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Ciszek-Lenda M, Nowak B, Majka G, Suski M, Walczewska M, Fedor A, Golińska E, Górska S, Gamian A, Olszanecki R, Strus M, Marcinkiewicz J. Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan improves the response of trained macrophages to severe P. aeruginosa infections. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1283-1297. [PMID: 38850343 PMCID: PMC11282130 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P. AERUGINOSA: (PA), the major pathogen of lung cystic fibrosis (CF), polarizes macrophages into hyperinflammatory tissue damaging phenotype. The main aim of this study was to verify whether training of macrophages with β-glucan might improve their response to P. aeruginosa infections. METHODS To perform this task C57BL/6 mice sensitive to infections with P. aeruginosa were used. Peritoneal macrophages were trained with Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan and exposed to PA57, the strong biofilm-forming bacterial strain isolated from the patient with severe lung CF. The release of cytokines and the expression of macrophage phenotypic markers were measured. A quantitative proteomic approach was used for the characterization of proteome-wide changes in macrophages. The effect of in vivo β-glucan-trained macrophages in the air pouch model of PA57 infection was investigated. In all experiments the effect of trained and naïve macrophages was compared. RESULTS Trained macrophages acquired a specific phenotype with mixed pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution characteristics, however they retained anti-bacterial properties. Most importantly, transfer of trained macrophages into infected air pouches markedly ameliorated the course of infection. PA57 bacterial growth and formation of biofilm were significantly suppressed. The level of serum amyloid A (SAA), a systemic inflammation biomarker, was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Training of murine macrophages with S. cerevisiae β-glucan improved macrophage defense properties along with inhibition of secretion of some detrimental inflammatory agents. We suggest that training of macrophages with such β-glucans might be a new therapeutic strategy in P. aeruginosa biofilm infections, including CF, to promote eradication of pathogens and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ciszek-Lenda
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Maciej Suski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, 31-53, Poland
| | - Maria Walczewska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland
| | - Angelika Fedor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland
| | - Edyta Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland
| | - Sabina Górska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, 31-53, Poland
| | - Magdalena Strus
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Krakow, 31-121, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- University of Agriculture, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30- 059, Poland
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Lee NK, Jang HJ, Paik HD. Non-lactic acid bacteria probiotics isolated from intestine or various circumstances. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1997-2007. [PMID: 39130655 PMCID: PMC11315843 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms beneficial to host health, predominantly comprising lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus. Additional non-LAB probiotics, termed intestinal isolates, encompass next-generation strains like Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Christensenella minuta, Anaerobutyricum soehngenii, Oxalobacter formigenes, etc. and alongside externally sourced Bacillus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium butyricum, and Propionibacterium. Intestinal-derived probiotics represent strictly anaerobic strains with challenging culturing requirements, contrasting with the aerobic nature of Bacillus probiotics and the ease of culturing S. cerevisiae. These strains exhibit diverse health-promoting properties, encompassing antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and vitamin production capabilities, albeit contingent upon strain specificity. This review delineates the characteristics, culturing conditions, and health advantages associated with non-LAB probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Park SY, Kim YH, Kim SJ, Han JH. Impact of Long-Term Supplementation with Probiotics on Gut Microbiota and Growth Performance in Post-Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1652. [PMID: 38891699 PMCID: PMC11171352 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of long-term probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and growth performance in health weaned piglets. The non-probiotic group (N-PrB) was fed only a basal diet, while the probiotic group (PrB) was fed a basal diet + probiotic combination (E. faecium 1.6 × 108 CFU/g, B. subtilis 2.0 × 108 CFU/g, S. cerevisiae 3.0 × 108 CFU/g). The probiotics combination was provided to the PrB, mixing with the basal diet in 5 kg/ton. As a result, the PrB exhibited significantly improved weight gain compared to the N-PrB (p = 0.00991). In the gut microbiome analysis, the PrB exhibited a significant increasing tendency of α-diversity compared to those of the N-PrB (p < 0.01). In the bacterial relative abundance changes in bacteria comprising the gut microbiota, Ruminococcaceae (p = 0.00281) and Prevotella (p = 0.00687) tended to significantly increase in the PrB, but decreased in the N-PrB. The Eubaterium coprostanoligenes group exhibited an increasing tendency in both groups, but tended to increase more significantly in the PrB compared to the N-PrB (p = 0.00681). Muribaculaceae tended to significantly increase in the N-PrB, but decreased in the PrB (p = 0.002779). In this study, significant differences on the gut microbiome were found according to the probiotics supplementation in the weaned piglets and these gut microbiome changes appeared to improve the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Jae Kim
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Kyungbok University, Namyangju 12051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Han
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
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4
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Al-Fakhrany OM, Elekhnawy E. Next-generation probiotics: the upcoming biotherapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:505. [PMID: 38619680 PMCID: PMC11018693 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent and continuing advances in gut microbiome research have pointed out the role of the gut microbiota as an unexplored source of potentially beneficial probiotic microbes. Along the lines of these advances, both public awareness and acceptance of probiotics are increasing. That's why; academic and industrial research is dedicated to identifying and investigating new microbial strains for the development of next-generation probiotics (NGPs). At this time, there is a growing interest in NGPs as biotherapeutics that alter the gut microbiome and affect various diseases development. In this work, we have focused on some emergent and promising NGPs, specifically Eubacterium hallii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bacteroides fragilis, as their presence in the gut can have an impact on the development of various diseases. Emerging studies point out the beneficial roles of these NGPs and open up novel promising therapeutic options. Interestingly, these NGPs were found to enhance gastrointestinal immunity, enhance immunotherapy efficacy in cancer patients, retain the intestinal barrier integrity, generate valuable metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids, and decrease complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although many of these NGPs are considered promising for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases, research on humans is still lacking. Therefore, approval of these microbes from regulatory agencies is rare. Besides, some issues limit their wide use in the market, such as suitable methods for the culture and storage of these oxygen-sensitive microbes. The present review goes over the main points related to NGPs and gives a viewpoint on the key issues that still hinder their wide application. Furthermore, we have focused on the advancement in NGPs and human healthiness investigations by clarifying the limitations of traditional probiotic microorganisms, discussing the characteristics of emerging NGPs and defining their role in the management of certain ailments. Future research should emphasize the isolation, mechanisms of action of these probiotics, safety, and clinical efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Momtaz Al-Fakhrany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Rahimi D, Sadeghi A, Kashaninejad M, Ebrahimi M. Postbiotic characterization of a potential probiotic yeast isolate, and its microencapsulation in alginate beads coated layer-by-layer with chitosan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28452. [PMID: 38560170 PMCID: PMC10979270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering biosafety concerns and survivability limitations of probiotics (PRO) under different stresses, application of postbiotics and encapsulated PRO has received considerable attentions. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to investigate the postbiotic capabilities of a potential PRO yeast isolate and the effect of encapsulation with alginate (Alg) and chitosan (Ch) on its survival under SGI conditions. Sequencing results of the PCR products led to the identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the selected potential PRO yeast isolated from wheat germ sourdough. High survival of the isolate under simulated gastrointestinal (SGI) conditions (95.74%), its proper adhesion abilities, as well as its potent inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes (75.84%) and Aspergillus niger (77.35%) were approved. Interestingly, the yeast cell-free supernatant (CFS) showed the highest antioxidant (84.35%) and phytate-degrading (56.19%) activities compared to the viable and heat-dead cells of the isolate. According to the results of the HPLC-based assay, anti-ochratoxin A (OTA) capability of the dead cells was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the viable cell. Meanwhile, the yeast CFS had no anti-OTA and antimicrobial activities against the foodborne bacteria and fungi tested. Further, microencapsulation of the yeast isolate in Alg beads coated layer-by-layer with Ch (with 77.02% encapsulation efficacy and diameter of 1059 μm based on the field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis) significantly enhanced its survivability under SGI conditions in comparison with the free cells. In addition, electrostatic cross-linking between negatively charged carboxylic groups of Alg and positively charged amino groups of Ch was verified in accordance with Fourier transform infrared and zeta potential data. Human and/or industrial food trials in future are needed for practical applications of these emerging ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delasa Rahimi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kashaninejad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Food, Drug and Natural Products Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
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Hong Y, Song G, Feng X, Niu J, Wang L, Yang C, Luo X, Zhou S, Ma W. The Probiotic Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 Alleviates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet C57BL/6J Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1124. [PMID: 38611428 PMCID: PMC11011337 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity poses a significant threat to various health conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart attack, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in maintaining the body's energy balance. We identified a novel probiotic fungal strain, Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 (K. lactis), which was isolated from yak milk and was found to possess anti-obesity properties. Additionally, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 8198 (LP8198) from our previous study was also included to evaluate its anti-obesity properties. The findings indicated that K. lactis caused a notable reduction in weight gain, liver and fat indexes, and hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Administering K. lactis and LP8198 to mice on a high-fat diet resulted in a reduction of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the supplements reduced ALT and AST activity, and inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, lipid metabolism was enhanced by the downregulation of ACC1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, and Fasn. Moreover, this study found that K. lactis and LP8198 have little effect on gut bacteria. Additionally, K. lactis partially influenced intestinal fungi, while LP8198 had a minor influence on gut mycobiota. The main goal of this research was to show how effective K. lactis can be as a probiotic in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Guodong Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Jialei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Caini Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Sa Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
- Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
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Szóstak N, Handschuh L, Samelak-Czajka A, Tomela K, Pietrzak B, Schmidt M, Galus Ł, Mackiewicz J, Mackiewicz A, Kozlowski P, Philips A. Gut Mycobiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Melanoma and Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:427-439. [PMID: 38315788 PMCID: PMC10985481 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that gut microbiota may be vital in the advancement of melanoma. In this study, we found that melanoma patients exhibited a distinct gut mycobiota structure compared with healthy participants. Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Neurospora crassa were more abundant in samples from patients with melanoma, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii were less abundant. During anti-PD-1 treatment, the relative amount of Malassezia restricta and C. albicans increased. A higher level of Saccharomyces paradoxus was associated with a positive response to anti-PD-1 treatment, whereas a higher level of Tetrapisispora blattae was associated with a lack of clinical benefits. High levels of M. restricta and C. albicans, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and being overweight were linked to increased risk of melanoma progression and poorer response to anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, this study has revealed melanoma-associated mycobiome dysbiosis, characterized by altered fungal composition and fungi species associated with a higher risk of melanoma progression, identifying a role for the gut mycobiome in melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szóstak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Luiza Handschuh
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Samelak-Czajka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tomela
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Pietrzak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Galus
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Jacek Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Mirseyed PS, Kheirabadi S, Anbarteh R, H Ghaffari M. Assessment of mycotoxin sequestration efficacy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by-products cultured in wheat bran and whey protein medium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3101. [PMID: 38326556 PMCID: PMC10850169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are metabolic products of fungi found in feed for farm animals and pose a major threat to food safety due to their adverse health effects. The development of strategies to reduce their bioavailability is crucial. In this context, the cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YCW), especially β-D-glucans and Mannan-oligosaccharide, have been recognized as potent mycotoxin binders. The objective of this research was to develop a novel culture medium to increase the biomass yield of S. cerevisiae and optimize cell disruption by stepwise physical lysis and hydrolytic preconditioning. This process resulted in a yield of approximately 56% reducing saccharides and 28.54% protein. Subsequently, the β-glucan was extracted after cell wall sequestration. The isolated YCW and extracted β-glucan were characterized both individually and synergistically to evaluate their antibacterial properties and analyze their Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity revealed that a concentration greater than 250 μg/mL of YCW-β-glucan blend significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, this blend showed good adsorption of various mycotoxins, including Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone, the latter of which exhibited a remarkable adsorption rate of 80.85%. This study highlights the promising potential of a combination of YCW and β-glucan as a robust strategy to address the pervasive problem of mycotoxin contamination in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahpour Kheirabadi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Rojin Anbarteh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Godana EA, Guo S, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang K, Ackah M, Zhang H. A transcriptome profile of Wickerhamomyces anomalus incubated with chitosan revealed dynamic changes in gene expression and metabolic pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128850. [PMID: 38114004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Wickerhamomyces anomalus can control postharvest diseases of fruits and incubation of the yeast with chitosan can improve its efficiency. In this study, transcriptome study was conducted to determine molecular mechanisms involved in the yeast-chitosan interaction. The bioinformatics analysis of the RNA-seq data confirmed that incubating W. anomalus with 1 % chitosan for 24 h significantly altered the expression of differential genes involved in yeast metabolic and cellular activities. Genes involved in ethyl acetate production, reactive oxygen species regulation, cell wall reinforcement, stress resistance, and signalling were all significantly up-regulated. Pathways which have significant role in the yeast growth and reproduction, energy production, cellular homeostasis, signal transduction, catalytic, and antioxidant activities were significantly enriched. In general, incubation of the yeast with chitosan genes metabolic pathways which are important for the yeast survival, adaptation, and reproduction. Molecular studies are important in providing fundamental theoretical foundation for the practical application of antagonistic yeasts for future uses. As a result, this research will be an input for use of the antagonistic yeast as microbial or biochemical pesticides instead of synthetic chemicals which have both health and environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuaiying Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Roy S, Ray D, Laha I, Choudhury L. Human Mycobiota and Its Role in Cancer Progression, Diagnostics and Therapeutics: A Link Lesser-Known. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:44-62. [PMID: 38186047 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2301733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Although not as well studied as the bacterial component of the human microbiota, the commensal fungi or mycobiota play important roles in maintaining our health by augmenting our immune system. This mycobiota is also associated with various fatal diseases like opportunistic mycoses, and even cancer, with different cancers having respective type-specific mycobiota. The different fungal species which comprise these different intratumoral mycobiota play important roles in cancer progression. The aim of this review paper is to decipher the association between mycobiota and cancer, and shed light on new avenues in cancer diagnosis, and the development of new anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhrisaj Ray
- 5th Year Integrated M. Sc. (5 year integrated) students, Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Ishani Laha
- 5th Year Integrated M. Sc. (5 year integrated) students, Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Lopamudra Choudhury
- State-Aided College Teacher, Department of Microbiology, Sarsuna College (Affiliated to Calcutta University), Kolkata, India
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Aluwong T, Sumanu VO, Abdulsalam RA, Emmanuel DS, Ezekiel NG, Aliyu MB, Ayo JO, Ukwenu JO, Yaro JD, Ogbuagu NE. Melatonin and probiotic administration ameliorated hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, and enhanced cytoprotective effect on beta-cells of diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1537-1549. [PMID: 37975141 PMCID: PMC10638259 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study aimed at investigating the effects of administering melatonin and a probiotic to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress biomarkers and beta-cells. Design Type 1 diabetes was induced in 5 months-old male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of freshly-prepared STZ (60 mg/kg body weight). Six groups of 10 rats were used and treated once daily for six weeks; (1) Healthy control: normal saline only; (2) Pre-treated with Melatonin (MEL); (3) Diabetic control; (4) Diabetic + Treated with MEL; (5) Diabetic + Treated with Probiotic (Prob); (6) Diabetic + Treated with MEL + Prob. Blood glucose, body weight, activities of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde concentration in serum and tissues, reduced glutathione and immunohistochemical assay. Data obtained were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (Mean ± SEM) and subjected to ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results Melatonin + Probiotic significantly decreased blood glucose concentrations in diabetic treated rats, compared to the diabetic control rats. MEL + Probiotic increased (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of diabetic rats. MEL + Probiotic reduced (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration in the serum, liver and kidneys, respectively. MEL + Probiotic treated diabetic rats displayed islets with much greater content of insulin. Conclusion Melatonin + Probiotic combination was more effective in mitigating hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, and exerted cytoprotective effect on the beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagang Aluwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Victory Osirimade Sumanu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - David Smith Emmanuel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nanyil Gunshin Ezekiel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bello Aliyu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Jigo Dangude Yaro
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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12
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li J, Qin G. New Strategies for Biocontrol of Bacterial Toxins and Virulence: Focusing on Quorum-Sensing Interference and Biofilm Inhibition. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:570. [PMID: 37755996 PMCID: PMC10536320 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogens are becoming a serious threat to health security and the economy. Reducing antimicrobial resistance requires replacing antibiotic consumption with more biocontrol strategies to improve the immunity of animals and humans. Probiotics and medicinal plants have been used as alternative treatments or preventative therapies for a variety of diseases caused by bacterial infections. Therefore, we reviewed some of the anti-virulence and bacterial toxin-inhibiting strategies that are currently being developed; this review covers strategies focused on quenching pathogen quorum sensing (QS) systems, the disruption of biofilm formation and bacterial toxin neutralization. It highlights the probable mechanism of action for probiotics and medicinal plants. Although further research is needed before a definitive statement can be made on the efficacy of any of these interventions, the current literature offers new hope and a new tool in the arsenal in the fight against bacterial virulence factors and bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Guangyong Qin
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
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13
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Egea MB, de Oliveira Filho JG, Lemes AC. Investigating the Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in Metabolic Syndrome Treatment: A Narrative Review of What Is Known So Far. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12015. [PMID: 37569390 PMCID: PMC10418856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by complex metabolic changes involving a cluster of co-occurring conditions, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and high LDL cholesterol levels or low HDL cholesterol levels. The incidence and risk factors of MetS occurrence increase every year. It is estimated that MetS affects approximately 30% of the population of some countries. Therefore, novel strategies are being studied to reduce the negative impact of having an unbalanced diet and a lack of physical activity. One of these strategies is the administration of probiotic microorganisms, such as the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, which has been associated with several beneficial health effects (including modulation of the intestinal microbiota and improvement of the inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory profiles). Thus, the objective of this study was to review the risk factors of MetS occurrence and the beneficial effects of S. boulardii ingestion in the treatment of MetS. Here, we critically evaluate the treatment necessary to promote these benefits. Using the pre-established inclusion criteria, eight studies were reviewed, including five animal and three human studies. The results reported the regulation of the lipid profile, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and gene expression, and a decrease in mass gain as positive results when S. boulardii was administered. Although more experiments are needed to validate these results, especially using human models, there is a trend toward improvement in MetS and a reduction in its risk factors with the administration of S. boulardii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ailton Cesar Lemes
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil;
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14
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Dong X, Wu W, Pan P, Zhang XZ. Engineered Living Materials for Advanced Diseases Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304963. [PMID: 37436776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural living materials serving as biotherapeutics exhibit great potential for treating various diseases owing to their immunoactivity, tissue targeting, and other biological activities. In this review, the recent developments in engineered living materials, including mammalian cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, plants, and their active derivatives that are used for treating various diseases are summarized. Further, the future perspectives and challenges of such engineered living material-based biotherapeutics are discussed to provide considerations for future advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Pei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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15
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Tenea GN, Anrango Cajas B, Carlosama Sanchez B. Inhibitory-like Substances Produced by Yeasts Isolated from Andean Blueberries: Prospective Food Antimicrobials. Foods 2023; 12:2435. [PMID: 37444173 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural agents from microorganisms have emerged as suitable options to replace chemical preservatives in foods. In this study, the antibacterial activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from five native yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lev6 and Lev30, C. pseudointermedia Lev8, Candida intermedia Lev9, C. parapsilosis Lev15) and the reference S. boulardi SSB, was evaluated against some indicator food pathogens. The generation of antimicrobials was reliant on strain-, and sugar-supplemented media, which supported yeast growth established at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 48 h. Treatment with proteinase K and catalase was unable to completely abolish the inhibitory effect, indicating that the active components are likely complex combinations of acids, proteins, hydrogen peroxide, and other metabolites. Although there was no impact on Listeria monocytogenes, exposure to CFS and extracellular fractions obtained through precipitation with methanol (PPm) at 120 °C for 60 min significantly (p < 0.05) increased the inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Kosakonia cowanii, and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating that the inhibitory activity was stimulated by heat. Likewise, a synergistic inhibitory action against Listeria was obtained following the pretreatment of PPm with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). These activities were yeast strain-dependent, with Lev6, Lev8, and Lev30 showing the highest activity. In addition, a heat-stable low-molecular-mass molecule under 5 kDa was detected in Lev30. Further research is required to evaluate the mode of action and characterize the composition of the released molecules in the CFS in order to develop a novel biocontrol agent based on yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Tenea
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group (GIDIBAN), Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
| | - Blanca Anrango Cajas
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group (GIDIBAN), Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
| | - Bladimir Carlosama Sanchez
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group (GIDIBAN), Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
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16
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Jeong WS, Kong HR, Kim SY, Yeo SH. Exploring the Health Benefits of Yeast Isolated from Traditional Fermented Foods in Korea: Anti-Inflammatory and Functional Properties of Saccharomyces and Non- Saccharomyces Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1503. [PMID: 37375005 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been used for its benefits in various fermentation processes; the benefits of non-Saccharomyces yeast as a material for food, feed, and pharmaceuticals have been studied recently. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity and extracellular functional characteristics of wild-type yeasts isolated from traditional fermented foods (doenjang (common name: soybean paste) and nuruk) in Korea. The viability of the yeast and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAWBlue™ cells was improved, similar to unstimulated RAWBlue™ cells, and the isolates demonstrated NF-κB inhibitory activity. Yeast suppressed the nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAWBlue™ cells, which was attributed to the inhibition of iNOS or COX-2 mRNA expression depending on the strain. Although there were differences depending on the strain, the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines was reduced in the yeast and LPS-stimulated RAWBlue™ cells, some of which were demonstrated at the mRNA level. In addition, the isolates exhibited high antioxidant and antihypertensive activities (similar to the positive control), which varied depending on the strain. This suggests that yeast can be used for fermentation with enhanced antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Furthermore, the isolates inhibited the growth of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that yeast can inhibit food spoilage and the growth of pathogenic bacteria during fermentation. Consequently, utilizing raw materials to cultivate yeast strains could be a promising avenue for developing functional foods to prevent and treat inflammatory reactions; such foods may exhibit antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Soo Jeong
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Kong
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Yeo
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kil BJ, Pyung YJ, Park H, Kang JW, Yun CH, Huh CS. Probiotic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GILA with alleviating intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6687. [PMID: 37095161 PMCID: PMC10125971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several probiotic products have been developed; however, most probiotic applications focused on prokaryotic bacteria whereas eukaryotic probiotics have received little attention. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains are eukaryotes notable for their fermentation and functional food applications. The present study investigated the novel yeast strains isolated from Korean fermented beverages and examined their potential probiotic characteristics. We investigated seven strains among 100 isolates with probiotic characteristics further. The strains have capabilities such as auto-aggregation tendency, co-aggregation with a pathogen, hydrophobicity with n-hexadecane,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect, survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and the adhesion ability of the strains to the Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, all the strains contained high cell wall glucan content, a polysaccharide with immunological effects. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing identified the Saccharomyces strains selected in the present study as probiotics. To examine the effects of alleviating inflammation in cells, nitric oxide generation in raw 264.7 cells with S. cerevisiae showed that S. cerevisiae GILA could be a potential probiotic strain able to alleviate inflammation. Three probiotics of S. cerevisiae GILA strains were chosen by in vivo screening with a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis murine model. In particular, GILA 118 down-regulates neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and myeloperoxidase in mice treated with DSS. The expression levels of genes encoding tight junction proteins in the colon were upregulated, cytokine interleukin-10 was significantly increased, and tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Ju Kil
- Biomodulation Major, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Pyung
- Biomodulation Major, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Biomodulation Major, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Antibacterial potential and synergistic interaction between natural polyphenolic extracts and synthetic antibiotic on clinical isolates. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103576. [PMID: 36874198 PMCID: PMC9975697 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of antimicrobial resistance complicates treatment of infections by antibiotics. This has driven research on novel and combination antibacterial therapies. The present study evaluated synergistic antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and cefixime in resistant clinical isolates. Preliminary susceptibility profiling of antibiotics and antibacterial activity of extracts was done by disc diffusion and microbroth dilution assays. Checker-board, time-kill kinetics and protein content studies were performed to validate synergistic antibacterial activity. Results showed noteworthy quantities of gallic acid (0.24-19.7 µg/mg), quercetin (1.57-18.44 µg/mg) and cinnamic acid (0.02-5.93 µg/mg) in extracts of plants assessed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Gram-positive (4/6) and Gram-negative (13/16) clinical isolates were intermediately susceptible or resistant to cefixime, which was used for synergistic studies. EA and M extracts of plants exhibited total synergy, partial synergy and indifferent characteristics whereas aqueous extracts did not show synergistic patterns. Time-kill kinetic studies showed that synergism was both time and concentration-dependent (2-8-fold decrease in concentration). Bacterial isolates treated with combinations at fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed significantly reduced bacterial growth, as well as protein content (5-62 %) as compared to extracts/cefixime alone treated isolates. This study acknowledges the selected crude extracts as adjuvants to antibiotics to treat resistant bacterial infections.
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19
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Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7004-7027. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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20
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Combined Effect of Ultrasound Treatment and a Mix of Krebs Cycle Acids on the Metabolic Processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the effect of organic acids and ultrasound on the physiological and biochemical properties of yeast, which was used to obtain biologically active peptides. The research featured brewer’s yeast S. cerevisiae W-34/70 cultivated in 11% beer wort. A mix of Krebs cycle acids served as an activator. It included succinic, malic, fumaric, citric, and oxaloacetic acids (1:1:1:1:1). The concentration of the Krebs cycle acids was 1 × 10−10 M/L at 1% to the suspension volume. The ultrasound treatment had an intensity of 10 W/m2 and lasted 3–10 min. The combined effect increased the fermentation activity of the yeast by 98%. The activity of individual biocatalysts of constructive and energy metabolism rose by 108–330%, while that of proteolysis enzymes increased by 15% in comparison with the samples exposed to individual factors. The stimulation increased the rate of amine nitrogen consumption by the yeast. The amount of accumulated amino acids was larger by 80% than in the control, and that of protein larger by 7%. The maximal content of the synthesized protein was reached 1–2 h earlier. The combination of chemical and physical factors intensified the biosynthesis of protein and its intermediates during yeast processing, thus facilitating the subsequent extraction of biologically valuable components.
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21
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Banwo K, Tosin Ojetunde J, Falade T. Probiotic and Cyanide Degrading Potentials of Pediococcus Pentosaceus and Pichia Exigua Isolated from Cassava Products Effluent. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2163252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kolawole Banwo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Titilayo Falade
- Plant Pathology/Aflasafe Unit, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
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22
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Punyauppa-path S, Kiatprasert P, Sawaengkaew J, Mahakhan P, Phumkhachorn P, Rattanachaikunsopon P, Khunnamwong P, Srisuk N. Diversity of fermentative yeasts with probiotic potential isolated from Thai fermented food products. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:575-594. [PMID: 36694589 PMCID: PMC9834080 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the diversity of yeasts recovered from fermented foods gathered from some areas of Northeastern Thailand. The fermented food items included Pla-som, Nham-pla, Kem-buknud, Isan-sausage, Pla-ra, Mhum-neu, Mhum-Khai-pla, Nham-neu, Nham-mu, Kung-joom, Som-pla-noi, and Poo-dong. Their probiotic characteristics were also investigated. A total of 103 yeast isolates of nine genera were identified using 28S rDNA sequencing. The yeast genera were Candida (20.3%), Diutina (2.9%), Filobasidium (1.0%), Kazachstania (33.0%), Pichia (3.9%), Saccharomyces (1.0%), Starmerella (28.2%), Torulaspora (2.9%), and Yarrowia (6.8%). Based on probiotic characteristic analysis of ten selected yeast strains, Kazachstania bulderi KKKS4-1 showed the strongest probiotic characteristics in terms of hemolytic activity, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, tolerance to low pH and bile salt and hydrophobicity. Isolated yeasts with probiotic characteristics may be useful in fermented food and animal feed production to improve their nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrita Punyauppa-path
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin 32000, Thailand,* Correspondence: ; Tel: +6644513258
| | - Pongpat Kiatprasert
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin 32000, Thailand
| | - Jutaporn Sawaengkaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Polson Mahakhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Parichat Phumkhachorn
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Pannida Khunnamwong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand,Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nantana Srisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand,Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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23
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Diguță CF, Mihai C, Toma RC, Cîmpeanu C, Matei F. In Vitro Assessment of Yeasts Strains with Probiotic Attributes for Aquaculture Use. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010124. [PMID: 36613340 PMCID: PMC9818403 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate in vitro the probiotic potential of three yeasts strains (BB06, OBT05, and MT07) isolated from agro-food natural sources. Screening was performed, including several functional, technological, and safety aspects of the yeast strains, in comparison to a reference Saccharomyces boulardii, to identify the ones with suitable probiotic attributes in aquaculture. The yeast strains were identified by 5.8S rDNA-ITS region sequencing as Metschnikowia pulcherrima OBT05, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BB06, and Torulaspora delbrueckii MT07. All yeast strains were tolerant to different temperatures, sodium chloride concentrations, and wide pH ranges. S. cerevisiae BB06 showed a strong and broad antagonistic activity. Moreover, the S. cerevisiae strain exhibited a high auto-aggregation ability (92.08 ± 1.49%) and good surface hydrophobicity to hexane as a solvent (53.43%). All of the yeast strains have excellent antioxidant properties (>55%). The high survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can promote yeast isolates as probiotics. All yeast strains presented a resistance pattern to the antibacterial antibiotics. Non-hemolytic activity was detected. Furthermore, freeze-drying with cryoprotective agents maintained a high survival rate of yeast strains, in the range of 74.95−97.85%. According to the results obtained, the S. cerevisiae BB06 strain was found to have valuable probiotic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Filofteia Diguță
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, Mărăști Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanța Mihai
- Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, Mărăști Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Radu Cristian Toma
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, Mărăști Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cîmpeanu
- Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, Mărăști Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Matei
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, Mărăști Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Isolation of Yeasts from Some Homemade Fermented Cow-Milk Products of Sikkim and Their Probiotic Characteristics. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dahi and chhurpi are the homemade, mildly acidic and mouthfeel fermented dairy products of Sikkim in India. Since yeasts co-exist among traditional fermented dairy foods, we believe that some species of yeasts may have some probiotic properties. Hence, the present study is aimed at screening some probiotic yeasts from dahi and chhurpi. A total of 3438 yeasts were isolated from 40 samples of dahi (1779 isolates) and 40 chhurpi (1659 isolates) and were preliminarily screened for probiotic properties on the basis of survival in low pH, resistance to bile salts and the percentage of hydrophobicity, out of which only 20 yeasts were selected for in vitro and genetic screening of probiotic properties. Saccharomyces cerevisiae DJT-2 and Debaryomyces prosopidis CPA-55 showed the highest hydrophobicity of 97.54% and 98.33%, respectively. S. cerevisiae DRC-42 and S. cerevisiae CGI-29 showed 93.88% and 91.69% auto-aggregation, respectively. All yeasts showed co-aggregation properties against pathogenic bacteria. Kluyveromyces marxianus DPA-41 and Pichia kudriavzevii CNT-3 showed excellent deconjugation activities. Probiotic genes for acid tolerance, bile tolerance, adhesion and antimicrobial activity were detected in S. cerevisiae DAO-17, K. marxianus DPA-41, S. cerevisiae CKL-10 and P. kudriavzevii CNT-3. Based on the results of in vitro and genetic screening of probiotic yeasts strains, S. cerevisiae DAO-17 (dahi), S. cerevisiae CKL-10 (chhurpi), P. kudriavzevii CNT-3 (chhurpi) and K. marxianus DPA-41(dahi) were selected as the potential probiotic yeasts.
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Brewing and probiotic potential activity of wild yeasts Hanseniaspora uvarum PIT001, Pichia kluyveri LAR001 and Candida intermedia ORQ001. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Sadeghi A, Ebrahimi M, Shahryari S, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Food applications of probiotic yeasts; focusing on their techno-functional, postbiotic and protective capabilities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zubri NSM, Ramasamy K, Rahman NZA. Characterization and potential oral probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum FT 12 and Lactobacillus brevis FT 6 isolated from Malaysian fermented food. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105515. [PMID: 36084351 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterise the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from local Malaysian fermented foods with oral probiotics properties. DESIGN The LAB strains isolated from Malaysian fermented foods, Lactobacillus brevis FT 6 and Lactobacillus plantarum FT 12, were assessed for their antimicrobial properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 via disc diffusion assay. Anti-biofilm properties were determined by treating the overnight P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 biofilm with different concentrations of LAB cell-free supernatant (LAB CFS). Quantification of biofilm was carried out by measuring the optical density of stained biofilm. The ability of L. brevis FT 6 and L. plantarum FT 12 to tolerate salivary amylase was also investigated. Acid production with different sugars was carried out by pH measurement and screening for potential antimicrobial organic acid by disc diffusion assay of neutralised probiotics CFS samples. In this study, L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469, a commercial strain was used to compare the efficacy of the isolated strain with the commercial strain. RESULTS Lactobacillus brevis FT 6 and L. plantarum FT 12 possess antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis with inhibition diameters of more than 10 mm, and the results were comparable with L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The MIC and MBC assay results for all tested strains were recorded to be 25 µl/µl concentration. All LAB CFS reduced biofilm formation proportionally to the CFS concentration and tolerated salivary amylase with more than 50% viability. Overnight cultures of all lactic acid bacteria strains showed a pH reduction and neutralised CFS of all lactic acid bacteria strains did not show any inhibition towards P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the isolated probiotics have the potential as probiotics to be used as a supportive oral health treatment, especially against a periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis.
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Rahmani B, Alimadadi N, Attaran B, Nasr S. Yeasts from Iranian traditional milk kefir samples: isolation, molecular identification and their potential probiotic properties. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1264-1274. [PMID: 35879830 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Milk kefir is a fermented dairy product with numerous attributed health benefits due to the presence of a complex eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbiota. In this study, a total number of 26 yeast isolates were obtained from eight kefir samples from three different cities of Iran. The isolates belonged to Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia fermentans and P. kudriavzevii. The potential probiotic characteristics of the isolates were evaluated based on their ability to tolerate the stimulated condition of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, hemolytic activity, adherence to different solvents, auto-aggregation, adhesion to the epithelial intestine-derived cells and antimicrobial activity of the selected isolates were evaluated. Overall, four yeast strains (three strains of S. cerevisiae and one strain of P. fermentans) showed resistance and survival ability against the gastrointestinal physiological conditions including acidic pH, presence of bile salt and digestive enzymes. They were able to grow at 37 °C and had the capacity to adhere to epithelial intestine-derived cells. These results suggest that the selected strains can be proper candidates as probiotic yeast strains for the development of novel functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rahmani
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Alimadadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Attaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nasr
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Shruthi B, Deepa N, Somashekaraiah R, Adithi G, Divyashree S, Sreenivasa MY. Exploring biotechnological and functional characteristics of probiotic yeasts: A review. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 34:e00716. [PMID: 35257004 PMCID: PMC8897636 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the probiotic attributes of yeasts other than Saccharomyces boulardii and the various applications of probiotic yeast in biotechnology have been explored. This review comprises of the probiotic attributes, antagonistic activity against pathogens, plant growth promoting attributes, industrial application and their biotherapeutic potentials. Advanced and additional studies on non-Saccharomyces yeasts are necessary prior to administer these yeasts as potential probiotics for health and wellbeing.
Probiotics are vital and beneficial organisms which offers the health benefits to the host organisms. The fungal probiotic field is one of the developing fields nowadays. Yeast has an enormous and diverse group of microorganisms that is attracting and expanding the attention from researchers and industries. Saccharomyces boulardii, the only patented strain belonging to yeast genera for the human use, has been broadly evaluated for its probiotic effect. Yeasts belonging to the genera Debaryomyces, Pichia, Yarrowia, Meyerozyma, Kluyveromyces etc.., have attained more interest because of their beneficial and probable probiotic features. These yeast probiotics produce VOCs (Volatile organic compounds), mycocins and antimicrobials which shows the antagonistic effect against pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Additionally, those yeasts have been recorded as good plant growth promoting microorganisms. Yeast has an important role in environmental applications such as bioremediation and removal of metals like chromium, mercury, lead etc., from waste water. Probiotic yeasts with their promising antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer properties, cholesterol assimilation and immunomodulatory effects can also be utilized as biotherapeutics. In this review article we have made an attempt to address important yeast probiotic attributes.
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Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Preparations from Microbial Waste of the Beer Industry. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of different natural preparations obtained from the yeast biomass of beer industry waste. It was found that the preparations had a valuable biochemical composition, high antioxidant activities, a broad spectrum of immunoactive and essential amino acids, and that their protein and carbohydrate contents varied depending on the extraction stage and solvent. In conclusion, the varied biochemical composition, significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities, the innocuousness of Saccharomyces yeasts for living organisms, suggest that the obtained preparations can be an excellent source of biologically active substances and that their high biological activity presents a considerable potential for animal husbandry, food industry and cosmetics.
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Targeting Nrf2 with Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050729. [PMID: 35625655 PMCID: PMC9139160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a destructive disease of the tooth-surrounding tissues. Infection is the etiological cause of the disease, but its extent and severity depend on the immune–inflammatory response of the host. Immune cells use reactive oxygen species to suppress infections, and there is homeostasis between oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms during periodontal health. During periodontitis, however, increased oxidative stress triggers tissue damage, either directly by activating apoptosis and DNA damage or indirectly by activating proteolytic cascades. Periodontal treatment aims to maintain an infection and inflammation-free zone and, in some cases, regenerate lost tissues. Although mechanical disruption of the oral biofilm is an indispensable part of periodontal treatment, adjunctive measures, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications, are also frequently used, especially in patients with suppressed immune responses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics activate antioxidant mechanisms and can suppress extensive oxidative stress via their ability to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of this narrative review is to describe the essential role of Nrf2 in the maintenance of periodontal health and to propose possible mechanisms to restore the impaired Nrf2 response in periodontitis, with the aid of probiotic and postbiotics.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae I4 Showed Alleviating Effects on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis of Balb/c Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101436. [PMID: 35627006 PMCID: PMC9140780 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorating effects of three yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae I4, Clavispora lusitaniae 30 and Pichia kudriavzevii 11, isolated from traditional fermented dairy food in Xinjiang, China, on the ulcerative colitis symptoms of Balb/c mice treated by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Among which, S. cerevisiae I4 had good tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal juice and strong adhesion to HT–29 cells monolayers. Furthermore, the three yeast strains were oral administered to Balb/c mice with DSS induced colitis. The weight loss, colon shortening and histological injury of colitis mice were ameliorated. Then, oral administration of S. cerevisiae I4 improved the immune state by reducing the contents of TNF–α, IL–6 and IL–1β and increasing immunoglobulin. The relative expression of intestinal barrier proteins Claudin–1, Occludin and Zonula Occludins–1 (ZO–1) of the mice enhanced, and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content such as Propionic acid, Butyric acid, Isobutyric acid and Isovaleric acid in the feces of the mice increased to varying degrees, after S. cerevisiae I4 treatment compared with the model group of drinking 3% DSS water without yeast treatment. Moreover, S. cerevisiae I4 treatment lifted the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Rikenellaceae in the intestinal tract of the mice, the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Turicibacter was decreased. These results suggested that S. cerevisiae I4 could alleviate DSS induced colitis in mice by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating intestinal flora balance.
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Ramírez M, Debut A. Control of vibriosis in shrimp through the management of the microbiota and the immune system. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture is constantly threatened by recurrent outbreaks of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most aggressive vibriosis reported to date in the shrimp industry. AHPND provokes massive mortalities, causing economic losses with strong social impacts. Control of vibriosis requires the application of multifactorial strategies. This includes vibrio exclusion, shrimp microbiota, particularly in the digestive tract, and shrimp health management through immune stimulation. This paper reviews these two strategies for the prophylactic control of vibriosis. First, we describe the devastating effects of AHPND and the cellular and humoral effectors of the shrimp immune system to cope with this pathology. Secondly, the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their positive impacts are highlighted, including their immunostimulant effects and their role in the balance of the shrimp microbiota. Finally, we reviewed immunostimulants and prebiotics polysaccharides that together with probiotics act benefiting growth, feed efficiency and the microbiota of the digestive tract of farmed shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Ramírez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Avenida General Rumiñahui S/N y Ambato, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador
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Geng CY, Feng X, Luan JM, Ji S, Jin YH, Zhang M. Improved tenderness of beef from bulls supplemented with active dry yeast is related to matrix metalloproteinases and reduced oxidative stress. Animal 2022; 16:100517. [PMID: 35436649 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementing diets with active dry yeast (ADY, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) improves the carcass quality grade of beef cattle and the tenderness of beef. The relevant mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, but may be related to the effect of ADY on oxidative stress and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). To provide further insight into these mechanisms, this study evaluated the influence of ADY supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, concentrations of MMPs in serum (MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13), oxidative stress indices and antioxidant capacity indices in beef cattle. Forty-six crossbred Simmental × Yanbian bulls (∼18 months of age, BW 436 ± 35 kg) participated in a 145-day finishing trial. ADY supplementation significantly improved marbling deposition, intramuscular fat content, and beef tenderness (P < 0.05); altered individual fatty acid proportions in the beef and increased saturated fatty acids while decreasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05); significantly decreased the abundance of reactive oxygen species in serum and meat; significantly increased the level of superoxide dismutase in meat (P < 0.05); tended to increase the level of catalase (P = 0.075) in serum and glutathione reductase (P = 0.066) in meat; and increased the secretion of MMPs. The improvement of beef tenderness following ADY supplementation of finishing bulls is related to the effects of ADY on the secretion of MMPs and the lowering of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Geng
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China.
| | - X Feng
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - J M Luan
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - S Ji
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Y H Jin
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - M Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
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Boro N, Narzary D. Amylolytic Fungi in the Ethnic Beer Starter “emao” and Their Beer-Producing Attributes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.869430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring autochthonous microbes associated with ethnic beer starters are diverse and important as they play different functional roles in beer fermentations. The study on culturable microbes from the ethnic rice beer starter “emao” of the Bodo community of Assam is limited. Here we isolated and identified the culturable fungal diversity associated with emao and screened them for beer-producing capability from glucose and starch substrates. Based on morphology and molecular characterization, the species identified were Candida glabrata (Cgla_RF2), Cyberlindnera fabianii (Cfab_RF37), Hyphopichia burtonii (Hbur_RF19), Mucor circinelloides (Mcir_RF48), Mucor indicus (Mind_RF25), Penicillium citrinum (Pcit_RF32), Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae (Rrui_RF4 & Rrui_RF43), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Scer_RF6), Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Sfib_RF11), and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Wano_RF3) among which the relative abundance (RA) of W. anomalus was the highest (24%) followed by C. glabrata and H. burtonii (16% in each). Five (Hbur_RF19, Sfib_RF11, Mind_RF25, Mcir_RF48, and Pcit_RF32) of eleven isolates showed amylase positive in the starch medium. Scer_RF6 showed the highest ethanol tolerance (14% v/v) followed by Hbur_RF19 (12% v/v), Cgla_RF2 (11% v/v) and Wano_RF3 (11% v/v). The amylase-positive strains produced beer-containing ethanol in the range of 3.17–7.3 (% v/v) from rice substrate. Although the rice beer produced by amylase-positive strains showed negligible pH difference, other parameters like ethanol, ascorbic acid, total phenol, and antioxidant properties were varied from beer to beer. Antibacterial activities shown by Mcir_RF48 and Pcit_RF32 against the test bacteria were higher with a 23–35 mm zone of inhibition than the other isolates. The present findings reveal the presence of fungi with antibacterial, amylolytic, ethanol fermenting, and antioxidant producing capacity in emao which could the source for future bioprospection.
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Koupaei M, Saderi H, Amin Marashi SM, Fathizadeh H, Owlia P. Evaluation of the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the expression of enterotoxin genes in Escherichia coli O157: H7 (EHEC) and Escherichia coli H10407 (ETEC). Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Podgórska-Kryszczuk I, Solarska E, Kordowska-Wiater M. Reduction of the Fusarium Mycotoxins: Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Zearalenone by Selected Non-Conventional Yeast Strains in Wheat Grains and Bread. Molecules 2022; 27:1578. [PMID: 35268678 PMCID: PMC8911760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi, are important contaminants in food and agricultural industries around the world. These toxins have a multidirectional toxic effect on living organisms, causing damage to the kidneys and liver, and disrupting the functions of the digestive tract and the immune system. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the biological control of pathogens and the mycotoxins they produce. In this study, selected yeasts were used to reduce the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEA) produced by Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. poae on wheat grain and bread. In a laboratory experiment, an effective reduction in the content of DON, NIV, and ZEA was observed in bread prepared by baking with the addition of an inoculum of the test yeast, ranging from 16.4% to 33.4%, 18.5% to 36.2% and 14.3% to 35.4%, respectively. These results indicate that the selected yeast isolates can be used in practice as efficient mycotoxin decontamination agents in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Podgórska-Kryszczuk
- Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Solarska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Kordowska-Wiater
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, Penno MAS, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Ngui KM, Smith AD, Huang D, Zozaya-Valdes E, Thomson RL, Brown JD, Vuillermin PJ, Barry SC, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Morahan G, Sinnott RO, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison LC. Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109189. [PMID: 35051423 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies of the gut microbiome have focused on its bacterial composition. We aimed to characterize the gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) across pregnancy in women with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS Faecal samples (n = 162) were collected from 70 pregnant women (45 with and 25 without type 1 diabetes) across all trimesters. Fungi were analysed by internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing. Markers of intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin) and intestinal epithelial integrity (serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein; I-FABP), and serum antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) were measured. RESULTS Women with type 1 diabetes had decreased fungal alpha diversity by the third trimester, associated with an increased abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was inversely related to the abundance of the anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Women with type 1 diabetes had higher concentrations of calprotectin, I-FABP and ASCA. CONCLUSIONS Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a shift in the gut mycobiome across pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. The relevance of these findings to the higher rate of pregnancy complications in type 1 diabetes warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Roth-Schulze
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena Oakey
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Megan A S Penno
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina M Ngui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alannah D Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dexing Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrique Zozaya-Valdes
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James D Brown
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Faculty of School of Medicine, Deakin University and Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne and Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Services, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Identification of Antibacterial Peptide Candidates Encrypted in Stress-Related and Metabolic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020163. [PMID: 35215278 PMCID: PMC8877035 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-rich nature of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has led this yeast to the spotlight concerning the search for antimicrobial peptides. Herein, a <10 kDa peptide-rich extract displaying antibacterial activity was obtained through the autolysis of yeast biomass under mild thermal treatment with self-proteolysis by endogenous peptidases. Estimated IC50 for the peptide pools obtained by FPLC gel filtration indicated improved antibacterial activities against foodborne bacteria and bacteria of clinical interest. Similarly, the estimated cytotoxicity concentrations against healthy human fibroblasts, alongside selective indices ≥10, indicates the fractions are safe, at least in a mixture format, for human tissues. Nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the peptides in FPLC fractions could be derived from both induced-proteolysis and proteasome activity in abundant proteins, up-regulated under stress conditions during S. cerevisiae biomass manufacturing, including those coded by TDH1/2/3, HSP12, SSA1/2, ADH1/2, CDC19, PGK1, PPI1, PDC1, and GMP1, as well as by other non-abundant proteins. Fifty-eight AMP candidate sequences were predicted following an in silico analysis using four independent algorithms, indicating their possible contribution to the bacterial inactivation observed in the peptides pool, which deserve special attention for further validation of individual functionality. S. cerevisiae-biomass peptides, an unconventional but abundant source of pharmaceuticals, may be promissory adjuvants to treat infectious diseases that are poorly sensitive to conventional antibiotics.
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40
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Huët MAL, Lee CZ, Rahman S. A review on association of fungi with the development and progression of carcinogenesis in the human body. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 3:100090. [PMID: 34917994 PMCID: PMC8666644 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and impact of commensal and pathogenic fungi in different parts of the human body are being increasingly appreciated, unveiling the importance of such microorganisms in human health. A key function is the involvement of the mycobiota in cross-kingdom interactions within the microbiome. Any disturbance in the functionality of the microbiota could alter metabolic reactions, have a negative impact on homeostasis or induce diseases. The association of fungi with cancer development is the focus of this review. Several studies have reported direct or indirect involvement of fungal pathogens and mycobiome dysbiosis in induction of carcinogenesis. Most studies focused on cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. However, researchers are now investigating other organs, such as the skin, where the significant results obtained confirm the involvement of fungal pathogens and administration of antifungal drugs in development of cancer. This review gives an overview of the different organs affected and describes the mechanisms used by these eukaryotes or antifungals to induce oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Andrea Laetitia Huët
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chuen Zhang Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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41
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Rani A, Saini KC, Bast F, Varjani S, Mehariya S, Bhatia SK, Sharma N, Funk C. A Review on Microbial Products and Their Perspective Application as Antimicrobial Agents. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121860. [PMID: 34944505 PMCID: PMC8699383 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms including actinomycetes, archaea, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae are an auspicious source of vital bioactive compounds. In this review, the existing research regarding antimicrobial molecules from microorganisms is summarized. The potential antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, particularly Streptomyces spp.; archaea; fungi including endophytic, filamentous, and marine-derived fungi, mushroom; and microalgae are briefly described. Furthermore, this review briefly summarizes bacteriocins, halocins, sulfolobicin, etc., that target multiple-drug resistant pathogens and considers next-generation antibiotics. This review highlights the possibility of using microorganisms as an antimicrobial resource for biotechnological, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. However, more investigations are required to isolate, separate, purify, and characterize these bioactive compounds and transfer these primary drugs into clinically approved antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.)
| | - Khem Chand Saini
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.)
| | - Felix Bast
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, India;
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Neeta Sharma
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia, SS Jonica 106, km 419 + 500, 75026 Rotondella, Italy;
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
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42
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Therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces boulardii in liver diseases: from passive bystander to protective performer? Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106022. [PMID: 34883213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is a probiotic yeast that has been elucidated to be efficacious in fighting various gastrointestinal diseases in preclinical as well as clinical studies. Its general mechanisms of probiotic action in the treatment of gastrointestinal conditions cover multifaceted aspects, including immune regulation, production of antimicrobial substances, pathogen competitive elimination, gut barrier integrity maintenance, intestinal trophic effect and antioxidant potency. In this review, basic knowledge with regard to the gut-liver axis, available probiotics remedies and mechanistic insights of S. boulardii as probiotics will be elucidated. In addition, we summarize the therapeutic potential of S. boulardii in several liver diseases evident from both bench and bedside information, such as acute liver injury/failure, fibrosis, hepatic damages due to metabolic disturbance or infection and obstructive jaundice. Future prospects in relation to medicinal effects of S. boulardii are also exploited and discussed on the basis of novel and attractive therapeutic concept in the latest scientific literature.
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43
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Kamilari E, Mina M, Karallis C, Tsaltas D. Metataxonomic Analysis of Grape Microbiota During Wine Fermentation Reveals the Distinction of Cyprus Regional terroirs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726483. [PMID: 34630353 PMCID: PMC8494061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine production in Cyprus has strong cultural ties with the island's tradition, influencing local and foreign consumers' preferences and contributing significantly to Cyprus' economy. A key contributor to wine quality and sensorial characteristics development is the microbiota that colonizes grapes and performs alcoholic fermentation. Still, the microbial patterns of wines produced in different geographic regions (terroir) in Cyprus remain unknown. The present study investigated the microbial diversity of five terroirs in Cyprus, two from the PGI Lemesos region [Kyperounta (PDO Pitsilia) and Koilani (PDO Krasochoria)], and three from the PGI Pafos region [Kathikas (PDO Laona Akamas), Panayia, and Statos (PDO Panayia)], of two grape varieties, Xynisteri and Maratheftiko, using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Through a longitudinal analysis, we examined the evolution of the bacterial and fungal diversity during spontaneous alcoholic fermentation. Both varieties were characterized by a progressive reduction in their fungal alpha diversity (Shannon index) throughout the process of fermentation. Additionally, the study revealed a distinct separation among different terroirs in total fungal community composition (beta-diversity) for the variety Xynisteri. Also, Kyperounta terroir had a distinct total fungal beta-diversity from the other terroirs for Maratheftiko. Similarly, a significant distinction was demonstrated in total bacterial diversity between the PGI Lemesos region and the PGI Pafos terroirs for grape juice of the variety Xynisteri. Pre-fermentation, the fungal diversity for Xynisteri and Maratheftiko was dominated by the genera Hanseniaspora, Aureobasidium, Erysiphe, Aspergillus, Stemphylium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Mycosphaerella. During and post-fermentation, the species Hanseniaspora nectarophila, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and Aureobasidium pullulans, became the predominant in most must samples. Regarding the bacterial diversity, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were the predominant genera for both grape varieties in all stages of fermentation. During fermentation, an increase was observed in the relative abundance of some bacteria, such as Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and Oenococcus oeni. Finally, the study revealed microbial biomarkers with statistically significant higher relative representation, associated with each geographic region and each grape variety, during the different stages of fermentation. The present study's findings provide an additional linkage between the grape microbial community and the wine terroir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kamilari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Minas Mina
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
- Kyperounda Winery, P. Photiades Group, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Dimitrios Tsaltas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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44
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DehghanZadeh Z, Koupaei M, Ghorbani Z, Saderi H, Marashi SMA, Owlia P. Inhibitory effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supernatant and lysate on expression of lasB and apl genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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45
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Pereira PR, Freitas CS, Paschoalin VMF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass as a source of next-generation food preservatives: Evaluating potential proteins as a source of antimicrobial peptides. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4450-4479. [PMID: 34378312 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main biotechnological tool for the production of Baker's or Brewer's biomasses, largely applied in beverage and fermented-food production. Through its gene expression reprogramming and production of compounds that inactivate the growth of other microorganisms, S. cerevisiae is able to grow in adverse environments and in complex microbial consortia, as in fruit pulps and root flour fermentations. The distinct set of up-regulated genes throughout yeast biomass propagation includes those involved in sugar fermentation, ethanol metabolization, and in protective responses against abiotic stresses. These high abundant proteins are precursors of several peptides with promising health-beneficial activities such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetes, and mitogenic properties. An in silico investigation of these S. cerevisiae derived peptides produced during yeast biomass propagation or induced by physicochemical treatments were performed using four algorithms to predict antimicrobial candidates encrypted in abundantly expressed stress-related proteins encoded by different genes like AHP1, TSA1, HSP26, SOD1, HSP10, and UTR2, or metabolic enzymes involved in carbon source utilization, like ENO1/2, TDH1/2/3, ADH1/2, FBA1, and PDC1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enolase II are noteworthy precursor proteins, since they exhibited the highest scores concerning the release of antimicrobial peptide candidates. Considering the set of genes upregulated during biomass propagation, we conclude that S. cerevisiae biomass, a food-grade product consumed and marketed worldwide, should be considered a safe and nonseasonal source for designing next-generation bioactive agents, especially protein encrypting antimicrobial peptides that display broad spectra activity and could reduce the emergence of microbial resistance while also avoiding cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Cyntia S Freitas
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Vania M F Paschoalin
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
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46
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Pimentel TC, Gomes de Oliveira LI, de Lourdes Chaves Macedo E, Costa GN, Dias DR, Schwan RF, Magnani M. Understanding the potential of fruits, flowers, and ethnic beverages as valuable sources of techno-functional and probiotics strains: Current scenario and main challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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47
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Ansari F, Alian Samakkhah S, Bahadori A, Jafari SM, Ziaee M, Khodayari MT, Pourjafar H. Health-promoting properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii as a probiotic; characteristics, isolation, and applications in dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:457-485. [PMID: 34254862 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1949577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (S. boulardii) has been isolated from lychee (Litchi chinensis), mangosteen fruit, kombucha, and dairy products like kefir. Dairy products containing S. boulardii have been revealed to possess potential probiotic activities owing to their ability to produce organic acids, essential enzymes, vitamins, and other important metabolites such as vanillic acid, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and erythromycin. S. boulardii has a wide spectrum of anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial antiviral, and antioxidant activity, and is known to reduce serum cholesterol levels. However, this yeast has mainly been prescribed for prophylaxis treatment of gastrointestinal infectious diseases, and stimulating the immune system in a number of commercially available products. The present comprehensive review article reviews the properties of S. boulardii related to their use in fermented dairy foods as a probiotic microorganism or starter culture. Technical aspects regarding the integration of this yeast into the dairy foods matrix its health advantages, therapeutic functions, microencapsulation, and viability in harsh conditions, and safety aspects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ansari
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group
| | - Shohre Alian Samakkhah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary of Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technology, Amol, Iran
| | - Ali Bahadori
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maedeh Jafari
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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48
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Makky EA, AlMatar M, Mahmood MH, Ting OW, Qi WZ. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:127-136. [PMID: 34316274 PMCID: PMC8284104 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.02.21.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH BACKGROUND Antioxidants are important compounds present at low concentrations that inhibit oxidation processes. Due to the side effects of synthetic antioxidants, research interest has increased considerably towards finding natural sources of antioxidants that can replace the synthetic ones. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance require the development of new drugs or some potential sources of novel medicine. This work aims to extract the secondary metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using ethyl acetate as a solvent and to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracted metabolites. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites of S. cerevisiae were determined using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential of the ethyl acetate extract of S. cerevisiae against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Five out of 13 of the extracted secondary metabolites were identified as antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of the S. cerevisiae extract exhibited relatively high IC50 of 455.26 and 294.51 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS respectively, while the obtained FRAP value, expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents, was 44.40 μg/mL. Moreover, the extract had a significant antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. However, no inhibitory effect was observed against Cutibacterium acnes as the extract was only effective against the bacterium at the concentrations of 300 and 400 mg/mL (inhibition zones ranging from 9.0±0.0 to 9.3±0.6) respectively (p<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive to the extract, with a MIC value of 18.75 mg/mL. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION This report confirmed the efficacy of the secondary metabolites of S. cerevisiae as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of employing them in drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam A. Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood H. Mahmood
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Ooi Wei Ting
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Wong Zi Qi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
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49
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Falah F, Vasiee A, Alizadeh Behbahani B, Tabatabaee Yazdi F, Mortazavi SA. Optimization of gamma-aminobutyric acid production by Lactobacillus brevis PML1 in dairy sludge-based culture medium through response surface methodology. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3317-3326. [PMID: 34136196 PMCID: PMC8194736 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a pharmaceutical, bioactive amino acid that can produce by some species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). For the first time, we evaluated the production of GABA by Lactobacillus brevis PML1 in the medium that contain the contaminant food bio-product like dairy sludge and soybean meal. GABA production was analyzed by chromatography (TLC, HPLC) and the features of fermented extract which contains this amino acid were evaluated. The results of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of Central Composite Design (CCD) at p < .05 showed 300 ppm of GABA production in optimal treatment including 14.77% dairy sludge powder, 6.27% soybean meal, and 0.49% ammonium sulfate (32°C for 120 hr fermentation). The results of fermented extract also showed the acceptable antimicrobial, antioxidant, and toxicity (against cancer cell) properties. Also, L. brevis PML1has not shown any hemolytic or DNase activity which confirm its safety aspects. According to the results, this new culture can be used as a cheap substrate to biological production of GABA, by L. brevis PML1 in various food and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Falah
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Alireza Vasiee
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Animal Science and Food TechnologyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanMollasaniIran
| | - Farideh Tabatabaee Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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50
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Maternal Probiotic or Synbiotic Supplementation Modulates Jejunal and Colonic Antioxidant Capacity, Mitochondrial Function, and Microbial Abundance in Bama Mini-piglets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6618874. [PMID: 34035877 PMCID: PMC8116152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation during gestation and lactation on antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, and intestinal microbiota abundance in offspring weaned piglets. A total of 64 pregnant Bama mini-sows were randomly allocated into the control group (basal diet), antibiotic group (basal diet + 50 g/t virginiamycin), probiotic group (basal diet + 200 mL/d probiotics per pig), or synbiotic group (basal diet + 200 mL/d probiotics per pig + 500 g/t xylo-oligosaccharides). On day 30 of post-weaning, eight piglets per group with average body weight were selected for sample collection. The results showed that maternal probiotic supplementation increased the catalase (CAT) activity in plasma and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in plasma, jejunum, and colon of piglets while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 concentrations in plasma compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, maternal synbiotic supplementation increased the plasma CAT activity, jejunal glutathione and GSH-Px activities, jejunal and colonic total antioxidant capacity activity, and plasma and colonic SOD activity while decreased the colonic MDA concentration of offspring piglets compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and mitochondrial-related genes (adenosine triphosphate synthase alpha subunit, adenosine triphosphate synthase β, and mitochondrial transcription factor A) in the jejunal mucosa were significantly upregulated, while the level of colonic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α was downregulated by maternal synbiotic supplementation (P < 0.05). Maternal probiotic supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the Bacteroidetes abundance in the jejunum and Bifidobacterium abundance in the jejunum and colon, and synbiotic supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the abundances of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus in the jejunum of piglets. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that intestinal microbiota abundances were significantly correlated with antioxidant enzyme activities and mitochondrial-related indexes. These findings indicated that maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation might be a promising strategy to improve the antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function of offspring weaned piglets by altering the intestinal microbiota.
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