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Shyam M, Sabina EP. Harnessing the power of Arctium lappa root: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 39162715 PMCID: PMC11335715 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Arctium lappa, widely recognized as burdock, is a perennial plant that is employed in the realm of traditional Chinese medicine for a wide range of medicinal applications. The herb is rich in bioactive metabolites with therapeutic potential, encompassing polyphenolic antioxidants in its leaves, and flavonoids and fructo-oligosaccharides in its underground parts. Nutraceuticals originating from botanical sources such as Arctium lappa provide supplementary health advantages alongside their nutritional content and have demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention and management of specific ailments. The utilization of Arctium lappa root extract has exhibited encouraging outcomes in addressing hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium, lead, chromium, and acetaminophen, ameliorating liver damage and oxidative stress. Additionally, the root extract displays properties such as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, aphrodisiac, anti-rheumatic, anti-Alzheimer, and various other pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Shyam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, SBST, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Evan Prince Sabina
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, SBST, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wei C, Chen Y, Yu X, Yang T, Li J, Chen X. HDL-C/LDL-C and Risk of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5175-5182. [PMID: 37954651 PMCID: PMC10638942 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s439150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose At present, there is still a lack of metabolic indices to predict white matter hyperintensities. This study aimed to explore the correlations of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio with the risk of white matter hyperintensities. Methods Hospitalized patients who underwent inpatient treatment or physical examination due to various chronic diseases between January 18, 2018, and March 20, 2023, were enrolled. Fazekas scores were used to assess the severity of white matter hyperintensities. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounders. Results Of the 1162 enrolled patients, 770 (66.27%) patients were classified as having no or mild WMHs, and 392 (33.73%) were classified as having moderate or severe WMHs. After adjusting for covariates, the logistic regression analysis indicated that the ratio of HDL-C to LDL-C was related to the severity of WMHs (Model 1, OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07-0.73, P=0.012; Model 2, OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.12-3.67, P=0.019). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the ratio of HDL-C to LDL-C is related to the severity of WMHs and that a high ratio of HDL-C to LDL-C is a protective factor against WMHs. This suggests that the ratio of HDL-C to LDL-C could be used as a metabolic prediction index of WMH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunsheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junrong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
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Yosri N, Alsharif SM, Xiao J, Musharraf SG, Zhao C, Saeed A, Gao R, Said NS, Di Minno A, Daglia M, Guo Z, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR. Arctium lappa (Burdock): Insights from ethnopharmacology potential, chemical constituents, clinical studies, pharmacological utility and nanomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114104. [PMID: 36516694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. is a medicinal edible homologous plant, commonly known as burdock or bardana, which belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is widely distributed throughout Northern Asia, Europe, and North America and has been utilized for hundreds of years. The roots, fruits, seeds, and leaves of A. lappa have been extensively used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). A. lappa has attracted a great deal of attention due to its possession of highly recognized bioactive metabolites with significant therapeutic potential. Numerous pharmacological effects have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by A. lappa and its bioactive metabolites, including antimicrobial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, antiviral, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Additionally, A. lappa has demonstrated considerable clinical efficacies and valuable applications in nanomedicine. Collectively, this review covers the properties of A. lappa and its bioactive metabolites, ethnopharmacology aspects, pharmacological effects, clinical trials, and applications in the field of nanomedicine. Hence, a significant attention should be paid to clinical trials and industrial applications of this plant with particular emphasis, on drug discovery and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Yosri
- Chemistry Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (RIMAP), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Sultan M Alsharif
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah 887, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Syed G Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Noha S Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, The Wenner-GrenInstitute, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu Education Department), Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Effect of Drying Methods on Volatile Compounds of Burdock ( Arctium lappa L.) Root Tea as Revealed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040868. [PMID: 33921154 PMCID: PMC8071549 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) is one of the nutritional foods widely planted in many countries. Dried burdock root (BR) is available as a herbal tincture and tea in many Asian countries with good flavor and taste. In this study, the volatile components in dried BR were identified and the effects of different drying methods on the volatile components were investigated by HS-GC-MS method. A total of 49 compounds were identified. Different drying methods including hot-air drying (HD, at 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C), vacuum drying (VD, at 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C), sunlight drying (SD), natural drying (ND), and vacuum freeze drying (VFD) were evaluated by HS-GC-MS-based metabolomics method. Results showed that different drying methods produced different effects on the volatile compounds. It was observed that 2,3-pentanedione, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-ethanone, furfural, and heptanal were detected at higher concentrations in HD 80 and VD 70. The traditional HD and SD methods produced more flavor substances than VFD. The BR treated by the VFD method could maintain the shape of the fresh BR pieces while HD50 and VD80 methods could maintain the color of fresh BR pieces. These findings could help better understand the flavor of the corresponding processed BR and provide a guide for the drying and processing of BR tea.
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Burdock (Arctium lappa L) roots as a source of inulin-type fructans and other bioactive compounds: Current knowledge and future perspectives for food and non-food applications. Food Res Int 2021; 141:109889. [PMID: 33641945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roots and tubers of the Asteraceae family are known as a source of various oligosaccharides, and chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke have stood out for its commercial viability. However burdock root (Arctium lappa L.), which is adapted to temperate climate, moist, and sandy soil, is still unknown as health food in the western world. This review showed the potential of burdock roots as a source of prebiotic fibers, chlorogenic acids, cinnarine, lignans, and quercetin. The extraction methods of burdock functional compounds are made with water, temperature and time variations only. Biological assays showed antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties, and gastric mucosal defense mechanisms, among others. Therefore, the use of burdock roots as functional food should be encouraged in countries that have imported products derived from other roots of the same family for health benefits.
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Skowrońska W, Granica S, Dziedzic M, Kurkowiak J, Ziaja M, Bazylko A. Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum, Sources of Arctii radix: Comparison of Anti-Lipoxygenase and Antioxidant Activity as well as the Chemical Composition of Extracts from Aerial Parts and from Roots. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010078. [PMID: 33401685 PMCID: PMC7824023 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa is a weed used in traditional medicine in the treatment of skin inflammation and digestive tract diseases. Arctium tomentosum is used in folk medicine interchangeably with Arctium lappa and, according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) monography, provides an equal source of Arctii radix (Bardanae radix), despite the small amount of research confirming its activity and chemical composition. The aim of the study was the comparison of the anti-lipoxygenase and the antioxidant activity, scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2•−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), of 70 % (v/v) ethanolic extracts from the aerial parts and the roots of Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum. In the tested extracts, the total polyphenols content and the chemical composition, analyzed with the HPLC–DAD–MSn method, were also compared. The extracts were characterized by strong antioxidant properties, but their ability to inhibit lipoxygenase activity was rather weak. A correlation between the content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed. The extracts from A. lappa plant materials scavenged reactive oxygen species more strongly than the extracts from A. tomentosum plant materials. Moreover, the extracts from A. lappa plant materials were characterized by the statistically significantly higher content of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Skowrońska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Magdalena Dziedzic
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Kurkowiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Ziaja
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Rzeszów University, Cicha 2a, 35-326 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bazylko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.S.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee J, Ha SJ, Park J, Kim YH, Lee NH, Kim YE, Hong YS, Song KM. Arctium lappa root extract containing L-arginine prevents TNF-α-induced early atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res 2020; 77:85-96. [PMID: 32388084 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the aorta and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Arctium lappa root is a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and Arctium lappa root extract (ALE) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory capacity and to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that ALE would inhibit the early atherosclerotic stage. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of ALE on early arteriosclerosis and its mechanisms of action. ALE suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium by suppressing NF-κB signaling in HUVECs. In an acute mouse model of atherosclerosis, ALE suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte infiltration of the vascular endothelium and the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the mouse aorta. Moreover, inulin-type fructan and amino acids, especially L-aspartate and L-arginine (60.27 and 42.17 mg/g, respectively) were detected by NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, and HPLC analysis as the main components of ALE. Notably, L-arginine suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to HUVECs. Therefore, these results suggest that ALE may be a functional food for the suppression or prevention of early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Jeong Ha
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Park
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Eon Kim
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Shick Hong
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Ge L, Liu F, Hu Y, Zhou X. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of arctiin and arctigenin in Arctium tomentosum Mill. by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-019-00005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song HS, Koo HJ, Park BK, Kwon JE, Jang SA, Baek HJ, Kim SY, Lee SR, Kang SC. The suppressive effect of the three-herb extract mixture on vascular and liver inflammation in atherogenic diet with high fructose-fed mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:32-42. [PMID: 29772938 PMCID: PMC6130671 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1412468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cynanchum wilfordii (Maximowicz) Hemsley (Apocynaceae), Arctium lappa L. var. rubescens Frivald (Asteraceae) and Dioscorea opposite Thunb (Dioscoreaceae) root extracts have been widely used as an alternative for intervening obesity. OBJECTIVES The synergistic effect of three-herb mixture of C. wilfordii, A. lappa and D. opposita was determined on aortic and liver inflammatory responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS CWE, ALE and DOE were prepared from the root of C. wilfordii, A. lappa and D. opposite by 70% ethanol extraction, respectively. CADE was prepared using a powder mixture of 2 CWE:1 ALE:1 DOE. C57BL/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet combined with 10% fructose (ATHFR) in the presence of 200 mg/kg/day CWE, ALE, DOE or CADE for 8 weeks (each group, n = 6). Biochemical profiles, protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the aorta and liver were determined. RESULTS CADE could significantly suppress the protein expression of VCAM-1 in both the aorta and liver (80% reduction) compared to ATHFR-fed mice. Impairment of liver function was significantly ameliorated by CADE supplement, as determined by GOT (60% reduction) and GPT (51% reduction) levels. CONCLUSIONS CADE should be considered when developing medications to suppress the vascular and liver inflammatory responses for individuals who are either non-responsive or resistant to lipid-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Seong Song
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Park H, Hwang YH, Ma JY. Single, repeated dose toxicity and genotoxicity assessment of herb formula KIOM2012H. Integr Med Res 2018; 6:361-371. [PMID: 29296563 PMCID: PMC5741389 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional medicine and herbal prescriptions are becoming more popular, and they account for a large share of the world's healthcare research studies, developments, and market demands. Increasing scientific evidence of the substantive efficacies such as preventive health keeping pharmaceutical materials and dietary supplements can be found elsewhere. Above all, safety should be the critical premise for considering developmental materials such as pharmaceuticals without side effects and toxicity. Methods The authors formulated KIOM2012H (K2H) using four herbs that were reported to have medicinal effects-including anticancer, antiaging, antimicrobial, inflammation, and neuroprotective properties. In order to examine the toxicity, single and repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicities of bacterial mutation, micronucleus, and chromosomal aberration assays were conducted. Results All experimental observations and results showed normal findings. Toxicities or abnormal signs were not observed in all experimental assays, including oral administration, animal behavior, clinical findings, and changes in body weight in vivo. In vitro bacterial cultures produced no revertant colonies, and no increased numbers of structural or numerical aberrant metaphases were found in the metaphase chromosomes examined. Moreover, no significant increased frequency of micronucleus was observed in any of the doses used. Overall, no acute toxicity or genotoxicity was found in all analysis parameters in all the assays conducted. Conclusion Reviewing the results as a whole, K2H extract was regarded as a safe material with no toxicity, and can be applied for the research and development of complementary and alternative medicines with improved efficacy in current therapeutic healthcare, based on traditional medicine and herb resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayong Park
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Korea
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Ghafari F, Rajabi MR, Mazoochi T, Taghizadeh M, Nikzad H, Atlasi MA, Taherian A. Comparing Apoptosis and Necrosis Effects of Arctium Lappa Root Extract and Doxorubicin on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:795-802. [PMID: 28441789 PMCID: PMC5464502 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and very common malignancy in women worldwide. The efficacy
of chemotherapy as an important part of breast cancer treatment is limited due to its side effects. While pharmaceutical
companies are looking for better chemicals, research on traditional medicines that generally have fewer side effects is
quite interesting. In this study, apoptosis and necrosis effect of Arctium lappa and doxorubicin was compared in MCF7,
and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Materials and Methods: MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640
containing 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. MTT assay and an annexin V/propidium iodide (AV/PI) kit
were used respectively to compare the survival rate and apoptotic effects of different concentrations of doxorubicin and
Arctium lappa root extract on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. Results: Arctium lappa root extract was able to reduce
cell viability of the two cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner similar to doxorubicin. Flow cytometry results
showed that similar to doxorubicin, Arctium Lappa root extract had a dose and time dependent apoptosis effect on
both cell lines. 10μg/mL of Arctium lappa root extract and 5 μM of doxorubicin showed the highest anti-proliferative
and apoptosis effect in MCF7 and MDA231 cells. Conclusion: The MCF7 (ER/PR-) and MDA-MB-231 (ER/PR+)
cell lines represent two major breast cancer subtypes. The similar anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Arctium
lappa root extract and doxorubicin (which is a conventional chemotherapy drug) on two different breast cancer cell
lines strongly suggests its anticancer effects and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghafari
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.
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Karam I, Ma N, Liu XW, Kong XJ, Zhao XL, Yang YJ, Li JY. Lowering effects of aspirin eugenol ester on blood lipids in rats with high fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:196. [PMID: 27855711 PMCID: PMC5114728 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin and eugenol were esterified to synthesize aspirin eugenol ester (AEE). As a pale yellow and odourless crystal, AEE reduced the gastrointestinal damage of aspirin and vulnerability of eugenol. The study was conducted to evaluate the preventive effects of AEE on blood lipids in rats with high fat diet (HFD). METHODS Suspensions of AEE and simvastatin were prepared in 5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na). In order to observe the intervention effects, the drugs and HFD were administrated at the same time. Based on individual weekly body weight (BW), AEE was intragastrically administrated at the dosage of 18, 36 and 54 mg/kg. Simvastatin (10 mg/kg) and CMC-Na (20 mg/kg) were used as control drug. After 6 weeks of administration, the changes of BW and blood lipid indices including triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol (TCH) were determined in the experiment. RESULTS The rat blood lipids profile in model group was remarkably different after feeding 6-weeks HFD. TG, TCH and LDL indexes in model group were increased significantly compared with those in control group (p < 0.01). AEE at the dosage of 54 mg/kg significantly decreased levels of TG, TCH and LDL (p < 0.01), and slowed the rate of BW gain in comparison with model group (p < 0.05). Moreover, high dose AEE showed better effects than simvastatin on reducing TCH level and similar effects on TG, HDL and LDL. CONCLUSION AEE could remarkably reduce levels of TG, TCH and LDL in rats with high fat diet, and slow the rate of body weight gain. It was conducted that AEE was a potential candidate on reducing blood lipids level. The mechanism of action of AEE should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isam Karam
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Kong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Le Zhao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-Hypertensive Herbs and Their Mechanisms of Action: Part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27014064 PMCID: PMC4782109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a history extending back to thousands of years, and during the intervening time, man has identified the healing properties of a very broad range of plants. Globally, the use of herbal therapies to treat and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise. This is the second part of our comprehensive review where we discuss the mechanisms of plants and herbs used for the treatment and management of high blood pressure. Similar to the first part, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized, and the following keywords and phrases were used as inclusion criteria: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with plant or herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). This part deals in particular with plants that are used, albeit less frequently, for the treatment and management of hypertension. We then discuss the interplay between herbs/prescription drugs and herbs/epigenetics in the context of this disease. The review then concludes with a recommendation for more rigorous, well-developed clinical trials to concretely determine the beneficial impact of herbs and plants on hypertension and a disease-free living.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara S Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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