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Zhang S, Yang Y, Chen J, Su S, Cai Y, Yang X, Sang A. Integrating Multi-omics to Identify Age-Related Macular Degeneration Subtypes and Biomarkers. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:74. [PMID: 39107525 PMCID: PMC11303511 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. Its pathogenesis is likely multifactorial, involving a complex interaction of metabolic and environmental factors, and remains poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the development of AMD. Oxidative damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been identified as one of the major mediators in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, this article combines transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to explore the role of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in AMD. Firstly, differential expression analysis was performed on the raw RNA-seq data. The intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and MRGs was performed. This paper proposes a deep subspace nonnegative matrix factorization (DS-NMF) algorithm to perform a multi-layer nonlinear transformation on the intersection of gene expression profiles corresponding to AMD samples. The age of AMD patients is used as prior information at the network's top level to change the data distribution. The classification is based on reconstructed data with altered distribution. The types obtained significantly differ in scores of multiple immune-related pathways and immune cell infiltration abundance. Secondly, an optimal AMD diagnosis model was constructed using multiple machine learning algorithms for external and qRT-PCR verification. Finally, ten potential therapeutic drugs for AMD were identified based on cMAP analysis. The AMD subtypes identified in this article and the diagnostic model constructed can provide a reference for treating AMD and discovering new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Su
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aimin Sang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Kovács-Valasek A, Rák T, Pöstyéni E, Csutak A, Gábriel R. Three Major Causes of Metabolic Retinal Degenerations and Three Ways to Avoid Them. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108728. [PMID: 37240082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of homeostasis in the retina leads to neuron loss and this eventually results in a deterioration of vision. If the stress threshold is exceeded, different protective/survival mechanisms are activated. Numerous key molecular actors contribute to prevalent metabolically induced retinal diseases-the three major challenges are age-related alterations, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These diseases have complex dysregulation of glucose-, lipid-, amino acid or purine metabolism. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on possible ways of preventing or circumventing retinal degeneration by available methods. We intend to provide a unified background, common prevention and treatment rationale for these disorders and identify the mechanisms through which these actions protect the retina. We suggest a role for herbal medicines, internal neuroprotective substances and synthetic drugs targeting four processes: parainflammation and/or glial cell activation, ischemia and related reactive oxygen species and vascular endothelial growth factor accumulation, apoptosis and/or autophagy of nerve cells and an elevation of ocular perfusion pressure and/or intraocular pressure. We conclude that in order to achieve substantial preventive or therapeutic effects, at least two of the mentioned pathways should be targeted synergistically. A repositioning of some drugs is considered to use them for the cure of the other related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Rák
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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3
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Balkrishna A, Pathak R, Bhatt S, Arya V. Molecular Insights of Plant Phytochemicals Against Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 19:e250822207994. [PMID: 36028963 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666220825124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and its associated complications including diabetic neuropathy have become a menacing headache for health workers and scientists all over the world. The number of diabetic individuals has been growing exponentially every day while the entire medical fraternity feels crippled and unable to handle such an enormous and anarchical scenario. The disease also demonstrates itself in the patients in numerous ways ranging from a little discomfort to death. Diabetic neuropathy has a poor prognosis since it might go unnoticed for years after the onset of diabetes. The etiology of the disease has been linked to oxidative stress caused by increased free radical production. Hyperglycemia causes multiple metabolic pathways to be activated, as well as significant oxidative stress, which becomes the major cause of cell death, culminating in Diabetic Neuropathy. So, it is the need of the hour to find out permanent treatment for this life-threatening disease. The primary goal of this study is to emphasize the potential importance of numerous processes and pathways in the development of diabetic neuropathy as well as the possible role of plant metabolites to control the disease at a molecular level. A possible mechanism was also summarized in the study about scavenging the reactive oxygen species by a flavonoid component. The study also covered the in vivo data of various plants and some of the flavonoid compounds actively studied against Diabetic Neuropathy by inhibiting or reducing the contributing factors such as proinflammatory cytokines, ROS, RNS inhibition, and upregulating the various cellular antioxidants such as GSH, SOD, and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Department of Patanjali Herbal Research, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar-249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakshit Pathak
- Department of Patanjali Herbal Research, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar-249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalini Bhatt
- Department of Patanjali Herbal Research, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar-249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vedpriya Arya
- Department of Patanjali Herbal Research, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar-249405, Uttarakhand, India
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Yuan X, Wu H, Li X, Chen L, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Liu G, Lu P. SDF‑1α/CXCR4 signaling promotes capillary tube formation of human retinal vascular endothelial cells by activating ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:305. [PMID: 35946444 PMCID: PMC9435019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to address the effect and mechanism of stromal cell‑derived factor‑1 (SDF‑1)α/chemokine (C‑X‑C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling on capillary tube formation of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs). The expression of CXCR4 in HRECs was quantified by reverse transcription (RT‑PCR) and western blotting. The effects of SDF‑1α/CXCR4 signaling in capillary tube formation and migration of HRECs was examined using three‑dimensional Matrigel assay and wound scratching assay respectively in vitro. Cell proliferation of HRECs was examined using cell counting kit (CCK)‑8 assay in the presence of different concentrations of SDF‑1α protein. The effect of SDF‑1α/CXCR4 signaling in HREC expression of VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), IL‑8 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)‑1 was examined using RT‑PCR and western blotting. RT‑PCR and western blot analysis revealed CXCR4 was expressed in HRECs. The number of intact capillary tubes formed by HRECs in the presence of SDF‑1α was markedly more compared with a PBS treated control group. However, it was reduced with treatment with an CXCR4 antagonist. Wound scratching assay showed a significant increase in the number of migrated HRECs under SDF‑1α stimulation and the number was reduced with treatment with an CXCR4 antagonist. RT‑PCR and western blotting showed that SDF‑1α significantly promoted VEGF, bFGF, IL‑8 and ICAM‑1 expression in HRECs. The proliferation of HRECs in the presence of SDF‑1α was promoted in a dosage‑dependent manner. SDF‑1α/CXCR4 signaling can increase HREC capillary tube formation through promoting HREC migration, proliferation and expression of VEGF, bFGF, IL‑8 and ICAM‑1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Gaoqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Takkar B, Sheemar A, Jayasudha R, Soni D, Narayanan R, Venkatesh P, Shivaji S, Das T. Unconventional avenues to decelerated diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1574-1592. [PMID: 35803389 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), causing significant visual impairment worldwide. Current gold standards for retarding the progress of DR include blood sugar control and regular fundus screening. Despite these measures, the incidence and prevalence of DR and vision-threatening DR remain high. Given its slowly progressive course and long latent period, opportunities to contain or slow DR before it threatens vision must be explored. This narrative review assesses the recently described unconventional strategies to retard DR progression. These include gut-ocular flow, gene therapy, mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress, stem cell therapeutics, neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory treatments, lifestyle modification, and usage of phytochemicals. These therapies impact DR directly, while some of them also influence DM control. Most of these strategies are currently in the preclinical stage, and clinical evidence remains low. Nevertheless, our review suggests that these approaches have the potential for human use to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Takkar
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Abhishek Sheemar
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Deepak Soni
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Taraprasad Das
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Ningsih FN, Okuyama T, To S, Nishidono Y, Okumura T, Tanaka K, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. Comparative Analysis of Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Constituents of the Rhizome of Cnidium officinale Using Rat Hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1867-1875. [PMID: 33268704 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Cnidium officinale (Umbelliferae) (known as Senkyu in Japan; COR) has been used as a crude drug in Japanese Kampo formulas, such as Jumihaidokuto (to treat eczema and urticaria) and Kakkontokasenkyushin'i (to treat rhinitis). COR contains phthalides, which are thought to be potent principal constituents. Few studies have been reported about the comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of COR constituents. We aimed to identify the constituents in COR and compare their anti-inflammatory activity. COR was extracted with methanol and fractionated into ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble, n-butanol-soluble, and water-soluble fractions. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were used to assess anti-inflammatory activity by monitoring the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator. The EtOAc-soluble fraction significantly suppressed NO production without showing cytotoxicity in IL-1β-treated hepatocytes, whereas the n-butanol-soluble fraction showed less potency, and the water-soluble fraction did not significantly affect the NO levels. Four constituents were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction and identified as senkyunolide A, (3S)-butylphthalide, neocnidilide, and cnidilide. Among these phthalides and (Z)-ligustilide, senkyunolide A and (Z)-ligustilide efficiently suppressed NO production in hepatocytes, whereas the others showed less potency in the suppression of NO production. Furthermore, senkyunolide A decreased the levels of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA, as well as the levels of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20. These results suggest that senkyunolide A may cause the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of COR by suppressing the genes involved in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Shoko To
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University.,Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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7
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Surface Characterization, Biocompatibility and Antifungal Efficacy of a Denture-Lining Material Containing Cnidium officinale Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051440. [PMID: 33799919 PMCID: PMC7962000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the surface characterization and biocompatibility of a denture-lining material containing Cnidium officinale extracts and its antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans. To achieve this, a denture-lining material containing various concentrations of C. officinale extract and a control group without C. officinale extract were prepared. The surface characterization and biocompatibility of the samples were investigated. In addition, the antifungal efficacy of the samples on C. albicans was investigated using spectrophotometric growth and a LIVE/DEAD assay. The results revealed that there was no significant difference between the biocompatibility of the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the antifungal efficiency of the denture material on C. albicans and that of the control group (p < 0.05), which was confirmed by the LIVE/DEAD assay. These results indicate the promising potential of the C. officinale extract-containing denture-lining material as an antifungal dental material.
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8
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Vinekar A, Nair AP, Sinha S, Vaidya T, Chakrabarty K, Shetty R, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Tear Fluid Angiogenic Factors: Potential Noninvasive Biomarkers for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Preterm Infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:2. [PMID: 33646290 PMCID: PMC7938022 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the status of proangiogenic factors in the tear fluid of preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods Preterm infants (n = 36) undergoing routine ROP screening included in the prospective study were categorized as No-ROP (n = 13, no ROP at any visits), ROP (if ROP was present at first visit; n = 18), or No-ROP to ROP (no disease at first visit, but developed ROP subsequently; n = 5). Infants with ROP were also grouped as progressing (n = 7) and regressing (n = 16) based on ROP evolution between the first and subsequent visits. Schirmer's strips were used to collect tear fluid and proangiogenic factors (VEGF, angiogenin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, and fractalkine) levels (in picograms per milliliter) in tear fluid were measured by multiplex ELISA. Results Lower levels of VEGF (135 ± 69; mean ± standard deviation) and higher levels of angiogenin (6568 ± 4975) were observed in infants with ROP compared with infants without ROP (172.5 ± 54.0; 4139 ± 3909) at the first visit. Significantly lower levels of VEGF were observed in the No-ROP to ROP group compared with the No-ROP and ROP groups. The VEGF and angiogenin levels at the first visit were significantly lower in infants with ROP with progressing disease. Angiogenin levels negatively correlated with birth weight and gestational age in ROP. The area under the curve (AUC) and odds ratio (OR) analysis demonstrated that angiogenin/birth weight (AUC = 0.776; OR, 8.6); angiogenin/gestational age (AUC = 0.706; OR, 7.3) and Angiogenin/VEGF (AUC = 0.806; OR, 14.3) ratios were able to differentiated preterm infants with and without ROP. Conclusions The association between angiogenin and ROP suggests its possible role in ROP. The ratio of angiogenin level with birth weight, gestational age, and/or VEGF could serve as a potential noninvasive screening biomarker for ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Vinekar
- Department of Pediatric Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Archana Padmanabhan Nair
- GROW Research Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shivani Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Research Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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9
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Proteins Derived from Cnidium officinale Makino React with Serum IgE of Allergic Patients and Stimulate ERK/NF-kB Activation in Human Mast Cell Line HMC-1 Cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Potential Effects of Nutraceuticals in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020079. [PMID: 33499180 PMCID: PMC7912639 DOI: 10.3390/life11020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of childhood blindness, is a hypoxia-induced eye disease characterized by retinal neovascularization. In the normal retina, a well-organized vascular network provides oxygen and nutrients as energy sources to maintain a normal visual function; however, it is disrupted when pathological angiogenesis is induced in ROP patients. Under hypoxia, inadequate oxygen and energy supply lead to oxidative stress and stimulate neovasculature formation as well as affecting the function of photoreceptors. In order to meet the metabolic needs in the developing retina, protection against abnormal vascular formation is one way to manage ROP. Although current treatments provide beneficial effects in reducing the severity of ROP, these invasive therapies may also induce life-long consequences such as systemic structural and functional complications as well as neurodevelopment disruption in the developing infants. Nutritional supplements for the newborns are a novel concept for restoring energy supply by protecting the retinal vasculature and may lead to better ROP management. Nutraceuticals are provided in a non-invasive manner without the developmental side effects associated with current treatments. These nutraceuticals have been investigated through various in vitro and in vivo methods and are indicated to protect retinal vasculature. Here, we reviewed and discussed how the use of these nutraceuticals may be beneficial in ROP prevention and management.
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11
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Solís-Fernández G, Montero-Calle A, Alonso-Navarro M, Fernandez-Torres MÁ, Lledó VE, Garranzo-Asensio M, Barderas R, Guzman-Aranguez A. Protein Microarrays for Ocular Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2344:239-265. [PMID: 34115364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1562-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The eye is a multifaceted organ organized in several compartments with particular properties that reflect their diverse functions. The prevalence of ocular diseases is increasing, mainly because of its relationship with aging and of generalized lifestyle changes. However, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of many common eye pathologies remain poorly understood. Considering the unquestionable importance of proteins in cellular processes and disease progression, proteomic techniques, such as protein microarrays, represent a valuable approach to analyze pathophysiological protein changes in the ocular environment. This technology enables to perform multiplex high-throughput protein expression profiling with minimal sample volume requirements broadening our knowledge of ocular proteome network in eye diseases.In this review, we present a brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays (antibody microarrays, reverse-phase protein microarrays, and protein microarrays) and their application for protein change detection in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. The validation of these specific protein changes in eye pathologies may lead to the identification of new biomarkers, depiction of ocular disease pathways, and assistance in the diagnosis, prognosis, and development of new therapeutic options for eye pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Solís-Fernández
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Alonso-Navarro
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernandez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Eugenia Lledó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garranzo-Asensio
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Evaluations of the Chuanqi Ophthalmic Microemulsion In Situ Gel on Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3805967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third largest eye disease. However, the eye has a variety of drug delivery barriers, which prevent the drug from reaching the lesions in the posterior segment of the eye, coupled with the pathogenesis of dry-AMD; these lead to the lack of effective treatment drugs for dry-AMD. Therefore, the developments of a suitable therapeutic drug and a novel ophthalmic preparation are of great significance for the treatment of dry-AMD. The purposes of this study were to construct a novel traditional Chinese medicine (Chuanqi Fang) anti-AMD microemulsion in situ gel for treating dry-AMD and investigate its characteristic, efficiency, irritation, and tissue distribution. In this study, the characteristic of the Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel was measured by dynamic light scattering. The electroretinogram (ERG) indicators and the number of retinal pigment epithelial cells were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the novel ophthalmic nanopreparations. Irritation was evaluated according to Technical Guideline Principles (ZGPT4-1). The analysis of tissue distribution was carried out with LC-MS. The research showed that the particle size of microemulsion was 38.56 ± 0.21 nm. The Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel had certain roles in repairing retina damage of the dry-AMD animal model and showed no irritation. The tissue distribution study found that the microemulsion in situ gel could effectively deliver the drug to the posterior eye of the AMD model rat through the route of cornea-vitreous body-retina. In conclusion, this study provided a meaningful research strategy and research basis for the development of new dry-AMD therapeutic drugs.
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13
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Lee MJ, Kang MK. Analysis of the Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Cnidium officinale Extracts. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080988. [PMID: 32759809 PMCID: PMC7463517 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of Cnidiumofficinale (CO) extracts to confirm their antimicrobial activity toward oral microorganisms. The control group contained 0 μg/mL of CO, and the experimental groups contained 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL of CO. To confirm the antibacterial activity of CO extracts against microorganisms in the oral cavity, an inhibition zone test, a colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis, an optical density (OD) evaluation, and a SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis were performed. A cytotoxicity test was also conducted to determine cell viability, and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols were measured to analyze the extract components. In the control group, the growth inhibition zone increased, while the CFU and OD values decreased (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis confirmed that the number of microorganisms for both the microbes decreased. The cell viability was more than 80% in both the control and experimental groups, excluding the 200 μg/mL sample. The flavonoid and polyphenol contents in the experimental groups showed higher values than those of the control group. Therefore, the CO extract showed considerable antimicrobial activity toward both Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, suggesting that it may be used as a natural antimicrobial agent for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 330704, Korea;
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Haemi-myun, Seosan-si 31963, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Jung E, Jung WK, Park S, Kim HR, Kim J. Aucuba japonica extract inhibits retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, with its bioactive components preventing VEGF-induced retinal vascular hyperpermeability. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2895-2903. [PMID: 32566207 PMCID: PMC7300051 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization in the retina is common pathophysiology of diabetic retinal microvasculopathy and exudative macular degeneration. Our study assessed the inhibitory activity of an ethanol-based extract of Aucuba japonica (AJE) on abnormal angiogenesis in the retina with a hyperoxia-induced neovascular retinopathy model. The inhibitory effects of aucubin, quercetin, and kaempferol, bioactive compounds, from A. japonica, on retinal vascular hyperpermeability were also examined. On the 7th postnatal day (P7), the C57BL/6 pups were exposed to a hyperoxic environment with 75% oxygen to develop the experimental angiogenesis in retinas. On the 12th postnatal day (P12), the pups were then returned to the normal atmospheric pressure of oxygen. From P12 to P16, the administration was intraperitoneal. The dose per day was 250 mg per kg weight. Retinal neovascularization was measured with retinal flat mounts prepared on P17. We also measured the vascular leakage mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinas. Mice treated with AJE had markedly smaller neovascular lesions, in comparison with vehicle-administered mice. AJE downregulated the expression of both VEGF protein and mRNA. In addition, aucubin, quercetin, and kaempferol ameliorated VEGF-induced retinal vascular leakage. The results of our study suggest that AJE is a potent antiangiogenic substance. AJE could also serve as a therapeutic agent for abnormal growth of vessels in the retina in patients with ischemic retinopathy. The bioactive compounds of AJE may be responsible for its antiangiogenic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Jung
- Laboratory of ToxicologyResearch Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Woo Kwon Jung
- Department of Oral PathologySchool of DentistryJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Su‐Bin Park
- Department of Oral PathologySchool of DentistryJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Department of Oral PathologySchool of DentistryJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral PathologySchool of DentistryJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
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Lin YL, Huang XF, Chang KF, Liao KW, Tsai NM. Encapsulated n-Butylidenephthalide Efficiently Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Suppresses Growth of Glioblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:749-760. [PMID: 32099363 PMCID: PMC6999785 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s235815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) has anti-tumor effects on glioblastoma. However, the limitation of BP for clinical application is its unstable structure. A polycationic liposomal polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) complex (LPPC) has been developed to encapsulate BP for drug structure protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the BP/LPPC complex on glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods DBTRG-05MG tumor bearing xenograft mice were treated with BP and BP/LPPC and then their tumor sizes, survival, drug biodistribution were measured. RG2 tumor bearing F344 rats also treated with BP and BP/LPPC and then their tumor sizes by magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation blood–brain barrier (BBB) across and drug therapeutic effects. After treated with BP/LPPC in vitro, cell uptake, cell cycle and apoptotic regulators were analyzed for evaluation the therapeutic mechanism. Results In athymic mice, BP/LPPC could efficiently suppress tumor growth and prolong survival. In F334 rats, BP/LPPC crossed the BBB and led to tumor shrinkage. BP/LPPC promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and triggered the extrinsic and intrinsic cell apoptosis pathways resulting cell death. BP/LPPC also efficiently suppressed VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Conclusion BP/LPPC was rapidly and efficiently transported to the tumor area across the BBB and induced cell apoptosis, anti-angiogenetic and anti-metastatic effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fan Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Medicine of Chung Shun Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Medicine of Chung Shun Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Enhancement of Endometrial Receptivity by Cnidium officinale through Expressing LIF and Integrins. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7560631. [PMID: 31827559 PMCID: PMC6885254 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7560631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of endometrial receptivity is necessary for successful embryo implantation, and its impairment is associated with female infertility. In this study, we investigated the effect of the roots of Cnidium officinale Makino (CoM) on endometrial receptivity in both in vitro and in vivo model of embryo implantation. We found that CoM enhanced the adhesion of JAr cells to Ishikawa cells by stimulating expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and integrins. In addition, blocking of LIFR using hLA or neutralization of integrins αV, β3, and β5 using antibodies significantly reduced the enhanced adhesion between JAr cell and CoM-treated Ishikawa cells, indicating that LIF and integrin play an important role in trophoblast-endometrium adhesion for embryo implantation. Furthermore, we identified that CoM significantly improved the implantation rate of blastocysts in the mouse model of RU-induced implantation failure. By collecting these results, here, we suggest that CoM has a therapeutic potential against female infertility associated with decreased endometrial receptivity.
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Garranzo-Asensio M, Montero-Calle A, Solís-Fernández G, Barderas R, Guzman-Aranguez A. Protein Microarrays: Valuable Tools for Ocular Diseases Research. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:4549-4566. [PMID: 31244416 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190627131300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The eye is a complex organ comprised of several compartments with exclusive and specialized properties that reflect their diverse functions. Although the prevalence of eye pathologies is increasing, mainly because of its correlation with aging and of generalized lifestyle changes, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of many common ocular diseases remain poorly understood. Therefore, there is an unmet need to delve into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases to preserve ocular health and reduce the incidence of visual impairment or blindness. Proteomics analysis stands as a valuable tool for deciphering protein profiles related to specific ocular conditions. In turn, such profiles can lead to real breakthroughs in the fields of ocular science and ophthalmology. Among proteomics techniques, protein microarray technology stands out by providing expanded information using very small volumes of samples. In this review, we present a brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays and their application for the identification of protein changes in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The validation of these specific protein alterations could provide new biomarkers, disclose eye diseases pathways, and help in the diagnosis and development of novel therapies for eye pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Garranzo-Asensio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, Madrid 28037, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Solís-Fernández
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, Madrid 28037, Spain
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Analgesic Effects of Cnidium officinale Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9698727. [PMID: 31316578 PMCID: PMC6601495 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9698727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale, widely cultivated in East Asia, has been reported to exhibit pharmacological efficacy in various disorders. However, little has been reported on its role as a pain killer. In this study, we reveal that the C. officinale extract (COE) has great efficacy as a novel analgesic in various in vivo pain models. Administration of COE attenuated hypersensitivity in all postoperative, neuropathic, and menopausal pain models. Decreased hyperalgesia was confirmed by a mechanical withdrawal threshold assay and ultrasonic vocalization call analysis. In addition, application of COE inhibited the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines and calpain-3 on dorsal root ganglion neurons in a spared nerve injury rat model. Treatment with ferulic acid, which was identified as one of the components of COE by HPLC analysis, alleviated nociceptive behaviors. Our findings suggest that ferulic acid is an active compound from COE, and COE is a potential phytomedical source for pain relief by inhibiting the process of inflammation.
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Aloin Inhibits Müller Cells Swelling in a Rat Model of Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Retinopathy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112806. [PMID: 30380640 PMCID: PMC6278412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Swelling of retinal Müller cells is implicated in retinal edema and neuronal degeneration. Müller cell swelling is observed in patients with liver failure and is referred to as hepatic retinopathy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of aloin, an anthraquinone-C-glycoside present in various Aloe species, on Müller cell dysfunction in a rat model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic retinopathy. Experimental hepatic retinopathy was induced by three injections of TAA (200 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection) for 3 days in rats. After the last injection of TAA, aloin (50 and 100 mg/kg) was orally gavaged for 5 days. The effects of aloin on the liver injury, serum ammonia levels, Müller cell swelling, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and gene expression of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 were examined. TAA-injected rats exhibited liver failure and hyperammonemia. In the TAA-injected rats, Müller cell bodies were highly enlarged, and GFAP, an indicator of retinal stress, was highly expressed in the retinas, indicating a predominant Müller cell gliosis. However, administration of aloin suppressed liver injury as well as Müller cell swelling through the normalization of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 channels, which play a key role in potassium and water transport in Müller cells. These results indicate that aloin may be helpful to protect retinal injury associated with liver failure.
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Parveen A, Kim JH, Oh BG, Subedi L, Khan Z, Kim SY. Phytochemicals: Target-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Retinopathy. Molecules 2018; 23:E1519. [PMID: 29937497 PMCID: PMC6100391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A variety of causative factors are involved in the initiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current antidiabetic therapies are expensive and not easily accessible by the public. Furthermore, the use of multiple synthetic drugs leads to severe side effects, which worsen the diabetic patient’s condition. Medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals are considered safe and effective treatment and their consumption can reduce the DR risk. In this article, we discuss a variety of medicinal plants, and their noteworthy bio-active constituents, that will be utilized as target based therapeutic strategies for DR. Methods: A broad-spectrum study was conducted using published English works in various electronic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: Targeting the multiple pathological factors including ROS, AGEs formation, hexosamine flux, PARP, PKC, and MAPK activation through variety of bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, diabetes progression can be delayed with improved loss of vision. Conclusions: Data reveals that traditional herbs and their prominent bioactive components control and normalize pathological cellular factors involved in DR progression. Therefore, studies should be carried out to explore the protective retinopathy effects of medicinal plants using experimental animal and humans models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Parveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan.
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Byeong Gyu Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Zahra Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
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Park I, Yang S, Kim WJ, Noh P, Lee HO, Moon BC. The complete chloroplast genome of Cnidium officinale Makino. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:490-491. [PMID: 33474215 PMCID: PMC7800684 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1464413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale (Ligusticum officinale) is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of C. officinale using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 148,518 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 93,977 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,607 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 18,467 bp each. The genome contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 30 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. officinale is most closely related to L. tenuissium, with high bootstrap values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Park
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Jin Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureum Noh
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Oh Lee
- Phyzen Genomics Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Aster koraiensis Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Inhibit Retinal Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6402650. [PMID: 29849715 PMCID: PMC5937502 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6402650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aster koraiensis extract (AKE) is a standard dietary herbal supplement. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is the major compound present in AKE. Retinal neovascularization is a common pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and wet form age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of AKE and CA on retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) induced tube formation was assayed in human vascular endothelial cells. Experimental retinal neovascularization was induced by exposing C57BL/6 mice to 75% oxygen on postnatal day 7 (P7) and then returning them to normal oxygen pressure on P12. AKE (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) and CA (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days (P12–P16). Retinal flat mounts were prepared to measure the extent of retinal neovascularization at P17. The incubation of human vascular endothelial cells with AKE and CA (1–10 μg/mL) resulted in the inhibition of VEGF-mediated tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. The neovascular area was significantly smaller in AKE or CA-treated mice than in the vehicle-treated mice. These results suggest that AKE is a potent antiangiogenic agent and that its antiangiogenic activity may, in part, be attributable to the bioactive component CA.
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miR-211 Plays a Critical Role in Cnidium officinale Makino Extract-Induced, ROS/ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in U937 and U266 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030865. [PMID: 29543750 PMCID: PMC5877726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Cnidium officinale Makino (COM) was known to have anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects, the underlying anticancer mechanism of COM using endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and miRNA remained unclear until now. Thus, in the current study, the inhibitory mechanism of COM in lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells was elucidated. COM exerted cytotoxicity in U937 and U266 but not Raw264.7 cells. COM treatment increased the expression of ER stress-related proteins such as p-protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), p-eukaryotic initiation factor (p-eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). COM also cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in a dose-dependent manner in both cells. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was elevated by COM treatment. Conversely, the apoptotic effect of COM treatment was blocked by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment. Also, the pro-survival miRNA, miR-211 was decreased by COM treatment in U937 and U266 cells. miR-211 mimic attenuated COM-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results support the scientific evidence that COM induces apoptosis via ROS generation/CHOP activation and miR-211 suppression in U937 and U266 cells.
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Falcarindiol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation via attenuating MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 445:169-178. [PMID: 29368095 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Falcarindiol (FAD) is a natural polyacetylene compound found rich in many plants of the Umbelliferae family. Previously, we isolated FAD from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family and found it to have a significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide, a pro-inflammatory molecule in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated its effect on the expression of other major pro-inflammatory molecules as well as the mechanism underlying these effects. Pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with FAD suppressed LPS-stimulated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and thereby reduced the respective protein levels. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that FAD attenuated the LPS-induced activation of JNK, ERK, STAT1, and STAT3 signaling molecules. Moreover, we found that FAD did not influence LPS-induced activation of p38 and NFκB signaling pathways. Collectively, this study provides evidence that FAD inhibits the production of major pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-challenged murine macrophages via suppression of JNK, ERK, and STAT signaling pathways.
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A Critical Analysis of the Available In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods to Study Retinal Angiogenesis. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:3034953. [PMID: 28848677 PMCID: PMC5564124 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3034953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a biological process with a central role in retinal diseases. The choice of the ideal method to study angiogenesis, particularly in the retina, remains a problem. Angiogenesis can be assessed through in vitro and in vivo studies. In spite of inherent limitations, in vitro studies are faster, easier to perform and quantify, and typically less expensive and allow the study of isolated angiogenesis steps. We performed a systematic review of PubMed searching for original articles that applied in vitro or ex vivo angiogenic retinal assays until May 2017, presenting the available assays and discussing their applicability, advantages, and disadvantages. Most of the studies evaluated migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells in response to inhibitory or stimulatory compounds. Other aspects of angiogenesis were studied by assessing cell permeability, adhesion, or apoptosis, as well as by implementing organotypic models of the retina. Emphasis is placed on how the methods are applied and how they can contribute to retinal angiogenesis comprehension. We also discuss how to choose the best cell culture to implement these methods. When applied together, in vitro and ex vivo studies constitute a powerful tool to improve retinal angiogenesis knowledge. This review provides support for researchers to better select the most suitable protocols in this field.
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