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Rutter MK, Carr MJ, Wright AK, Kanumilli N, Milne N, Jones E, Elton P, Ceriello A, Misra A, Del Prato S, Barron E, Hambling C, Sattar N, Khunti K, Valabhji J, Feldman EL, Ashcroft DM. Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosing, monitoring, and prescribing in people with diabetes and strategies for diabetes service recovery internationally. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 212:111693. [PMID: 38719027 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions in clinical services for people with chronic long-term conditions. In this narrative review, we assess the indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes services globally and the resulting adverse effects on rates of diagnosing, monitoring, and prescribing in people with type 2 diabetes. We summarise potential practical approaches that could address these issues and improve clinical services and outcomes for people living with diabetes during the recovery phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Rutter
- Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M13 0JE, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Carr
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison K Wright
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Naresh Kanumilli
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M13 0JE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Milne
- Brooklands and Northenden Primary Care Network, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Jones
- Greater Manchester & Eastern Cheshire Strategic Clinical Networks, NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Elton
- Greater Manchester & Eastern Cheshire Strategic Clinical Networks, NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation and Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emma Barron
- NHS England, Wellington House, 122-135 Waterloo Road, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Hambling
- NHS England, Wellington House, 122-135 Waterloo Road, London, UK; Bridge Street Surgery, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Valabhji
- NHS England, Wellington House, 122-135 Waterloo Road, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Majeed A, Molokhia M. The future role of the GP Quality and Outcomes Framework in England. BJGP Open 2023; 7:BJGPO.2023.0054. [PMID: 37344122 PMCID: PMC10646195 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Majeed
- Professor of Primary Care and Public Health, Department of Primary Care, Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mariam Molokhia
- Clinical Reader in Epidemiology & Primary Care, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College, London, UK
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Kowall B, Kostev K, Landgraf R, Hauner H, Bierwirth R, Rathmann W. Routine care for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - results from the German Disease Analyzer database. Prim Care Diabetes 2023:S1751-9918(23)00103-1. [PMID: 37302936 PMCID: PMC10234340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected care for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Germany. METHODS The Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA, Germany) contains routine data on diagnoses and treatments (ICD-10 and ATC codes) from patients followed in selected physician practices across Germany. We compared 21,747 individuals with a first diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between January 2018 and September 2019 with 20,513 individuals with a first diabetes diagnosis between March 2020 and November 2021. RESULTS In March and April 2020, the number of new diagnoses of diabetes decreased by 18.3% and 35.7%, respectively, compared to March and April of the previous two years. The previous diabetes incidence level was reached again in June 2020. Mean pre-treatment glucose levels were higher during the pandemic than before (fasting plasma glucose: +6.3 mg/dl (95% confidence interval: 4.6-8.0)). In the first six months after diabetes diagnosis, the mean number of GP visits, specialist referrals and HbA1c measurements decreased. CONCLUSION We observed a decrease in diabetes incidence in the early phase of the pandemic and slightly higher pretreatment blood glucose levels during the pandemic than before. Care for newly diagnosed diabetes was slightly worse during the pandemic than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kowall
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Song E, Hwang J, Park SJ, Park MJ, Jang A, Choi KM, Baik SH, Yoo HJ. Impact of diabetes on emergency care of acute myocardial infarction patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a nationwide population-based study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1151506. [PMID: 37181708 PMCID: PMC10169718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1151506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although acute myocardial infarction (AMI) requires timely intervention, limited nationwide data is available regarding the association between disruption of emergency services and outcomes of patients with AMI during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, whether diabetes mellitus (DM) adversely affects disease severity in these patients has not yet been investigated. Methods This nationwide population-based study analyzed 45,648 patients with AMI, using data from the national registry of emergency departments (ED) in Korea. Frequency of ED visits and disease severity were compared between the COVID-19 outbreak period (year 2020) and the control period (the previous year 2019). Results The number of ED visits by patients with AMI decreased during the first, second, and third waves of the outbreak period compared to the corresponding time period in the control period (all p-values < 0.05). A longer duration from symptom onset to ED visit (p = 0.001) and ED stay (p = 0.001) and higher rates of resuscitation, ventilation care, and extracorporeal membrane oxygen insertion were observed during the outbreak period than during the control period (all p-values < 0.05). These findings were exacerbated in patients with comorbid DM; Compared to patients without DM, patients with DM demonstrated delayed ED visits, longer ED stays, more intensive care unit admissions (p < 0.001), longer hospitalizations (p < 0.001), and higher rates of resuscitation, intubation, and hemodialysis (all p-values < 0.05) during the outbreak period. While in-hospital mortality was similar in AMI patients with and without comorbid DM during the two periods (4.3 vs. 4.4%; p = 0.671), patients with DM who had other comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease or heart failure or were aged ≥ 80 years had higher in-hospital mortality compared with those without any of the comorbidities (3.1 vs. 6.0%; p < 0.001). Conclusion During the pandemic, the number of patients with AMI presenting to the ED decreased compared with that of the previous year, while the disease severity increased, particularly in patients with comorbid DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyun Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Hwang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Jang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shemtob L, Beaney T, Norton J, Majeed A. How can we improve the quality of data collected in general practice? BMJ 2023; 380:e071950. [PMID: 36921932 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Shemtob
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, Imperial College London, UK
| | - John Norton
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, Imperial College London, UK
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Khunti K, Aroda VR, Aschner P, Chan JCN, Del Prato S, Hambling CE, Harris S, Lamptey R, McKee M, Tandon N, Valabhji J, Seidu S. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes services: planning for a global recovery. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:890-900. [PMID: 36356612 PMCID: PMC9640202 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected certain groups, such as older people (ie, >65 years), minority ethnic populations, and people with specific chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and some respiratory diseases. There is now evidence of not only direct but also indirect adverse effects of COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Recurrent lockdowns and public health measures throughout the pandemic have restricted access to routine diabetes care, limiting new diagnoses, and affecting self-management, routine follow-ups, and access to medications, as well as affecting lifestyle behaviours and emotional wellbeing globally. Pre-pandemic studies have shown that short-term delays in delivery of routine care, even by 12 months, are associated with adverse effects on risk factor control and worse microvascular, macrovascular, and mortality outcomes in people with diabetes. Disruptions within the short-to-medium term due to natural disasters also result in worse diabetes outcomes. However, the true magnitude of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term outcomes and mortality in people with diabetes is still unclear. Disasters tend to exacerbate existing health disparities; as we recover ambulatory diabetes services in the aftermath of the pandemic, there is an opportunity to prioritise those with the greatest need, and to target resources and interventions aimed at improving outcomes and reducing inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK.
| | | | - Pablo Aschner
- Asociación Colombiana de Diabetes, Bogotá, Colombia; Oficina de Investigaciones, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Diabetology Divisions, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stewart Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta Lamptey
- Department of Family Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jonathan Valabhji
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; NHS England, London, UK; NHS Improvement, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samuel Seidu
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK
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Study on BCVA, CMT, CME, Curative Effect, and Prognostic Value of DR Sufferers Based on Surgical Therapy Combined with VEGF Therapy at Different Times. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:1415659. [PMID: 36017028 PMCID: PMC9388298 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1415659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the efficacy and prognostic value of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular retinal thickness (CMT), and cystoid macular edema (CME) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) sufferers based on surgical therapy combined with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy at different times, a total of 170 cases of DR sufferers who visited our hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 are analyzed. All patients are randomly divided into control group and study group, with 85 cases and 85 eyes in each group. In addition, the contrast set received 2 therapies for 1.5 months/time, and the study set received 3 therapies for 1 month/time. The experimental results show that the BCVA of the two sets is notoriously enhanced. Besides, CMT and CME in the study set decrease more than those in the contrast set, and the blood vessel density of retinal capillaries in the contrast set and the examination set is notoriously enhanced. For DR sufferers, 1 month/time of anti-VEGF therapy can effectively enhance the sufferers’ visual acuity, CMT and CME. It is suggested that the clinical application of 1 month/time of anti-VEGF to DR sufferers can enhance the clinical therapeutic effect of sufferers and reduce the prognosis and recurrence.
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Vamos EP, Khunti K. Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with type 2 diabetes: time to urgently move into a recovery phase. BMJ Qual Saf 2021; 31:483-485. [PMID: 34686562 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-014079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter P Vamos
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Nugawela MD, Gurudas S, Prevost AT, Mathur R, Robson J, Hanif W, Majeed A, Sivaprasad S. Ethnic Disparities in the Development of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in a UK Multi-Ethnic Population with Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080740. [PMID: 34442384 PMCID: PMC8400788 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little data on ethnic differences in incidence of DR and sight threatening DR (STDR) in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine ethnic differences in the development of DR and STDR and to identify risk factors of DR and STDR in people with incident or prevalent type II diabetes (T2DM). We used electronic primary care medical records of people registered with 134 general practices in East London during the period from January 2007-January 2017. There were 58,216 people with T2DM eligible to be included in the study. Among people with newly diagnosed T2DM, Indian, Pakistani and African ethnic groups showed an increased risk of DR with Africans having highest risk of STDR compared to White ethnic groups (HR: 1.36 95% CI 1.02-1.83). Among those with prevalent T2DM, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean ethnic groups showed increased risk of DR and STDR with Indian having the highest risk of any DR (HR: 1.24 95% CI 1.16-1.32) and STDR (HR: 1.38 95% CI 1.17-1.63) compared with Whites after adjusting for all covariates considered. It is important to optimise prevention, screening and treatment options in these ethnic minority groups to avoid health inequalities in diabetes eye care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula D. Nugawela
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.D.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Sarega Gurudas
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.D.N.); (S.G.)
| | - A Toby Prevost
- Department of Population Health Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Rohini Mathur
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - John Robson
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Wasim Hanif
- Birmingham City School of Nursing and Midwifery, Westbourne Road, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK;
| | - Azeem Majeed
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.D.N.); (S.G.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Correspondence:
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