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Olaokun OO, Zubair MS. Antidiabetic Activity, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Properties of Compounds Isolated from Bioactive Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Ficus lutea Leaf Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:7717. [PMID: 38067448 PMCID: PMC10708125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to the rising global death rate. Despite scientific advancements in understanding and managing diabetes, no single therapeutic agent has been identified to effectively treat and prevent its progression. Consequently, the exploration for new antidiabetic therapeutics continues. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic bioactive ethyl acetate fraction of F. lutea at the molecular level to understand the molecular interactions and ligand-protein binding. To do this, the fraction underwent column chromatography fractionation to yield five compounds: lupeol, stigmasterol, α-amyrin acetate, epicatechin, and epiafzelechin. These compounds were evaluated in vitro through α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose utilization assays in C2C12 muscle and H-4-11-E liver cells using standard methods. In silico analysis was conducted using molecular docking and ADMET studies. Epicatechin exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 5.72 ± 2.7 µg/mL), while epiafzelechin stimulated superior glucose utilization in C2C12 muscle cells (33.35 ± 1.8%) and H-4-11-E liver cells (46.7 ± 1.2%) at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. The binding energies of the isolated compounds for glycogen phosphorylase (1NOI) and α-amylase (1OSE) were stronger (<-8.1) than those of the positive controls. Overall, all tested compounds exhibited characteristics indicative of their potential as antidiabetic agents; however, toxicity profiling predicted epiafzelechin and epicatechin as better alternatives. The ethyl acetate fraction and its compounds, particularly epiafzelechin, showed promise as antidiabetic agents. However, further comprehensive studies are necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyinlola O. Olaokun
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Muhammad S. Zubair
- Natural Product Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu-Central Sulawesi 94118, Indonesia;
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Zeleke YG, Atnafie SA, Aragaw TJ. Anti-Diabetic Activities of Hydro-Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Heteromorpha arborescens (Apiaceae) Leaves in Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:107-121. [PMID: 36925618 PMCID: PMC10013569 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s392742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heteromorpha arborescens has been used to treat diabetes traditionally. There was no in vivo study to support the claim. This study aimed to confirm anti-diabetic activity of 80% methanol in water extract and solvent fractions of H. arborescens leaves in mice. Methods H. arborescens leaves were macerated and extracted in 80% methanol in water. Hydro-methanol extract of H. arborescens leaves were tested in mice models. Overnight fasted mice were randomly divided into five groups for normoglycemic and glucose-loaded models as a negative control, positive control, and three tested groups, whereas, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic models, the mice were grouped into six groups each comprised six mice: diabetic negative control and normal negative control groups treated with 10 mL/kg distilled water, diabetic positive control group treated with Glibenclamide 5 mg/kg and three diabetic tested groups treated with extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses. A one-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the data, and the post hoc Tukey's test was utilized for multiple comparisons. The P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Hydro-methanol extract of H. arborescens leaves at 400 mg/kg in normoglycemic mice significantly lowered blood glucose levels (BGLs) (P< 0.01). Mice with oral glucose-loaded test lowered BGLs at dosages of 200 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.01) respectively. Single-dose of ethyl acetate, n-hexane fractions and hydro-methanol extract at 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg reduced BGLs (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01) respectively. BGL drops in diabetic mice given daily repeated doses of 200 mg/kg of hydro-methanol extract and 400 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.001). Diabetic mice gained weight at a 400 mg/kg hydro-methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) respectively. Hydro-methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction and at 200 mg/kg decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001). Conclusion 80% methanol in water extract and solvent fractions of H. arborescens leaves showed anti-diabetic effects and significantly reduced hyperlipidemia in diabetics, this study supported the traditional usage of H. arborescens for treating diabetes; however, species variation could also limit such a straightforward extrapolation of the findings of this study in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshiwas Guadie Zeleke
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Seyfe Asrade Atnafie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tezera Jemere Aragaw
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Oxidant and Cytotoxicity Assays of South African Herbal Teas and Bush Tea Blends. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152233. [PMID: 35954001 PMCID: PMC9368003 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
South Africa is home to a variety of herbal teas, such as bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.), honeybush tea (Cyclopia intermedia E. Mey and C. subternata Vogel), special tea (Monsonia burkeana Planch. ex Harv.), and rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren) that are known to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro anti-oxidant activity of selected tea blends using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, as well as to assess their anti-inflammatory properties using the 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory assay. Furthermore, the study measured glucose utilisation in C2C12 myotubes. Lastly, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to test the safety of the tea extracts on Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cell line). Special tea and its blend with bush tea exhibited potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The blending of bush tea with special tea at different ratios resulted in increased anti-oxidant activity. Although special tea had a level of cell toxicity, its toxicity was lowered during blending. All of the tea samples showed anti-diabetic effects, although with less potency as compared to insulin. The current investigation supports the use of blended herbal teas, and the positive anti-inflammatory effect of special tea warrants further research.
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El-Hawary SS, Mubarek MM, Lotfy RA, Sleem AA, Okba MM. In vivo antidiabetic potential of standardized Gymnocarpos decandrus Forssk. Extract. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1129-1135. [PMID: 34900766 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Gymnocarpos decandrus (Caryophyllaceae) is a well-known wild plant used as a food for grazing animals. Recently it showed potent antidiabetic potential beside its established anti-inflammatory, analgesic and diuretic activities. G. decandrus antidiabetic potential was reported through in-vitro models and resulted in promising α-amylase, α-glucosidase and antiviral Coxsackie B4 inhibitory activities; however no in-vivo studies were conducted. Purpose This study aims to examine Gymnocarpos decandrus ethanol extract (GDEE) safety and to evaluate its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Method Adult albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with alloxan to induce diabetes mellitus and the glucose level was measured after two and four weeks against metformin as a standard drug. Additionally, GDEE characterization and standardization were carried out. Results GDEE LD50 was up to 5.8 mg/kg and exhibited significant antidiabetic activity 77.17% comparable to the standard drug metformin. Its total phenolics, and flavonoids amounted 127.2 ± 0.23 and 85.5 ± 0.21 mg/g respectively. Vitexin was used as a marker compound for GDEE (140.70 mg/100 gm). Conclusion This study represents the sole in vivo scientific validation of G. decandrus recently documented in vitro antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Ainy, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Mubarek
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Matariya, 11753 Egypt
| | - Rehab A Lotfy
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Matariya, 11753 Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Ainy, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
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Huang GL, Ma JJ, Sui SY, Wang YN. Optimization of extraction of loquat flowers polyphenolics and its antioxidant and anti-polyphenol oxidase properties. Bioengineered 2020; 11:281-290. [PMID: 32125230 PMCID: PMC7161536 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1735604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the conditions of extraction of loquat flowers polyphenolics were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Proper extraction conditions were: solid to liquid ratio 1 g per 50 mL and ethanol concentration 50% at 61°C for 9 min. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of purified total polyphenolics (PTP) were investigated. PTP displayed strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 126.3 ± 8.9, 162.4 ± 6.3 and 94.97 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight (mg AAE/d.w.) for ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. In addition, PTP has a substantial inhibitory activity on PPO (IC50 = 115 ± 9.2 μg/mL). From the kinetics analysis, it was proved to be a reversible and mixed-type inhibitor of PPO with KI and KIS values of 76.77 μg/mL and 227.86 μg/mL, respectively. Further, the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of PPO by PTP was investigated by molecular docking techniques. The results showed that PTP units could form interaction with the catalytic pocket of PPO through the interaction with amino acid residues in the enzyme active center. The antioxidant activities of PTP together with its effect on PPO activity provide a strong starting point for their practical usage in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Huang
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Ma
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Si-Yao Sui
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ning Wang
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
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Uwazie JN, Yakubu MT, Ashafa AOT, Ajiboye TO. Identification and characterization of anti-diabetic principle in Senna alata (Linn.) flower using alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:112997. [PMID: 32534114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The age-long folkloric use of Senna alata flower (SAF) was recently substantiated with scientific evidence. However, the study did not account for the anti-diabetic principle(s) in SAF. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to identify and characterize the bioactive principle(s) responsible for the anti-diabetic activity in SAF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-one male Wistar rats were used for the two phases of this study. In phase 1, forty-two of these were allotted into six groups (A-F) of seven rats each. Animals in group A received distilled water while those in groups B-F were made diabetic by treatment with 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of alloxan. Group B received 0.5 mL of distilled water; C, D and E were treated each with 75 mg/kg b.w. of ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous residual fractions of SAF, while F received 2.5 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. In the second phase, forty-nine rats were assigned into seven groups (A-G) of seven rats each. Group A received distilled water. Animals in Groups B-G were also made diabetic by alloxan treatment. B received 0.5 mL of distilled water; C, D, E and F were treated with 5.77, 25.96, 15.40, 27.87 mg/kg b.w (equivalent dose of 75 mg/kg b.w.) of sub-fractions obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction of SAF respectively whereas G received 2.5 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipids, albumin, globulin, liver glycogen, urine ketone, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities and cardiac function indices were evaluated using standard methods. Compounds D, E and F isolated from ethyl acetate sub-fraction B were evaluated for in vitro anti-diabetic activity. The structure of the anti-diabetic compound was identified using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 1³C-NMR, HCOSY, HSQC and HMBC. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test at p < 0.05. RESULTS Alloxan treatment increased the levels of FBG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, urine ketone and cardiac function indices and reduced the levels of globulin, albumin, HDL-cholesterol, globulin, liver glycogen, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Ethyl acetate fraction and sub-fraction B reversed the level and/or activities of these biochemical indices to levels and/or activities that compared favourably with the distilled water treated non-diabetic animals. Of the three compounds (D, E and F) that were obtained from the sub-fraction B, compound E which was Emodin (1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) produced the highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION Emodin is one of the bioactive constituents present in Senna alata flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Nkechiyere Uwazie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, South Africa.
| | - Musa Toyin Yakubu
- Phytomedicine, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, South Africa
| | - Taofeek Olakunle Ajiboye
- Antioxidant, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Sánchez-Valdeolívar CA, Alvarez-Fitz P, Zacapala-Gómez AE, Acevedo-Quiroz M, Cayetano-Salazar L, Olea-Flores M, Castillo-Reyes JU, Navarro-Tito N, Ortuño-Pineda C, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Ortíz-Ortíz J, Castro-Coronel Y, Mendoza-Catalán MA. Phytochemical profile and antiproliferative effect of Ficus crocata extracts on triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:191. [PMID: 32571387 PMCID: PMC7309984 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some species of the Ficus genus show pharmacological activity, including antiproliferative activity, in cell lines of several cancer Types. ficus crocata is distributed in Mexico and used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. However, as of yet, there are no scientific reports on its biological activity. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical profile of F. crocata leaf extracts and their effects on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation. Moreover, the study aims to unearth possible mechanisms involved in the decrease of cell proliferation. Methods The extracts were obtained by the maceration of leaves with the solvents hexane, dichloromethane, and acetone. The phytochemical profile of the extracts was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass analysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis in MDA-MB-231 cells were determined using a Crystal violet assay, MTT assay, and Annexin-V/PI assay using flow cytometry. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. Results The hexane (Hex-EFc), dichloromethane (Dic-EFc), and acetone (Ace-EFc) extracts of F. crocata decreased the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, with Dic-EFc having the strongest effect. Dic-EFc was fractioned and its antiproliferative activity was potentiated, which enhanced its ability to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as increased p53, procaspase-8, and procaspase-3 expression. Conclusions This study provides information on the biological activity of F. crocata extracts and suggests their potential use against triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sánchez-Valdeolívar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | | | - Ana E Zacapala-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Macdiel Acevedo-Quiroz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Zacatepec, Calzada Tecnológico 27, Centro, 62780, Zacatepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lorena Cayetano-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan U Castillo-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Marco A Leyva-Vázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortíz-Ortíz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Castro-Coronel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad Universitaria, 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Lankatillake C, Huynh T, Dias DA. Understanding glycaemic control and current approaches for screening antidiabetic natural products from evidence-based medicinal plants. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:105. [PMID: 31516543 PMCID: PMC6731622 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not without limitations. These limitations, the alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes, and the soaring cost of managing diabetes and its complications underscores an urgent need for safer, more efficient and affordable alternative treatments. Over 1200 plant species are reported in ethnomedicine for treating diabetes and these represents an important and promising source for the identification of novel antidiabetic compounds. Evaluating medicinal plants for desirable bioactivity goes hand-in-hand with methods in analytical biochemistry for separating and identifying lead compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current methods used in antidiabetic plant research to form a useful resource for researchers beginning in the field. The review summarises the current understanding of blood glucose regulation and the general mechanisms of action of current antidiabetic medications, and combines knowledge on common experimental approaches for screening plant extracts for antidiabetic activity and currently available analytical methods and technologies for the separation and identification of bioactive natural products. Common in vivo animal models, in vitro models, in silico methods and biochemical assays used for testing the antidiabetic effects of plants are discussed with a particular emphasis on in vitro methods such as cell-based bioassays for screening insulin secretagogues and insulinomimetics. Enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking are also highlighted. The role of metabolomics, metabolite profiling, and dereplication of data for the high-throughput discovery of novel antidiabetic agents is reviewed. Finally, this review also summarises sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, and the critical function of nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the dereplication, putative identification and structure elucidation of natural compounds from evidence-based medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintha Lankatillake
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
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Hidayat AFA, Chan CK, Mohamad J, Kadir HA. Leptospermum flavescens Sm. protect pancreatic β cell function from streptozotocin involving apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathway in in vitro and in vivo case study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:120-131. [PMID: 30118836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Leptospermum flavescens has been used traditionally in Malaysia to treat various ailments such as constipation, hypertension, diabetes and cancer. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the potential protective effects of L. flavescens in pancreatic β cells through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy cell death mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS L. flavescens leaves were extracted using solvent in increasing polarities: hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. All extracts were tested for INS-1 β cells viability stimulated by streptozotocin (STZ). The extract which promotes the highest cell protective activity was further evaluated for insulin secretion, apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. Then, the acute toxicity of extract was carried out in SD rats according to OECD 423 guideline. The active extract was tested in diabetic rats where the pancreatic β islets were evaluated for insulin, apoptosis and autophagy protein. RESULTS The methanolic extract of L. flavescens (MELF) was found to increase INS-1 β cells viability and insulin secretion against STZ. In addition, MELF has been shown to inhibit INS-1 β cells apoptosis and autophagy activity. Notably, there was no toxicity observed in SD rats when administered with MELF. Furthermore, MELF exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats where apoptosis and autophagy protein expression was found to be suppressed in pancreatic β islets. CONCLUSION MELF was found to protect pancreatic β cells function from STZ-induced apoptosis and autophagy in in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Hidayat
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chim Kei Chan
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Mohamad
- Biohealth Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Antidiabetic Effects of the Ethanolic Root Extract of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Potential Alternative Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:1314941. [PMID: 30532775 PMCID: PMC6250042 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1314941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been a menace to mankind from time immemorial. However, a natural product such as U. chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) offers alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. The study aimed at evaluating antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic root extract of U. chamae in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats after overnight fast with 150 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally. After 72 h, those with plasma glucose levels >200 mg/dl were classified as diabetic. Five diabetic rats in each group were treated daily for 14 days orally with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, glibenclamide (71 µg/kg) and pioglitazone (429 µg/kg), respectively, while another group was untreated. Control received 0.5 ml of Acacia senegal. Effects of extract on glucose, other biochemical, and hematological parameters were evaluated. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extract and its fractions were also evaluated. Percentage inhibition and IC50 values were determined. Diabetic control was achieved on the 7th day of the study with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg of the extract showing glucose reduction of 72.14%, 78.75%, and 87.71%, respectively. The HDL-cholesterol levels of diabetic rats treated with extracts were significantly increased. Extract and its fractions caused α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Histologically, pancreas of diabetic rats treated with extract showed regenerated islet cells which were not seen in rats treated with glibenclamide and pioglitazone. This study showed that U. chamae has antidiabetic activity which may be through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Also, it may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.
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Deepa P, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S, Park SJ. A role of Ficus species in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:210-232. [PMID: 29305899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common global health concerns, with a rapidly increasing incidence. A variety of medicinal plants, particularly those belonging to the genus Ficus (Moraceae), and their active compounds have been used to treat diabetes and related chronic disorders since ancient times. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to provide information regarding traditional and scientific knowledge of Ficus species with antidiabetic activity to researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the antidiabetic properties of Ficus from the electronic databases. Common and scientific names of various Ficus species were used as keywords for the search, along with the terms antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and diabetes. RESULTS Among the assorted species of Ficus that were included in our search, F. benghalensis, F. carica, F. glomerata, F. glumosa, F. racemosa, and F. religiosa exhibited remarkable antidiabetic properties with various mechanisms of action. Moreover, Ficus species are versatile sources of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, sterols and vitamin E. These extracts and isolated compounds significantly have enhanced insulin secretion and subsequently reduced blood glucose level in various in vivo studies. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the antidiabetic potentials of the genus Ficus, including pharmacological studies with mechanisms of action as well as ethnobotanical uses. This review can help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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