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Wu Z, Liu C, Peng Y, Zhou F, Xu B, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Lu M. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine retention enema combined with perineal massage (THREM): a promising therapeutic strategy for refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:759-768. [PMID: 38855610 PMCID: PMC11157392 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms and persistent pelvic pain or discomfort lasting for more than three months. Currently available oral drug therapies exhibit limited efficacy in the treatment of CP/CPPS. Therefore, personalized and combination therapies are recommended by Chinese CP/CPPS guidelines, which primarily include traditional Chinese medicine, radiofrequency therapy, urethral lavage, transrectal prostate massage, extracorporeal shock wave therapy. However, a significant number of patients do not respond well to all types of these therapeutic methods. Among those who have sequentially or simultaneously undergone at least three different treatment modalities, in addition to oral medications, for more than 1 year, they are defined as patients with refractory CP/CPPS. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine retention enema combined with perineal massage (THREM) in managing refractory CP/CPPS. Methods A total of 20 patients with refractory CP/CPPS, who did not show significant improvement despite receiving multiple conventional treatments, including oral medications, were included in this study. Following THREM therapy, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) quality of life (QoL) score were used to assess treatment efficacy. Results Six months after THREM therapy, a significant decrease in IPSS, VAS, and QoL scores was observed (P<0.01). Importantly, 85% of the patients experienced a reduction in symptoms of ≥60%, with an average degree of alleviation reaching 70.25%±24.20%. Conclusions THREM treatment demonstrated excellent efficacy in managing refractory CP/CPPS at least for 6 months. It has promising clinical application prospects. Further research is warranted to validate these results and explore the underlying mechanisms of THREM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
- Yubao Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubing Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Hu
- Department of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Mujun Lu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
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Yang J, Shen X, Qin M, Zhou P, Huang FH, You Y, Wang L, Wu JM. Suppressing inflammatory signals and apoptosis-linked sphingolipid metabolism underlies therapeutic potential of Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan decoction against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24336. [PMID: 38318072 PMCID: PMC10839876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan decoction (QJHTD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that first appeared in the ancient book Yi-Xue-Tong-Zhi. QJHTD has shown effectiveness for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although its mechanisms of action are still perplexing. The molecular mechanisms underlying the curative effects of QJHTD on COPD is worth exploring. Methods In vitro antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory activities of QJHTD were evaluated using cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis rate, and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells challenged with cigarette smoke (CS) extract (CSE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo therapeutic activities of QJHTD were evaluated using respiratory parameters (peak inspiratory flow (PIFb) and peak expiratory flow (PEFb) values), histopathology (mean linear intercept, MLI), and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) and cleaved caspase-3 (c-Casp3) levels in the lung tissue of CS-LPS-exposed BALB/c mice. Network pharmacology-based prediction, transcriptomic analysis, and metabolic profiling were employed to investigate the signaling molecules and metabolites pertinent to the anti-COPD action of QJHTD. Results Increased cell viability and proliferation with decreased apoptosis rate and proinflammatory cytokine expression were noted after QJHTD intervention. QJHTD administration elevated PEFb and PIFb values, reduced MLI, and inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α, and c-Casp3 expression in vivo. Integrated network pharmacology-transcriptomics revealed that suppressing inflammatory signals (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IκB-NF-κB, TLR, and MAPK) and apoptosis contributed to the anti-COPD property of QJHTD. Metabolomic profiling unveiled prominent roles for the suppression of apoptosis and sphingolipid (SL) metabolism and the promotion of choline (Ch) metabolism in the anti-COPD effect of QJHTD. Integrative transcriptomics-metabolomics unraveled the correlation between SL metabolism and apoptosis. In silico molecular docking revealed that acacetin, as an active compound in QJHTD, could bind with high affinity to MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2, Bcl2, NF-κB, and alCDase target proteins. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of QJHTD on COPD is dependent on regulating inflammatory signals and apoptosis-directed SL metabolism. These findings provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of action of QJHTD against COPD and justify its theoretical promise in novel pharmacotherapy for this multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mi Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
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Kong K, Huang Z, Shi S, Pan W, Zhang Y. Diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36707757 PMCID: PMC9883868 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, as special microorganisms, are important sources of antibacterial compounds. However, the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Pinellia Tenore have not been systematically studied. RESULTS A total of 77 fungi were isolated from roots, stems, leaves, and tubers of Pinellia ternata and P. pedatisecta. All fungi were belonged to five classes and twenty-five different genera. Biological activities tests indicated that 21 extracts of endophytic fungi exhibited antibacterial activities against at least one of the tested bacteria, and 22 fermentation broth of endophytic fungi showed strong phytotoxic activity against Echinochloa crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 100%. Furthermore, four compounds, including alternariol monomethyl ether (1), alternariol (2), dehydroaltenusin (3) and altertoxin II (4), and three compounds, including terreic acid (5), terremutin (6), citrinin (7), were isolated from Alternaria angustiovoidea PT09 of P. ternata and Aspergillus floccosus PP39 of P. pedatisecta, respectively. Compound 5 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae with the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 36.0, 31.0, 33.7, 40.2 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56, 3.13, 1.56, 1.56 μg/mL respectively, which were better than or equal to those of positive gentamicin sulfate. The metabolite 7 also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against P. syringae pv. actinidiae with the IZD of 26.0 mm and MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. In addition, the compound 7 had potent phytotoxic activity against E. crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 73.4% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Hence, this study showed that endophytic fungi of P. ternata and P. pedatisecta held promise for the development of new antibiotic and herbicide resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Kong
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Zhongdi Huang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Shuping Shi
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Weidong Pan
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
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Zhang S, Chai X, Hou G, Zhao F, Meng Q. Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.: A review of phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and traditional use. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154422. [PMID: 36087526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional Chinese medicine Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (PG, balloon flower) has medicinal and culinary value. It consists of a variety of chemical components including triterpenoid saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, polyethylene glycols, volatile oils and mineral components, which have medicinal and edible value. PURPOSE The ultimate goal of this review is to summarize the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, safety and uses of PG in local and traditional medicine. METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature up to March 2022 was conducted using the PubMed, China Knowledge Network and Web of Science databases to identify original research related to PG, its active ingredients and pharmacological activities. RESULTS Triterpene saponins are the primary bioactive compounds of PG. To date, 76 triterpene saponin compounds have been isolated and identified from PG. In addition, there are other biological components, such as flavonoids, polyacetylene and phenolic acids. These extracts possess antitussive, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiobesity, antidepressant, and cardiovascular system activities. The mechanisms of expression of these pharmacological effects include inhibition of the expression of proteins such as MDM and p53, inhibition of the activation of enzymes, such as AKT, the secretion of inflammatory factors, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-1β, and activation of the AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, molecular mechanism, toxicity and uses of PG in local and traditional medicine over the last 12 years. PG contains a wide range of chemical components, among which triterpene saponins, especially platycoside D (PD), play a strong role in pharmacological activity, representing a natural phytomedicine with low toxicity that has applications in food, animal feed and cosmetics. Therefore, PG has value for exploitation and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Research progress on the analysis of active ingredients and elements in Fritillaria ussuriensis Bulbus. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Noor F, Tahir ul Qamar M, Ashfaq UA, Albutti A, Alwashmi ASS, Aljasir MA. Network Pharmacology Approach for Medicinal Plants: Review and Assessment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:572. [PMID: 35631398 PMCID: PMC9143318 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have played a critical role in medicine due to their ability to bind and modulate cellular targets involved in disease. Medicinal plants hold a variety of bioactive scaffolds for the treatment of multiple disorders. The less adverse effects, affordability, and easy accessibility highlight their potential in traditional remedies. Identifying pharmacological targets from active ingredients of medicinal plants has become a hot topic for biomedical research to generate innovative therapies. By developing an unprecedented opportunity for the systematic investigation of traditional medicines, network pharmacology is evolving as a systematic paradigm and becoming a frontier research field of drug discovery and development. The advancement of network pharmacology has opened up new avenues for understanding the complex bioactive components found in various medicinal plants. This study is attributed to a comprehensive summary of network pharmacology based on current research, highlighting various active ingredients, related techniques/tools/databases, and drug discovery and development applications. Moreover, this study would serve as a protocol for discovering novel compounds to explore the full range of biological potential of traditionally used plants. We have attempted to cover this vast topic in the review form. We hope it will serve as a significant pioneer for researchers working with medicinal plants by employing network pharmacology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.N.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.N.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.N.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Aqel Albutti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.A.); (M.A.A.)
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An evidence update on the protective mechanism of tangeretin against neuroinflammation based on network pharmacology prediction and transcriptomic analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174094. [PMID: 34087222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective effects of tangeretin on neuroinflammation have been proven in cell and animal experiments, few studies explore its underlying molecular mechanism. In this study, we used the network pharmacology method combined with the transcriptome approach to investigate its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism in human microglial cells. Based on network pharmacology analysis, four putative target proteins and ten potential pathways were identified. Among them, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were well-supported by transcriptome data. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis supplemented two crucial targets: the insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptor. Subsequently, VEGFA, EGFR, IGF-1 receptor, and InsR were further verified on the protein level. Taken together, we assumed that tangeretin could exert protective effects on neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of VEGFA, EGFR, InsR, and IGF-1 receptor in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, mTOR signaling pathway. More importantly, it is for the first time to show that the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of tangeretin through VEGFA, EGFR, IGF-1 receptor, InsR, and mTOR signaling pathway. These works offer new insight into the anti-neuroinflammatory functions of tangeretin and propose novel information on further anti-inflammatory mechanism studies.
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Yang CC, Yang CM. Chinese Herbs and Repurposing Old Drugs as Therapeutic Agents in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:657-687. [PMID: 33707963 PMCID: PMC7940992 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s293135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pro-inflammatory factors and proteins have been characterized that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, induced by oxidative stress, cytokines, bacterial toxins, and viruses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers and are products of normal cellular metabolism. Under physiological conditions, ROS protect cells against oxidative stress through the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which is important for proliferation, viability, cell activation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS is most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction could further induce numerous inflammatory target proteins that are potentially mediated via Nox/ROS-related transcription factors triggered by various intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, oxidative stress is considered important in pulmonary inflammatory processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that redox signals can induce pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Thus, therapeutic strategies directly targeting oxidative stress may be effective for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be beneficial to these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that traditional Chinese medicines, statins, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor agonists could modulate inflammation-related signaling processes and may be beneficial for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In particular, several herbal medicines have attracted attention for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of these drugs to dissect how they induce host defense mechanisms against oxidative injury to combat pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death can be protected via the induction of HO-1 by these drugs. The main objective of this review is to focus on Chinese herbs and old drugs to develop anti-inflammatory drugs able to induce HO-1 expression for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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A comprehensive application: Molecular docking and network pharmacology for the prediction of bioactive constituents and elucidation of mechanisms of action in component-based Chinese medicine. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107402. [PMID: 33338839 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for more than 2000 years in China. TCM has received wide attention recently due to its unique charm. At the same time, its main obstacles have attracted wide attention, including vagueness of drug composition and treatment mechanism. With the development of virtual screening technology, more and more Chinese medicine compounds have been studied to discover the potential active components and mechanisms of action. Molecular docking is a computer technology based on structural design. Network pharmacology establishes powerful and comprehensive databases to understand the relationship between TCM and disease network. In this review, emergent uses and applications of two techniques and further superiorities of the two techniques when embarked to boil down into a tidy system were illustrated. A combination of the two provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of modern TCM based on the compatibility of components and accelerates the realization of two basic elements as well, including the clearness of the pharmacodynamic substances and explanation of the effect of TCM.
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Chen T, Zhong F, Yao C, Chen J, Xiang Y, Dong J, Yan Z, Ma Y. A Systematic Review on Traditional Uses, Sources, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:1536534. [PMID: 33273948 PMCID: PMC7676930 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1536534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (known as chuanbeimu in Chinese, FCB) is a famous folk medicine which has been widely used to relieve cough and eliminate phlegm for thousands of years in China. The medicine originates from dried bulbs of six species of Fritillaria which are distributed in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Increasing attention has been paid to FCB because of its excellent medicinal value such as being antitussive, expectorant, analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative. During the past years, a large number of research studies have been conducted to investigate the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of FCB. A range of compounds have been isolated and identified from FCB, including alkaloids, saponins, nucleosides, organic acids, terpenoids, and sterols. Among them, alkaloids as the main active ingredient have been illustrated to exert significant therapeutic effects on many diseases such as cancer, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Due to the excellent medical value and low toxicity, FCB has a huge market all over the world and triggers a growing enthusiasm among researchers. However, there is still a lack of systematic review. Hence, in this work, we reviewed the FCB-based articles published in Sci Finder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and other databases in the recent years. The traditional uses, sources, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of FCB were discussed in the review, which aims to provide a reference for further development and utilization of FCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiqing Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jijing Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
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Luo CH, Ma LL, Liu HM, Liao W, Xu RC, Ci ZM, Lin JZ, Han L, Zhang DK. Research Progress on Main Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Improved by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556885. [PMID: 33013395 PMCID: PMC7516165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia has become a major threat to worldwide public health, having rapidly spread to more than 180 countries and infecting over 1.6 billion people. Fever, cough, and fatigue are the most common initial symptoms of COVID-19, while some patients experience diarrhea rather than fever in the early stage. Many herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can significantly improve these symptoms, cure the patients experiencing a mild 22form of the illness, reduce the rate of transition from mild to severe disease, and reduce mortality. Therefore, this paper summarizes the physiopathological mechanisms of fever, cough, fatigue and diarrhea, and introduces Chinese herbal medicines (Ephedrae Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, etc.) and Chinese patent medicines (Shuang-huang-lian, Ma-xing-gan-shi-tang, etc.) with their corresponding therapeutic effects. Emphasis was placed on their material basis, mechanism of action, and clinical research. Most of these medicines possess the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunity-enhancement, and may be promising medicines for the treatment or adjuvant treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-hong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-chun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-min Ci
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-zhi Lin
- Central Laboratory, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-kun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kong Q, Li M, Qin X, Lv Y, Tang Z. Real-world evidence study for distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and its elements on chronic bronchitis in China. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900019500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the distribution and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and its elements on chronic bronchitis (CB) based on real-world data (RWD) so as to optimize the treatment strategies. Methods: A real-world study based on 2207 medical records collected from five hospitals in China, to explore the relationship between TCM syndrome and CB using the big data methods. Factor analyses were used to reduce the dimensions of TCM syndrome elements and found common factors. Additionally, cluster analyses were performed to value combinations of TCM syndrome element. Finally, association rule analyses were employed to assess the structures of TCM syndromes elements and estimate the patterns of TCM syndrome. Results: A total of 21 TCM syndromes were extracted from RWD in this work. There were four TCM syndromes consisting of Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei, Tan_Re_Yong_Fei, Feng_Han_Xi_Fei, and Feng_Re_Fan_Fei with [Formula: see text]% frequency based on the distribution frequency. The two top Xu TCM syndromes of Fei_Yin_Xu and Fei_Shen_Qi_Xu were identified. The top six pathogenesis TCM syndrome elements were Tan, Huo, Feng, Han, Qi_Xu, and Yin_Xu. Factor analyses, cluster analyses, and association rule analyses demonstrated that Tan, Huo, Feng, Han, Qi-Xu, Yin-Xu, Fei, and Shen were the core TCM syndrome elements. Conclusion: The four common Shi TCM syndromes of Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei, Tan_Re_Yong_Fei, Feng_Han_Xi_Fei, and Feng_Re_Fan_Fei for CB were detected in the real world study, and the two Xu TCM syndromes of Fei_Yin_Xu and Fei_Shen_Qi_Xu were identified. The Mix TCM syndrome of Fei_Pi_Qi_Xu_Tan_Shi_Yun_Fei was the main syndrome. The core TCM syndrome elements of Tan, Huo, Feng, Han, Qi_Xu, and Yin_Xu, Fei, and Shen were determined in the entire sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Mihui Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xuanfeng Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yubao Lv
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Statistics, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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13
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Yu X, Bao Y, Meng X, Wang S, Li T, Chang X, Xu W, Yang G, Bo T. Multi-pathway integrated adjustment mechanism of licorice flavonoids presenting anti-inflammatory activity. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4956-4963. [PMID: 31612007 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza, commonly known as licorice, is a herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years. Licorice contains multiple flavonoids, which possess a variety of biological activities. On the basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of licorice flavonoids, the potential mechanism of action was investigated via a plasma metabolomics approach. A total of 9 differential endogenous metabolites associated with the therapeutic effect of licorice flavonoids were identified, including linoleic acid, sphingosine, tryptophanamide, corticosterone and leukotriene B4. Besides classical arachidonic acid metabolism, metabolism of sphingolipids, tryptophan and fatty acids, phospholipids synthesis, and other pathways were also involved. The multi-pathway integrated adjustment mechanism of licorice flavonoid action may reduce side effects in patients, along with any anti-inflammatory functions, which provides a foundation for identifying and developing novel, high-potential natural drugs with fewer side effects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Yongrui Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bo
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P.R. China
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14
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Ma X, Liu A, Liu W, Wang Z, Chang N, Li S, Li J, Hou Y, Bai G. Analyze and Identify Peiminine Target EGFR Improve Lung Function and Alleviate Pulmonary Fibrosis to Prevent Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Phosphoproteomics Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:737. [PMID: 31333459 PMCID: PMC6620478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem and is still a formidable challenge for clinicians. It is urgent to find new compounds for minimizing the risk of disease progression and exacerbation especially in the early phase of COPD. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, Chuan Bei Pi Pa dropping pills (CBPP), was tested in this study to investigate its potential mechanisms in preventing the exacerbation of COPD. Phosphoproteomics analysis for a smog stimulated early stage COPD mice model was employed to detect the underlying molecular mechanisms of CBPP. In addition, protein–protein interaction (PPI) and bioinformatics analyses were included to analyze the key proteins and predict the key bioactive compounds. The results indicated that peiminine (PEI) target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) prevented the exacerbation of COPD by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway, and ursolic acid (UA) can alleviate inflammation disorders via inhibition of CASP3 on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. After in vivo and in vitro evaluations, we revealed that PEI from CBPP, as a lead compound, can improve lung function and alleviate pulmonary fibrosis by acting on the EGFR and MLC2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, the approach described here is an effective way to analyze and identify the bioactive ingredients from a mixture by functional proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nianwei Chang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Suyun Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Zhang JY, Hong CL, Chen HS, Zhou XJ, Zhang YJ, Efferth T, Yang YX, Li CY. Target Identification of Active Constituents of Shen Qi Wan to Treat Kidney Yang Deficiency Using Computational Target Fishing and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:650. [PMID: 31275142 PMCID: PMC6593161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is one of the most common syndromes treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among elderly patients. Shen Qi Wan (SQW) has been effectively used in treating various diseases associated with KYDS for hundreds of years. However, due to the complex composition of SQW, the mechanism of action remains unknown. Purpose: To identify the mechanism of the SQW in the treatment of KYDS and determine the molecular targets of SQW. Methods: The potential targets of active ingredients in SQW were predicted using PharmMapper. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out using the Molecule Annotation System (MAS3.0). The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of these potential targets and “components-targets-pathways” interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. We also established a KYDS rat model induced by adenine to investigate the therapeutic effects of SQW. Body weight, rectal temperature, holding power, water intake, urinary output, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CORT), urine total protein (U-TP), and 17-hydroxy-corticosteroid (17-OHCS) were measured. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of candidates were detected by qPCR. Results: KYDS-caused changes in body weight, rectal temperature, holding power, water intake, urinary output, BUN, Scr, ACTH, CORT, U-TP, and 17-OHCS were corrected to the baseline values after SQW treatment. We selected the top 10 targets of each component and obtained 79 potential targets, which were mainly enriched in the proteolysis, protein binding, transferase activity, T cell receptor signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. SRC, MAPK14, HRAS, HSP90AA1, F2, LCK, CDK2, and MMP9 were identified as targets of SQW in the treatment of KYDS. The administration of SQW significantly suppressed the expression of SRC, HSP90AA1, LCK, and CDK2 and markedly increased the expression of MAPK14, MMP9, and F2. However, HRAS levels remained unchanged. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that SQW corrected hypothalamic–pituitary–target gland axis disorder in rats caused by KYDS. SRC, MAPK14, HRAS, HSP90AA1, F2, LCK, CDK2, and MMP9 were determined to the therapeutic target for the further investigation of SQW to ameliorate KYDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Lan Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hong Shu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuan Xiao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Zhang R, Zhu X, Bai H, Ning K. Network Pharmacology Databases for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Review and Assessment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:123. [PMID: 30846939 PMCID: PMC6393382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The research field of systems biology has greatly advanced and, as a result, the concept of network pharmacology has been developed. This advancement, in turn, has shifted the paradigm from a “one-target, one-drug” mode to a “network-target, multiple-component-therapeutics” mode. Network pharmacology is more effective for establishing a “compound-protein/gene-disease” network and revealing the regulation principles of small molecules in a high-throughput manner. This approach makes it very powerful for the analysis of drug combinations, especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations. In this work, we first summarized the databases and tools currently used for TCM research. Second, we focused on several representative applications of network pharmacology for TCM research, including studies on TCM compatibility, TCM target prediction, and TCM network toxicology research. Third, we compared the general statistics of several current TCM databases and evaluated and compared the search results of these databases based on 10 famous herbs. In summary, network pharmacology is a rational approach for TCM studies, and with the development of TCM research, powerful and comprehensive TCM databases have emerged but need further improvements. Additionally, given that several diseases could be treated by TCMs, with the mediation of gut microbiota, future studies should focus on both the microbiome and TCMs to better understand and treat microbiome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Xu K, Ma C, Xu L, Ran J, Jiang L, He Y, Adel Abdo Moqbel S, Wang Z, Wu L. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMPs expression and osteoarthritis via Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signal pathways suppression. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:246-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Wu X, Zhang H, Fan S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Fan S, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Quality markers based on biological activity: A new strategy for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 44:103-108. [PMID: 29506773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality and quality evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are crucial in the safety and effectiveness assessment of TCM. However, they are also the major bottlenecks that restrict the quality control of TCM. Given the nature of Chinese medicine and the limitations of science and technology, the quality evaluation of TCM involves a few difficulties. Therefore, scholars have conducted considerable amount of research on this topic and obtained promising results. Biological potency and biomarkers have been used to evaluate the quality of TCM. Previous studies provided new strategies and methods to establish a system on quality evaluation. PURPOSE This review aims to provide a new strategy for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine by combining biological potency and biomarkers based on biological effects. METHODS We reviewed the quality evaluation system of Chinese herbal medicine, focusing on quality markers (Q-markers) based on biological effects and the application of these markers in the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine. We also reviewed the factors affecting quality, the difficulties related to the quality evaluation system and the attempt of researchers to improve the quality control of TCM. RESULTS We propose Q-biomarkers by integration of biological potency and biomarkers to evaluate the quality of TCM. The quality markers provided us significant insights in the process of definition. We further optimised the concept of Q-markers and summarised their definition and properties (including quantification, specificity and related to biological response) in accordance with the requirement of the quality evaluation of TCM. CONCLUSION We propose the use of Q-biomarkers in vivo related to specific diseases as a new strategy for the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine. The quality evaluation system of Q-biomarkers would provide a new perspective to standardise and globalise TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Simiao Fan
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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19
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Hoang BX, Han B, Nguyen HX, Dang KT. Nutritional Supplement "Bao Khi Khang" as an Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Med Food 2018; 21:1053-1059. [PMID: 29683370 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effectiveness of nutritional supplement Bao Khi Khang as an adjuvant therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to conventional therapy alone. This was a prospective, randomized, open-label controlled trial in 60 patients presenting with acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients were randomized into two groups, the control and the experimental groups. The control group was treated with the standard therapeutic protocol (Antimicrobial+Corticosteroids+Bronchodilator+Mucolytic drugs). The experimental group was treated with Bao Khi Khang tablets combined with the standard therapeutic protocol. The treatment outcomes, including clinical and paraclinical parameters of exacerbation of COPD, were compared between the experimental group and the control group at day 15 and 30. This study was conducted according to protocol: 01.2014-HTNCKH. The results showed a significant reduction of major COPD exacerbation symptoms in experimental group. The favorable progresses in mMRC scale and COPD Assessment Test score before and after treatment, between experimental group and control group, were statistically different. Symptom control such as cough, copious sputum secretion, and bacterial infection was 90% effective (very good 50.0%, good 40.0%) in experimental group compared to 50% (very good 20%, good 30.0%) in control group. No adverse side effects were observed in experimental group. Bao Khi Khang nutritional supplement could be an effective and safe adjuvant therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD. Further interventional studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba X Hoang
- 1 International Medical Consultants Co., Ltd. , Hanoi, Vietnam .,2 Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bo Han
- 1 International Medical Consultants Co., Ltd. , Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang X Nguyen
- 2 Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khanh T Dang
- 2 Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California, USA
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20
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Yu JG, Guo J, Zhu KY, Tao W, Chen Y, Liu P, Hua Y, Tang Y, Duan JA. How impaired efficacy happened between Gancao and Yuanhua: Compounds, targets and pathways. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630457 PMCID: PMC5476574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) could weaken the pharmacological effect or increase the toxicity of Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos). However, the theory has been suspected due to lack of evidence. Here, we investigate whether Gancao could weaken Yuanhua’s diuretic effect, if so, which chemicals and which targets may be involved. Results showed that Yuanhua exerted diuretic effect through down-regulating renal AQP 2, without electrolyte disturbances such as K+ loss which has been observed as side-effect of most diuretics. Gancao had no diuretic effect, but could impair Yuanhua’s diuretic effect through up-regulating renal AQP 2. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) in Gancao could up-regulate AQP 2 and counteract the AQP 2 regulation effect of Yuanhuacine (YHC) and Ginkwanin (GKW) in Yuanhua. Network pharmacology method suggested that YHC, GKW and GRA could bind to MEK1/FGFR1 protein and influence ERK-MAPK pathway, which was verified by Western blotting. This study supports TCM theory and reminds that more attention should be paid to the safety and efficacy problems induced by improper combination between herbs. Moreover, we suggested that promising diuretics with less side effects can be developed from Chinese Medicines such as Yuanhua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gao Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Kevin Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongqing Hua
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Chemomics-Integrated Proteomics Analysis of Jie-Geng-Tang to Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7379146. [PMID: 27579049 PMCID: PMC4992511 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7379146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Jie-Geng-Tang (JGT), a classic and famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription composed of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (PG) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GU), is well known for "clearing heat and relieving toxicity" and its ability to "diffuse the lung and relieve sore throat." However, the mechanism underlying its action remains unclear. In this study, potential anti-inflammatory ingredients were screened and submitted to PharmMapper and the KEGG bioinformatics website to predict the target proteins and related pathways, respectively. Differentially expressed candidate proteins from acute lung injury (ALI) mice treated with JGT were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and LC Triple-TOF. Eleven potential anti-inflammatory ingredients were found, including the derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid, licorice-saponin, liquiritin, and platycodigenin. A total of sixty-seven differentially expressed proteins were confirmed after JGT treatment with four therapeutic functions, including immunoregulation, anti-inflammation, ribosome, and muscle contraction. PG and GU comediate PI3K/Akt signal pathway inhibition of NF-κB, VCAM1, and ICAM1 release which primarily act on PI3K, PDK1, AKT, and GSK3β. GU markedly inhibits the ERK/MAPK signaling pathways and primarily acts on LCK, RAS, and MEK. A network was constructed using bioactive ingredients, targets, and pathways to determine the mechanism underlying JGT treatment of ALI.
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