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Imam MW, Luqman S. Unveiling the mechanism of essential oil action against skin pathogens: from ancient wisdom to modern science. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:347. [PMID: 38985339 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils are among the most well-known phyto-compounds, and since ancient times, they have been utilized in medicine. Over 100 essential oils have been identified and utilized as therapies for various skin infections and related ailments. While numerous commercial medicines are available in different dosage forms to treat skin diseases, the persisting issues include their side effects, toxicity, and low efficacy. As a result, researchers are seeking novel classes of compounds as substitutes for synthetic drugs, aiming for minimal side effects, no toxicity, and high efficacy. Essential oils have shown promising antimicrobial activity against skin-associated pathogens. This review presents essential knowledge and scientific information regarding essential oil's antimicrobial capabilities against microorganisms that cause skin infections. Essential oils mechanisms against different pathogens have also been explored. Many essential oils exhibit promising activity against various microbes, which has been qualitatively assessed using the agar disc diffusion experiment, followed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for quantitative evaluation. It has been observed that Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans have been extensively researched in the context of skin-related infections and their antimicrobial activity, including established modes of action. In contrast, other skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens, Propionibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur have received less attention or neglected. This review report provides an updated understanding of the mechanisms of action of various essential oils with antimicrobial properties. This review explores the anti-infectious activity and mode of action of essential against distinct skin pathogens. Such knowledge can be valuable in treating skin infections and related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Waquar Imam
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mansour AT, Arisha AH, Abdelaziz R, Alwutayd KM, Van Doan H, El-Murr AE, El-Houseiny W. Effects of extended dietary supplementation with Santalum album essential oil on hemato-biochemical changes, innate immune response, antioxidant status, and expression of related gene in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:955-971. [PMID: 38300372 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The effects of long-term dietary supplementation with sandalwood (Santalum album L.) essential oil (SEO) was investigated on hemato-biochemical biomarkers, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and resistance against Staphylococcus aureus in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five groups (with four replicates) of O. niloticus (12.60 ± 0.20 g) were fed diets supplemented with SEO at doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mL/kg diet for 60 days. Results indicated a substantial increase in blood protein levels and lower serum cholesterol, cortisol, glucose, urea, creatinine levels and, transaminase activities of fish fed a 2.0-mL SEO/kg diet. Serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement-3 levels, and phagocytic activity were significantly improved in O. niloticus after 60 days of feeding SEO-supplemented diets. Dietary SEO at level of 2.0-mL SEO/kg diet increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and decreased MDA levels in liver homogenate. In addition, dietary 2.0-mL SEO/kg diet significantly upregulated antioxidant genes expression (CAT, SOD, GPx, GST, and GSR) with downregulation of apoptotic genes (HSP70, TLR2, caspase-3, and PCNA) in the liver. Furthermore, SEO-enriched diets significantly down-regulated pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (TFG-β and IL-10) in the spleen. Moreover, SEO fortification increased the relative percentage of survival against S. aureus challenge and regulated immune-antioxidant genes in the spleen after the challenge. Overall, the results revealed that long-term using SEO might strengthen the physiological performance, hepatic oxidant/antioxidant balance, innate immune response, and resistance of O. niloticus against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, 31982, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Rewan Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Abd Elhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Cao D, Jiang X, Wu T, Xiang Y, Liu J, Li Z, Yuan X, Bi K, Dong X, Tønjum T, Xu K, Zhang Y. Identification of essential oils with strong activity against stationary phase Mycobacterium abscessus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27073. [PMID: 38463856 PMCID: PMC10920374 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify essential oils (EOs) active against non-growing stationary phase Mycobacterium abscessus and multidrug-resistant M. abscessus strains. Methods The activity of EOs against both stationary and log phase M. abscessus was evaluated by colony forming unit (CFU) assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Results We assessed the activity of 80 EOs against stationary phase M. abscessus and found 12 EOs (Cinnamon, Satureja montana, Palmarosa, Lemon eucalyptus, Honey myrtle, Combava, Health shield, Mandarin, Thyme, Rosewood, Valerian Root and Basil) at 0.5% concentration to be active against both growing and non-growing stationary phase M. abscessus. Among them, Satureja montana essential oil and Palmarosa essential oil could eliminate all stationary phase M. abscessus at 0.125% and Cinnamon essential oil could eliminate stationary phase bacteria at 0.063% after 1-day treatment. Interestingly, these EOs also exhibited promising activity against multidrug-resistant M. abscessus clinical strains. Conclusions Our study indicates that some EOs display outstanding effectiveness against both drug susceptible M. abscessus and multidrug-resistant M. abscessus isolates. These findings may be significant for the treatment of persistent M. abscessus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, NO-0372, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China
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Shetta A, Ali IH, Sharaf NS, Mamdouh W. "Review of strategic methods for encapsulating essential oils into chitosan nanosystems and their applications". Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129212. [PMID: 38185303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are hydrophobic, concentrated extracts of botanical origin containing diverse bioactive molecules that have been used for their biomedical properties. On the other hand, the volatility, toxicity, and hydrophobicity limited their use in their pure form. Therefore, nano-encapsulation of EOs in a biodegradable polymeric platform showed a solution. Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable polymer that has been intensively used for EOs encapsulation. Various approaches such as homogenization, probe sonication, electrospinning, and 3D printing have been utilized to integrate EOs in CS polymer. Different CS-based platforms were investigated for EOs encapsulation such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanofibers, films, nanoemulsions, 3D printed composites, and hydrogels. Biological applications of encapsulating EOs in CS include antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer functions. This review explores the principles for nanoencapsulation strategies, and the available technologies are also reviewed, in addition to an in-depth overview of the current research and application of nano-encapsulated EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Shetta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Isra H Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nouran S Sharaf
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Wael Mamdouh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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Kou Z, Zhang J, Lan Q, Liu L, Su X, Islam R, Tian Y. Antifungal activity and mechanism of palmarosa essential oil against pathogen Botrytis cinerea in the postharvest onions. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad290. [PMID: 38040655 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Botrytis cinerea is a pathogenic fungus that infests multiple crops, which causes a severe decrease in yield and generates substantial losses in the economy. Palmarosa essential oil (PEO) is a primary aromatic compound extracted from palmarosa that is commonly used for scent, medicine, and flavoring foods due to its diverse bioactive properties. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity and the main mechanism of action of PEO against B. cinerea. In addition, the components and control effects of PEO were also studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The antifungal assay was tested using the mycelial growth rate method and colony morphology. The constituents of PEO were identified according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main mechanism of action of PEO was evaluated by measuring representative indicators, which consist of cell contents leakage, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other related indicators. The results indicated that at a concentration of 0.60 ml l-1, PEO exhibits strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The PEO mainly included 13 compounds, of which citronellol (44.67%), benzyl benzoate (14.66%), and acetyl cedrene (9.63%) might be the main antifungal ingredients. The study elucidated the main mechanism of action of PEO against B. cinerea, which involved the disruption of cell membrane structure, resulting in altered the cell membrane permeability, leakage of cell contents, and accumulation of excess ROS. CONCLUSIONS PEO is a satisfactory biological control agent that inhibits B. cinerea in postharvest onions. PEO (0.60 ml l-1) exhibited strong antifungal activity by disrupting the cell membrane structure, altering cell membrane permeability, leading to the cell contents leakage, accumulation of excess ROS and increased level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Kou
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qingqing Lan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xu Su
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Rehmat Islam
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Nguyen L, DeVico B, Mannan M, Chang M, Rada Santacruz C, Siragusa C, Everhart S, Fazen CH. Tea Tree Essential Oil Kills Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis Persisters. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1404. [PMID: 37759804 PMCID: PMC10526169 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persister cells are a small subpopulation of non-growing bacteria within a population that can survive long exposures to antibiotic treatment. Following antibiotic removal, persister cells can regrow and populate, playing a key role in the chronic reoccurrence of bacterial infections. The development of new molecules and methods to kill bacterial persisters is critical. Essential oils and other natural products have long been studied for their antimicrobial effects. Here, we studied the effectiveness of tea tree essential oil (TTO), a common component in many commercial care products, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis persister cells. Using biphasic kill curve assays, we found that concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% TTO for E. coli and S. epidermidis, respectively, completely eradicated persister cells over a period of 24 h, with the component terpinen-4-ol responsible for most of the killing. Using a colorimetric assay, it was determined that the TTO exhibited its anti-persister effects through a membrane disruption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher H. Fazen
- Department of Chemistry, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA; (L.N.); (B.D.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.R.S.); (C.S.); (S.E.)
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Antimicrobial Activity of Spices Popularly Used in Mexico against Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020325. [PMID: 36830236 PMCID: PMC9952462 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide. These infections are common in all people; however, they are more prevalent in women than in men. The main microorganism that causes 80-90% of UTIs is Escherichia coli. However, other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae cause UTIs, and antibiotics are required to treat them. However, UTI treatment can be complicated by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Therefore, medicinal plants, such as spices generally added to foods, can be a therapeutic alternative due to the variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenes present in their extracts that exert antimicrobial activity. Essential oils extracted from spices have been used to demonstrate their antimicrobial efficacy against strains of pathogens isolated from UTI patients and their synergistic effect with antibiotics. This article summarizes relevant findings on the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon, clove, cumin, oregano, pepper, and rosemary, spices popularly used in Mexico against the uropathogens responsible for UTIs.
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Postnikova ON, Shevkoplyas LA, Kuevda TA, Sataieva TP, Kirsanova MA, Logadyr TA. Еffect of the essential oil of <i>Satureja montana</i> L. on the growth of cultures of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Essential oils contain antimicrobial components that are highly active against a wide range of microorganisms. Essential oils are natural, environmentally safe, low-toxic substances with a minimal list of side effects; no antimicrobial resistance is formed to them.
The aim of the research was to study the influence of the essential oil of Satureja montana L., growing in the Crimea, on the growth of cultures of opportunistic microorganisms.
Materials and methods. The short-term effect of savory oil on the growth of referenсе strains of microorganisms was studied in accordance with the European Standard for determining the rate of inactivation of microorganisms by the test substance (1997). To study the long-term effect of savory oil on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, we used the method of dilutions in a liquid medium, followed by measurement of the optical density of growth of the suspension culture biomass. The effect of savory oil on the formation of biofilms by clinical isolates of S. aureus was also studied.
Results. Whole savory oil and its dilutions of 1 : 10 and 1 : 100 with short-term action (1060 min) completely suppressed the growth of referenсе strains of bacteria; growth of the referenсе strain Candida albicans CCM 885 was inhibited only by whole oil and a 1 : 10 dilution, while a 1 : 100 dilution had a bacteriostatic effect. Dilutions of essential oil 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000 had a pronounced antibacterial effect on the suspension culture of clinical isolates of S. aureus. Savory oil also inhibited biofilm formation by 11 isolates S. aureus.
Conclusion. The essential oil of Satureja montana L. exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial effect against referenсе strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and fungi C. albicans CCM 885. The antibacterial effect of this essential oil on clinical isolates of S. aureus allows us to offer it as a component of combined preparations for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus.
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Ebani VV, Pieracci Y, Cagnoli G, Bertelloni F, Munafò C, Nardoni S, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana and Their Mixture against Clinical Isolates Responsible for Canine Otitis Externa. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010030. [PMID: 36669031 PMCID: PMC9864906 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis externa is a frequent inflammation among dogs, mainly caused by bacteria and yeasts that are often resistant to conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of commercial essential oils (EOs) from Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, and Thymus vulgaris, as well as a mixture of these three components, against 47 clinical bacterial strains (Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens) and 5 Malassezia pachydermatis strains, previously cultured from the ears of dogs affected by otitis externa. The tested Gram-positive bacteria were sensible to the analysed EOs with MICs ranging from 1.25% (v/v) to <0.0195% (v/v); Gram-negative isolates, mainly P. aeruginosa, were less sensitive with MICs from >10% (v/v) to 0.039% (v/v). M. pachydermatis isolates were sensitive to all EOs with MICs from 4.25% (v/v) to 2% (v/v). However, the mixture was active against all bacterial (except one P. aeruginosa strain) and fungal tested isolates. The three EOs and their mixture seem to be an interesting alternative for treating canine otitis externa when conventional antimicrobials are not active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Munafò
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
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Panda SK, Buroni S, Swain SS, Bonacorsi A, da Fonseca Amorim EA, Kulshrestha M, da Silva LCN, Tiwari V. Recent advances to combat ESKAPE pathogens with special reference to essential oils. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029098. [PMID: 36560948 PMCID: PMC9763703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacteria, especially ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), are a serious challenge worldwide. Due to the lack of discovery of novel antibiotics, in the past two decades, it has become necessary to search for new antibiotics or to study synergy with the existing antibiotics so as to counter life-threatening infections. Nature-derived compounds/based products are more efficient than the chemically synthesized ones with less resistance and lower side effects. In this descriptive review, we discuss the most promising therapeutics for the treatment of ESKAPE-related biofilms. The first aspect includes different types of natural agents [botanical drugs, essential oils (EOs), antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and endolysins] effective against ESKAPE pathogens. The second part of the review deals with special references to EOs/essential oil components (EOCs) (with some exclusive examples), mode of action (via interfering in the quorum-sensing pathways, disruption of biofilm and their inhibitory concentrations, expression of genes that are involved, other virulence factors), existing in literature so far. Moreover, different essential oils and their major constituents were critically discussed using in vivo models to target ESKAPE pathogens along with the studies involving existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment Studies, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology and Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Andrea Bonacorsi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mukta Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Vishvanath Tiwari,
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Nanoemulsion and Nanogel Containing Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil; Larvicidal Activity and Antibacterial Properties. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:1616149. [PMID: 36092391 PMCID: PMC9453008 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1616149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EGEO) possesses many biological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticide properties. In the current study, the chemical composition of EGEO was first investigated using GC-MS analysis. Then, a nanoemulsion and nanogel containing EGEO (EGEO-nanoemulsion and EGEO-nanogel) were prepared. After that, the successful loading of EGEO was confirmed using ATR-FTIR analysis. EGEO-nanoemulsion and EGEO-nanogel with LC50 values of 27 and 32 μg/mL showed promising efficacies against Anopheles stephensi larvae. Besides, the efficacy of EGEO-nanogel (IC50 187 μg/mL) was significantly more potent than EGEO-nanoemulsion (IC50 3732 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus. However, no significant difference was observed in the efficacy of EGEO-nanoemulsion and EGEO-nanogel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Natural components, straightforward preparation, and proper efficacy are some of the advantages of EGEO-nanogel; it could be considered for further consideration against other pathogens and mosquito larvae.
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Galgano M, Capozza P, Pellegrini F, Cordisco M, Sposato A, Sblano S, Camero M, Lanave G, Fracchiolla G, Corrente M, Cirone F, Trotta A, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia D, Pratelli A. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070979. [PMID: 35884233 PMCID: PMC9311876 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has caused a reduction in antibiotic effectiveness and an increase in mortality rates. Essential oils (EOs), known for their therapeutic efficacy, can be configured as novel broad-spectrum biocides. Accordingly, the bacteriostatic–bactericidal activity of Citrus Lemon (LEO), Pinus Sylvestris (PEO), Foeniculum Vulgaris (FEO), Ocimum Basilicum (BEO), Melissa Officinalis (MEO), Thymus Vulgaris (TEO), and Zingiber Officinalis Rosc. (GEO), at concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 40% (v/v), were tested in vitro against different E. coli and S. aureus strains using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed using GC/MS. The major components of all seven tested oils were limonene, α-pinene, anethole, estragole, citral, thymol, and zingiberene, respectively. We found that the bacteriostatic–bactericidal activity of the EOs was related to their chemotypes and concentrations, as well as the strain of the bacteria. A dose–effect correlation was found when testing GEO against S. aureus strains, whilst FEO was found to have no activity regardless of concentration. PEO, MEO, and BEO were found to have bactericidal effect with a MIC and MBC of 1.25% (v/v) against S. aureus strains, and LEO was found to have values of 1.25% (v/v) and 5% (v/v) against ATCC and clinical isolate, respectively. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of TEO was not related to oil concentration and the complete inhibition of growth across all E. coli and S. aureus was observed. Although preliminary, our data demonstrate the efficacy of EOs and pave the way for further investigations on their potential synergistic use with traditional drugs in the human and veterinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Galgano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Marco Cordisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Sabina Sblano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Francesco Cirone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4679835
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Controversy around parabens: Alternative strategies for preservative use in cosmetics and personal care products. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110488. [PMID: 33221305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parabens usage as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products have been debated among scientists and consumers. Parabens are easy to production, effective and cheap, but its safety status remains controversial. Other popular cosmetics preservatives are formaldehyde, triclosan, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. Although their high antimicrobial effectiveness, they also exhibit some adverse health effects. Lately, scientists have shown that natural substances such as essential oils and plant extracts present antimicrobial potential. However, their use in cosmetic is a challenge. The present review article is a comprehensive summary of the available methods to prevent microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care products, which can allow reducing the use of parabens in these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Gumaa MA, Idris AB, Bilal NE, Hassan MA. First insights into molecular basis identification of 16 s ribosomal RNA gene of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Sudan. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:240. [PMID: 34172074 PMCID: PMC8229275 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we analyzed the molecular evolution of Staphylococcus aureus isolates using 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis to detect the prevalence of S. aureus infections in Sudan. Results Molecular detection of S. aureus has shown that 20 (43.47%) of patients were positive for S. aureus. The phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA sequences was divided into three lineages of S. aureus isolates detected from wound infections in Sudan. Nucleotides base-pair substitution was appeared at position 249. This mutation do not linked with Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramines b resistant phenotype. Further studies should investigate the effect of that mutation on resistance to other antibiotics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05569-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Gumaa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Abeer Babiker Idris
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - N E Bilal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences and the Director of Central Research Laboratory, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Department of Bioinformatics, DETAGEN Genetic Diagnostics Center, Kayseri, Turkey
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Galovičová L, Valková V, Štefániková J, Kačániová M. Essential oils and their application in a food model. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of essential oils (Canarium luzonicum CLEO, Melaleuca leucadenron MLEO, Amyris balsamifera ABEO). There was Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis used for the characteristic of the semiquantitative composition of the essential oils. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of essential oils against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were analyzed in a 96-well plate. The broth microdilution method was used for the minimal inhibitory concentration. A gas-phase antimicrobial assay was used to determine inhibitory concentrations in a food model. CLEO proved to be the best with the lowest MIC 50 and 90 of 6.67 μL.mL-1 respectively 6.81 μL.mL-1 and antioxidant activity of 33.43% among the tested essential oils. The main volatile compounds CLEO were limonene 36.38%, elemol 16.65%, α-fellandren 12.18% and elemicin 9.59%. It showed inhibition of S. maltophilia growth in the food model at the lowest concentrations among the essential oils.
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Buldain D, Gortari Castillo L, Buchamer AV, Aliverti F, Bandoni A, Marchetti L, Mestorino N. Melaleuca armillaris Essential Oil in Combination With Rifaximin Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated of Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:344. [PMID: 32760742 PMCID: PMC7373747 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major subclinical mastitis-causing pathogen in dairy cows. In some European and Latin American countries, rifaximin (RIF) is a commonly used therapy at drying off. Phytotherapeutics are alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases. Melaleuca armillaris essential oil (EO) has been reported as a good antimicrobial against S. aureus. The aim of this work was to investigate, in vitro, the combined effect of EO and RIF to identify a synergic interaction against S. aureus in order to obtain enough information for subsequent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for RIF, EO, and combinations of these against S. aureus strains were determined at pH 7.4, 6.5, and 5.0, representing intracellular conditions where S. aureus is usually located. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) and the index of antibacterial activity (E) were evaluated. The MIC of EO at pH 7.4 was 25-12.5 μL/mL and decreased with the acidity of the medium. RIF presented a high antimicrobial activity (0.032 μg/mL) against S. aureus regardless of the pH conditions. Combining RIF with EO, we found a synergic effect. A mix of 0.004 μg/mL of RIF and 12.5 μL/mL of EO led to a virtual eradication effect against wild-type strains at pH 7.4. Media acidification improves the EO/RIF activity, so EO would be a good adjuvant for RIF to treat staphylococcal infections and decrease antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buldain
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lihuel Gortari Castillo
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verónica Buchamer
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aliverti
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Bandoni
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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