1
|
Mounsey O, Marchetti L, Parada J, Alarcón LV, Aliverti F, Avison MB, Ayala CS, Ballesteros C, Best CM, Bettridge J, Buchamer A, Buldain D, Carranza A, Corti Isgro M, Demeritt D, Escobar MP, Gortari Castillo L, Jaureguiberry M, Lucas MF, Madoz LV, Marconi MJ, Moiso N, Nievas HD, Ramirez Montes De Oca MA, Reding C, Reyher KK, Vass L, Williams S, Giraudo J, De La Sota RL, Mestorino N, Moredo FA, Pellegrino M. Genomic epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from Argentinian pig and dairy farms reveals animal-specific patterns of co-resistance and resistance mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0179123. [PMID: 38334306 PMCID: PMC10952494 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01791-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Control measures are being introduced globally to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria on farms. However, little is known about the current prevalence and molecular ecology of ABR in bacterial species with the potential to be key opportunistic human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, on South American farms. Working with 30 dairy cattle farms and 40 pig farms across two provinces in central-eastern Argentina, we report a comprehensive genomic analysis of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) E. coli, which were recovered from 34.8% (cattle) and 47.8% (pigs) of samples from fecally contaminated sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial diversity suggestive of long-term horizontal and vertical transmission of 3GC-R mechanisms. CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 were more often produced by isolates from dairy farms, while CTX-M-8 and CMY-2 and co-carriage of amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance and florfenicol resistance were more common in isolates from pig farms. This suggests different selective pressures for antibiotic use in these two animal types. We identified the β-lactamase gene blaROB, which has previously only been reported in the family Pasteurellaceae, in 3GC-R E. coli. blaROB was found alongside a novel florfenicol resistance gene, ydhC, also mobilized from a pig pathogen as part of a new composite transposon. As the first comprehensive genomic survey of 3GC-R E. coli in Argentina, these data set a baseline from which to measure the effects of interventions aimed at reducing on-farm ABR and provide an opportunity to investigate the zoonotic transmission of resistant bacteria in this region. IMPORTANCE Little is known about the ecology of critically important antibiotic resistance among bacteria with the potential to be opportunistic human pathogens (e.g., Escherichia coli) on South American farms. By studying 70 pig and dairy cattle farms in central-eastern Argentina, we identified that third-generation cephalosporin resistance (3GC-R) in E. coli was mediated by mechanisms seen more often in certain species and that 3GC-R pig E. coli were more likely to be co-resistant to florfenicol and amoxicillin/clavulanate. This suggests that on-farm antibiotic usage is key to selecting the types of E. coli present on these farms. 3GC-R E. coli and 3GC-R plasmids were diverse, suggestive of long-term circulation in this region. We identified the de novo mobilization of the resistance gene blaROB from pig pathogens into E. coli on a novel mobile genetic element, which shows the importance of surveying poorly studied regions for antibiotic resistance that might impact human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mounsey
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julián Parada
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V. Alarcón
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aliverti
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthew B. Avison
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos S. Ayala
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline M. Best
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Bettridge
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Buchamer
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Buldain
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Carranza
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Maite Corti Isgro
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Demeritt
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lihuel Gortari Castillo
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jaureguiberry
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana F. Lucas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Universidad del Salvador, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Pilar, Argentina
| | - L. Vanina Madoz
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Marconi
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Moiso
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Hernán D. Nievas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Reding
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucy Vass
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Williams
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José Giraudo
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - R. Luzbel De La Sota
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabiana A. Moredo
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías Pellegrino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico Químicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mestorino N, Reeve-Johnson L. Editorial: Phytotherapeutic alternatives in veterinary medicine, vol II. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174494. [PMID: 37065242 PMCID: PMC10091514 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mestorino
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos -LEFyT-, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Nora Mestorino ;
| | - Lloyd Reeve-Johnson
- One Health, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Goyd Project Solutions, Queensland, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ballarre J, Buldain D, Unalan I, Pastore JI, Mestorino N, Boccaccini AR. Melaleuca armillaris Essential Oil as an Antibacterial Agent: The Use of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles as Drug Carrier. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:34. [PMID: 36615943 PMCID: PMC9824681 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses have been proposed for bone tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and osteo-inductive behaviour. The generation of mesoporous bioactive glass (nano) particles adds a high surface area for the dissolution and release of bioactive ions, and the possibility to load them with different drugs for antibacterial purposes. Essential oils (EO) are an interesting resource for alternative medical therapy, providing antimicrobial compounds that come from organic/natural resources like aromatic plants. Also, a biological polymer, such as chitosan, could be used to control the release of active agents from mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) loaded particles. This work presents MBG particles with nominal composition (in mol) 60% SiO2, 30% CaO and 10% P2O5, loaded with essential oil of Melaleuca armillaris, which contains 1,8-cineol as the main active component, with an inhibitory in vitro activity against several bacterial species. Also, co-loading with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, namely gentamicin, was investigated. The MBG particles were found to be of around 300nm in diameter and to exhibit highly porous open structure. The release of EO from the particles reached 72% of the initial content after the first 24 h, and 80% at 48 h of immersion in phosphate buffered solution. Also, the MBG particles with EO and EO-gentamicin loading presented in vitro apatite formation after 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. The antibacterial tests indicated that the main effect, after 24 h of contact with the bacteria, was reached either for the MBG EO or MBG EO-gentamicin particles against E. coli, while the effect against S. aureus was less marked. The results indicate that MBG particles are highly bioactive with the tested composition and loaded with EO of Melaleuca armillaris. The EO, also combined with gentamicin, acts as an antibacterial agent but with different efficacy depending on the bacteria type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Ballarre
- Material’s Science and Technology Research Institute (INTEMA), UNMdP-CONICET, Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600, Argentina
| | - Daniel Buldain
- Pharmacologic and Toxicological Studies Laboratory (LEFyT), Veterinary Science Faculty, UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Irem Unalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan I. Pastore
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
- Digital Image Processing Laboratory ICyTE, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Pharmacologic and Toxicological Studies Laboratory (LEFyT), Veterinary Science Faculty, UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buldain D, Gortari Castillo L, Buchamer AV, Bandoni A, Marchetti L, Mestorino N. In vitro synergistic interaction between Melaleuca armillaris essential oil and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1005616. [PMID: 36458057 PMCID: PMC9705979 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes subclinical mastitis around the world with a high impact on the milk industry and public health. Essential oils (EO) are recognized antimicrobials that can be synergistic with antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the essential oil (EO) of Melaleuca armillaris as an adjuvant of erythromycin (ERY) for the alternative treatment of bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC and MBC) of EO, ERY, and its combinations were established against S. aureus at different pHs (7.4, 6.5 and 5.0), emulating extra and intracellular conditions. Sensitive (N = 3) and resistant (N = 3) strains to ERY and S. aureus ATCC 29213 as control were used. Math models were applied to describe the antibacterial activity of EO and combinations EO-ERY. The EO was bactericidal against all the strains independently of the pH with a slight improvement in acid conditions. The synergism between EO and ERY was estimated by the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FIC) and by mathematical modeling of the bacterial killing data. Synergism was observed with ERY, where combinations had bactericidal activity also even with pH modification. M. armillaris EO is an interesting adjuvant for ERY, being a promissory option for further analysis of intracellular efficacy against S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buldain
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lihuel Gortari Castillo
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verónica Buchamer
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Bandoni
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buldain D, Gortari Castillo L, Buchamer AV, Aliverti F, Bandoni A, Marchetti L, Mestorino N. Melaleuca armillaris Essential Oil in Combination With Rifaximin Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated of Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:344. [PMID: 32760742 PMCID: PMC7373747 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major subclinical mastitis-causing pathogen in dairy cows. In some European and Latin American countries, rifaximin (RIF) is a commonly used therapy at drying off. Phytotherapeutics are alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases. Melaleuca armillaris essential oil (EO) has been reported as a good antimicrobial against S. aureus. The aim of this work was to investigate, in vitro, the combined effect of EO and RIF to identify a synergic interaction against S. aureus in order to obtain enough information for subsequent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for RIF, EO, and combinations of these against S. aureus strains were determined at pH 7.4, 6.5, and 5.0, representing intracellular conditions where S. aureus is usually located. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) and the index of antibacterial activity (E) were evaluated. The MIC of EO at pH 7.4 was 25-12.5 μL/mL and decreased with the acidity of the medium. RIF presented a high antimicrobial activity (0.032 μg/mL) against S. aureus regardless of the pH conditions. Combining RIF with EO, we found a synergic effect. A mix of 0.004 μg/mL of RIF and 12.5 μL/mL of EO led to a virtual eradication effect against wild-type strains at pH 7.4. Media acidification improves the EO/RIF activity, so EO would be a good adjuvant for RIF to treat staphylococcal infections and decrease antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buldain
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lihuel Gortari Castillo
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verónica Buchamer
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aliverti
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Bandoni
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos (LEFyT), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
La otitis externa es una enfermedad de presentación frecuente en la práctica diaria. La comprensión de su fisiopatología es importante para su prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. El protocolo diagnóstico debe ser estricto, siendo fundamental el rol que cumplen en estos casos el cultivo bacteriano y el antibiograma. Pseudomonas aeruginosaes un microorganismo oportunista e invasor, que constituye en sí mismo un factor perpetuante para las otitis crónicas. Además de sus factores de virulencia y la resistencia intrínseca a múltiples fármacos, forma biopelículas de protección sobre tejidos colonizados y posee gran capacidad para adquirir genes determinantes de resistencia cromosómica y extra cromosómica durante el tratamiento. Los casos crónicos o recurrentes con aislamientos de P. aeruginosa resultan un desafío constante para el veterinario. El oído externo tiene escasa irrigación, por lo cual los antimicrobianos sistémicos no alcanzan concentraciones adecuadas, siendo la terapia tópica la primera elección. El éxito terapéutico evoluciona hacia la aplicación de pautas farmacocinéticas/farmacodinámicas, desde una concepción netamente empírica hasta una concepción cuantitativa, permitiendo describir y simular el efecto de un antibiótico sobre una población bacteriana en función del tiempo, mediante la modelización matemática de los datos experimentales, con objeto de maximizar la eficacia y minimizar fenómenos de resistencia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Buldain D, Buchamer AV, Marchetti ML, Aliverti F, Bandoni A, Mestorino N. Combination of Cloxacillin and Essential Oil of Melaleuca armillaris as an Alternative Against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:177. [PMID: 30116728 PMCID: PMC6082948 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to antibiotics has been favored by abuse in the application of antimicrobials in human and animal medicine. Essential oils are a great resource to deal with this crisis. Melaleuca armillaris belongs to the family of Myrtaceae, rich in species with essential oils. Plant extracts has shown antimicrobial activity in many investigations. Cloxacillin (CLOX) is an antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine against Staphylococcus aureus. Our aim was to assess pharmacodynamic interaction established by combining essential oil of M. armillaris (EO) with CLOX in search of a synergistic effect that maximizes the antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The EO was obtained by steam distillation and its composition was analyzed by a GC-FID-MS. The most abundant components in the EO were 1.8 cineole (72.3%), limonene (7.8%). and α-pinene (6%). We worked with wild type S. aureus strains (n = 3) isolated from Holstein cows, and S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the reference strain. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of CLOX, EO and the combination was determined by microdilution in broth at pH 7.4; 6.5 and 5.0. The checkerboard method was applied to evaluate the interaction between CLOX and EO. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index (FIC) was established. From those combinations that yielded the lowest FIC values, we evaluated the index of antibacterial activity (E), established as the difference between the Log10 values of the number of viable bacteria at the initial (nt0) and at the end of the test (nt24). So, time-killing curves with CLOX and EO/CLOX combination at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 fold the MIC in broth at pH 7.4; 6.5 and 5.0 were prepared. We considered Bacteriostatic effect (E = 0) Bactericidal effect (E = -3) and Effect of virtual eradication of bacteria (E = -4). A clear synergic activity between the EO and the CLOX was demonstrated, which allows reducing the MIC of β-lactam against S. aureus. This interaction was favored by acidification of the medium, where lower concentrations of CLOX achieved a bactericidal effect, close to virtual eradication, in the presence of small amounts of EO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buldain
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea V Buchamer
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Marchetti
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aliverti
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Bandoni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica, Institute of Chemical and Drug Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dadé M, Zeinsteger P, Bozzolo F, Mestorino N. Repellent and Lethal Activities of Extracts From Fruits of Chinaberry ( Melia azedarach L., Meliaceae) Against Triatoma infestans. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:158. [PMID: 30094242 PMCID: PMC6070623 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans is the principal vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, parasite responsible of Chagas's Disease transmission in Argentina. Pyrethroids have become common pesticides for the control of T. infestans but increasing resistance encourages the search of new alternatives and the use of natural products for biological control arises as a new strategy. Melia azedarach L. is originated from the Himalaya's region and several compounds are part of its rich phytochemistry. Folk medicine of the plant is due to its repellent and insecticidal activities. Aims of this work were to evaluate the repellent activity of methanolic and acetonic extracts from fruits of M. azedarach by means of the area preference method of fifth and first nymph stages as well as to test the acute lethal effect of the more repellent extract by means of direct application on cuticle on both stages. For repellence, qualitative filter papers were divided into two halves, one treated with methanolic (ME) or acetonic (AC) extract and the other without treatment. Controls were impregnated half with methanol or acetone and half without the solvents. One nymph was located in each Petri or well and repellence percentage was determined. For the lethal effect, fasted and fed to repletion 5th stage nymphs were topically administered with different concentrations of AC and deaths were registered after 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed as well. AC demonstrated high repellent activity (100%, both stages), whereas ME extract activity was slight (10-21%). AC extract was selected for lethal assays due to early repellent activity. Fed to repletion nymphs were more sensitive to the lethal activity of the extract when compared to fasted nymphs (LD50: 11.5 vs. 23.1 μg/insect, respectively). Phytochemistry assays of extracts showed a higher concentration of flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes for AC. Considering these results, next assays will include the test of Melia azedarach extract on T. infestans that are resistant to pyrethroids for a possible synergism between AC and the pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nora Mestorino
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mestorino N, Zeinsteger P, Buchamer A, Buldain D, Aliverti F, Marchetti L. Tissue depletion of doxycycline after its oral administration in food producing chicken for fattening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Buldain D, Buchamer A, Marchetti L, Aliverti F, Borja C, Mestorino N. Efecto antimicrobiano de la combinación de cloxacilina con aceite esencial de Melaleuca armillaris frente a Staphylococcus aureus. VE 2017. [DOI: 10.24215/15142590e014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
La problemática actual de la resistencia bacteriana, promovida básicamente por el abuso en la utilización de antibióticos, lleva a la necesidad de encontrar alternativas terapéuticas más eficaces para enfrentar las infecciones bacterianas. Los aceites esenciales representan una gran herramienta para enfrentar esta crisis. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la interacción farmacodinámica establecida al combinar aceite esencial de Melaleuca armillaris con cloxacilina en busca de un efecto sinérgico que maximice la actividad del antibiótico frente a Staphylococcus aureus. Cepas de referencia y salvajes de dicha especie fueron enfrentadas al extracto vegetal y al antimicrobiano en forma individual y combinada mediante microdilución en caldo, modificando las condiciones del pH para emular el ambiente subcelular. Se determinó la interacción mediante la técnica de tablero de damas o checkerboard, se calculó el índice de concentración fraccionaria inhibitoria y, finalmente, se estableció el índice de actividad antibacteriana de la combinación. Nuestros resultados demuestran una clara actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial, que permite reducir las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias del antibiótico betalactámico para el S. aureus. Esta interacción se ve favorecida por la acidificación del medio, lo que permite que menores concentraciones de cloxacilina logren un efecto bactericida, cercano a la erradicación virtual, en presencia de pequeñas cantidades de aceite esencial. Estos hallazgos resultan prometedores para enfrentar infecciones estafilocócicas de difícil resolución.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dadé M, Daniele M, Mestorino N. Evaluation of the toxic effects of doramectin, ivermectin and eprinomectin against Triatoma infestans using a rat model. Biomedica 2017; 37:324-332. [PMID: 28968009 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i3.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyrethroids have been frequently and intensively used for controlling the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. The emergence of resistance to these insecticides has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel, alternative and complementary control strategies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the toxic effects of ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin on the bloodfeeding behaviour of Triatoma infestans using a rodent model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifth instar nymphs of T. infestans were fed at different times on Wistar rats pretreated with doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin or dimethylsulfoxide (excipient control) topically or orally administered. We determined the effects of each insecticide and of dimethyl sulfoxide on the amount of ingested blood, the volume of faecal discharge, and the mortality rates in triatomines. RESULTS Only the rate of triatomine mortality was associated with the antiparasitic compounds administered and the route of administration utilized. Doramectin administration was associated with a higher mortality rate (21.5%) than ivermectin, eprinomectin and dimethylsulfoxide (16, 11 and 2.5%, respectively), and topical administration was found to be most effective for inducing mortality (23 vs. 9.3 %). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the toxic effects of the three assessed insecticides on T. infestans. The administration of ecto/endoparasiticides to domiciliary or peridomiciliary animals may serve as an interesting complementary strategy to the use of pyrethroids for the control of T. infestans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín Dadé
- Laboratorio de Estudios Farmacológicos y Toxicológicos, Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mestorino N, Buldain D, Buchamer A, Gortari L, Daniele M, Marchetti ML. Residue depletion of ivermectin in broiler poultry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:624-631. [PMID: 28067137 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1278307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections are widespread in the poultry industry. There is evidence of extra-label use of some drugs, such as ivermectin (IVM), in broiler poultry. Pharmacokinetic and residual studies of IVM in poultry, however, are rather scarce. Our aim was to determine time restrictions for broiler chickens fed with balanced feed mixed with IVM for 21 days, and thus achieve acceptable residual levels for consumption as established by the European Union. Sixty 1-day-old chicks were fed with food supplemented with IVM at 5 mg kg-1 feed for 21 days. Groups of six treated animals were sacrificed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 28 days after treatment. Liver, skin/fat, kidney and muscle samples were obtained. IVM were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after automatic solid-phase extraction with SPE C18 cartridges. The highest concentrations were measured in the liver, which is logical given that IVM is a drug that undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism. The optimal withdrawal time for edible tissues of these animals to stay within the permitted residual levels were: 12 days for liver, 8 days for skin/fat, 0 days for muscle and 10 days for kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mestorino
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Daniel Buldain
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CINICET) , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Andrea Buchamer
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Lihuel Gortari
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Martín Daniele
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - María Laura Marchetti
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mestorino N, Marchetti ML, Lucas MF, Modamio P, Zeinsteger P, Fernández Lastra C, Segarra I, Mariño EL. Bioequivalence Study of Two Long-Acting Formulations of Oxytetracycline Following Intramuscular Administration in Bovines. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:50. [PMID: 27446938 PMCID: PMC4917521 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two commercial long-acting formulations based on oxytetracycline (OTC) hydrochloride between the reference formulation (Terramycin LA, Pfizer) and a test formulation (Cyamicin LA, Fort Dodge Saude Animal). Both formulations were administered in a single intramuscular route at a dose of 20 mg OTC/kg of body weight in clinically healthy bovines. The study was carried out according to a one-period parallel design. Plasma samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of quantitation was 0.050 μg/mL with an accuracy of 101.67% with a coefficient of variation of 13.15%. Analysis of variance and 90% confidence interval tests were used to compare the bioavailability parameters (maximum plasma concentration, C max, and the area under the concentration-versus-time curve extrapolated to infinity, AUC0-∞) of both products. In the case of the time to maximum concentration (T max), non-parametric tests based on Wilcoxon's signed rank test were preferred. The comparison of the mean AUC0-∞ values did not reveal any significant differences (311.40 ± 93.05 μg h/mL and 287.71 ± 45.31 μg h/mL, respectively). The results were similar for the T max (3.58 ± 0.90 h versus 3.42 ± 0.51 h). However, when comparing the mean C max some significant differences were found (8.73 ± 3.66 μg/mL and 10.43 ± 3.84 μg/mL, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of AUC0-∞ and T max values for the reference and test product are within the interval 80-125%, but the 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of C max falls outside the proposed interval. It was concluded that C max of test product are not within the 20% of those of the reference, thus suggesting that test OTC is not bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mestorino
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - María Laura Marchetti
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Mariana Florencia Lucas
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Pilar Modamio
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pedro Zeinsteger
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies (LEFyT), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Cecilia Fernández Lastra
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignacio Segarra
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eduardo Luis Mariño
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marin GH, Mestorino N, Errecalde J, Huber B, Uriarte A, Orchuela J. Personalised iron supply for prophylaxis and treatment of pregnant women as a way to ensure normal iron levels in their breast milk. J Med Life 2012; 5:29-32. [PMID: 22574084 PMCID: PMC3307076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Because the characteristics of all body fluids depends on patient's health status, is it possible that disadvantaged and socially vulnerable mothers may have lower amounts of iron in their breast milk, and that their babies receive lower content of the mineral for their normal growth and development. Assuring a preventive treatment of the mother might solve this problem. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate breast milk iron content from disadvantaged mothers and impact of personalized iron supplementation program. MATERIALS AND METHODS cross-sectional study. Breast milk samples were obtained for ferritin analysis. Health's services usually provides free folic acid and iron treatment however, treatment compliance is low. Patients were random in two groups: "A: Controls" that had free iron tablets available from Health Centre; and "B: Intervention" group where patients accepted to be periodically contacted at home by health's team for personalized iron dispensation. RESULTS 360 patients were included. Profilaxis and treatment compliance were 100% and 97,6% for B group while for "Control" one was 63% and 34%(p0.0001). Higher breast milk iron levels were detected in Intervention's mothers compared with control's patients (p0.007). CONCLUSION Personalized iron prophylaxis and treatment increased breast milk iron levels. Public health policy must ensure iron dispensation for each underserved mother in order to reduce children problems associate to iron deficiency during the first year of their life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GH Marin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University, La Plata. Argentina
| | - N Mestorino
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University, La Plata. Argentina
| | - J Errecalde
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University, La Plata. Argentina
| | - B Huber
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University, La Plata. Argentina
| | - A Uriarte
- Public Health Service, La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Orchuela
- Public Health Service, La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marchetti ML, Errecalde J, Mestorino N. Effect of 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine on antimicrobial agent susceptibility in multidrug-resistant isogenic and veterinary Escherichia coli field strains. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:786-792. [PMID: 22345599 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.040204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of the efflux pump inhibitor 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP) when combined with different families of antimicrobial agents against isogenic strains and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli field strains isolated from animals. Laboratory isogenic strains of E. coli with different levels of expression of efflux pumps were used as quality controls. Ten MDR E. coli strains were collected from healthy animals in a cross-sectional study in four commercial dairy farms. The MICs of florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and ampicillin were determined by a serial microdilution method in Luria-Bertani broth in the presence or absence of NMP. NMP used with ampicillin exerted no effect on the isogenic or field strains. In most of the field MDRE. coli strains and in an acrAB-overexpressing (AG112) isogenic strain, the MICs of florfenicol, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline decreased at least fourfold when the antimicrobial was combined with the highest NMP concentrations. In the wild-type strain (AG100), there were no decreases of more than twice the MIC, whilst in strain AG100A, an efflux pump-deficient strain, the MIC did not change, regardless of the concentration of NMP used with these three antimicrobials. Thus, ampicillin was not affected by the efflux pump mechanism, whereas ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and florfenicol were shown to be substrates of efflux pumps, with a consequent significant reduction in MICs. Resistance could not be completely reversed in the E. coli field strains by NMP, probably because other resistance mechanisms were also present. However, in strain AG112, the MIC results demonstrated that NMP expressed an important synergistic activity with florfenicol. The reduction in florfenicol MIC value was sufficient to reverse antimicrobial resistance completely for AG112.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Marchetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Ciencias Veterrinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 CC 296, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Errecalde
- Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Ciencias Veterrinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 CC 296, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Mestorino
- Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Ciencias Veterrinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 CC 296, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lucas MF, Errecalde JO, Mestorino N. Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in lactating dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 33:132-40. [PMID: 20444037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin is a time-dependent antimicrobial with long persistence. The main characteristics of azithromycin suggest that it could be useful for treating bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. To investigate this possibility, its pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior was studied. Six Holstein lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were administered two 10 mg/kg intramuscular (i.m.) doses of azithromycin, with a 48-h interval. Milk and plasma concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The MIC(90) was determined in 51 S. aureus isolations to calculate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters. Milk maximal concentration (C(max)) was 7.76 +/- 1.76 microg/mL (16.67 h post-first administration) and 7.82 +/- 2.18 microg/mL (14 h post-2(nd) administration). In plasma C(max) was 0.18 +/- 0.03 microg/mL (2 h post-1(rst) administration) and 0.11 +/- 0.03 microg/mL (14 h post-2(nd) administration). Azithromycin was eliminated from the milk with a half-life (T(1/2)lambda) of 158.26 +/- 137.7 h after 2(nd) administration, meanwhile plasma T(1/2)lambda resulted shorter(13.97 +/- 11.1 h). The mean area under the concentration vs. time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24h)) was 153.82 +/- 34.66 microg.h/mL in milk secretion and 2.61 +/- 0.59 microgxh/mL in plasma. Infection presence in the quarters had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the area under the concentration vs. time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) and clearance from the mammary gland (Cl(mam)/F). Moreover, it had influence on milk bioavailability (F(milk)), T(1/2)lambda, AUC(0-infinity) and mean residence time (MRT) in milk, which values resulted increased in mastitic quarters. In this study, it was determined that the production level and the mammary health status have an influence on PK parameters of azithromycin treatments in bovine mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Lucas
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The disposition of enrofloxacin in sheep was investigated after single-dose intravenous administration of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein at predetermined times after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were simultaneously determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The data collected were subjected to non-compartmental and compartmental kinetic analysis. Statistical model theory was used to determine non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters. Disposition of enrofloxacin was described by a three-compartment open model with elimination from the central compartment following intravascular administration. The elimination half-life, the volume of distribution, and the area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC) were 4.31 h, 1.10 l/kg and 9.24 microg x h/ml, respectively. Enrofloxacin was metabolised to ciprofloxacin and the ratio between the AUCs of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin was 0.26 after intravenous administration. With predictive models of efficacy (maximum plasma concentrations/minimum inhibitory concentrations [Cmax/MIC] and AUC/MIC ratios in plasma) for most of the sheep pathogen microorganisms, enrofloxacin produced scores higher than 15 and 50, respectively. After intravenous administration atthe dose of 2.5 mg/kg, enrofloxacin achieved concentrations several times above the MIC for major pathogen bacteria in plasma, and it may prove useful in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Otero
- Cátedra de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805, S3080HOF, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mestorino N, Mariño Hernández E, Marchetti L, Errecalde JO. Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of an oxytetracycline/diclofenac combination in cattle. REV SCI TECH OIE 2007; 26:679-690. [PMID: 18293616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Eight male cattle were given a combined dose containing 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 0.5 mg/kg diclofenac intramuscularly. Blood samples were drawn at different times until 168 h after administration. Two experimental animals were slaughtered by humane means at weekly intervals up to 28 days after administration. Samples of muscle, injection zone tissue, liver, kidney and fat were obtained. Oxytetracycline and diclofenac concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Kinetic analysis was performed by linear regression using the CSTRIP programme. Plasma oxytetracycline concentration showed a maximum (Cmax) of 3.89 +/- 1.48 microg/ml and a prolonged elimination half-life (T1/2beta: 47.73 +/- 18.33 h). The diclofenac plasma profile showed high Cmax (577.62 +/- 238.40 ng/ml), and its T1/2beta was also prolonged (30.48 +/- 9.42 h). Oxytetracycline concentrations were measurable in liver and adipose tissue until day 21 after administration, but all tissue samples were negative for diclofenac at 21 days. The long elimination half-life of diclofenac was an unexpected finding; its T1/2beta in humans is 1.1 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mestorino
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotecnia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 296, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernandez C, Modamio P, Mestorino N, Errecalde JO, Mariño EL. Pharmacokinetics of sodium and trihydrate amoxicillin in sheep after intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:263-6. [PMID: 17472659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Fernandez
- Unidad de Farmacia Clínica y Farmacoterapia, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mestorino N, Formentini EA, Lucas MF, Fernandez C, Modamio P, Hernández EM, Errecalde JO. Pharmacokinetic disposition of triclabendazole in cattle and sheep; discrimination of the order and the rate of the absorption process of its active metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide. Vet Res Commun 2007; 32:21-33. [PMID: 17457687 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-9000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A comparative pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the order and the rate of absorption of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in cattle and sheep. A commercial suspension of TCBZ (Biofasiolex, Biogénesis S.A., Argentina) was administered at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg by the oral route to six Holstein female calves and six Corriedale female sheep. The plasma concentration profiles of the metabolites triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) and triclabendazole sulfone (TCBZ-SO(2)) were analysed by means of the non-compartmental method. The order of the absorption process of the active metabolite, TCBZ-SO, was determined by construction of curves of cumulative absorbed fraction of the drug by means of the Wagner-Nelson method. The appearance of TCBZ-SO in plasma of cattle and sheep resembles the entry of a constant quantity of drug into the organism per unit time. This is explained by the reservoir effect of the rumen, which acts as a biological slow-release system for TCBZ-SO and its precursor TCBZ to the posterior digestive tract where they are absorbed. The plasma concentration profiles of TCBZ-SO in both species were well described by a one-compartment open model with zero-order process of absorption and first-order process of elimination. The values of AUC(0-infinity) and C(max) of TCBZ-SO did not differ between species, while other kinetic parameters except for lambda(z) had higher values in calves than in sheep. In the case of TCBZ-SO(2), t(max) was the only parameter that did not differ between species, while other kinetic parameters except for lambda(z) had higher values in calves than in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mestorino
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotécnia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Formentini EA, Mestorino N, Errecalde JO. Pharmacokinetics of ricobendazole after its intravenous, intraruminal and subcutaneous administration in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2006; 29:595-608. [PMID: 16142607 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-3304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ricobendazole (RBZ) was administered in sheep at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg by intravenous (i.v.) route as a 10% experimental solution, by the intraruminal (i.r.) route as a 10% experimental suspension, and by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route as a 10% commercial formulation available in Argentina. Blood samples were drawn during a 60 h period. Plasma concentrations of RBZ and its inactive metabolite albendazole sulphone (ABZSO2) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by compartmental analysis. The fitting of the data was done by weighted least-squares non-linear regression analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for every animal by simultaneous fitting of the plasma concentrations profiles of RBZ obtained after its administration by the three routes. The kinetic analysis of ABZSO2 was performed by a statistical moment approach. Ricobendazole bioavailability was poor after i.r. administration, whereas high and sustained plasma concentrations and higher bioavailability were obtained after s.c. administration. A simple two-compartment open model explains in a mechanical sense the pharmacokinetic behaviour of RBZ in sheep and allows us to estimate the real first-order constant rate of absorption and the loss of drug from the absorption site after its administration by s.c. and i.r. routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Formentini
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, RP Kreder 2805, Esperanza (3080), Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Formentini E, Mestorino N, Pesoa J, Lucas M, Reggiardo E, Marti Diaz M, Reutemann S, Errecalde J. Estudio Farmacocinético Comparativo de Triclabendazole en Bovinos y Ovinos. FAVE Cs Vet 2005. [DOI: 10.14409/favecv.v3i1/2.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
23
|
Mestorino N, Turic E, Pesoa J, Echeverría J, Errecalde JO. Pharmacokinetics in plasma of ivermectin after its oral (solution and tablets) administration to sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2003; 26:307-9. [PMID: 12887615 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Mestorino
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotecnia y Terapéutica. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. cc 296. 1900. La Plata. Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Echeverría J, Mestorino N, Errecalde JO. Comparative pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after its subcutaneous administration in healthy sheep and sheep infected with mange. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002; 25:159-60. [PMID: 12000537 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Echeverría
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotecnia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Echeverría
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotecnia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 296 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The serum and synovial pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin (AMX) were studied after i.v. administration at a dosage of 40 mg/kg to normal horses and horses with induced aseptic carpal arthritis. The best estimates of serum and synovial pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by mono or bivariable non-linear regression analysis. A biexponential equation was used to describe the concentration vs. time profiles in both normal and arthritic horses. There were no serum kinetic differences between normal and arthritic horses. There were, however, major synovial kinetic changes between these groups. The rate of penetration from serum to synovial fluid was larger in arthritic animals, indicating better penetration in this case. On the other hand, the rate of disappearance from synovial fluid was larger in normal horses, indicating more persistence of the drug in the diseased joint. Synovial AMX availability increased from 21% in normal horses to 79% in arthritic horses. These findings support the use of AMX for the treatment of infectious synovial joint disease produced by susceptible organisms in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Errecalde
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. cc 296. 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Errecalde JO, Mestorino N, Mariño EL. The effects of the method of calculation on the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline after intravenous administration to calves. Vet Res Commun 1997; 21:273-81. [PMID: 9151411 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005890926626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the differences in the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters attributable to the use of either linear or nonlinear regression analysis and to find the effect of weighting schemes on these differences. Six calves received 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline i.v. Blood samples were drawn during 72 h. The assay of the drug was performed microbiologically. A bicompartmental pharmacokinetic model was used, kinetic analysis being carried out by linear regression (LR) and by weighted least-squares nonlinear regression (WLSNLR). Statistical analysis included a test for normality, the Kruskall-Wallis test and ANOVA with log transformation. The A0, alpha and B0 did not show any statistically significant differences attributable to the mathematical method used. On the other hand, the statistically significant differences in the beta values found using the Kruskall-Wallis test and ANOVA with log transformation could be attributed to the different methods employed. ANOVA with log transformation determined statistically significant differences between the parameters obtained by linear analysis and those obtained by WLSNLR when the weighting (w) was 1. When weights were 1/x, 1/x2 or 1/square root of x, no statistically significant differences were found. The optimal weighting scheme was w = 1/x2 because of a more homogeneous scatter and random distribution of residuals about the abcissa axis in a plot of weighted residuals in the ordinate versus time in the abcissa. It was concluded that the use of these different procedures can give major variations in the apparent value of beta, the most important pharmacokinetic parameter. The correct selection of the weighting procedure is therefore fundamental in obtaining the best estimate of this pharmacokinetic parameter in WLSNLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Errecalde
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- A L Soraci
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotecnia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t1/2 alpha) and elimination (t1/2 beta) half-lives of 6.10 +/- 1.39 min and 1.60 +/- 0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9 +/- 0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79 +/- 256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89 +/- 11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62 +/- 1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09 +/- 3.42 micrograms/ml at 2.5 +/- 0.32 h. After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2 +/- 0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02 +/- 1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90 +/- 5.24 micrograms/ml at 23 +/- 8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59 +/- 6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91 +/- 4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37 +/- 2.20 micrograms/ml at 3.4 +/- 0.22 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mestorino
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Farmacotecnia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|