1
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Hutchings C, Nuriel Y, Lazar D, Kohl A, Muir E, Genin O, Cinnamon Y, Benyamini H, Nevo Y, Sela-Donenfeld D. Hindbrain boundaries as niches of neural progenitor and stem cells regulated by the extracellular matrix proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate. Development 2024; 151:dev201934. [PMID: 38251863 PMCID: PMC10911165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between neural progenitors and stem cells (NPSCs), and their extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial regulatory mechanism that determines their behavior. Nonetheless, how the ECM dictates the state of NPSCs remains elusive. The hindbrain is valuable to examine this relationship, as cells in the ventricular surface of hindbrain boundaries (HBs), which arise between any two neighboring rhombomeres, express the NPSC marker Sox2, while being surrounded with the membrane-bound ECM molecule chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), in chick and mouse embryos. CSPG expression was used to isolate HB Sox2+ cells for RNA-sequencing, revealing their distinguished molecular properties as typical NPSCs, which express known and newly identified genes relating to stem cells, cancer, the matrisome and cell cycle. In contrast, the CSPG- non-HB cells, displayed clear neural-differentiation transcriptome. To address whether CSPG is significant for hindbrain development, its expression was manipulated in vivo and in vitro. CSPG manipulations shifted the stem versus differentiation state of HB cells, evident by their behavior and altered gene expression. These results provide further understanding of the uniqueness of hindbrain boundaries as repetitive pools of NPSCs in-between the rapidly growing rhombomeres, which rely on their microenvironment to maintain their undifferentiated state during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Hutchings
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yarden Nuriel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Daniel Lazar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Olga Genin
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Rishon LeTsiyon 7505101, Israel
| | - Yuval Cinnamon
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Rishon LeTsiyon 7505101, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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2
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Belmonte-Mateos C, Meister L, Pujades C. Hindbrain rhombomere centers harbor a heterogenous population of dividing progenitors which rely on Notch signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268631. [PMID: 38020924 PMCID: PMC10652760 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue growth and morphogenesis are interrelated processes, whose tight coordination is essential for the production of different cell fates and the timely precise allocation of stem cell capacities. The zebrafish embryonic brainstem, the hindbrain, exemplifies such coupling between spatiotemporal cell diversity acquisition and tissue growth as the neurogenic commitment is differentially distributed over time. Here, we combined cell lineage and in vivo imaging approaches to reveal the emergence of specific cell population properties within the rhombomeres. We studied the molecular identity of hindbrain rhombomere centers and showed that they harbor different progenitor capacities that change over time. By clonal analysis, we revealed that cells within the center of rhombomeres decrease the proliferative capacity to remain mainly in the G1 phase. Proliferating progenitors give rise to neurons by asymmetric and symmetric neurogenic divisions while maintaining the pool of progenitors. The proliferative capacity of these cells differs from their neighbors, and they are delayed in the onset of Notch activity. Through functional studies, we demonstrated that they rely on Notch3 signaling to be maintained as non-committed progenitors. In this study, we show that cells in rhombomere centers, despite the neurogenic asynchrony, might share steps of a similar program with the rhombomere counterparts, to ensure proper tissue growth.
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3
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Lobón-Iglesias MJ, Andrianteranagna M, Han ZY, Chauvin C, Masliah-Planchon J, Manriquez V, Tauziede-Espariat A, Turczynski S, Bouarich-Bourimi R, Frah M, Dufour C, Blauwblomme T, Cardoen L, Pierron G, Maillot L, Guillemot D, Reynaud S, Bourneix C, Pouponnot C, Surdez D, Bohec M, Baulande S, Delattre O, Piaggio E, Ayrault O, Waterfall JJ, Servant N, Beccaria K, Dangouloff-Ros V, Bourdeaut F. Imaging and multi-omics datasets converge to define different neural progenitor origins for ATRT-SHH subgroups. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6669. [PMID: 37863903 PMCID: PMC10589300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are divided into MYC, TYR and SHH subgroups, suggesting diverse lineages of origin. Here, we investigate the imaging of human ATRT at diagnosis and the precise anatomic origin of brain tumors in the Rosa26-CreERT2::Smarcb1flox/flox model. This cross-species analysis points to an extra-cerebral origin for MYC tumors. Additionally, we clearly distinguish SHH ATRT emerging from the cerebellar anterior lobe (CAL) from those emerging from the basal ganglia (BG) and intra-ventricular (IV) regions. Molecular characteristics point to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary as the origin of CAL SHH ATRT, and to the ganglionic eminence as the origin of BG/IV SHH ATRT. Single-cell RNA sequencing on SHH ATRT supports these hypotheses. Trajectory analyses suggest that SMARCB1 loss induces a de-differentiation process mediated by repressors of the neuronal program such as REST, ID and the NOTCH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Jesús Lobón-Iglesias
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Mamy Andrianteranagna
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Computational Systems Unit, Institut Curie, Mines Paris Tech, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Zhi-Yan Han
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Céline Chauvin
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Manriquez
- INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Arnault Tauziede-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences Institute (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Sandrina Turczynski
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Rachida Bouarich-Bourimi
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Magali Frah
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Dufour
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery-AP-HP, Necker Sick Kids Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Gaelle Pierron
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Maillot
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Guillemot
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bourneix
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Célio Pouponnot
- CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
- Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mylene Bohec
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Single Cell Initiative, ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Single Cell Initiative, ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Theranostic Medecine, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Joshua J Waterfall
- INSERM U830, Integrative Functional Genomics of Cancer Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Servant
- INSERM U900, Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Computational Systems Unit, Institut Curie, Mines Paris Tech, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery-AP-HP, Necker Sick Kids Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Volodia Dangouloff-Ros
- Pediatric Radiology Department, AP-HP, Necker Sick Kids Hospital and Paris Cite Universiy INSERM 1299 and UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research In Pediatric Oncology, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, and Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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4
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Hutchings C, Sela-Donenfeld D. Primer on FGF3. Differentiation 2023:S0301-4681(23)00069-5. [PMID: 37741710 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Though initially discovered as a proto-oncogene in virally induced mouse mammary tumors, FGF3 is primarily active in prenatal stages, where it is found at various sites at specific times. FGF3 is crucial during development, as its roles include tail formation, inner ear development and hindbrain induction and patterning. FGF3 expression and function are highly conserved in vertebrates, while it also interacts with other FGFs in various developmental processes. Intriguingly, while it is classified as a classical paracrine signaling factor, murine FGF3 was uniquely found to also act in an intracrine manner, depending on alternative translation initiation sites. Corresponding with its conserved role in inner ear morphogenesis, mutations in FGF3 in humans are associated with LAMM syndrome, a disorder that include hearing loss and inner ear malformations. While recent studies indicate of some FGF3 presence in post-natal stages, emerging evidences of its upregulation in various human tumors and cariogenic processes in mouse models, highlights the importance of its close regulation in adult tissues. Altogether, the broad and dynamic expression pattern and regulation of FGF3 in embryonic and adult tissues together with its link to congenital malformations and cancer, calls for further discoveries of its diverse roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Hutchings
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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5
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Leino SA, Constable SCJ, Streit A, Wilkinson DG. Zbtb16 mediates a switch between Fgf signalling regimes in the developing hindbrain. Development 2023; 150:dev201319. [PMID: 37642135 PMCID: PMC10508701 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Developing tissues are sequentially patterned by extracellular signals that are turned on and off at specific times. In the zebrafish hindbrain, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling has different roles at different developmental stages: in the early hindbrain, transient Fgf3 and Fgf8 signalling from rhombomere 4 is required for correct segmentation, whereas later, neuronal Fgf20 expression confines neurogenesis to specific spatial domains within each rhombomere. How the switch between these two signalling regimes is coordinated is not known. We present evidence that the Zbtb16 transcription factor is required for this transition to happen in an orderly fashion. Zbtb16 expression is high in the early anterior hindbrain, then gradually upregulated posteriorly and confined to neural progenitors. In mutants lacking functional Zbtb16, fgf3 expression fails to be downregulated and persists until a late stage, resulting in excess and more widespread Fgf signalling during neurogenesis. Accordingly, the spatial pattern of neurogenesis is disrupted in Zbtb16 mutants. Our results reveal how the distinct stage-specific roles of Fgf signalling are coordinated in the zebrafish hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A. Leino
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sean C. J. Constable
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David G. Wilkinson
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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6
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Hevia CF, Engel-Pizcueta C, Udina F, Pujades C. The neurogenic fate of the hindbrain boundaries relies on Notch3-dependent asymmetric cell divisions. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110915. [PMID: 35675784 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the balance between progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the construction of the embryonic brain demands the combination of cell lineage and functional approaches. Here, we generate the comprehensive lineage of hindbrain boundary cells by using a CRISPR-based knockin zebrafish transgenic line that specifically labels the boundaries. We unveil that boundary cells asynchronously engage in neurogenesis undergoing a functional transition from neuroepithelial progenitors to radial glia cells, coinciding with the onset of Notch3 signaling that triggers their asymmetrical cell division. Upon notch3 loss of function, boundary cells lose radial glia properties and symmetrically divide undergoing neuronal differentiation. Finally, we show that the fate of boundary cells is to become neurons, the subtype of which relies on their axial position, suggesting that boundary cells contribute to refine the number and proportion of the distinct neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederic Udina
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Data Science Center, Barcelona School of Economics, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pujades
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Pujades C. The multiple functions of hindbrain boundary cells: Tinkering boundaries? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Ohmoto M, Lei W, Yamashita J, Hirota J, Jiang P, Matsumoto I. SOX2 regulates homeostasis of taste bud cells and lingual epithelial cells in posterior tongue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240848. [PMID: 33057384 PMCID: PMC7561181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste bud cells arise from local epithelial stem cells in the oral cavity and are continuously replaced by newborn cells throughout an animal's life. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of taste cell turnover. Recently, it has been demonstrated that SOX2, a transcription factor expressed in epithelial stem/progenitor cells of the oral cavity, regulates turnover of anterior tongue epithelium including gustatory and non-gustatory papillae. Yet, the role of SOX2 in regulating taste cell turnover in the posterior tongue is unclear. Prompted by the fact that there are regional differences in the cellular and molecular composition of taste buds and stem/progenitor cells in the anterior and posterior portions of tongue, which are derived from distinct embryonic origins, we set out to determine the role of SOX2 in epithelial tissue homeostasis in the posterior tongue. Here we report the differential requirement of SOX2 in the stem/progenitor cells for the normal turnover of lingual epithelial cells in the posterior tongue. Sox2 deletion in the stem/progenitor cells neither induced active caspase 3-mediated apoptotic cell death nor altered stem/progenitor cell population in the posterior tongue. Nevertheless, morphology and molecular feature of non-gustatory epithelial cells were impaired in the circumvallate papilla but not in the filiform papillae. Remarkably, taste buds became thinner, collapsed, and undetectable over time. Lineage tracing of Sox2-deleted stem/progenitor cells demonstrated an almost complete lack of newly generated basal precursor cells in the taste buds, suggesting mechanistically that Sox2 is involved in determining stem/progenitor cells to differentiate to gustatory lineage cells. Together, these results demonstrate that SOX2 plays key roles in regulating epithelial tissue homeostasis in the posterior tongue, similar but not identical to its function in the anterior tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ohmoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Junpei Yamashita
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Junji Hirota
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Matsumoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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9
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Kindberg A, Hu JK, Bush JO. Forced to communicate: Integration of mechanical and biochemical signaling in morphogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:59-68. [PMID: 32569947 PMCID: PMC7577940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a physical process that requires the generation of mechanical forces to achieve dynamic changes in cell position, tissue shape, and size as well as biochemical signals to coordinate these events. Mechanical forces are also used by the embryo to transmit detailed information across space and detected by target cells, leading to downstream changes in cellular properties and behaviors. Indeed, forces provide signaling information of complementary quality that can both synergize and diversify the functional outputs of biochemical signaling. Here, we discuss recent findings that reveal how mechanical signaling and biochemical signaling are integrated during morphogenesis and the possible context-specific advantages conferred by the interactions between these signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kindberg
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey O Bush
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Wang X, Kohl A, Yu X, Zorio DAR, Klar A, Sela-Donenfeld D, Wang Y. Temporal-specific roles of fragile X mental retardation protein in the development of the hindbrain auditory circuit. Development 2020; 147:dev.188797. [PMID: 32747436 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein abundant in the nervous system. Functional loss of FMRP leads to sensory dysfunction and severe intellectual disabilities. In the auditory system, FMRP deficiency alters neuronal function and synaptic connectivity and results in perturbed processing of sound information. Nevertheless, roles of FMRP in embryonic development of the auditory hindbrain have not been identified. Here, we developed high-specificity approaches to genetically track and manipulate throughout development of the Atoh1+ neuronal cell type, which is highly conserved in vertebrates, in the cochlear nucleus of chicken embryos. We identified distinct FMRP-containing granules in the growing axons of Atoh1+ neurons and post-migrating NM cells. FMRP downregulation induced by CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA techniques resulted in perturbed axonal pathfinding, delay in midline crossing, excess branching of neurites, and axonal targeting errors during the period of circuit development. Together, these results provide the first in vivo identification of FMRP localization and actions in developing axons of auditory neurons, and demonstrate the importance of investigating early embryonic alterations toward understanding the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Diego A R Zorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Avihu Klar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology IMRIC, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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11
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Abe K, Shimada A, Tayama S, Nishikawa H, Kaneko T, Tsuda S, Karaiwa A, Matsui T, Ishitani T, Takeda H. Horizontal Boundary Cells, a Special Group of Somitic Cells, Play Crucial Roles in the Formation of Dorsoventral Compartments in Teleost Somite. Cell Rep 2020; 27:928-939.e4. [PMID: 30995487 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of robust gene expression boundary is crucial for creating elaborate morphology during development. However, mechanisms underlying boundary formation have been extensively studied only in a few model systems. We examined the establishment of zic1/zic4-expression boundary demarcating dorsoventral boundary of the entire trunk of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) and identified a subgroup of dermomyotomal cells called horizontal boundary cells (HBCs) as crucial players for the boundary formation. Embryological and genetic analyses demonstrated that HBCs play crucial roles in the two major events of the process, i.e., refinement and maintenance. In the refinement, HBCs could serve as a chemical barrier against Wnts from the neural tube by expressing Hhip. At later stages, HBCs participate in the maintenance of the boundary by differentiating into the horizontal myoseptum physically inhibiting cell mixing across the boundary. These findings reveal the mechanisms underlying the dorsoventral boundary in the teleost trunk by specialized boundary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shimada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tayama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hotaka Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaneko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsuda
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Saitama University Brain Science Institute, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Research and Development Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akari Karaiwa
- Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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12
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Tambalo M, Mitter R, Wilkinson DG. A single cell transcriptome atlas of the developing zebrafish hindbrain. Development 2020; 147:dev184143. [PMID: 32094115 PMCID: PMC7097387 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Segmentation of the vertebrate hindbrain leads to the formation of rhombomeres, each with a distinct anteroposterior identity. Specialised boundary cells form at segment borders that act as a source or regulator of neuronal differentiation. In zebrafish, there is spatial patterning of neurogenesis in which non-neurogenic zones form at boundaries and segment centres, in part mediated by Fgf20 signalling. To further understand the control of neurogenesis, we have carried out single cell RNA sequencing of the zebrafish hindbrain at three different stages of patterning. Analyses of the data reveal known and novel markers of distinct hindbrain segments, of cell types along the dorsoventral axis, and of the transition of progenitors to neuronal differentiation. We find major shifts in the transcriptome of progenitors and of differentiating cells between the different stages analysed. Supervised clustering with markers of boundary cells and segment centres, together with RNA-seq analysis of Fgf-regulated genes, has revealed new candidate regulators of cell differentiation in the hindbrain. These data provide a valuable resource for functional investigations of the patterning of neurogenesis and the transition of progenitors to neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tambalo
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David G Wilkinson
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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13
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Belzunce I, Belmonte-Mateos C, Pujades C. The interplay of atoh1 genes in the lower rhombic lip during hindbrain morphogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228225. [PMID: 32012186 PMCID: PMC6996848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lower Rhombic Lip (LRL) is a transient neuroepithelial structure of the dorsal hindbrain, which expands from r2 to r7, and gives rise to deep nuclei of the brainstem, such as the vestibular and auditory nuclei and most posteriorly the precerebellar nuclei. Although there is information about the contribution of specific proneural-progenitor populations to specific deep nuclei, and the distinct rhombomeric contribution, little is known about how progenitor cells from the LRL behave during neurogenesis and how their transition into differentiation is regulated. In this work, we investigated the atoh1 gene regulatory network operating in the specification of LRL cells, and the kinetics of cell proliferation and behavior of atoh1a-derivatives by using complementary strategies in the zebrafish embryo. We unveiled that atoh1a is necessary and sufficient for specification of LRL cells by activating atoh1b, which worked as a differentiation gene to transition progenitor cells towards neuron differentiation in a Notch-dependent manner. This cell state transition involved the release of atoh1a-derivatives from the LRL: atoh1a progenitors contributed first to atoh1b cells, which are committed non-proliferative precursors, and to the lhx2b-neuronal lineage as demonstrated by cell fate studies and functional analyses. Using in vivo cell lineage approaches we revealed that the proliferative cell capacity, as well as the mode of division, relied on the position of the atoh1a progenitors within the dorsoventral axis. We showed that atoh1a may behave as the cell fate selector gene, whereas atoh1b functions as a neuronal differentiation gene, contributing to the lhx2b neuronal population. atoh1a-progenitor cell dynamics (cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and neuronal migration) relies on their position, demonstrating the challenges that progenitor cells face in computing positional information from a dynamic two-dimensional grid in order to generate the stereotyped neuronal structures in the embryonic hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Belzunce
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Belmonte-Mateos
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pujades
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Parker HJ, Krumlauf R. A Hox gene regulatory network for hindbrain segmentation. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 139:169-203. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Cayuso J, Xu Q, Addison M, Wilkinson DG. Actomyosin regulation by Eph receptor signaling couples boundary cell formation to border sharpness. eLife 2019; 8:49696. [PMID: 31502954 PMCID: PMC6739871 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The segregation of cells with distinct regional identity underlies formation of a sharp border, which in some tissues serves to organise a boundary signaling centre. It is unclear whether or how border sharpness is coordinated with induction of boundary-specific gene expression. We show that forward signaling of EphA4 is required for border sharpening and induction of boundary cells in the zebrafish hindbrain, which we find both require kinase-dependent signaling, with a lesser input of PDZ domain-dependent signaling. We find that boundary-specific gene expression is regulated by myosin II phosphorylation, which increases actomyosin contraction downstream of EphA4 signaling. Myosin phosphorylation leads to nuclear translocation of Taz, which together with Tead1a is required for boundary marker expression. Since actomyosin contraction maintains sharp borders, there is direct coupling of border sharpness to boundary cell induction that ensures correct organisation of signaling centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Cayuso
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qiling Xu
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Cambronero F, Ariza‐McNaughton L, Wiedemann LM, Krumlauf R. Inter‐rhombomeric interactions reveal roles for fibroblast growth factors signaling in segmental regulation of
EphA4
expression. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:354-368. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leanne M. Wiedemann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKansas University Medical Center Kansas City Kansas
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
- Division of Developmental NeurobiologyNational Institute for Medical Research London UK
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyKansas University Medical School Kansas City Kansas
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17
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Kohl A, Golan N, Cinnamon Y, Genin O, Chefetz B, Sela-Donenfeld D. A proof of concept study demonstrating that environmental levels of carbamazepine impair early stages of chick embryonic development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:583-594. [PMID: 31174146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug used for epilepsy and other disorders. Prescription of CBZ during pregnancy increases the risk for congenital malformations. CBZ is ubiquitous in effluents and persistent during wastewater treatment. Thus, it is re-introduced into agricultural ecosystems upon irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. People consuming produce irrigated with reclaimed wastewater were found to be exposed to CBZ. However, environmental concentrations of CBZ (μgL-1) are magnitudes lower than its therapeutic levels (μgml-1), raising the question of whether and how environmental levels of CBZ affect embryonic development. The chick embryo is a powerful and highly sensitive amniotic model system that enables to assess environmental contaminants in the living organism. Since the chick embryonic development is highly similar to mammalians, yet, it develops in an egg, toxic effects can be directly analyzed in a well-controlled system without maternal influences. This research utilized the chick embryo to test whether CBZ is embryo-toxic by using morphological, cellular, molecular and imaging strategies. Three key embryonic stages were monitored: after blastulation (st.1HH), gastrulation/neurulation (st.8HH) and organogenesis (st.15HH). Here we demonstrate that environmental relevant concentrations of CBZ impair morphogenesis in a dose- and stage- dependent manner. Effects on gastrulation, neural tube closure, differentiation and proliferation were exhibited in early stages by exposing embryos to CBZ dose as low as 0.1μgL-1. Quantification of developmental progression revealed a significant difference in the total score obtained by CBZ-treated embryos compared to controls (up to 5-fold difference, p<0.05). Yet, defects were unnoticed as embryos passed gastrulation/neurulation. This study provides the first evidence for teratogenic effect of environmental-relevant concentrations of CBZ in amniotic embryos that impair early but not late stages of development. These findings call for in-depth risk analysis to ensure that the environmental presence of CBZ and other drugs is not causing irreversible ecological and public-health damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Naama Golan
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yuval Cinnamon
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon 7528809, Israel
| | - Olga Genin
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon 7528809, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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18
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Czeisler CM, Silva TM, Fair SR, Liu J, Tupal S, Kaya B, Cowgill A, Mahajan S, Silva PE, Wang Y, Blissett AR, Göksel M, Borniger JC, Zhang N, Fernandes‐Junior SA, Catacutan F, Alves MJ, Nelson RJ, Sundaresean V, Rekling J, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Otero JJ. The role of PHOX2B-derived astrocytes in chemosensory control of breathing and sleep homeostasis. J Physiol 2019; 597:2225-2251. [PMID: 30707772 PMCID: PMC6462490 DOI: 10.1113/jp277082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The embryonic PHOX2B-progenitor domain generates neuronal and glial cells which together are involved in chemosensory control of breathing and sleep homeostasis. Ablating PHOX2B-derived astrocytes significantly contributes to secondary hypoxic respiratory depression as well as abnormalities in sleep homeostasis. PHOX2B-derived astrocyte ablation results in axonal pathologies in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. ABSTRACT We identify in mice a population of ∼800 retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) astrocytes derived from PHOX2B-positive, OLIG3-negative progenitor cells, that interact with PHOX2B-expressing RTN chemosensory neurons. PHOX2B-derived astrocyte ablation during early life results in adult-onset O2 chemoreflex deficiency. These animals also display changes in sleep homeostasis, including fragmented sleep and disturbances in delta power after sleep deprivation, all without observable changes in anxiety or social behaviours. Ultrastructural evaluation of the RTN demonstrates that PHOX2B-derived astrocyte ablation results in features characteristic of degenerative neuro-axonal dystrophy, including abnormally dilated axon terminals and increased amounts of synapses containing autophagic vacuoles/phagosomes. We conclude that PHOX2B-derived astrocytes are necessary for maintaining a functional O2 chemosensory reflex in the adult, modulate sleep homeostasis, and are key regulators of synaptic integrity in the RTN region, which is necessary for the chemosensory control of breathing. These data also highlight how defects in embryonic development may manifest as neurodegenerative pathology in an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talita M. Silva
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Summer R. Fair
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Jillian Liu
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Srinivasan Tupal
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Behiye Kaya
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Aaron Cowgill
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Salil Mahajan
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Phelipe E. Silva
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of NeuroscienceThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
- The Ohio State University Mathematical Biosciences InstituteColumbusOHUSA
| | - Angela R. Blissett
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Ohio State University College of EngineeringColumbusOHUSA
| | - Mustafa Göksel
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Jeremy C. Borniger
- Department of NeuroscienceThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of NeuroscienceWest Virginia UniversityWVUSA
| | - Silvio A. Fernandes‐Junior
- The Ohio State University Campus Microscopy and Imaging FacilityColumbusOHUSA
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of São PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Fay Catacutan
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Michele J. Alves
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | | | - Vishnu Sundaresean
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
| | - Jens Rekling
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ana C. Takakura
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of São PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Thiago S. Moreira
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - José J. Otero
- Department of PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOHUSA
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19
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Frank D, Sela-Donenfeld D. Hindbrain induction and patterning during early vertebrate development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:941-960. [PMID: 30519881 PMCID: PMC11105337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hindbrain is a key relay hub of the central nervous system (CNS), linking the bilaterally symmetric half-sides of lower and upper CNS centers via an extensive network of neural pathways. Dedicated neural assemblies within the hindbrain control many physiological processes, including respiration, blood pressure, motor coordination and different sensations. During early development, the hindbrain forms metameric segmented units known as rhombomeres along the antero-posterior (AP) axis of the nervous system. These compartmentalized units are highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and act as the template for adult brainstem structure and function. TALE and HOX homeodomain family transcription factors play a key role in the initial induction of the hindbrain and its specification into rhombomeric cell fate identities along the AP axis. Signaling pathways, such as canonical-Wnt, FGF and retinoic acid, play multiple roles to initially induce the hindbrain and regulate Hox gene-family expression to control rhombomeric identity. Additional transcription factors including Krox20, Kreisler and others act both upstream and downstream to Hox genes, modulating their expression and protein activity. In this review, we will examine the earliest embryonic signaling pathways that induce the hindbrain and subsequent rhombomeric segmentation via Hox and other gene expression. We will examine how these signaling pathways and transcription factors interact to activate downstream targets that organize the segmented AP pattern of the embryonic vertebrate hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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20
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Kindberg AA, Bush JO. Cellular organization and boundary formation in craniofacial development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23271. [PMID: 30548771 PMCID: PMC6503678 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial morphogenesis is a highly dynamic process that requires changes in the behaviors and physical properties of cells in order to achieve the proper organization of different craniofacial structures. Boundary formation is a critical process in cellular organization, patterning, and ultimately tissue separation. There are several recurring cellular mechanisms through which boundary formation and cellular organization occur including, transcriptional patterning, cell segregation, cell adhesion and migratory guidance. Disruption of normal boundary formation has dramatic morphological consequences, and can result in human craniofacial congenital anomalies. In this review we discuss boundary formation during craniofacial development, specifically focusing on the cellular behaviors and mechanisms underlying the self-organizing properties that are critical for craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A. Kindberg
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Craniofacial Biology, and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey O. Bush
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Craniofacial Biology, and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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21
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Voltes A, Hevia CF, Engel C, Dingare C, Calzolari S, Terriente J, Norden C, Lecaudey V, Pujades C. Yap/Taz-TEAD activity links mechanical cues to progenitor cell behavior during zebrafish hindbrain segmentation. Development 2019; 146:dev.176735. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.176735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells perceive their microenvironment through chemical and physical cues. However, how mechanical signals are interpreted during embryonic tissue deformation resulting in specific cell behaviors is largely unknown. The Yap/Taz family of transcriptional co-activators has emerged as an important regulator of tissue growth and regeneration, responding to physical cues from the extracellular matrix, cell shape changes and actomyosin cytoskeleton. In this study, we demonstrated the role of Yap/Taz-TEAD activity as a sensor of mechanical signals in the regulation of the progenitor behavior of boundary cells during zebrafish hindbrain compartmentalization. Monitoring of in vivo Yap/Taz-activity during hindbrain segmentation indicated that boundary cells responded to mechanical cues in a cell-autonomous manner through Yap/Taz-TEAD activity. Cell-lineage analysis revealed that Yap/Taz-TEAD boundary cells decreased their proliferative activity when Yap/Taz-TEAD activity ceased, which preceded changes in their cell fate from proliferating progenitors to differentiated neurons. Functional experiments demonstrated the pivotal role of Yap/Taz-TEAD signaling in maintaining progenitor features in the hindbrain boundary cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Voltes
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga F. Hevia
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolyn Engel
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Simone Calzolari
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Terriente
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Cristina Pujades
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Neural stem cells deriving from chick embryonic hindbrain recapitulate hindbrain development in culture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13920. [PMID: 30224755 PMCID: PMC6141497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells that line the neural-tube and generate all the nervous system. Understanding NSC biology is fundamental for neurodevelopmental research and therapy. Many studies emphasized the need to culture NSCs, which are typically purified from mammalian embryonic/adult brains. These sources are somewhat limited in terms of quantity, availability and animal ethical guidelines. Therefore, new sources are needed. The chick is a powerful system for experimental embryology which contributed enormously to neurodevelopmental concepts. Its accessibility, genetic/molecular manipulations, and homology to other vertebrates, makes it valuable for developmental biology research. Recently, we identified a population of NSCs in the chick hindbrain. It resides in rhombomere-boundaries, expresses Sox2 and generates progenitors and neurons. Here, we investigated whether these cells can recapitulate hindbrain development in culture. By developing approaches to propagate and image cells, manipulate their growth-conditions and separate them into subpopulations, we demonstrate the ordered formation of multipotent and self-renewing neurospheres that maintain regional identity and display differential stem/differentiation/proliferation properties. Live imaging revealed new cellular dynamics in the culture. Collectively, these NSC cultures reproduce major aspects of hindbrain development in-vitro, proposing the chick as a model for culturing hindbrain-NSCs that can be directly applied to other neural-tube domains and species.
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23
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Evolutionary emergence of the rac3b/ rfng/ sgca regulatory cluster refined mechanisms for hindbrain boundaries formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3731-E3740. [PMID: 29610331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719885115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental programs often rely on parallel morphogenetic mechanisms that guarantee precise tissue architecture. While redundancy constitutes an obvious selective advantage, little is known on how novel morphogenetic mechanisms emerge during evolution. In zebrafish, rhombomeric boundaries behave as an elastic barrier, preventing cell intermingling between adjacent compartments. Here, we identify the fundamental role of the small-GTPase Rac3b in actomyosin cable assembly at hindbrain boundaries. We show that the novel rac3b/rfng/sgca regulatory cluster, which is specifically expressed at the boundaries, emerged in the Ostariophysi superorder by chromosomal rearrangement that generated new cis-regulatory interactions. By combining 4C-seq, ATAC-seq, transgenesis, and CRISPR-induced deletions, we characterized this regulatory domain, identifying hindbrain boundary-specific cis-regulatory elements. Our results suggest that the capacity of boundaries to act as an elastic mesh for segregating rhombomeric cells evolved by cooption of critical genes to a novel regulatory block, refining the mechanisms for hindbrain segmentation.
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24
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Adult Neural Stem Cells: Basic Research and Production Strategies for Neurorestorative Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4835491. [PMID: 29760724 PMCID: PMC5901847 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4835491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over many decades, constructing genetically and phenotypically stable lines of neural stem cells (NSC) for clinical purposes with the aim of restoring irreversibly lost functions of nervous tissue has been one of the major goals for multiple research groups. The unique ability of stem cells to maintain their own pluripotent state even in the adult body has made them into the choice object of study. With the development of the technology for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct transdifferentiation of somatic cells into the desired cell type, the initial research approaches based on the use of allogeneic NSCs from embryonic or fetal nervous tissue are gradually becoming a thing of the past. This review deals with basic molecular mechanisms for maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic/induced stem and reprogrammed somatic cells, as well as with currently existing reprogramming strategies. The focus is on performing direct reprogramming while bypassing the stage of iPSCs which is known for genetic instability and an increased risk of tumorigenesis. A detailed description of various protocols for obtaining reprogrammed neural cells used in the therapy of the nervous system pathology is also provided.
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25
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Abstract
The mouse embryo forebrain is the most commonly employed system for studying mammalian neurogenesis during development. However, the highly folded forebrain neuroepithelium is not amenable to wholemount analysis to examine organ-wide neurogenesis patterns. Moreover, defining the mechanisms of forebrain neurogenesis is not necessarily predictive of neurogenesis in other parts of the brain; for example, due to the presence of forebrain-specific progenitor subtypes. The mouse hindbrain provides an alternative model for studying embryonic neurogenesis that is amenable to wholemount analysis, as well as tissue sections to observe the spatiotemporal distribution and behavior of neural progenitors. Moreover, it is easily dissected for other downstream applications, such as cell isolation or molecular biology analysis. As the mouse hindbrain can be readily analyzed in the vast number of cell lineage reporter and mutant mouse strains that have become available, it offers a powerful model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental neurogenesis in a mammalian organism. Here, we present a simple and quick method to use the mouse embryo hindbrain for analyzing mammalian neural progenitor cell (NPC) behavior in wholemount preparations and tissue sections.
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