Abidar S, Nhiri M, Hritcu L, Ibrahim WW. Aqueous extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. leaves elicits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and AChE inhibiting effects in amyloid-β42-induced cognitive deficit mice: Role of α7-nAChR in modulating Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin cascade. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36760217 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder attributed to several etiological factors including cholinergic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, β-amyloidogenesis, and tauopathy. This demands the search for multitarget drugs, especially of natural sources owing to their pleiotropic activities and low adverse effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the cognitive-improving potential of Ceratonia siliqua L. (Cs) extract compared with donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on AD-like pathological alterations induced by single intracerebroventricular amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) injection in mice. Aβ42-injected mice were treated with Cs (100 mg/kg/day, po) with or without methyllycaconitine (MLA; 1 mg/kg/day, ip), an α7-nAChR antagonist. Aβ42-injected animals demonstrated an elevation of hippocampal Aβ42, p-Tau, and acetylcholinesterase. They also showed a decline in phosphorylated levels of Jak2, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β, leading to induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Noteworthy, Cs improved the histopathological and behavioral variables in addition to mitigating AD hallmarks. It also exerted neuroprotection by reducing NF-κBp65 and TNF-α, while elevating Nrf2 and HO-1, along with stabilizing β-catenin under the impact of Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling. These beneficial effects of Cs were abrogated by MLA co-administration signifying the α7-nAChR involvement in Cs-mediated effects. Therefore, Cs can ameliorate Aβ42-induced neurodegeneration by modulating Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in an α7-nAChR-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Abidar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (LBMG), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier (FSTT) Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (LBMG), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier (FSTT) Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Javanmard F, Bidmeshkipour A, Ghasemian Yadegari J. Ceratonia siliqua L improved cryodamage of asthenozoospermic specimens: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 20:1029-1038. [PMID: 36819209 PMCID: PMC9928979 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i12.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm freezing is an important procedure in assisted reproductive technology. Freezing results in physical and chemical changes in the sperm. Ceratonia siliqua L (C.siliqua) is a tree that has antioxidant properties. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of C.siliqua in a freezing medium on semen parameters, and some biochemical parameters in asthenozoospermic specimens. Materials and Methods Forty asthenozoospermic specimens (semen specimens with motility < 32%) were obtained from men aged between 20-40 yr according to the World Health Organization criteria. Each sample was divided into 6 groups: I) fresh, II) control, III) 5, IV) 10, V) 20, and VI) 30 µg/ml C.siliqua extract were added to a freezing medium respectively. Then sperm parameters, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species, and sperm DNA assay were evaluated using related protocols after thawing. Results Data analysis shows that sperm parameter, and total antioxidant capacity level increased at a concentration of 20 µg/ml of C.siliqua extract compared to the other concentrations of C.siliqua extract after cryopreservation and thawing (p < 0.001). Also, the sperm DNA fragmentation assay, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced by adding 20 µg/ml of C.siliqua extract to the sperm freezing medium compared to the other treated groups after cryopreservation (p < 0.001). Conclusion C.siliqua extract significantly improved sperm parameters after cryopreservation and thawing in asthenozoospermic specimens, and the greatest impact was observed at the 20 µg/ml C.siliqua L extract concentration (p < 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Javanmard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Bidmeshkipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemian Yadegari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
NERI ANNAAIKATERINI, GALANIS DIMITRIOS, GALANOS ANTONIS, PEPE ANGELIKIEIRINI, SOULTANIS KONSTANTINOS, ZERVAS ALEXANDROS, ZOITSIS SPYRIDON, KOURKOULIS STAVROSK, PASIOU ERMIONID, VONTZALIDOU ARGYRO, MICHAILIDIS DIMITRIS, MITAKOU SOFIA, CHRONOPOULOS EFSTATHIOS, KARAMANOLIS GEORGIOS, DONTAS ISMENEA, KARATZAS THEODORE. The Effect of Ceratonia siliqua Supplement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis in Rats. In Vivo 2023; 37:270-285. [PMID: 36593044 PMCID: PMC9843798 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ceratonia siliqua on bone mineral density (BMD) as a non-pharmaceutical alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty mature female Wistar rats were randomly separated into three groups of 10: Control, ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized-plus-C. siliqua (OVX+CS). Total and proximal BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in all groups before ovariectomy, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. At the end of the study, the femurs were subjected to a three-point bending test. RESULTS DEXA revealed no statistically significant difference in absolute values or percentage changes for total tibial BMD between OVX+CS and OVX groups throughout the study. In the proximal tibia, both absolute values and BMD percentage changes from baseline were higher in the OVX+CS group compared to the OVX group after 3 and 6 months of C. siliqua administration. Three-point bending test revealed a significantly higher thickness index in the OVX+CS group compared to the OVX group and a higher cross-sectional area index compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Long-term administration of C. siliqua may be considered a non-pharmaceutical alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Further research is required to properly investigate the effects, and suitable treatment dose and schedule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ANNA AIKATERINI NERI
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - DIMITRIOS GALANIS
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - ANTONIS GALANOS
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - ANGELIKI EIRINI PEPE
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - KONSTANTINOS SOULTANIS
- First Department of Orthopaedics, Attiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - ALEXANDROS ZERVAS
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - SPYRIDON ZOITSIS
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - STAVROS K. KOURKOULIS
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Physics, Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - ERMIONI D. PASIOU
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Physics, Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - ARGYRO VONTZALIDOU
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - DIMITRIS MICHAILIDIS
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - SOFIA MITAKOU
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - EFSTATHIOS CHRONOPOULOS
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - GEORGIOS KARAMANOLIS
- Gastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - ISMENE A. DONTAS
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS) “Th. Garofalidis”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - THEODORE KARATZAS
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lakkab I, Ouakil A, El Hajaji H, Lachkar N, Lefter R, Ciobica A, El Bali B, Dobrin R, Hritcu LD, Lachkar M. Carob Seed Peels Effect on Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress Status in Methionine-Induced Mice Models of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121660. [PMID: 36552121 PMCID: PMC9775430 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Ceratonia siliqua L. (Carob tree) is a Mediterranean evergreen, well known for its medicinal properties. The different parts of Carob were proven to exert antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative effects. Hence, the present paper aims to validate the positive correlation between the high antioxidant activity of carob seed peels and the improvement of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Materials & Methods: The antioxidant activity was carried out using the β-carotene test. Methionine and carob seed peels (CSP) extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) were orally administrated to mice for a week. After administration, behavioral tests were assessed using the Y-maze, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests, as well as the novel object recognition task. Furthermore, the oxidative stress status was evaluated by analyzing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde levels (MDA). Results: Both extracts exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity and showed antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacteria tested (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). Therefore, Escherichia coli was very resistant. The behavioral tests proved the efficacy of CSP in enhancing the cognitive impairment of animal models of schizophrenia. Hence, the stated correlation between oxidative stress and schizophrenia was confirmed by the increased SOD and GPx activities and the decreased MDA level. Conclusions: The present study gave further confirmation of the potential correlation between oxidative stress and the development of psychiatric disorders and highlighted the use of natural antioxidants, especially Ceratonia siliqua L. in the improvement of cognitive impairment in the dementia of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lakkab
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Abdelmoughite Ouakil
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hanane El Hajaji
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nadya Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi, B dul Carol I, No 8, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Romeo Dobrin
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (L.D.H.)
| | - Luminita Diana Hritcu
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Ion Ionescu from Brad University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (L.D.H.)
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mansouri FE, Silva JCGE, Cacciola F, Asraoui F, Tayeq H, Ben Amar YM, Lovillo MP, Chouaibi N, Brigui J. Evaluation of Different Extraction Methods on the Phenolic Profile and the Antioxidant Potential of Ceratonia siliqua L. Pods Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196163. [PMID: 36234696 PMCID: PMC9573579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was designed to investigate the effects of different extraction processes, namely ultrasonic-assisted, supercritical fluid, microwave-assisted and Soxhlet applied to carob pods. The total phenolic quantification and the antioxidant activity were assessed by the means of rapid in vitro spectrophotometric assays; the phenolic profile was identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity varied significantly with the nature of the extraction process. The content of total phenolic compounds ranged from 11.55 to 34.38 mg GAE/g DW; the content of total flavonoids varied from 3.50 to 10.53 mg QE/g DW, and the content of condensed tannins fluctuated from 3.30 to 6.55 mg CE/ g DW. All extracts performed differently on antioxidant activity when determined by the DPPH assay producing a dose-dependent response, with IC50 extended from 11.33 to 6.07 µg/mL. HPLC analysis enabled the identification of nine compounds. As a function of the studied extraction methods, the phenolic compound contents were positively correlated with antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad El Mansouri
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier BP 416, Morocco
- Correspondence: (F.E.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +212-662-102-847 (F.E.M.); +39-090-676-6570 (F.C.)
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQUP), Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (IMS), Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical Dental Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.E.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +212-662-102-847 (F.E.M.); +39-090-676-6570 (F.C.)
| | - Fadoua Asraoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Hatim Tayeq
- MAE2D Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Yasmine Mttougui Ben Amar
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier BP 416, Morocco
| | - Miguel Palma Lovillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Noureddine Chouaibi
- Laboratory of LAMSE, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Tangier BP 416, Morocco
| | - Jamal Brigui
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier BP 416, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antonopoulou E, Panteli N, Feidantsis K, Mastoraki M, Koutsogeorgiou EI, Grivaki E, Papagrigoriou T, Christias SP, Chatzifotis S, Lazari D, Andreadis SS, Krigas N. Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua) as Functional Feed Is Beneficial in Yellow Mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) Rearing: Evidence from Growth, Antioxidant Status and Cellular Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091840. [PMID: 36139915 PMCID: PMC9495811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In terms of sustainability and circular economy, agricultural by-products may be efficiently reused in insects’ rearing for high-quality protein sources in human diet and animal feeds. The present study aimed to explore whether the utilization of carob pods as feeding substrate may beneficially affect Tenebrio molitor’s growth, nutritional value, antioxidant status and cellular responses. Increasing levels of milled whole carob pods (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) were used as alternative wheat bran (control) substrates for yellow mealworm rearing, while growth performance, proximate composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of stress- and apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated in larvae. The results showed that carob pods’ content up to 75% did not significantly differentiate larvae weight, development time and total dry matter. Larvae total phenolic content and antioxidant activity exhibited a significant increase at 75% content. Although the antioxidant enzymes’ activity decreased at both 25 and 50% levels, higher carob content levels (75 and 100%) resulted in no significant changes compared to the control. Carob pods led to decreased apoptotic indicators and the low expression of most stress-related proteins compared to the control. The present findings demonstrate that carob pods and their antioxidant properties exert beneficial effects on T. molitor’s rearing and nutritional status, although 100% carob content may impact adversely the larvae due to the high amounts of carob tannins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.A.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310-998563 (E.A.); +30-2310-471110 (N.K.)
| | - Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Mastoraki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni I. Koutsogeorgiou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Eirini Grivaki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papagrigoriou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Chatzifotis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos S. Andreadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, 57001 Thermi, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.A.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310-998563 (E.A.); +30-2310-471110 (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Green synthesis of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles using carob fruit extract and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
10
|
Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030657. [PMID: 35336031 PMCID: PMC8950939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp flour extract was evaluated. The strongest influence was that of the ethanol concentration, followed by extraction time. Optimal process parameters for maximizing total antioxidant activity were determined, using response surface methodology: ethanol concentration 40%, time 25 min and power 800 W. Carob extract obtained at optimal conditions (CE) was analyzed in vivo using a paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in mice. Treatment with CE attenuated the parameters of liver injury, especially aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, and prevented paracetamol-induced increase in malondialdehyde levels. Pretreatment with CE reversed the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes after the high dose of paracetamol in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced using a toxic dose of paracetamol was also seen through histopathological alterations, which were significantly reduced in the groups treated with CE prior to paracetamol. Still, the number of Kupffer cells and macrophages did not differ among groups. Finally, pretreatment of mice with CE and paracetamol significantly decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ceratonia siliqua L. kibbles, seeds and leaves as a source of volatile bioactive compounds for antioxidant food biopackaging applications. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Mansour RB, Beji RS, Wasli H, Zekri S, Ksouri R, Megdiche-Ksouri W, Cardoso SM. Gastroprotective Effect of Microencapsulated Myrtus communis Essential Oil against Ethanol/HCl-Induced Acute Gastric Lesions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051566. [PMID: 35268666 PMCID: PMC8911731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. essential oil (EO), mainly composed of myrtenyl acetate (30.6%), linalool (14.9%), α-pinene (11.10%) and 1,8-cineole or eucalyptol (9.9%), was microencapsulated with maltodextrin by emulsification and spray-drying, reaching a yield and efficiency of 43.7 and 48.7%, respectively. The microencapsulated myrtle EO (MMEO) was then evaluated regarding its gastroprotective activity in a model of ethanol/HCl-induced acute gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Pretreatment with MMEO induced a remarkable inhibition of gastric lesions and acidity, correlated to high healing and protection percentages. Moreover, it exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect on the gastric mucosa, counteracting EtOH-induced gastric lipoperoxidation and preventing the depletion of the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Taken together, the gastroprotective action of encapsulated MMEO may be multi-factorial, and ascribable, at least in parts, to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Ben Mansour
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (R.S.B.); (H.W.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Raja Serairi Beji
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (R.S.B.); (H.W.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
- High School of Health Sciences and Technics, BP 176, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Wasli
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (R.S.B.); (H.W.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Sami Zekri
- USCR, Unité de Services Communs pour la Recherche en Microscopie Electronique à Transmission, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis 1029, Tunisia;
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (R.S.B.); (H.W.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Wided Megdiche-Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (R.S.B.); (H.W.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wahabi S, Rtibi K, Abidi C, Tounsi H, Ouerghui A, Sebai H. Prophylactic Protective Action of Aqueous Extract of Green Oak Acorns on Ethanol-Induced Acute Injury to Rat Gastroduodenal Mucosa. J Med Food 2022; 25:303-312. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Wahabi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Abidi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abid Ouerghui
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Sanagoo S, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Asgharian P, Hazhir S, Oskouei BS. Comparison of the effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. fruit oral capsule and vitamin E on semen parameters in men with idiopathic infertility: a triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:791-796. [PMID: 34704430 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of oral Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) and vitamin E on sperm parameters in idiopathic infertile men. METHODS In this triple-blind randomized controlled trial study, fifty 20-45-year-old infertile men with idiopathic abnormal sperm parameters were selected among men referring to the infertility clinic of Al Zahra-Iran Hospital, and randomly allocated into two groups. The first group received Carob capsules, 500 mg, and the second group received vitamin E capsules three times a day for 90 days. The primary outcomes of this study were the sperm parameters (count, motility, and morphology). RESULTS After the intervention, the mean of sperm count increased from 49.08 to 60.22 million/mL in the carob vs. it increased from 47.64 to 58.88 million/mL in the vitamin E group (adjusted mean difference (aMD)=1.124 million/ml, 95% CI: -12.892 to 15.141). The mean sperm motility increased from 45.90 to 52.90% in the carob group but decreased from 55.23 to 38.10% in the vitamin E group (aMD=17.22%, 95% CI: 8.53 to 25.92). The mean sperms with normal morphology increased from 11.52 to 67.05% in the carob, and from 10.20 to 77.47% in the vitamin E group (aMD=-10.88%, 95% CI: -22.30 to 0.536). There was no serious side effect during the treatment course. CONCLUSIONS Taking 1,500 mg oral dose of Carob capsule per day for 90 days improved sperm motility but had no significant effect for improving morphology and count comparing to vitamin E capsule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sanagoo
- Department of Midwifery, Students Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Aging Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Hazhir
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sadeghzadeh Oskouei
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fujita K, Norikura T, Matsui-Yuasa I, Kumazawa S, Honda S, Sonoda T, Kojima-Yuasa A. Carob pod polyphenols suppress the differentiation of adipocytes through posttranscriptional regulation of C/EBPβ. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248073. [PMID: 33684156 PMCID: PMC7939365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for various chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer; hence, there is an urgent need for an effective strategy to prevent this disorder. Currently, the anti-obesity effects of food ingredients are drawing attention. Therefore, we focused on carob, which has high antioxidant capacity and various physiological effects, and examined its anti-obesity effect. Carob is cultivated in the Mediterranean region, and its roasted powder is used as a substitute for cocoa powder. We investigated the effect of carob pod polyphenols (CPPs) on suppressing increases in adipose tissue weight and adipocyte hypertrophy in high fat diet-induced obesity model mice, and the mechanism by which CPPs inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes in vitro. In an in vivo experimental system, we revealed that CPPs significantly suppressed the increase in adipose tissue weight and adipocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, in an in vitro experimental system, CPPs acted at the early stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppressed cell proliferation because of differentiation induction. They also suppressed the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, thereby reducing triacylglycerol synthesis ability and triglycerol (TG) accumulation. Notably, CPPs regulated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β, which is expressed at the early stage of differentiation, at the posttranscriptional level. These results demonstrate that CPPs suppress the differentiation of adipocytes through the posttranscriptional regulation of C/EBPβ and may serve as an effective anti-obesity compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Fujita
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Norikura
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sari Honda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Functional Exploitation of Carob, Oat Flour, and Whey Permeate as Substrates for a Novel Kefir-Like Fermented Beverage: An Optimized Formulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020294. [PMID: 33535686 PMCID: PMC7912806 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the fortification of a carob-based kefir-like beverage (KLB) with whey permeate (WP) and oat flour (OF). The response surface method was used to show the effect of WP and OF concentrations on lactic acid bacteria and yeast cell densities, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total phenolics content (TCP), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and overall acceptability (OA) in KLB. The statistical design provided thirteen formulations where OF concentration varied from 3% to 5% and WP from 10% to 15%. The enrichment of carob pods decoction with WP and OF had a positive effect on biomass production. Overall fermentation was shown to increase TPC of KLB. Furthermore, OF supplementation led to the higher levels of TPC and antiradical activity. WP negatively affected OA at linear and quadratic levels, whereas no effect of OF was observed at the linear level. The optimum point was found by using WP at 11.51% and OF at 4.77%. Optimized KLB resulted in an enrichment of bioavailable phenolics derivatives and highly digestible proteins.
Collapse
|
18
|
Duran Y, Karaboğa İ, Polat FR, Polat E, Erboğa ZF, Ovalı MA, Öztopuz RÖ, Çelikkol A, Yılmaz A. Royal jelly attenuates gastric mucosal injury in a rat ethanol-induced gastric injury model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8867-8879. [PMID: 33135128 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate traditionally used Royal Jelly (RJ) for treating an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. A total of 32 Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8: group I = Control, group II = Ethanol, group III = RJ + Ethanol, and group IV = Lansoprazole + Ethanol. In groups II, III, and IV, animals were administered 1 ml of absolute ethanol orally after a 24-h fast to induce ulcer formation. The histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa were determined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemically, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa beta (Nf-κβ) markings were evaluated in gastric tissue. Cell death in the gastric mucosa was determined by the TUNEL method. Oxidative status markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Expression of the interleukin - 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes in gastric tissues was determined by real-time PCR; and TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β levels were determined. RJ was found to inhibit iNOS and Nf-κβ activity in the gastric mucosa and prevent epithelial cell apoptosis. In particular, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased in the RJ + Ethanol group compared to the Ethanol group. In addition, a decrease in the MPO level indicated that RJ prevented tissue damage, especially by preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The study demonstrated a possible gastroprotective effect of RJ in a rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Duran
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, School of Health, Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Fatin Rüştü Polat
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Fidanol Erboğa
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Ovalı
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Rahime Özlem Öztopuz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Aliye Çelikkol
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yılmaz
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) extract improved in vitro development of vitrified-warmed mouse germinal vesicle oocytes: assessment of possible mechanism. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:137-144. [PMID: 33052521 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte banking is a vital step for safekeeping and spreading genetic resources of animals. It is also used for fertility preservation of human. Oocyte vitrification is closely related to the lower developmental competence which includes the cryo-injury arisen during vitrification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the maturation, embryonic development and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of mice oocytes following the supplementation vitrification media with different concentrations of Ceratonia siliqua (carob) extracts. In this experimental study, germinal vesicle oocytes collected from 8 to 10 week-old female NMRI mice (30-40 gr) were randomly divided into six groups of vitrification media supplemented with 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 µg/ml C. siliqua. After thawing, oocytes were put in an in vitro maturation medium (IVM) (α-MEM: Alpha Minimum Essential Medium). 3-4 and 24 h (hr) later, the oocyte nuclear maturity was checked. Standard in vitro fertilization was performed on the matured oocytes (MII), and embryonic development was followed. Extra- and intra-cellular ROS was measured in IVM medium after 24 h of oocyte incubation. The addition of 20 and 30 μg/ml C. siliqua extract to vitrification media improved normal morphology of warmed germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, rate of germinal vesicle break down (GVBD), and metaphase 2 (MII) oocyte formation significantly (p < 0.05). Fertilization rate, (embryonic development to 2 cells stage, 4-8 cells stage, and > 8 cells stage increased in the 30 μg/ml C. siliqua group significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation of 30 μg/ml C. siliqua in vitrification media significantly decreased extra- and intra-cellular of ROS as well as embryonic fragmentation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of GV oocyte vitrification media with carob extract improved maturation, fertilization, and embryonic development rate and decreased extra- and intra-cellular ROS levels.
Collapse
|
20
|
The Great Healing Potential Hidden in Plant Preparations of Antioxidant Properties: A Return to Nature? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8163868. [PMID: 33101592 PMCID: PMC7569450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8163868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of chemicals in industry and agriculture has contributed to environmental pollution and exposure of living organisms to harmful factors. The development of new pharmaceutical agents enabled successful therapy of various diseases, but their administration may be connected with side effects. Oxidative stress has been found to be involved into etiology of numerous diseases as well as harmful action of drugs and chemicals. For some time, plant origin substances have been studied as potential protective agents alleviating toxicity of various substances and symptoms of diseases. The aim of the current review was to present the diversity of the research performed during the last five years on animal models. The outcomes showed a huge protective potential inherent in plant preparations, including alleviating prooxidative processes, strengthening antioxidant defence, ameliorating immune parameters, and reversing histopathological changes. In many cases, plant origin substances were proved to be comparable or even better than standard drugs. Such findings let us suggest that in the future the plant preparations could make adjuvants or a replacement for pharmaceutical agents. However, the detailed research regarding dose and way of administration as well as the per se effects needs to be performed. In many studies, the last issue was not studied, and in some cases, the deleterious effects have been observed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Barkaoui T, Hamimed S, Bellamine H, Bankaji I, Sleimi N, Landoulsi A. Alleviated Actions of Plantago albicans Extract on Lead Acetate-Produced Hepatic Damage in Rats Through Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities. J Med Food 2020; 23:1201-1215. [PMID: 32316841 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the possible protective mechanisms and to determine the antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds extracted from Plantago albicans against lead acetate-induced hepatic injury. High performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS) assay was used to identify the P. albicans extract phenolic compounds. Animals received 100 mg of lead acetate/kg of body weight (bw) in the drinking water for a period of 30 days. The other groups of rats were orally administered with silymarin (300 mg/kg bw) or the P. albicans extract at two doses (100 and 300 mg/kg of bw), once daily, by gastric gavage for the same time. The P. albicans exhibited high total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. The antioxidant in vitro activity demonstrated that the P. albicans exhibits an important effect against deleterious reactive species. The in vivo results showed that P. albicans prevented the lead acetate-induced significant changes on serum and liver lipid levels. In contrast, P. albicans succeeded in improving the biochemical parameters of serum and liver bringing them closer to the normal values of the control group. It also significantly promoted (P < .05) pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB) in the liver of the experimental animals. The evaluated sample with HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS method showed to contain 10 dominant polyphenols, 2 hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acids), 4 flavones (Apigenin, Luteolin, Cirsiliol, and Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside), and an anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside). Hence, it can be concluded that P. albicans could be a potent source of health-beneficial phytochemicals providing a novel therapy to protect liver against lead exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Barkaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Selma Hamimed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Regional Hospital of Menzel Bourguiba, Menzel Bourguiba, Republic of Tunisia
| | - Insaf Bankaji
- RME - Laboratory of Resources, Materials, Valorisation and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Noomene Sleimi
- RME - Laboratory of Resources, Materials, Valorisation and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abidar S, Boiangiu RS, Dumitru G, Todirascu-Ciornea E, Amakran A, Cioanca O, Hritcu L, Nhiri M. The Aqueous Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Leaves Protects Against 6-hydroxydopamine in Zebrafish: Understanding the Underlying Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040304. [PMID: 32276477 PMCID: PMC7222174 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L. is a Mediterranean medicinal plant traditionally cultivated for its ethnopharmacological benefits, such as antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, enhance acetylcholine, antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic, and for its possible anti-neurodegenerative potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition, as well as the cognitive-enhancing, anxiolytic, and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from C. siliqua (CsAE) leaves against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) zebrafish Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. CsAE (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/L) was administered by immersion to zebrafish (Danio rerio) for eight consecutive days and one hour before each behavioral test of each day, while 6-OHDA (250 µM) treatment was supplied one day before the novel tank diving test (NTT). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis. The memory performance was evaluated through the NTT and Y-maze tests. Additionally, the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also assessed. Our finds demonstrated that CsAE presented positive antioxidant and anti-AChE activities, which contributed to the improvement of cognitive function in the 6-OHDA zebrafish PD model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abidar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Razvan Stefan Boiangiu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (E.T.-C.)
| | - Gabriela Dumitru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (E.T.-C.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (L.H.); Tel.: +40-232-201-522 (G.D.); +40-232-201-666 (L.H.)
| | - Elena Todirascu-Ciornea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (E.T.-C.)
| | - Amina Amakran
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (L.H.); Tel.: +40-232-201-522 (G.D.); +40-232-201-666 (L.H.)
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruit hydro-alcoholic extract alleviates reproductive toxicity of lead in male mice: Evidence on sperm parameters, sex hormones, oxidative stress biomarkers and expression of Nrf2 and iNOS. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:35-49. [PMID: 31921606 PMCID: PMC6941692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree with fruits that have potent antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate alleviative effects of carob fruit hydro-alcoholic extract (CFHAE) against reproductive toxicity induced by lead (Pb) in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two NMRI adult male mice were randomly categorized into 7 groups (N=6). Group I was the control group and received no treatment. Group II was the sham group and received 0.2 ml distilled water per day. Group III (Pb group) received Pb acetate 1000 ppm/kg/day. Groups IV and V received CFHAE 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively. Groups VI and VII received both Pb 1000 ppm/kg/day and CFHAE at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively at the same time. The groups were treated by gavage. After 35 days, sperm parameters (count, motility, morphology, viability, DNA damage, and teratozoospermia index), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione content (GSH), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activity, MDA levels, and sex hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone) concentrations in serum, testicular expression of Nrf2 and iNOS genes and histopathological alterations were evaluated. RESULTS Our findings revealed that co-administration of CFHAE with Pb significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) improved sperm parameters, elevated sex hormones, TAC, GSH content, and antioxidant enzymes activity of serum, decreased serum MDA levels, and down-regulated testicular expression of Nrf2 and iNOS genes compared with Pb group. Also, CFHAE ameliorated histopathological alterations in testis tissue caused by Pb. CONCLUSION CFHAE can alleviate reproductive toxicity following Pb exposure in male mice.
Collapse
|
24
|
Aghajani MMR, Mahdinezhad Gorji N, Mirabi P, Mojab F. Effect of Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) syrup and vitamin E on sperm parameters, oxidative stress index and sex hormones in infertile men: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:452-457. [PMID: 31814945 PMCID: PMC6856924 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.10.4.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Spermatogenesis is a necessary process in fertility and reproductive capacity of humans. In view of the relative high prevalence of spermatogenesis disorders in men and the failure of treatments provided in conventional medicine, new therapeutic approaches are being considered. This study will be designed to investigate the effect of Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) syrup and vitamin E on sperm parameters, oxidative stress index and reproductive hormones in infertile men. Methods: This randomized controlled trial protocol will be set in Babol Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. The proposed sample size is 60 men with oligozoospermia and teratospermia with 30 men in the experimental group taking Carob syrup while 30 men in the comparison group receiving vitamin E. The primary outcome measure is the change in semen parameters and secondary outcome measures including change in endocrine parameters and stress oxidative markers. This research was registered in the website of Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials as IRCT20171209037794N1identification number Conclusion: If the beneficial effect of this herb can be confirmed, it will provide a cost-effective method for helping infertile men and provide evidence-based references for the treatment of male infertility in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohammad Reza Aghajani
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Neda Mahdinezhad Gorji
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mirabi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Faramarzi A, Aghaz F, Bakhtiari M, Khazaei M. In vitro application of Ceratonia siliqua improved sperm parameters and chromatin quality after vitrifacation in normozoospermic aged men. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-019-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitrification is the main technique in the assisted reproductive technique (ART) labs. Sperm vitrification exposes sperm to damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua) application on sperm parameters and chromatin quality in normozoospermic aged men. Semen samples (n = 40) were collected from normozoospermic men over 45 years old. Each specimen was divided into four aliquots to form the subsequent groups: fresh (group I), vitrification without treatment (group II), vitrification with the medium supplemented by 20 μg/ml C. siliqua (group III), and vitrification with the thawing medium supplemented by 20 μg/ml C. siliqua (group IV). Sperm progressive motility, normal morphology and viability were assessed. Also, sperm chromatin quality was evaluated by aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) staining.
Results
Vitrification caused a significant decrease in sperm progressive motility, normal morphology and viability as well as chromatin quality compared to fresh samples (p < 0.05). Supplementation of vitrification/thawing medium with C. siliqua significantly improved sperm progressive motility, normal morphology, viability, and chromatin quality compared to vitrification without any supplementation (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The study showed that C. siliqua can improve the detrimental effect of vitrification on sperm parameters and chromatin quality of normozoospermic aged men.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sadat SS, Mohammadi S, Sazegar G, Fazel A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Beheshti F, Attari SS, Tavallaei S. Effects of Carob Fruit Extract on Spermatogenesis, Antioxidant Status, and Apoptosis in Adult Male Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Certain plants stimulate spermatogenesis and increase fertility; in contrast, some plants arrest the spermatogenesis cycle. Ceratonia siliqua is an herb plant with a strong antioxidant property. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carob fruit extract on spermatogenesis, testicular apoptosis, and oxidative stress in adult male mice. Methods: Forty adult male mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, and carob 1–3. The sham group was injected with normal saline and the carob 1–3 groups were injected with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of the carob fruit extract intraperitoneally for 14 days, respectively. At the end of the injection period, spermatogenesis, testicular apoptosis, and oxidative stress were examined. Results: The sperm parameters increased in the mice that received 200 mg/kg of carob compared to the sham group (p <0.05). There was a significant increase in the weight index of the epididymis in the carob 3 group in comparison to the sham group (p = 0.01). The number of positive tunnel cells was not statistically significant between different groups (p>0.05). The level of malondialdehyde decreased in the carob 1 and carob 3 groups, but this reduction was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean superoxide dismutase levels in the carob 2 and carob 3 groups in comparison to the sham group (p ≤ 0.001). The statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the mean level of the catalase enzyme in the carob 1 group in comparison to the sham (p = 0.02), and carob 2 groups (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The administration of 200 mg of the carob fruit extract for 14 days increased the testicular index as well as sperm parameters and decreased the level of oxidative stress in the testicular tissue of adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sadegh Sadat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohammadi
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sazegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Fazel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutritional Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Saleheh Attari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Tavallaei
- Biochemistry of Nutritional Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Arribas C, Pereira E, Barros L, Alves MJ, Calhelha RC, Guillamón E, Pedrosa MM, Ferreira IC. Healthy novel gluten-free formulations based on beans, carob fruit and rice: Extrusion effect on organic acids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds and bioactivity. Food Chem 2019; 292:304-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
28
|
Faramarzi A, Aghaz F, Golestan Jahromi M, Bakhtiari M, Khazaei M. Does supplementation of sperm freezing/thawing media with Ceratonia siliqua improve detrimental effect of cryopreservation on sperm parameters and chromatin quality in normozoospermic specimens? Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:403-409. [PMID: 31313030 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human sperm banking is an important procedure in the assisted reproductive technique centers. It entails sperm damage. The aim of this study was to investigate beneficial effect of Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua) supplement in freezing/thawing media on post thaw sperm parameters and sperm chromatin quality in normozoospermic samples. Forty normozoospermic specimens were included in this prospective study. Each sample was divided into ten groups. In groups one to five, 0 (as control group) 5, 10, 20 and 30 µg/ml C. siliqua were added to freezing medium and in groups six to ten, similar concentration of C. siliqua were added to thawing medium for 30 min incubation. Sperm concentration, progressive motility, normal morphology, viability, aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB) and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) staining tests were evaluated before vitrification and after thawing. The results showed that 10 and 20 µg/ml supplementation of C. siliqua in freezing/thawing media significantly increased progressive motility, normal morphology and viability of sperm (p < 0.05) as well as decreased AB, TB and SCD (p < 0.05). Also, 20 µg/ml had significantly higher improvement compared to 10 µg/ml C. siliqua (p < 0.05). The present study showed that C. siliqua supplemented freezing/thawing media can improve sperm quality of normozoospermic samples after freezing/thawing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Faramarzi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farank Aghaz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Bakhtiari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lakkab I, El Hajaji H, Lachkar N, Lefter R, Ciobica A, El Bali B, Lachkar M. Ceratonia siliqua L. seed peels: Phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and effect on mood disorders. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
30
|
Stavrou IJ, Christou A, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Polyphenols in carobs: A review on their composition, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effects, and health impact. Food Chem 2018; 269:355-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
31
|
Colorectal cancer and medicinal plants: Principle findings from recent studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:408-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
32
|
Vafaei A, Mohammadi S, Fazel A, Soukhtanloo M, Mohammadipour A, Beheshti F. Effects of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) on Sperm Quality, Testicular Structure, Testosterone Level and Oxidative Stress in Busulfan-Induced Infertile Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
33
|
Qasem MA, Noordin MI, Arya A, Alsalahi A, Jayash SN. Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4788. [PMID: 29844959 PMCID: PMC5970558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceratonia siliqua pods (carob) have been nominated to control the high blood glucose of diabetics. In Yemen, however, its antihyperglycemic activity has not been yet assessed. Thus, this study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of carob pods against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and the in vivo glycemic effect of such extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Methods 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of carob. In vitro cytotoxicity of carob was conducted on human hepatocytes (WRL68) and rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-5F). Acute oral toxicity of carob was conducted on a total of 18 male and 18 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subdivided into three groups (n = 6), namely: high and low dose carob-treated (CS5000 and CS2000, respectively) as well as the normal control (NC) receiving a single oral dose of 5,000 mg kg-1 carob, 2,000 mg kg-1 carob and 5 mL kg-1 distilled water for 14 days, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were assessed. Livers and kidneys were harvested for histopathology. In vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated. In vivo glycemic activity was conducted on 24 male SD rats which were previously intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 210 mg kg-1nicotinamide to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. An extra non-injected group (n = 6) was added as a normal control (NC). The injected-rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), namely: diabetic control (D0), 5 mg kg-1glibenclamide-treated diabetic (GD), 500 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS500) and 1,000 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS1000). All groups received a single oral daily dose of their treatment for 4 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistry, insulin and hemostatic model assessment were assessed. Pancreases was harvested for histopathology. Results Carob demonstrated a FRAP value of 3191.67 ± 54.34 µmoL Fe++ and IC50 of DPPH of 11.23 ± 0.47 µg mL-1. In vitro, carob was non-toxic on hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In acute oral toxicity, liver and kidney functions and their histological sections showed no abnormalities. Carob exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 92.99 ± 0.22 and 97.13 ± 4.11 µg mL-1, respectively. In diabetic induced rats, FBG of CS1000 was significantly less than diabetic control. Histological pancreatic sections of CS1000 showed less destruction of β-cells than CS500 and diabetic control. Conclusion Carob pod did not cause acute systemic toxicity and showed in vitro antioxidant effects. On the other hand, inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evident. Interestingly, a high dose of carob exhibits an in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and warrants further in-depth study to identify the potential carob extract composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A Qasem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Abdulsamad Alsalahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hamad SR, Hamad Mohamed HR. Amelioration of ethanol induced apoptotic DNA damage and ulcerative injuries in the mice gastric tissues by starch oral administration. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:130-139. [PMID: 28849987 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1373879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, gastric ulcers have become very common gastrointestinal disorders and numerous natural plant extracts exert promising anti-ulcerative effects. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of dietary starch against ethanol induced gastric ulcers in mice. Post-administration of dietary starch for three consecutive days caused remarkable ameliorations in hemorrhagic lesions in gastric mucus and significant suppression in % incidence of ulceration, ulcer index and ulcer score induced by ethanol single administration. Indeed, deep ulceration, necrosis, disruption and degeneration in large areas of mucosa layer together with dense inflammatory cells infiltration and edema in sub-mucosal layer induced by ethanol administration were attenuated by starch post-administration and normalized the tissue architecture of the stomach. This potential protective effect could be attributed to the potent anti-oxidative capacity of starch that causes scavenger of the reactive oxygen species and thereby decreasing single and double DNA stranded break inductions and apoptotic DNA damage revealed by returning the p53 and caspase-3 expression levels to the normal level compared to the ethanol treated group. In conclusion, dietary starch has a potent therapeutic effect against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice via its free radical scavengers ability. Thus, we recommended further studies on its possible use as antiulcer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ramadan Hamad
- a Department of Histopathology , National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) , Cairo , Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rtibi K, Selmi S, Grami D, Amri M, Eto B, El-Benna J, Sebai H, Marzouki L. Chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of carob pods and leaves (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on the gastrointestinal tract: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:522-528. [PMID: 28686965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L., is a medicinal plant used in Tunisian traditional medicine for the treatment of the gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders. In this respect, a relatively large number of scientific publications on the carob tree have been published in recent years. Therefore, the present review was aimed to analyze the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ceratonia siliqua on the GI tract. Indeed, previous investigations on the carob pods and leaves have revealed the presence of a number of compounds including high amounts of carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals, polyphenols, flavonoids and low amounts of protein and lipids. This plant possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheique, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-constipation and anti-absorptive of glucose activities in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of C. siliqua, we concluded that this species has beneficial preventive and therapeutic properties, especially, in digestive tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- TransCell-Lab, Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149 Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rtibi K, Selmi S, Grami D, Saidani K, Sebai H, Amri M, Eto B, Marzouki L. Ceratonia siliqua L. (immature carob bean) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption, improves glucose tolerance and protects against alloxan-induced diabetes in rat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2664-2670. [PMID: 27739095 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the effects of immature carob pod aqueous extract (ICPAE) on intestinal glucose absorption in vitro and in vivo using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as the potential antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. OGTT was carried by administration of glucose (2 g kg-1 , p.o.) and after treatment with extract (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg kg-1 ). However, the extracts at various doses or glibenclamide (GLB, 10 mg kg-1 body weight) were given by oral administration for 2 weeks. RESULTS ICPAE (50-2000 µg mL-1 ) exerted dose-dependent reduction of sodium-dependent glucose transport across isolated mice jejunum and the maximal inhibition exceeded 50%.The ICPAE treatment improved glucose tolerance. More importantly, ICPAE at various doses showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and biochemical profiles in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that the degree of maturity of carob characterized by a different phytochemical composition may be responsible for these actions. Therefore, these compounds may be used as a food supplement in hyperglycemia and diabetes treatments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Saidani
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TransCell-Lab, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichât, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rtibi K, Selmi S, Jabri MA, El-Benna J, Amri M, Marzouki L, Sebai H. Protective Effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. Against a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Alterations in Liver and Kidney in Rat. J Med Food 2016; 19:882-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine X, Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rtibi K, Jabri MA, Selmi S, Sebai H, Marie JC, Amri M, Marzouki L, El-Benna J. Preventive effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rat. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are a common mechanism of many gastrointestinal diseases such ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte
- 7021 Zarzouna
- Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Resssources
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja
- 382-9000 Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte
- 7021 Zarzouna
- Tunisia
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| |
Collapse
|