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Niroomand S, Gholizadeh L, Baird K. Iranian Immigrant Women's Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence: A Literature Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:905-924. [PMID: 38954234 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-024-01610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Immigrant and refugee women are vulnerable to experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) due to a range of factors associated with immigration. This study aims to consolidate existing research concerning IPV among Iranian immigrant women and examine its impact on their lives. A comprehensive literature search for articles of any design published in the English language in the past 15 years was performed using Medline, Embase, CINAHL, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (ProQuest) and PsycINFO databases. The topic of IPV among Iranian immigrant women has been underexplored in research, and only 11 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria for this topic. The findings from these studies indicate that Iranian immigrant women have experienced different forms of IPV, with psychological IPV being prominent and replacing physical violence. These experiences have had adverse effects on the women's physical and mental health. The women's experiences of IPV were influenced by various cultural, religious, and individual factors. They predominantly sought informal help rather than accessing formal resources to address their situations. There is a need for rigorous studies to thoroughly investigate IPV among Iranian immigrant and refugee women. Such research is essential for establishing effective strategies that are culturally sensitive to reduce IPV incidents within this population. Moreover, it is essential to enhance IPV awareness among these women and ensure their access to formal resources that are proficient in addressing IPV. This comprehensive approach not only tackles the immediate issue but also fosters a safer environment and promotes long-term wellbeing within this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Niroomand
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Leila Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kathleen Baird
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Wafford QE, Miller CH, Wescott AB, Kubilius RK. Meeting a need: development and validation of PubMed search filters for immigrant populations. J Med Libr Assoc 2024; 112:22-32. [PMID: 38911528 PMCID: PMC11189137 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2024.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective There is a need for additional comprehensive and validated filters to find relevant references more efficiently in the growing body of research on immigrant populations. Our goal was to create reliable search filters that direct librarians and researchers to pertinent studies indexed in PubMed about health topics specific to immigrant populations. Methods We applied a systematic and multi-step process that combined information from expert input, authoritative sources, automation, and manual review of sources. We established a focused scope and eligibility criteria, which we used to create the development and validation sets. We formed a term ranking system that resulted in the creation of two filters: an immigrant-specific and an immigrant-sensitive search filter. Results When tested against the validation set, the specific filter sensitivity was 88.09%, specificity 97.26%, precision 97.88%, and the NNR 1.02. The sensitive filter sensitivity was 97.76%when tested against the development set. The sensitive filter had a sensitivity of 97.14%, specificity of 82.05%, precision of 88.59%, accuracy of 90.94%, and NNR [See Table 1] of 1.13 when tested against the validation set. Conclusion We accomplished our goal of developing PubMed search filters to help researchers retrieve studies about immigrants. The specific and sensitive PubMed search filters give information professionals and researchers options to maximize the specificity and precision or increase the sensitivity of their search for relevant studies in PubMed. Both search filters generated strong performance measurements and can be used as-is, to capture a subset of immigrant-related literature, or adapted and revised to fit the unique research needs of specific project teams (e.g. remove US-centric language, add location-specific terminology, or expand the search strategy to include terms for the topic/s being investigated in the immigrant population identified by the filter). There is also a potential for teams to employ the search filter development process described here for their own topics and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Eileen Wafford
- , Research Librarian, Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Corinne H Miller
- , Clinical Informationist, Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Annie B Wescott
- , Research Librarian, Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ramune K Kubilius
- , Collection Development/Special Projects Librarian, Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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3
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Mohammadifirouzeh M, Oh KM, Basnyat I, Gimm G. Factors Associated with Professional Mental Help-Seeking Among U.S. Immigrants: A Systematic Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1118-1136. [PMID: 37000385 PMCID: PMC10063938 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural and cultural barriers have led to limited access to and use of mental health services among immigrants in the United States (U.S.). This study provided a systematic review of factors associated with help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and behaviors among immigrants who are living in the U.S. This systematic review was performed using Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Global Health, and Web of Science. Qualitative and quantitative studies examining mental help-seeking among immigrants in the U.S. were included. 954 records were identified through a search of databases. After removing duplicates and screening by title and abstract, a total of 104 articles were eligible for full-text review and a total of 19 studies were included. Immigrants are more reluctant to seek help from professional mental health services due to barriers such as stigma, cultural beliefs, lack of English language proficiency, and lack of trust in health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohammadifirouzeh
- College of Public Health, School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Kyeung Mi Oh
- College of Public Health, School of Nursing, George Mason University, 3C4, Peterson Hall 3041, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Iccha Basnyat
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Global Affairs Program and Department of Communication, George Mason University, Horizon Hall 5200, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Gilbert Gimm
- College of Public Health, Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, MS-1-J3, Peterson Hall 4410, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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Urzúa A, Baeza-Rivera MJ, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D. Optimism and Intolerance to Uncertainty May Mediate the Negative Effect of Discrimination on Mental Health in Migrant Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040503. [PMID: 36833036 PMCID: PMC9956353 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Migration causes effects on the people who migrate and on the societies that receive them, which can be positive or negative, depending on the characteristics of the interaction. One negative effect is the emergence of mental health disorders associated with the presence of discrimination, a relationship for which there is abundant evidence, although there is less research on factors that may alter this effect. (2) Objective: To evaluate the possible mediating role of optimism and intolerance to uncertainty in the relationship between discrimination and mental health. (3) Method: Nine hundred and nineteen adult Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 49.5% were men and 50.5% women, ages from 18 to 65 years, were evaluated. The Discrimination Experience Scale, BDI-IA Inventory, BAI, LOT-R and the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale were applied. The effects were estimated using structural equation modeling. (4) Results: A mediating effect of both dispositional optimism and intolerance to uncertainty on the relationship between discrimination and mental symptomatology was observed. (5) Conclusions: The impact on individual suffering and the social cost of mental health problems require investigating variables on the relationship between discrimination and mental health, including mediators of this relationship, which turn out to be central elements in the development of future strategies for the reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
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5
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Doolan BJ, Saikal SL, Scaria A, Gupta M. Patient factors associated with dermatology outpatient non-attendance: An analysis of racial and ethnic diversity. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:405-410. [PMID: 34983001 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-attendance to dermatology outpatient appointments is a risk factor for poorer patient outcomes. The culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Australia have been identified as at risk of poorer health outcomes, but there is a paucity of data assessing patient factors that may increase outpatient non-attendance. To investigate this, we performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of dermatology appointments from patients attending a tertiary, referral public hospital located in one of Australia's most racially and ethnically diverse communities. Patients within the 18-45 years age bracket were 61% more likely to not attend compared to older age groups. Those born in Oceania, Middle East Asia, and surprisingly Australia were more likely to miss an appointment, whilst those born in East and Southeast Asia were more likely to attend. Those who spoke Arabic at home were more likely to not attend, whilst those who spoke Vietnamese at home were more likely to attend. This study sheds further light on health disparities in non-attendance and emphasizes the importance of not collectively amalgamating all groups of the CALD community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Doolan
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Samra L Saikal
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Newcastle, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anish Scaria
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monisha Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
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Simkhada B, Vahdaninia M, van Teijlingen E, Blunt H. Cultural issues on accessing mental health services in Nepali and Iranian migrants communities in the UK. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:1610-1619. [PMID: 34291560 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mental health in Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities is a rising public health concern in the UK, with key challenges around accessing mental health services. Our understanding of mental health issues in the growing Nepali and Iranian communities in the UK is very limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore the major factors affecting access to, and engagement with NHS mental health services. This study used a qualitative approach comprising in-depth interviews with seven Nepali, eight Iranians and six community mental health workers in the south of England. The data were analysed using a thematic approach. Six themes were identified: (1) stigma and fear; (2) gender; (3) language; (4) tradition and culture; (5) family involvement; and (6) lack of cultural awareness in health workers, all appearing to be major issues. This study contributes to a shared understanding of mental illness within two given cultural contexts to promote early interventions in UK mental health services. Developing cross-cultural perspectives in health care should be a priority in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Simkhada
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Mariam Vahdaninia
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Hannah Blunt
- Dorset Healthcare, University NHS Foundation Trust, Dorset, UK
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7
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Zotova N, Agadjanian V, Isaeva J, Kalandarov T. Worry, work, discrimination: Socioecological model of psychological distress among Central Asian immigrant women in Russia. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 38075982 PMCID: PMC10705018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Russian Federation is a major immigrant-receiving nation and hosts large immigrant populations from post-Soviet countries including Central Asia. However, there is yet little research on their health needs, and especially on mental health of immigrant women. This study uses qualitative data from 72 interviews with women from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan conducted in two large cities in Central Russia, Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod, from April 2014 to February 2017. This study examines psychological distress among immigrant women and applies a gendered socioecological lens to understand its causes. We have identified intersecting factors that operate at different levels and cause distress in Central Asian immigrant women in Russia. Gendered vulnerabilities, persistent worry about their families' well-being, separation from loved ones, and limited sources of social support are key individual and interpersonal level of distress factors. Poor working and housing conditions along with economic hardships and concerns over their ability to reach the goals that guided their decisions to move to Russia reinforce experienced distress among immigrant women. Discrimination against Central Asian nationals and structural racism amplify challenges for immigrants' psychological well-being and mental health in Russia. By investigating underlying factors of psychological distress among an understudied immigrant population, this study defines configurations of Russia's risk environment and contributes to an understanding of migration as an important determinant of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Isaeva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
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8
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Kananian S, Starck A, Stangier U. Cultural Adaptation of CBT for Afghan Refugees in Europe: A Retrospective Evaluation. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2021; 3:e5271. [PMID: 36405675 PMCID: PMC9670827 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culturally adapted CBT (CA CBT) is a well-evaluated, culture-sensitive intervention for refugees that utilizes psychoeducation, problem solving training, meditation, and stretching exercises. However, there is a lack of standard procedures for adapting psychotherapeutic interventions to a specific cultural context. Our working group adapted CA CBT for Afghan refugees at two different stages, which yielded promising results from a pilot trial and an RCT with a waitlist control group. This article aimed to illustrate the ongoing adaptation process of CA CBT for Afghan refugees over the course of several trials and to highlight potential limitations by evaluating how systematic adaptations were performed. Method The adaptation process of CA CBT was described in detail, including the methods and rationale for changes to the protocol. This process was analyzed according to a new set of proposed reporting criteria. Results According to the defined target population and based on multiple research strategies, culturally-specific components, such as the rationales for interventions, metaphors, and idioms of distress, were adapted. Relevant surface adaptations were implemented. However, although the steps of our adaptation process corresponded with the reporting criteria, some of the adaptation processes did not follow explicit criteria but resulted from implicit judgments. Conclusion In the future, compliance with and the documentation of adaptation processes following explicit guidelines are crucial for the transfer of evidence-based approaches for managing the diversity of refugee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schahryar Kananian
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annabelle Starck
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stangier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Samuels EA, Orr L, White EB, Saadi A, Padela AI, Westerhaus M, Bhatt AD, Agrawal P, Wang D, Gonsalves G. Health Care Utilization Before and After the "Muslim Ban" Executive Order Among People Born in Muslim-Majority Countries and Living in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2118216. [PMID: 34328502 PMCID: PMC8325073 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The health effects of restrictive immigration and refugee policies targeting individuals from Muslim-majority countries are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To analyze whether President Trump's 2017 executive order 13769, "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States" (known as the "Muslim ban" executive order) was associated with changes in health care utilization by people born in targeted nations living in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included adult patients treated at Minneapolis-St. Paul HealthPartners primary care clinics or emergency departments (EDs) between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017. Patients were categorized as (1) born in Muslim ban-targeted nations, (2) born in Muslim-majority nations not listed in the executive order, or (3) non-Latinx and born in the US. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2019, to May 12, 2021. EXPOSURES Executive order 13769, "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States." MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes included the number of (1) primary care clinic visits, (2) missed primary care appointments, (3) primary care stress-responsive diagnoses, (4) ED visits, and (5) ED stress-responsive diagnoses. Visit trends were evaluated before and after the Muslim ban issuance using linear regression, and differences between the study groups after the executive order issuance were evaluated using difference-in-difference analyses. RESULTS A total of 252 594 patients were included in the analysis: 5667 in group 1 (3367 women [59.4%]; 5233 Black individuals [92.3%]), 1254 in group 2 (627 women [50%]; 391 White individuals [31.2%]), and 245 673 in group 3 (133 882 women [54.5%]; 203 342 White individuals [82.8%]). Group 1 was predominantly born in Somalia (5231 of 5667 [92.3%]) and insured by Medicare or Medicaid (4428 [78.1%]). Before the Muslim ban, primary care visits and stress-responsive diagnoses were increasing for individuals from Muslim-majority nations (groups 1 and 2). In the year after the ban, there were approximately 101 additional missed primary care appointments among people from Muslim-majority countries not named in the ban (point estimate [SE], 6.73 [2.90]; P = .02) and approximately 232 additional ED visits by individuals from Muslim ban-targeted nations (point estimate [SE], 3.41 [1.53]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this cohort study suggest that after issuance of the Muslim ban executive order, missed primary care appointments and ED visits increased among people from Muslim-majority countries living in Minneapolis-St. Paul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Samuels
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lilla Orr
- Department of Political Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth B. White
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Altaf Saadi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Aasim I. Padela
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - Aarti D. Bhatt
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Pooja Agrawal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dennis Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gregg Gonsalves
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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10
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Abuelezam NN, El-Sayed A, Galea S, Gordon NP. Understanding differences within ethnic group designation: comparing risk factors and health indicators between Iranian and Arab Americans in Northern California. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1074. [PMID: 34090389 PMCID: PMC8178892 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) ethnic group is a diverse group composed of two primary subsets in the United States: Iranian and Arab Americans. We aimed to compare health risk factors, chronic health conditions, and mental health conditions of Iranian and Arab American adults in Northern California. METHODS We used cross-sectional electronic health record (EHR) data from a 2016 Northern California health plan study cohort to compare adults classified as Iranian or Arab American based on ethnicity, language, or surname. We produced age-standardized prevalence estimates of obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and anxiety for Iranian and Arab American men and women by age group (35-44, 45-64, and 65-84) and overall (35-84). We used generalized linear models to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) to compare Iranian and Arab American adults ages 35-84 on all health indicators. RESULTS Compared to Arab Americans, Iranian Americans had a lower prevalence of obesity (PR: 0.77, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.73, 0.82), current smoking (PR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89), and ever smoking (PR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99), but a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (PR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.12), prediabetes (PR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.16), depression (PR; 1.41, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.52), and anxiety (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.42, 1.63). Similar patterns were observed for men and women. CONCLUSION This work supports the need to collect granular data on race and ethnicity within the MENA ethnic group to improve identification in clinical care settings and population health reporting to better address the physical and mental health needs of different MENA subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Abuelezam
- Boston College William F. Connell School of Nursing, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Abdulrahman El-Sayed
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts & Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy P Gordon
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
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11
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Urzúa A, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D, Williams DR. Discrimination and Health: The Mediating Effect of Acculturative Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105312. [PMID: 34067653 PMCID: PMC8156443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is not much evidence on the effects of south–south migration and its consequences on physical and mental health. Our objective was to examine the mediating role of Acculturative Stress in the association between ethnic discrimination and racial discrimination with physical and mental health. This research is a non-experimental, analytical, cross-sectional study. A total of 976 adult Colombian migrants living in Chile were interviewed. We used the Everyday Discrimination Scale, the acculturative stress scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) for health status; we found that racial and ethnic discrimination had a negative effect on physical and mental health. In the simultaneous presence of both types of discrimination, racial discrimination was completely absorbed by ethnic discrimination, the latter becoming a total mediator of the effect of racial discrimination on mental and physical health. Our findings are consistent with the literature, which suggests that there are various types of discrimination which, individually or in their intersectionality, can have negative effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (A.C.-U.); (D.H.)
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - David R. Williams
- TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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12
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Parajuli J, Horey D. Barriers to and facilitators of health services utilisation by refugees in resettlement countries: an overview of systematic reviews. AUST HEALTH REV 2020; 44:132-142. [PMID: 30654856 DOI: 10.1071/ah18108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the previously reviewed research literature to identify barriers and facilitators to health service utilisation by refugees in resettlement countries. Methods An overview of systematic reviews was conducted. Seven electronic databases (Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, Scopus, EBSCO and Google Scholar) were searched for systematic reviews of barriers and facilitators to health-seeking behaviour and utilisation of health services by refugees following resettlement. The two authors independently undertook data selection, data extraction and quality assessment using a validated tool. Results Nine systematic reviews covered a range of study areas and refugee populations. Barriers to health service utilisation fell into three broad areas: (1) issues related to refugees, including refugee characteristics, sociocultural factors and the effects of previous experiences; (2) issues related to health services, including practice issues and the knowledge and skills of health professionals; and (3) issues related to the resettlement context, including policies and practical issues. Few facilitators were identified or evaluated, but these included approaches to care, health service responses and behaviours of health professionals. Conclusions Barriers to accessing health care include refugee characteristics, practice issues in health services, including the knowledge and skills of health professionals, and the resettlement context. Health services need to identify barriers to culturally sensitive care. Improvements in service delivery are needed that meet the needs of refugees. More research is needed to evaluate facilitators to improving health care accessibility for these vulnerable groups. What is known about the topic? Refugee health after resettlement is poor, yet health service use is low. What does this paper add? Barriers to accessing health services in resettlement countries are related not only to refugees, but also to issues regarding health service practices and health professionals' knowledge and skill, as well as the context of resettlement. Few facilitators to improving refugee access to health services have been identified. What are the implications for practitioners? The barriers associated with health professionals and health services have been linked to trust building, and these need to be addressed to improve accessibility of care for refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamuna Parajuli
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Dell Horey
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia; and College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia.
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Bhandari D, Ozaki A, Kobashi Y, Higuchi A, Shakya P, Tanimoto T. Cancer information seeking and scanning behavior among Nepalese migrants in Japan and its association with preventive behavior. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235275. [PMID: 32598343 PMCID: PMC7347024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing attention is being paid to cancer information seeking (CISE) (active searching for cancer-related health information) and information scanning (CISC) (passive collection of cancer-related health information) among migrants. However, information is lacking with respect to the extent and distribution of CISE and CISC among migrants, particularly in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of both CISE and CISC, to clarify factors associated with CISE and CISC, and to elucidate the association of CISE and CISC with basic cancer knowledge and preventive behavior among Nepalese migrants living in Tokyo, Japan. Methods Nepalese migrants living in Tokyo were recruited from March to August 2019, with snowball sampling. We collected data on CISE, CISC, sociodemographic components, health-related factors, knowledge about risk factors for cancer, and cancer-prevention behavior using a structured questionnaire. We employed several regression approaches to fulfill our study objectives. Results Out of the total 200 participants, 53 (27%) were actively involved in CISE and 176 (88%) in CISC. Internet was the most common information source. High education level and Japanese language skills were positively associated with both CISE and CISC. Migrants with low perceived health status were more likely to perform CISC, while those who had been ill last year and who perceived proper access to doctors were more likely to undertake CISE. Migrants with high CISE (B = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.19) and high CISC (B = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.23) were more likely to have better knowledge on risk factors of cancer. Furthermore, migrants with high CISE were more likely to eat fruits (B = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.32), undergo pap smear test (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.12, 2.65), and colonoscopy (OR = 6.02, 95%CI: 1.63, 22.13). Conclusion In this study, the proportion of Nepalese migrants who deliberately undertook CISE was low, while the practice of CISC was relatively common. Given that the CISE was associated with cancer-prevention behavior, proper strategies should be implemented to alleviate barriers for CISE and improve its impact on providing reliable evidence about cancer to migrants in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhandari
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Cancer, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Yurie Kobashi
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Prakash Shakya
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sia D, Miszkurka M, Batal M, Delisle H, Zunzunegui MV. Chronic disease and malnutrition biomarkers among unemployed immigrants and Canadian born adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:41. [PMID: 31548886 PMCID: PMC6751622 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Immigration status and unemployment may intersect on the health outcomes of men and women. This study aimed to identify intersections between unemployment and immigration in inflammatory, metabolic and nutritional blood markers and assess gender differences. Methods We used Canadian Health Measures Survey data on 2493 participants aged 18 to 65. Outcomes were chronic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen), nutritional (albumin and hemoglobin), and metabolic blood markers (glycosylated hemoglobin, blood glucose, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol). Multivariate linear regressions were used to assess the associations between each biomarker, unemployment and immigrant status, controlling for age, education, province, smoking, physical inactivity and body mass index and testing for multiplicative interactions between unemployment, immigrant status and gender. Results Unemployment was associated with higher inflammation (hsCRP and fibrinogen) in Canadian born men; Canadian born employed women showed higher hsCRP values compared with corresponding employed men. Unemployed immigrant women presented the highest values of hsCRP while employed immigrant women had the lowest hsCRP. Unemployment was associated with higher glucose; immigrant status was associated with higher glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Unemployed immigrants had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin and albumin than employed immigrants, and Canadian-born citizens regardless of their employment status. Some of these associations were attenuated after adjustment by body mass index, physical inactivity and smoking. Conclusion Blood biomarkers unveil intersections among unemployment, immigration and gender. This study provides evidence on biological pathways of unemployment on the likelihood of common chronic diseases, inflammation and potential malnutrition with some increased vulnerabilities in unemployed immigrants, and particularly in unemployed immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drissa Sia
- 1Département des sciences infirmières, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, rue Saint-Joseph, bureau J-3226, Saint Jérôme, Québec J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Malgorzata Miszkurka
- 2Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- 3Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Hélène Delisle
- 3Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Maria Victoria Zunzunegui
- 4Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada.,5École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
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15
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Rahemi Z. Planning Ahead for End-of-Life Healthcare among Iranian-American Older Adults: Attitudes and Communication of Healthcare Wishes. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2019; 34:187-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-019-09371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Promoting Age-Friendly Communities: an Integrative Review of Inclusion for Older Immigrants. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2018; 33:427-440. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-018-9359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
The psychological effects of war represent a growing public health concern as more refugees and asylum seekers migrate across borders. This study investigates whether sociodemographic, premigration and postmigration, and psychosocial factors predict adverse psychiatric symptoms in refugees and asylum seekers exposed to torture (N = 278). Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that female sex, older age, and unstable housing predicted greater severity of anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Cumulative exposure to multiple torture types predicted anxiety and PTSD, while mental health, basic resources (access to food, shelter, medical care), and external risks (risk of being victimized at home, community, work, school) were the strongest psychosocial predictors of anxiety, PTSD, and depression. Also, time spent in the United States before presenting for services significantly predicted anxiety, PTSD, and depression. Consequently, public-sector services should seek to engage this high-risk population immediately upon resettlement into the host country using a mental health stepped care approach.
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Salma J, Keating N, Ogilvie L, Hunter KF. Social dimensions of health across the life course: Narratives of Arab immigrant women ageing in Canada. Nurs Inq 2017; 25:e12226. [PMID: 29230911 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The increase in ethnically and linguistically diverse older adults in Canada necessitates attention to their experiences and needs for healthy ageing. Arab immigrant women often report challenges in maintaining health, but little is known about their ageing experiences. This interpretive descriptive study uses a transnational life course framework to understand Arab Muslim immigrant women's experiences of engaging in health-promoting practices as they age in Canada. Women's stories highlight social dimensions of health such social connectedness, social roles and social support that are constructed and maintained within different migration contexts across the life course. Barriers and facilitators to healthy ageing in this population centred around five themes: (i) the necessity of staying strong, (ii) caring for self while caring for others, (iii) double jeopardy of chronic illnesses and loneliness, (iv) inadequate support within large social networks and (v) navigating access to health-supporting resources. The findings point to transnational connections and post-migration social support as major influencers in creating facilitators and barriers to healthy ageing for Arab Muslim immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Salma
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Norah Keating
- Faculty of Human Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linda Ogilvie
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sidorchuk A, Engström K, Johnson CM, Kayser Leeoza N, Möller J. Employment status and psychological distress in a population-based cross-sectional study in Sweden: the impact of migration. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014698. [PMID: 28389494 PMCID: PMC5558822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unemployment and temporary employment are known to impact psychological health. However, the extent to which the effect is altered by migration-related and sociodemographic determinants is less clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the association between employment status and psychological distress differs between immigrants and Swedish-born and to what extent, the association is modified by gender and reason for immigration. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data from public health surveys undertaken in 2002, 2006 and 2010 from random samples of Stockholm County residents, Sweden, were used to analyse a weighted sample of 51 118 individuals aged 18-64 (43 444 Swedish-born, 4055 non-refugees, 3619 refugees). According to their activity in the labour market, the participants were categorised into permanently/self-employed, temporarily employed and unemployed. OUTCOMES MEASURES Associations between self-reported employment and psychological distress measured by a 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire were explored across individuals with different migration status and reasons for immigration using logistic regression and pairwise comparisons. The analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for age, socioeconomic characteristics and survey year. RESULTS Unemployment was associated with elevated likelihood of psychological distress across the study population, regardless of migration status and gender. Fully adjusted models revealed nearly a 3-fold higher odds of distress in unemployed Swedish-born (OR 3.05, 95% CI 2.66 to 3.51), non-refugees (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.05) and refugees (OR 2.91, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.85) when compared with permanently/self-employed. Temporary employment also increased the likelihood of distress, particularly among refugees and Swedish-born. CONCLUSIONS The effect of unemployment on increased likelihood of poor psychological well-being overcomes gender-specific and migration-specific differences and is equally pronounced for Swedish-born, non-refugees and refugees. Exclusion from the labour market appears to be a major determinant of psychological health inequalities in contemporary Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sidorchuk
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charisse M Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naima Kayser Leeoza
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jette Möller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Providing palliative care for cardiovascular disease from a perspective of sociocultural diversity: a global view. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2016; 10:11-7. [PMID: 26808051 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the available information on providing palliative care for cardiovascular disease (CVD) for individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and argues the need for cultural competence and awareness of healthcare providers. RECENT FINDINGS The burden of CVD is increasing globally and access to palliative care for individuals and populations is inconsistent and largely driven by policy, funding models, center-based expertise and local resources. Culture is an important social determinant of health and moderates health outcomes across the life trajectory. Along with approachability, availability, accommodation, affordability and appropriateness, culture moderates access to services. Health disparities and inequity of access underscore the importance of ensuring services meet the needs of diverse populations and that care is provided by individuals who are culturally competent. In death and dying, the vulnerability of individuals, families and communities is most pronounced. Using a social-ecological model as an organising framework, we consider the evidence from the literature in regard to the interaction between the individual, interpersonal relationships, community and society in promoting access to individuals with cardiovascular disease. SUMMARY This review highlights the need for considering individual, provider and system factors to tailor and target healthcare services to the needs of culturally diverse populations. Beyond translation of materials, there is a need to understand the cultural dimensions influencing health-seeking behaviors and acceptance of palliative care and ensuring the cultural competence of health professionals in both primary and specialist palliative care.
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