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Yang X, Xia L, Shen C, Li J, Dong X, Liu J. Curcumin alleviates heatstroke-induced liver injury in dry-heat environments by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1 in rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309598. [PMID: 39240880 PMCID: PMC11379272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
we aimed to monitor liver injury in rat model during heat stress and heatstroke in dry-heat environment and investigate the effects of curcumin on heatstroke-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline (NS), and 50 (50-cur), 100 (100-cur), and 200 mg/kg curcumin (200-cur) groups. They were administered the indicated doses of curcumin by gavage once daily for 7 days. On day 8, the rats were transferred to a simulated climate cabin, At 0, 50, 100, and 150 min, the core temperature (Tc) was measured respectively. After sacrificing the rats, tissue samples were collected, measure histology indices, serum enzymes, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The Tc increased with time in all groups. Curcumin alleviation of symptoms and improvement in pathological scores. The level of enzymes, LPS, and cytokines increased during heatstroke in the NS group, but curcumin decreased the levels of these indicators. The differences of the indicators between NS and 200-cur groups at 150 min were significant (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and ICAM-1 was upregulated in the NS group at 150 min, but their expression was relatively lower in the curcumin groups (P < 0.05). Thus, our findings indicate acute liver injury during heat stress and heatstroke. The mechanism involves cascade-amplification inflammatory response induced by the gut endotoxin. Furthermore, curcumin alleviated heatstroke-induced liver injury in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caifu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
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Yashmi F, Fakhri S, Shiri Varnamkhasti B, Amin MN, Khirehgesh MR, Mohammadi-Noori E, Hosseini M, Khan H. Defining the mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective properties of curcumin. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2331-2351. [PMID: 38837048 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
As a critical cause of human dysfunctionality, hepatic failure leads to approximately two million deaths per year and is on the rise. Considering multiple inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic mechanisms behind hepatotoxicity, it urges the need for finding novel multi-targeting agents. Curcumin is a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles. Curcumin possesses auspicious health benefits and protects against several diseases with exceptional safety and tolerability. This review focused on the hepatoprotective mechanisms of curcumin. The need to develop novel delivery systems of curcumin (e.g., nanoparticles, self-micro emulsifying, lipid-based colloids, solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrin inclusion, phospholipid complexes, and nanoemulsions) is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinam Yashmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Behrang Shiri Varnamkhasti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammed Namiq Amin
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khirehgesh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hosseini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Saif-Elnasr M, Samy EM, Abdel-Khalek AF. Cerium oxide nanoparticles display antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects on gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4092. [PMID: 38978266 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Throughout radiotherapy, radiation of the hepatic tissue leads to damage of the hepatocytes. We designed the current study to examine how cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) modulate gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals received CONPs (15 mg/kg body weight [BW], ip) single daily dose for 14 days, and they were exposed on the seventh day to a single dose of gamma radiation (6 Gy). Results showed that irradiation increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Furthermore, it elevated oxidative stress biomarker; malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in hepatic tissues homogenate. Additionally, hepatic apoptotic markers; caspase-3 (Casp-3) and Casp-9 were elevated and the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene level was decreased in rats exposed to radiation dose. We observed that CONPs can modulate these changes, where CONPs reduced liver enzyme activities, MDA, and apoptotic markers levels, in addition, it elevated antioxidant enzyme activities and Bcl-2 gene levels, as well as improved histopathological changes in the irradiated animals. So our results concluded that CONPs had the ability to act as radioprotector defense against hepatotoxicity resulted during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saif-Elnasr
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Samy
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Assmaa Fathi Abdel-Khalek
- Internal Medicine Unit, Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Feng Y, Liu J, Gong L, Han Z, Zhang Y, Li R, Liao H. Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) against HFD/STZ-induced glucolipid metabolism disorders and abnormal renal functions by regulating NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:619-631. [PMID: 39059831 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Our prior investigations have established that Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) possesses hypoglycemic effects. Persistent hyperglycemia is known to precipitate renal function abnormalities. The functionality of the kidneys is intricately linked to the levels of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), which are influenced by the activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and phosphodiesterase (PDE). Enhanced cGMP levels can be achieved either through the upregulation of NOS activity or the downregulation of PDE activity. The objective of the current study is to elucidate the effects of Chaga on disorders of glucolipid metabolism and renal abnormalities in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while concurrently examining the NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway. A model of T2DM was developed in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) administration, followed by treatment with Chaga extracts at doses of 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 for eight weeks. The findings revealed that Chaga not only mitigated metabolic dysfunctions, evidenced by improvements in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance, but also ameliorated renal function markers, including serum creatinine, urine creatinine (UCr), blood urea nitrogen, 24-h urinary protein, and estimated creatinine clearance. Additionally, enhancements in glomerular volume, GBM thickness, podocyte foot process width (FPW), and the mRNA and protein expressions of podocyte markers, such as nephrin and wilms tumor-1, were observed. Chaga was found to elevate cGMP levels in both serum and kidney tissues by increasing mRNA and protein expressions of renal endothelial NOS and neural NOS, while simultaneously reducing the expressions of renal inducible NOS and PDE5. In summary, Chaga counteracts HFD/STZ-induced glucolipid metabolism and renal function disturbances by modulating the NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway. This research supports the potential application of Chaga in the clinical prevention and treatment of T2DM and diabetic nephropathy (DN), with cGMP serving as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Le Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhaodi Han
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan 030012, China.
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Li W, Lu X, Jiang L, Wang X. Radioprotective effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone modified selenium nanoparticles and its antioxidation mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1392339. [PMID: 38962664 PMCID: PMC11220155 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1392339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a commonly used biomedical polymer material with good water solubility, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and low toxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant mechanism and clinical potential of PVP modified selenium nanoparticles (PVP-Se NPs) as a new radioprotective agent. Methods A laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize PVP-Se nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to evaluate the radiation protective effects of PVP-Se NPs. SD rats were employed as an in vivo model to identify the most effective concentration of PVP-Se NPs and assess their potential radioprotective properties. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat liver and kidney tissues. Results PVP-Se NPs could reduce the oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response caused by X-ray irradiation in HUVECs and rats, and inhibit cell apoptosis by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PVP-Se NPs could increase HUVECs viability, reduce apoptosis, inhibit inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, improve the survival rate of rats, promote antioxidant enzyme activities in cells and rats, reduce malondialdehyde concentration in serum, and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in cell supernatant and liver and kidney tissues. PVP-Se NPs could significantly reduce the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and MAPK pathway-associated proteins in HUVECs and rat liver and kidney tissues (p < 0.05). Conclusion PVP-Se NPs can protect against radiation-induced oxidative damage by modulating NF-kB and MAPK pathways, providing a theoretical basis and experimental data for their use as an effective radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Hengyang, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xianzhou Lu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liangjun Jiang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiangjiang Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Hengyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Safety Operation Technology and Equipment for Nuclear Facilities, Hengyang, China
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Astaneh ME, Noori F, Fereydouni N. Curcumin-loaded scaffolds in bone regeneration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32566. [PMID: 38961905 PMCID: PMC11219509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the development of engineered bone scaffolds intended for the repair of bone defects. While autografts and allografts have traditionally served as the primary methods in bone tissue engineering, their inherent limitations have spurred the exploration of novel avenues in biomedical implant development. The emergence of bone scaffolds not only facilitates bone reconstruction but also offers a platform for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. There exists a pervasive interest in leveraging various drugs, proteins, growth factors, and biomolecules with osteogenic properties to augment bone formation, as the enduring side effects associated with current clinical modalities necessitate the pursuit of safer alternatives. Curcumin, the principal bioactive compound found in turmeric, has demonstrated notable efficacy in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells while promoting bone formation. Nevertheless, its utility is hindered by restricted water solubility and poor bioavailability. Strategies aimed at enhancing the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of curcumin, including formulation techniques such as liposomes and nanoparticles or its complexation with metals, have been explored. This investigation is dedicated to exploring the impact of curcumin on the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahim Astaneh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fariba Noori
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Narges Fereydouni
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Gu H, Liu S, Liang K, Xia Z, Zhang G, Li B, Liu S. Design and Synthesis of Dimethylaminomethyl-Substituted Curcumin Derivatives: Potent Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Radioprotection Activity, Improved Aqueous Solubility Compared with Curcumin. Molecules 2024; 29:1985. [PMID: 38731476 PMCID: PMC11085442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the wide variety of bioactivities of curcumin has been reported by researchers, the clinical application of curcumin is still limited due to its poor aqueous solubility. In view of this, a series of dimethylaminomethyl-substituted curcumin derivatives were designed and synthesized (compounds 1-15). Acetate of these derivatives were prepared (compounds 1a-15a). The Mannich reaction and aldol condensation reaction are the main reactions involved in this study. Compounds 6, 10, 12, 3a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, and 15a exhibited better in vitro anti-inflammatory activity compared to curcumin in the RAW264.7 cell line. Compounds 5, 1a, 5a, 8a, and 12a exhibited better in vitro antioxidant activity compared to curcumin in the PC 12 cell line. Compounds 11, 13, 5a, 7a, and 13a exhibited better in vitro radiation protection compared to curcumin in the PC 12 cell line. The aqueous solubilities of all the curcumin derivative acetates were greatly improved compared to curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sifan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziming Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.L.); (K.L.); (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
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Yang X, Zheng H, Niu J, Chen X, Li H, Rao Z, Guo Y, Zhang W, Wang Z. Curcumin alleviates zearalenone-induced liver injury in mice by scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116343. [PMID: 38657456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a compound extracted from turmeric that has a variety of functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. As an estrogen-like mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN) not only attacks the reproductive system, but also has toxic effects on the liver. However, whether CUR can alleviate ZEN-induced liver injury remains unclear. This paper aims to investigate the protective effect of CUR against ZEN-induced liver injury in mice and explore the molecular mechanism involved. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control (CON) group, CUR group (200 mg/kg b. w. CUR), ZEN group (40 mg/kg b. w. ZEN) and CUR+ZEN group (200 mg/kg b. w. CUR+40 mg/kg b. w. ZEN). 28 d after ZEN exposure and CUR treatment, blood and liver samples were collected for subsequent testing. The results showed that CUR reversed ZEN-induced hepatocyte swelling and necrosis in mice. It significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in mice (p < 0.05). In addition, CUR significantly reduced hepatic ROS, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis levels in mice (p < 0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that CUR significantly reduced the expression of Bax and Caspase3, and reversed the increase of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression in the liver of mice induced by ZEN (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CUR alleviated ZEN-induced liver injury in mice by scavenging ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Junlong Niu
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhiyong Rao
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Animal Nutrition Control Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China.
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Lashgari NA, Khayatan D, Roudsari NM, Momtaz S, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Therapeutic approaches for cholestatic liver diseases: the role of nitric oxide pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1433-1454. [PMID: 37736835 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis describes bile secretion or flow impairment, which is clinically manifested with fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice. Neutrophils play a crucial role in many diseases such as cholestasis liver diseases through mediating several oxidative and inflammatory pathways. Data have been collected from clinical, in vitro, and in vivo studies published between 2000 and December 2021 in English and obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries. Although nitric oxide plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases, excessive levels of NO in serum and affected tissues, mainly synthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme, can exacerbate inflammation. NO induces the inflammatory and oxidative processes, which finally leads to cell damage. We found that natural products such as baicalin, curcumin, resveratrol, and lycopene, as well as chemical likes ursodeoxycholic acid, dexamethasone, rosuvastatin, melatonin, and sildenafil, are able to markedly attenuate the NO production and iNOS expression, mainly through inducing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling pathways. This study summarizes the latest scientific data about the bile acid signaling pathway, the neutrophil chemotaxis recruitment process during cholestasis, and the role of NO in cholestasis liver diseases. Literature review directed us to propose that suppression of NO and its related pathways could be a therapeutic option for preventing or treating cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Yang X, Dong X, Li J, Zheng A, Shi W, Shen C, Liu J. Nanocurcumin attenuates pyroptosis and inflammation through inhibiting NF-κB/GSDMD signal in high altitude-associated acute liver injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23606. [PMID: 38050447 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitudes can lead to liver injury, and mounting evidence indicates that pyroptosis and inflammation play important roles in liver injury. Curcumin (Cur) can inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation. Therefore, our purpose here was to clarify the mechanism underlying the protective effect of nanocurcumin (Ncur) and Cur in a rat model of high altitude-associated acute liver injury. Eighty healthy rats were selected and exposed to different altitudes (6000 or 7000 m) for 0, 24, 48, or 72 h. Fifty normal healthy rats were divided into normal control, high-altitude control, salidroside (40 mg/kg [Sal-40]), Cur (200 mg/kg [Cur-200]), and Ncur (25 mg/kg [Ncur-25]) groups and exposed to a high-altitude hypobaric hypoxic environment (48 h, 7000 m). Serum-liver enzyme activities (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were detected and histopathology of liver injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and inflammatory factors were detected in liver tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pyroptosis-associated proteins (gasdermin D, gasdermin D N-terminal [GSDMD-N], pro-Caspase-1, and cleaved-Caspase-1 [cleaved-Casp1]) and inflammation-associated proteins (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], phospho-NF-κB [P-NF-κB], and high-mobility group protein B1 [HMGB1]) levels were analyzed by immunoblotting. Ncur and Cur inhibited increased serum-liver enzyme activities, alleviated liver injury in rats caused by high-altitude hypobaric hypoxic exposure, and downregulated inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, in rat liver tissues. The level of P-NF-κB, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Casp1, and HMGB1 in rat liver tissues increased significantly after high-altitude exposure. Ncur and Cur downregulated P-NF-κB, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Casp-1, and HMGB1. Ncur and Cur may inhibit inflammatory responses and pyroptosis in a rat model of high altitude-associated acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjang Military Command, Urumqi, China
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Caifu Shen
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Wu F, Yang X, Wang F, Liu Y, Han S, Liu S, Zhang Z, Chen B. Dietary curcumin supplementation alleviates diquat-induced oxidative stress in the liver of broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103132. [PMID: 37826902 PMCID: PMC10571021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study purposed to investigate the alleviating effect of dietary curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress in the liver of broilers induced by diquat. One-day-old Cobb broilers (400) were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 8 replicates and 10 broilers per replicate. The control group and the diquat group were fed the basal diet, while the curcumin supplementation groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with different amounts of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). On d 21 of the test, 1 broiler was randomly selected from each replicate and intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/mL of diquat solution at a dose of 1 mL/kg BW or equivalent physiological saline (for the control group). After 48 h of feeding, the selected broilers were slaughtered for analysis. The results show that diquat treatment reduced the antioxidant capacity of the liver, caused oxidative stress, and affected its lipid metabolism. However, diet supplementation using curcumin completely or partially reversed the effect of diquat on the liver of broilers. The blood alanine aminotransferase activity, total bilirubin and total protein levels, and liver Caspase-3 mRNA abundance in broilers were lower or significantly lower in the curcumin supplementation group than in the diquat group (P < 0.05). The curcumin supplementation groups had significantly higher total antioxidant capacity activity but significantly lower malondialdehyde in the liver of broilers than the diquat group (P < 0.05). The blood triglyceride level of broilers was lower or significantly lower in the curcumin supplementation groups than in the diquat group (P < 0.05). The activities of cetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in the liver were significantly lower in the 150 mg/kg curcumin supplementation groups than in the DQ group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary curcumin supplementation could ameliorate the effects of diquat-induced oxidative stress on the antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology, and lipid metabolism of the liver of broilers, thus protecting the liver. The recommended dosage for broiler diets is 100 to 150 mg/kg curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuaijuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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12
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Yu Z, Xu C, Song B, Zhang S, Chen C, Li C, Zhang S. Tissue fibrosis induced by radiotherapy: current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic advances. J Transl Med 2023; 21:708. [PMID: 37814303 PMCID: PMC10563272 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chaoyu Xu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221200, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China.
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13
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Cengiz M, Gür B, Sezer CV, Cengiz BP, Gür F, Bayrakdar A, Ayhancı A. Alternations in interleukin-1β and nuclear factor kappa beta activity (NF-kB) in rat liver due to the co-exposure of Cadmium and Arsenic: Protective role of curcumin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104218. [PMID: 37451528 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium chloride (Cd) and sodium arsenite (As) are two prominent examples of non-biodegradable substances that accumulate in ecosystems, pose a serious risk to human health and are not biodegradable. Although the toxicity caused by individual use of Cd and As is known, the toxicity of combined use (Cd+As) to mammals is poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin (CUR), a naturally occurring bioactive component isolated from the root stem of Curcuma longa Linn., in preventing liver damage caused by a Cd+As mixture. A group of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intraperitoneal administration of Cd+As (0.44 mg/kg+5.55 mg/kg i.p.) and CUR (100 or 200 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days. The experimental results showed that the animals treated with Cd+As exhibited changes in liver biochemical parameters, inflammation and oxidative stress at the end of the experiment. Administration of CUR significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the Cd+As plus CUR groups compared to the Cd+As group. Furthermore, histological examination of the liver tissue showed that administration of CUR had led to a significant reduction in the liver damage observed in the Cd+As group. The present study provides scientific evidence for the protective effects of CUR against lipid peroxidation, inflammation, oxidative stress and liver damage induced by Cd+As in the liver of rats. The results of our in vivo experiments were confirmed by those of our molecular modelling studies, which showed that CUR can enhance the diminished antioxidant capacity caused by Cd+As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cengiz
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Bahri Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey.
| | - Canan Vejselova Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Peker Cengiz
- Department of Pathology, Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gür
- Department of Dental Prosthesis Technology, Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Bayrakdar
- Vocational School of Higher Education for Healthcare Services, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ayhancı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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14
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Wang X, Tian Y, Lin H, Cao X, Zhang Z. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220618. [PMID: 37333486 PMCID: PMC10276545 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the most abundant derivative of turmeric rhizome. Although studies have proved that curcumin could inhibit the growth of tumors, its specific molecular mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to systematically elaborate the mechanisms of curcumin against hepatocellular carcinoma. The anti-tumor effect of curcumin was determined by the cell viability test. Flow cytometry was applied to examine the cell cycle and the apoptosis of cancer cells, and the cancer cell migration was detected by wound healing experiments. The expressions of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in cancer cells were examined by immunostaining and analyzed by the Image J analysis system. After treatment with curcumin, the apoptosis ratio of HepG2 cells increased significantly (P < 0.05). The proliferation of cancer cells was arrested at the S-phase cell cycle, and the migration of cancer cells was inhibited by the increasing concentration of curcumin, together with the decreasing expressions of STAT3, VEGF, and HIF-1α signaling pathways. The results indicate that curcumin could effectively inhibit the growth and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, blocking the cancer cell cycle in the S phase, and reducing the expression of STAT3, VEGF, and HIF-1α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanping Lin
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolan Cao
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
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15
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Zhu Y, Zhou X, Ling N, Yu Q, Wang H, Du Q. The Effect of Guisangyou Tea on Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112171. [PMID: 37297416 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Guisangyou tea (GSY tea) in improving abnormal lipid metabolism in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that intervention of the water extract of GSY tea (WE) decreased serum levels of lipids, and positively regulated the related antioxidant enzyme activities and the inflammatory factors in the serum and liver. In the liver, the mRNA and protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to lipid synthesis were downregulated, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) related to bile acid production were upregulated. The results demonstrate that GSY tea can improve abnormal lipid metabolism in obese mice by improving the body's antioxidant capacity, regulating the inflammatory state, and reducing the synthesis of lipids and increasing the production of bile acids. GSY tea can be processed and utilized as a safe and effective resource for improving abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- College of Food and Health Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xianghui Zhou
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Nan Ling
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Qiming Yu
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- College of Food and Health Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qizhen Du
- College of Food and Health Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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16
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Barreca MM, Alessandro R, Corrado C. Effects of Flavonoids on Cancer, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119236. [PMID: 37298188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemical compounds found in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves. They have a multitude of medicinal applications due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic properties. Furthermore, they also have neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. Their biological properties depend on the chemical structure of flavonoids, their mechanism of action, and their bioavailability. The beneficial effects of flavonoids have been proven for a variety of diseases. In the last few years, it is demonstrated that the effects of flavonoids are mediated by inhibiting the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor-κB) pathway. In this review, we have summarized the effects of some flavonoids on the most common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we collected all recent studies describing the protective and prevention role of flavonoids derived from plants by specifically focusing their action on the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Corrado
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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17
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Yalcin B, Yay AH, Tan FC, Özdamar S, Yildiz OG. Investigation of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin on experimental liver damage by radiation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154477. [PMID: 37148837 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the inevitable treatment approaches for several types of cancer. We aimed to show the protective and therapeutic effects of daily use of melatonin on liver tissues subjected to a single dose of 10 Gy (gamma-ray) total body radiation. Rats were divided into 6 groups, of which 10 were in each: control, sham, melatonin, radiation, radiation+melatonin, and melatonin+radiation. The rats received 10 Gy of external radiation throughout their entire bodies. The rats were given 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin intraperitoneally before or after radiation treatment, depending on the group. Histological methods, immunohistochemical analysis (Caspase-3, Sirtuin-1, α-SMA, NFΚB-p65), biochemical analysis by ELİSA (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, MDA, TNF-α, TGF-β, PDGF, PGC-1α) and the Comet assay as a marker of DNA damage were applied to the liver tissues. Histopathological examinations showed structural changes in the liver tissue of the radiation group. Radiation treatment increased the immunoreactivity of Caspase-3, Sirtuin-1 and α-SMA, but these effects were relatively attenuated in the melatonin-treated groups. The melatonin+radiation group had statistically significant results close to those of the control group, in terms of Caspase-3, NFΚB-p65 and Sirtuin-1 immunoreactivity. In melatonin treated groups, hepatic biochemical markers, MDA, SOD, TNF-α, TGF-β levels, and DNA damage parameters were decreased. Administration of melatonin before and after radiation has beneficial effects, but using it before radiation may be more efficient. Accordingly, daily melatonin usage could mitigate ionizing radiation induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Yalcin
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fazile Cantürk Tan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saim Özdamar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Galip Yildiz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
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18
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Prades-Sagarra È, Yaromina A, Dubois LJ. Polyphenols as Potential Protectors against Radiation-Induced Adverse Effects in Patients with Thoracic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092412. [PMID: 37173877 PMCID: PMC10177176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard treatment approaches used against thoracic cancers, occasionally combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. However, these cancers are often not highly sensitive to standard of care treatments, making the use of high dose radiotherapy necessary, which is linked with high rates of radiation-induced adverse effects in healthy tissues of the thorax. These tissues remain therefore dose-limiting factors in radiation oncology despite recent technological advances in treatment planning and delivery of irradiation. Polyphenols are metabolites found in plants that have been suggested to improve the therapeutic window by sensitizing the tumor to radiotherapy, while simultaneously protecting normal cells from therapy-induced damage by preventing DNA damage, as well as having anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. This review focuses on the radioprotective effect of polyphenols and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in the normal tissue, especially in the lung, heart and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Prades-Sagarra
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Zhou YJ, Tang Y, Liu SJ, Zeng PH, Qu L, Jing QC, Yin WJ. Radiation-induced liver disease: beyond DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:506-526. [PMID: 36214587 PMCID: PMC9928481 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2131163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), also known as radiation hepatitis, is a serious side effect of radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapeutic dose of RT can damage normal liver tissue, and the toxicity that accumulates around the irradiated liver tissue is related to numerous physiological and pathological processes. RILD may restrict treatment use or eventually deteriorate into liver fibrosis. However, the research on the mechanism of radiation-induced liver injury has seen little progress compared with that on radiation injury in other tissues, and no targeted clinical pharmacological treatment for RILD exists. The DNA damage response caused by ionizing radiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of RILD. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in RILD. Such an analysis is essential for preventing the occurrence and development of RILD and further exploring the potential treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Si Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Cheng Jing
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Qiu J, Fang Y, Xiao S, Zeng F. AP2a-Mediated Upregulation of miR-125a-5p Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury via BRD4/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Radiat Res 2023; 199:148-160. [PMID: 36469904 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00107.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used to restrain tumor progression, but it is always accompanied by damage to healthy tissues. We aimed to probe the impact and mechanism of activator protein 2a (AP2a) and miR-125a-5p in radiation-induced oxidative stress injury. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with X rays to induce radiation injury in vitro. Cell viability was measured using MTT assays. Flow cytometry assay was employed to detect the apoptosis rate. Oxidative stress markers were evaluated by detection kits. Gene or protein levels were determined by RT-qPCR or Western blotting. Validation of the interaction of miR-125a-5p with BRD4 and AP2a was conducted by dual luciferase assay or ChIP. MiR-125a-5p and AP2a were decreased in irradiated HUVECs, whereas BRD4 was increased. MiR-125a-5p overexpression or BRD4 silencing alleviated the cell viability decline, apoptosis, and oxidative stress injury caused by radiation treatment. MiR-125a-5p repressed the BRD4 level. The protective effects of miR-125a-5p overexpression in the radiation-induced oxidative injury were impeded by BRD4 overexpression. Moreover, AP2a bound to the promoter of miR-125a-5p. MiR-125a-5p inhibition reversed the effects of AP2a overexpression on radiational oxidative injury by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. AP2a transcriptionally activated miR-125a-5p ameliorated oxidative stress injury of HUVECs caused by radiation through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- The Second Tumor Ward, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410016, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shengyi Xiao
- The Second Tumor Ward, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410016, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Furen Zeng
- The Second Tumor Ward, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410016, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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21
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Sobeh EI, El-Ghannam G, Korany RMS, Saleh HM, Elfeky SA. Curcumin-loaded hydroxyapatite nanocomposite as a novel biocompatible shield for male Wistar rats from γ-irradiation hazard. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 370:110328. [PMID: 36549637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is well known for its extraordinary benefits as an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing agent. However, nano-formulation could maintain and regulate its pharmacological effect. Herein, we report the preparation of CUR/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite (CUR/HA NC) and its application in the protection of male Wistar rats from γ-irradiation carcinogenic consequences. TEM images of the nanocrystalline HA nanoparticles (NPs) had a rod-like form with average dimensions of 40±5 nm in length and 10 ± 5 nm in width. XRD analysis illustrated the formation of a single phase of hexagonal crystalline HA NPs. The presence of the CUR fingerprint is visible in its FTIR spectra of the CUR/HA NC. Biochemical analysis and histological examinations revealed that CUR/HA NC injection does not significantly affect non-irradiation rats compared to the control. However, when injected pre-irradiation, it controls the pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6) GSH level, kidney, and liver functions as proved by biochemical histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. This research introduces a novel effective protection modality for the γ-irradiation hazard via biocompatible CUR/HA NC injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Sobeh
- Biological Applications Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Ghannam
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda M S Korany
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - H M Saleh
- Biological Applications Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Souad A Elfeky
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
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22
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Damayanti IP, Susilaningsih N, Nugroho T, Suhartono S, Suryono S, Susanto H, Suwondo A, Mahati E. The Effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Paracetamol-induced Liver Injury in Male Wistar Rats. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:493-503. [PMID: 37264664 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230601105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin is a naturally occurring compound that has antioxidant properties, acts as a hepatoprotective, and lowers lipid peroxidation. However, curcumin's low solubility and bioavailability are its primary drawbacks and prevent its use as a therapeutic agent. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles will be created using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and their effectiveness against paracetamol-induced changes in ALT, AST, SOD, MDA, and TNF-α will be compared to that of pure curcumin. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin nanoparticles in paracetamol- induced rats as a model for liver injury. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 6 to 8 weeks, with a minimum weight of 120 grams, were used in an experimental laboratory investigation with a post-test-only group design. Rats in each group received 100 mg/kgBW pure curcumin, 100 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles, and 50 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles for 7 days before paracetamol induction. On day 8, 300 mg/kgBW of paracetamol was intraperitoneally injected to cause liver damage. One of the groups received NAC as an antidote 10 hours after paracetamol induction. Detection of ALT and AST using a Chemistry Analyzer. ELISA approach for the detection of SOD, MDA, and TNF-α. The Roenigk score was calculated by two examiners after the liver histopathology preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Post hoc analyses were performed after the One Way Annova and Kruskal Wallis tests to examine the data. RESULTS According to PSA results, the smallest formula that formed curcumin nanoparticles (10.2 nm) was 8 g of curcumin formula mixed with a mixture of Tween 20 4.5 ml, Kolliphor EL 1.5 ml, Propylene Glycol 1.5 ml, and Capryol 90 1 ml for 21 minutes using an ultrasonic process. MDA and TNF-α levels, as well as the liver's histological Roenigk score, were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB pure curcumin group (C100) when compared to the model group (model). The levels of AST, MDA, TNF-α, and the liver histopathology score were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB (NC100) and 50 mg/kgBB (NC50) curcumin nanoparticle groups compared to the model group (model) and pure curcumin group (C100) (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin nanoparticles showed better hepatoprotective ability than pure curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Putri Damayanti
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Neni Susilaningsih
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Trilaksana Nugroho
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Suhartono Suhartono
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Suryono Suryono
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Hardhono Susanto
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Ari Suwondo
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Endang Mahati
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
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23
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Aurellia N, Susilaningsih N, Prabowo E, Muniroh M, Budiono BP. Effect of Curcumin on Interleukin-6 Expression and Malondialdehyde Levels in Liver Fibrosis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation and excessive oxidative stress are the main mechanisms causing liver fibrosis. It releases anti-inflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Curcumin acts as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic.
AIM: This study is aimed to analyze differences in IL-6 expression and MDA levels in (Deutschland, Denken, and Yoken) DDY mice with liver fibrosis after common bile duct ligation between the curcumin-treated and control groups.
METHODS: This research is an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Seventy-five male DDY mice 20–30g were used in this study (n = 5). Mice were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of 15 mice. The first group healthy control (HC) was the HC group given phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and did not perform the CBDL. The second group negative control (NC) was a NC group given PBS solution and completed the CBDL. The third group positive control (PC) was a PC group given oral ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and performed CBDL. The fourth group (P1) was assigned oral curcumin and performed the CBDL. The fifth group (P2) was given oral curcumin and UDCA and performed the CBDL. Seven, fourteen, and 21 days after ligation, liver samples were taken to examine IL-6 expression and MDA levels.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the NC and PC groups (p = 0.00), NC and P1 (p = 0.00), NC with P2 (p = 0.00), PC with P1 (p = 0.04), PC with P2 (p = 0.04), on day 21 between the NC and PC groups (p = 0.00), NC with P1 (p = 0.00), and PC with P2 (p = 0.00). Statistical analysis of the comparison of MDA levels on days 7 and 14 found no significant difference. On day 21, there was a substantial difference between the NC group and P1 (p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that curcumin effectively reduced IL-6 expression and MDA levels in liver fibrosis.
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24
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Deng YT, Wu KJ, Kuo MYP. Phenytoin induces connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) production through NADPH oxidase 4-mediated latent TGFβ1 activation in human gingiva fibroblasts: Suppression by curcumin. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1219-1226. [PMID: 36205057 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of some drugs such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. Among them, the antiepileptic agent phenytoin is the most common agent related to this condition due to its high incidence. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) importantly contributes to the pathogenesis of GO. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2) is a key mediator of tissue fibrosis and is positively associated with the degree of fibrosis in GO. We previously showed that Src, c-jun N-terminal kinase, and Smad3 mediate TGFβ1-induced CCN2 protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). This study investigates whether phenytoin can induce CCN2 synthesis through activated latent TGFβ in HGFs and its mechanisms. METHODS CCN2 synthesis, latent TGFβ1 activation, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HGFs were studied using western blot analysis, a TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe), respectively. RESULTS Phenytoin significantly stimulated CCN2 synthesis, latent TGFβ1 activation, and ROS generation in HGFs. Addition of an TGFβ-neutralizing antibody, TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542, and Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 completely inhibited phenytoin-induced CCN2 synthesis. General antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, and specific NOX4 inhibitor plumbagin almost completely suppressed phenytoin-induced total cellular ROS and latent TGFβ1 activation. Curcumin dose-dependently decreased phenytoin-induced TGFβ1 activation and CCN2 synthesis in HGFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that NOX4-derived ROS play pivotal roles in phenytoin-induced latent TGFβ1 activation. Molecular targeting the phenytoin/NOX4/ROS/TGFβ1 pathway may provide promising strategies for the prevention and treatment of GO. Curcumin-inhibited phenytoin-induced CCN2 synthesis is caused by the suppression of latent TGFβ1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - King-Jean Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Gao S, Jiang X, Wang L, Jiang S, Luo H, Chen Y, Peng C. The pathogenesis of liver cancer and the therapeutic potential of bioactive substances. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1029601. [PMID: 36278230 PMCID: PMC9581229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1029601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world and has become an urgent problem for global public health. Bioactive substances are widely used for the treatment of liver cancer due to their widespread availability and reduced side effects. This review summarizes the main pathogenic factors involved in the development of liver cancer, including metabolic fatty liver disease, viral infection, and alcoholic cirrhosis, and focuses on the mechanism of action of bioactive components such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenols, peptides, and active bacteria/fungi. In addition, we also summarize transformation methods, combined therapy and modification of bioactive substances to improve the treatment efficiency against liver cancer, highlighting new ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyue Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Cheng Peng,
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26
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Li P, Zhang R, Wang M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Ke X, Zuo L, Wang J. Baicalein Prevents Fructose-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats: In the Regulation of Fatty Acid De Novo Synthesis, Fatty Acid Elongation and Fatty Acid Oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917329. [PMID: 35847050 PMCID: PMC9280198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma, is a liver disease worldwide without approved therapeutic drugs. Baicalein (BAL), a flavonoid compound extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.), has been used in TCM clinical practice for thousands of years to treat liver diseases due to its "hepatoprotective effect". However, the underlying liver-protecting mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that oral administration of BAL significantly decreased excess serum levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as hepatic TG in fructose-fed rats. Attenuation of the increased vacuolization and Oil Red O staining area was evident on hepatic histological examination in BAL-treated rats. Mechanistically, results of RNA-sequencing, western-blot, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and hepatic metabolomics analyses indicated that BAL decreased fructose-induced excessive nuclear expressions of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (mSREBP1c) and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which led to the decline of lipogenic molecules [including fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongation of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)], accompanying with the alternation of hepatic fatty acids composition. Meanwhile, BAL enhanced fatty acid oxidation by activating AMPK/PGC1α signaling axis and PPARα signal pathway, which elicited high expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α) and Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACO1) in livers of fructose-fed rats, respectively. BAL ameliorated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, which is associated with regulating fatty acid synthesis, elongation and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- The Pharmacy Department, the Second People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiumei Ke
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Vega Joubert MB, Ingaramo P, Oliva ME, D'Alessandro ME. Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed ameliorates liver injury and oxidative stress by modulating NrF2 and NFκB expression in sucrose-rich diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:7333-7345. [PMID: 35726830 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the liver injury and oxidative stress in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) induced by chronic administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) and to evaluate the effects of chia seed as a therapeutic strategy. Male Wistar rats were fed with a reference diet (RD) -6 months- or a SRD -3 months. Then, the latter group was randomly divided into two subgroups. One subgroup continued receiving the SRD for up to 6 months and the other was fed with a SRD where whole chia seed was incorporated as a source of dietary fat for the next 3 months (SRD+CHIA). The results showed that rats fed with a SRD for a long period of time developed dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury, hepatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Hepatic NrF2 expression was significantly decreased. In addition, a significant increase in hepatic NFκB p65 expression and a positive correlation of this with plasma TNFα levels were found. The administration of chia seed for 3 months reversed dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, lipid accumulation, liver injury, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. In the liver tissue, NrF2 expression was normalized and NFκB p65 expression was decreased, the latter was associated with a decrease in plasma TNFα levels. The present study showed new aspects of liver damage, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic insulin resistant rats chronically fed with a sucrose-rich diet. However, we demonstrated new properties and molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial anti-oxidant effects of chia seed consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Berenice Vega Joubert
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Paola Ingaramo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs. Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Oliva
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Zoi V, Galani V, Tsekeris P, Kyritsis AP, Alexiou GA. Radiosensitization and Radioprotection by Curcumin in Glioblastoma and Other Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:312. [PMID: 35203521 PMCID: PMC8869399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an important role in almost every cancer treatment. However, radiation toxicity to normal tissues, mainly due to the generation of reactive free radicals, has limited the efficacy of radiotherapy in clinical practice. Curcumin has been reported to possess significant antitumor properties. Although curcumin can sensitize cancer cells to irradiation, healthy cells are much less sensitive to this effect, and thus, curcumin is thought to be a potent, yet safe anti-cancer agent. In this review, a summary of the role of curcumin as both a radiosensitizer and radioprotector has been presented, based on the most recent data from the experimental and clinical evaluation of curcumin in different cancer cell lines, animal models, and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zoi
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Galani
- Department of Anatomy Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Pericles Tsekeris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Athanasios P. Kyritsis
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (A.P.K.)
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (A.P.K.)
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Hematological and biochemical investigations on the effect of curcumin and Thymoquinone in male mice exposed to Thioacetamide. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:660-665. [PMID: 35002463 PMCID: PMC8716955 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, living organisms are increasingly exposed to many toxic chemicals in the environment. These substances pose a threat to human life, other living organisms and ecosystem. In fact, there is an increasing requirement to search for safe therapeutic sources today. Medicinal plants and natural products have become of great importance globally because of their therapeutic potential and medicinal properties, as well as their availability and the absence of harmful side effects for most of them. The present study was designed to explore the potential protective effect of curcumin (CUR) and thymoquinone (TQ) in male rats exposed to thioacetamide (TAA). The experimental mice were divided into eight groups. Group 1 was served as control. Group 2 was exposed to 50 mg/ kg body weight of TAA. Group 3 was exposed to CUR and TAA. Mice of group 4 were treated with TQ and TAA. Mice of group 5 were exposed to CUR plus TQ and TAA. Group 6 was supplemented with CUR. Group 7 was subjected to TQ. Mice of group 8 were treated with CUR and TQ. Hematological and biochemical alterations were evaluated after one month. Significant increases of white blood corpuscles (WBC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) values were observed in group 2, while the values of red blood corpuscles (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb(, hematocrit (Hct), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were statistically decreased. Treatment with CUR, TQ and their combination inhibited the hematological and biochemical alterations induced by TAA toxicity. Moreover, the most protective effect was observed in mice treated with CUR plus TQ. These new results suggested that the protective effect of CUR and TQ attributed to their antioxidant properties.
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30
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Abdallah SH, Mostafa NM, Mohamed MAEH, Nada AS, Singab ANB. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling and hepatoprotective activities of Stevia leaves extract, butanol fraction and stevioside against radiation-induced toxicity in rats. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5619-5625. [PMID: 34894905 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2015594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside is the major component of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves, family Asteraceae. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of leaves total methanol extract (TEx) and standardized butanol fraction (BF, 113.5 mg stevioside/g) were performed herein, revealing steviol glycosides, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Their hepatoprotective activities against radiation-induced toxicity were evaluated compared to pure stevioside. Rats pretreatment with stevioside, TEx, and BF orally for 7 days before subjection to 6.5 Gy whole-body-gamma-irradiation reversed histopathological damages; improved liver functions and restored depleted antioxidants. ALT and reduced-glutathione levels showed insignificant changes, compared to control, by (5.22%, 3.20%, 24.90%) and (-0.47%, -3.95%, -2.63%), respectively. Glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and MDA levels were significantly ameliorated. Liver tissue molecular profiling showed reduction in elevated TNF-α by 23.83%, 29.06%, 28.34%, respectively, and in NF-kB and COX-2 expression levels via immunohistochemical study. BF showed better hepatoprotective activity than TEx which may be attributed to higher stevioside, flavonoids, and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien H Abdallah
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abd El Hameed Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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31
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Herrero de la Parte B, Rodeño-Casado M, Iturrizaga Correcher S, Mar Medina C, García-Alonso I. Curcumin Reduces Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration and Slows In Vivo Growth of Liver Metastases in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091183. [PMID: 34572369 PMCID: PMC8467247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: New therapeutic approaches are an essential need for patients suffering from colorectal cancer liver metastases. Curcumin, a well-known plant-derived polyphenol, has been shown to play a role in the modulation of multiple signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of certain cancer cells in vitro. This study aims to assess the anti-tumor effect of curcumin on CC531 colorectal cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: On CC531 cultures, the cell viability and cell migration capacity were analyzed (wound healing test) 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with curcumin (15, 20, 25, or 30 µM). Additionally, in WAG/RijHsd tumor-bearing rats, the total and individual liver lobe tumor volume was quantified in untreated and curcumin-treated animals (200 mg/kg/day, oral). Furthermore, serum enzyme measurements (GOT, GPT, glucose, bilirubin, etc.) were carried out to assess the possible effects on the liver function. Results: In vitro studies showed curcumin’s greatest effects 48h after application, when all of the tested doses reduced cell proliferation by more than 30%. At 72 h, the highest doses of curcumin (25 and 30 µM) reduced cell viability to less than 50%. The wound healing test also showed that curcumin inhibits migration capacity. In vivo, curcumin slowed down the tumor volume of liver implants by 5.6-fold (7.98 ± 1.45 vs. 1.41 ± 1.33; p > 0.0001). Conclusions: Curcumin has shown an anti-tumor effect against liver implants from colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of The Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (I.G.-A.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Mikel Rodeño-Casado
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of The Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Sira Iturrizaga Correcher
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, ES48960 Galdakao, Spain; (S.I.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Mar Medina
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, ES48960 Galdakao, Spain; (S.I.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Ignacio García-Alonso
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of The Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (I.G.-A.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Yedjou CG, Njiki S, Enow J, Ikome O, Latinwo L, Long R, Ngnepieba P, Alo RA, Tchounwou PB. Pharmacological Effects of Selected Medicinal Plants and Vitamins Against COVID-19. JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITION (FRISCO, TEX.) 2021; 7:202. [PMID: 34395868 PMCID: PMC8362927 DOI: 10.17303/jfn.2021.7.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a serious disease that has caused multiple deaths in various countries in the world. Globally, as of May 23, 2021, the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 have reach 166,346,635 with a total of 3,449,117 deaths. Several recent scientific studies have shown that medicinal plants and vitamins can benefit and improve the health of COVID-19 patients. However, the benefits of medicinal plants and vitamins in the treatment of COVID-19 remain unproven. Therefore, the objective of this article is to expounds the benefits of using medicinal plants (Allium sativum, curcumin, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officitale) and vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin D) that possess the antiviral properties for the prevention and/or control of COVID-19. To reach our objective, we searched scientific databases of ongoing trials in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites, PubMed Central, Medline databases, and Google Scholar websites. We also searched databases on World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to collect relevant papers. We found that all of the selected medicinal plants and vitamins possess antiviral activities, and their individual intake shows promise for the prevention and/or control of COVID-19. We conclude that, the selected medicinal plants and vitamins possess anti-viral properties that are more likely to prevent and/or disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, enhance the human immune system and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Sylvianne Njiki
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
| | - Juliet Enow
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health. School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, United States
| | - Otto Ikome
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
| | - Lekan Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Pierre Ngnepieba
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard A Alo
- Department of Computer and Information Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
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