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Nam YW, Shin JH, Kim S, Hwang CH, Lee CS, Hwang G, Kim HR, Roe JS, Song J. EGFR inhibits TNF-α-mediated pathway by phosphorylating TNFR1 at tyrosine 360 and 401. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01316-3. [PMID: 38789573 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) induces the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathway and regulated cell death processes when TNF-α ligates with it. Although mechanisms regulating the downstream pathways of TNFR1 have been elucidated, the direct regulation of TNFR1 itself is not well known. In this study, we showed that the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates NF-κB signalling and TNF-α-induced cell death by directly phosphorylating TNFR1 at Tyr 360 and 401 in its death domain. In contrast, EGFR inhibition by EGFR inhibitors, such as erlotinib and gefitinib, prevented their interaction. Once TNFR1 is phosphorylated, its death domain induces the suppression of the NF-κB pathways, complex II-mediated apoptosis, or necrosome-dependent necroptosis. Physiologically, in mouse models, EGF treatment mitigates TNF-α-dependent necroptotic skin inflammation induced by treatment with IAP and caspase inhibitors. Our study revealed a novel role for EGFR in directly regulating TNF-α-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Ha Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong-Sil Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuho Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Domingo JC, Battistini F, Cordobilla B, Zaragozá MC, Sanmartin-Sentañes R, Alegre-Martin J, Cambras T, Castro-Marrero J. Association of circulating biomarkers with illness severity measures differentiates myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and post-COVID-19 condition: a prospective pilot cohort study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:343. [PMID: 38600563 PMCID: PMC11005215 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that autonomic dysfunction and persistent systemic inflammation are common clinical features in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID. However, there is limited knowledge regarding their potential association with circulating biomarkers and illness severity in these conditions. METHODS This single-site, prospective, cross-sectional, pilot cohort study aimed to distinguish between the two patient populations by using self-reported outcome measures and circulating biomarkers of endothelial function and systemic inflammation status. Thirty-one individuals with ME/CFS, 23 individuals with long COVID, and 31 matched sedentary healthy controls were included. All study participants underwent non-invasive cardiovascular hemodynamic challenge testing (10 min NASA lean test) for assessment of orthostatic intolerance. Regression analysis was used to examine associations between outcome measures and circulating biomarkers in the study participants. Classification across groups was based on principal component and discriminant analyses. RESULTS Four ME/CFS patients (13%), 1 with long COVID (4%), and 1 healthy control (3%) presented postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) using the 10-min NASA lean test. Compared with matched healthy controls, ME/CFS and long COVID subjects showed higher levels of ET-1 (p < 0.05) and VCAM-1 (p < 0.001), and lower levels of nitrites (NOx assessed as NO2- + NO3-) (p < 0.01). ME/CFS patients also showed higher levels of serpin E1 (PAI-1) and E-selectin than did both long COVID and matched control subjects (p < 0.01 in all cases). Long COVID patients had lower TSP-1 levels than did ME/CFS patients and matched sedentary healthy controls (p < 0.001). As for inflammation biomarkers, both long COVID and ME/CFS subjects had higher levels of TNF-α than did matched healthy controls (p < 0.01 in both comparisons). Compared with controls, ME/CFS patients had higher levels of IL-1β (p < 0.001), IL-4 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-10 (p < 0.001), IP-10 (p < 0.05), and leptin (p < 0.001). Principal component analysis supported differentiation between groups based on self-reported outcome measures and biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammatory status in the study population. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that combining biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation with outcome measures differentiate ME/CFS and Long COVID using robust discriminant analysis of principal components. Further research is needed to provide a more comprehensive characterization of these underlying pathomechanisms, which could be promising targets for therapeutic and preventive strategies in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Federica Battistini
- Molecular Modelling and Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Sanmartin-Sentañes
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Unit in ME/CFS and Long COVID, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
- Division of Rheumatology, Research Unit in ME/CFS and Long COVID, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Jose Alegre-Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Unit in ME/CFS and Long COVID, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
- Division of Rheumatology, Research Unit in ME/CFS and Long COVID, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
| | - Jesus Castro-Marrero
- Division of Rheumatology, Research Unit in ME/CFS and Long COVID, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
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3
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McClellan JE, Ómarsdóttir S, Roy N, Berger V, Michel C, Berti F. The totality of evidence approach in the development of AVT02 (adalimumab), a biosimilar to Humira. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2024; 15:20406223231223286. [PMID: 38250743 PMCID: PMC10799607 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231223286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a biosimilar is based on comparative structural, physicochemical, functional and clinical assessments. The sum of these analyses encompasses the 'totality of evidence', which demonstrates no clinically meaningful differences between the biosimilar and the reference product (RP). Once biosimilarity has been established, provided there is suitable scientific justification, clinical data may be extrapolated to other indications of the RP. AVT02 has been developed as a biosimilar to high-concentration, low-volume Humira (adalimumab), an anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody approved for various chronic inflammatory indications. The totality of evidence for AVT02 is described, supporting its approval as an adalimumab biosimilar for all approved indications globally. Analytical similarity assessments using mass spectrometry methods demonstrated identical amino acid sequences for AVT02 and the RP, with high similarity in terms of primary structure, post-translational modifications and higher-order structural attributes. The mechanism of action was assessed by various cell-based potency assays and binding assays, and the results demonstrated that AVT02 is highly similar to the RP. No clinically meaningful differences in terms of purity, potency and safety were observed, and minor differences in a few physiochemical attributes did not impact the in vitro biologic activity and were not considered clinically relevant. Clinical similarity was demonstrated by comparing the pharmacokinetic, efficacy, safety and immunogenicity profiles of AVT02 with those of the RP. Clinical studies supported similar pharmacokinetic and comparable immunogenicity profiles between AVT02 and the RP in healthy participants and participants with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis, with no new safety signals detected. The totality of evidence described demonstrates the biosimilarity of AVT02 to the RP, thereby fulfilling the scientific and regulatory requirements for AVT02 as a high-concentration biosimilar for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis and all approved indications of the RP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sesselja Ómarsdóttir
- Alvotech hf., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Abdelmessih R, Xu J, Hung FR, Auguste DT. Integration of an LPAR1 Antagonist into Liposomes Enhances Their Internalization and Tumor Accumulation in an Animal Model of Human Metastatic Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5500-5514. [PMID: 37844135 PMCID: PMC10631474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) is elevated in breast cancer. The deregulation of LPAR1, including the function and level of expression, is linked to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. LPAR1 antagonists, AM095 or Ki16425, may be effective therapeutic molecules, yet their limited water solubility hinders in vivo delivery. In this study, we report on the synthesis of two liposomal formulations incorporating AM095 or Ki16425, embedded within the lipid bilayer, as targeted nanocarriers for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The data show that the Ki16425 liposomal formulation exhibited a 50% increase in internalization by MBC mouse epithelial cells (4T1) and a 100% increase in tumor accumulation in a mouse model of MBC compared with that of a blank liposomal formulation (control). At the same time, normal mouse epithelial cells (EpH-4Ev) internalized the Ki16425 liposomal formulation 25% lesser than the control formulation. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the integration of AM095 or Ki16425 modified the physical and mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer, making it more flexible in these liposomal formulations compared with liposomes without drug. The incorporation of an LPAR1 antagonist within a liposomal drug delivery system represents a viable therapeutic approach for targeting the LPA-LPAR1 axis, which may hinder the progression of MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf
G. Abdelmessih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Francisco R. Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Debra T. Auguste
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Faragher JL, Auger JL, Osinski V, Meier LA, Engelson BJ, Firulyova MM, Gonzalez-Torres MI, Brombacher F, Zaitsev K, Marath A, Binstadt BA. Autoimmune Valvular Carditis Requires Endothelial Cell TNFR1 Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:943-957. [PMID: 37021574 PMCID: PMC10213135 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.319025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a key driver of cardiovascular pathology, and many systemic autoimmune/rheumatic diseases are accompanied by increased cardiac risk. In the K/B.g7 mouse model of coexisting systemic autoantibody-mediated arthritis and valvular carditis, valve inflammation depends on macrophage production of TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and IL-6 (interleukin-6). Here, we sought to determine if other canonical inflammatory pathways participate and to determine whether TNF signaling through TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1) on endothelial cells is required for valvular carditis. METHODS We first asked if type 1, 2, or 3 inflammatory cytokine systems (typified by IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-17, respectively) were critical for valvular carditis in K/B.g7 mice, using a combination of in vivo monoclonal antibody blockade and targeted genetic ablation studies. To define the key cellular targets of TNF, we conditionally deleted its main proinflammatory receptor, TNFR1, in endothelial cells. We analyzed how the absence of endothelial cell TNFR1 affected valve inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, and the expression of proinflammatory genes and molecules. RESULTS We found that typical type 1, 2, and 3 inflammatory cytokine systems were not required for valvular carditis, apart from a known initial requirement of IL-4 for autoantibody production. Despite expression of TNFR1 on a wide variety of cell types in the cardiac valve, deleting TNFR1 specifically on endothelial cells protected K/B.g7 mice from valvular carditis. This protection was accompanied by reduced expression of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule), fewer valve-infiltrating macrophages, reduced pathogenic lymphangiogenesis, and diminished proinflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSIONS TNF and IL-6 are the main cytokines driving valvular carditis in K/B.g7 mice. The interaction of TNF with TNFR1 specifically on endothelial cells promotes cardiovascular pathology in the setting of systemic autoimmune/rheumatic disease, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of the TNF:TNFR1 interaction could be beneficial in this clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Faragher
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jennifer L Auger
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lee A Meier
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Brianna J Engelson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Maria M. Firulyova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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6
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Role of c-Src and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:315-328. [PMID: 36700976 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the over production of oxidants or inactivity of antioxidants, can modulate the redox state of several target proteins such as tyrosine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. c-Src is one such non-receptor tyrosine kinase which activates NADPH oxidases (Noxs) in response to various growth factors and shear stress. Interaction between c-Src and Noxs is influenced by cell type and primary messengers such as angiotensin II, which binds to G-protein coupled receptor and activates the intracellular signaling cascade. c-Src stimulated activation of Noxs results in elevated release of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS species disturb vascular homeostasis and cause cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Interaction between c-Src and ROS in the pathobiology of cardiac fibrosis is hypothesized to be influenced by cell type and stimuli. c-Src and ROS have a bidirectional relationship, thus increased ROS levels due to c-Src mediated activation of Noxs can further activate c-Src by promoting the oxidation and sulfenylation of critical cysteine residues. This review highlights the role of c-Src and ROS in mediating downstream signaling pathways underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, due to the central role of c-Src in activation of various signaling proteins involved in differentiation, migration, proliferation, and cytoskeletal reorganization of vascular cells, it is presented as therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases except cardiac fibrosis.
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7
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Scott G, Asrat S, Allinne J, Keat Lim W, Nagashima K, Birchard D, Srivatsan S, Ajithdoss DK, Oyejide A, Ben LH, Walls J, Le Floc'h A, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. IL-4 and IL-13, not eosinophils, drive type 2 airway inflammation, remodeling and lung function decline. Cytokine 2023; 162:156091. [PMID: 36481478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Type 2 (T2) asthma is characterized by airflow limitations and elevated levels of blood and sputum eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IgE, and periostin. While eosinophils are associated with exacerbations, the contribution of eosinophils to lung inflammation, remodeling and function remains largely hypothetical. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of T2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5 on eosinophil biology and compare the impact of depleting just eosinophils versus inhibiting all aspects of T2 inflammation on airway inflammation. METHODS Human eosinophils or endothelial cells stimulated with IL-4, IL-13 or IL-5 were assessed for gene changes or chemokine release.Mice exposed to house dust mite extract received anti-IL-4Rα (dupilumab), anti-IL-5 or control antibodies and were assessed for changes in lung histological and inflammatory endpoints. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation of human eosinophils and endothelial cells induced gene expression changes related to granulocyte migration; whereas, IL-5 induced changes reflecting granulocyte differentiation.In a mouse model, blocking IL-4Rα improved lung function by impacting multiple effectors of inflammation and remodeling, except peripheral eosinophil counts, thereby disconnecting blood eosinophils from airway inflammation, remodeling and function. Blocking IL-5 globally reduced eosinophil counts but did not impact inflammatory or functional measures of lung pathology. Whole lung transcriptome analysis revealed that IL-5 or IL-4Rα blockade impacted eosinophil associated genes, whereas IL-4Rα blockade also impacted genes associated with multiple cells, cytokines and chemokines, mucus production, cell:cell adhesion and vascular permeability. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils are not the sole contributor to asthma pathophysiology or lung function decline and emphasizes the need to block additional mediators to modify lung inflammation and impact lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Scott
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Seblewongel Asrat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jeanne Allinne
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kirsten Nagashima
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dylan Birchard
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Subhashini Srivatsan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani K Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Johnathon Walls
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Audrey Le Floc'h
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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de Araújo MCM, Alfieri DF, Lehmann ALCF, Luz TF, Trevisani ER, Nagao MR, de Freitas LB, Simão ANC, Reiche EMV. Baseline severity and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) as biomarker predictors of short-term mortality in acute ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:657-670. [PMID: 36409382 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the association between plasma levels of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) and risk factors, subtypes, severity and short-term mortality of acute ischemic stroke (IS), and to identify a panel of biomarkers to predict short-term mortality after IS. The prospective study evaluated 132 IS patients within 24 h of their hospital admission. The baseline IS severity was assessed using the National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and categorized as mild (NIHSS < 5), moderate (NIHSS 5-14) and severe (NIHSS ≥ 15). After three-month follow-up, the disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); moreover, the patients were classified as survivors and non-survivors. Baseline inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and soluble CAMs were evaluated. Twenty-nine (21.9%) IS patients were non-survivors and showed higher NIHSS and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) than the survivors. The sVCAM-1 levels positively correlated with age, homocysteine, severity, and disability. The model #3 combining sVCAM-1 and NIHSS showed better results to predict short-term mortality with an area under the curve receiving operating characteristics (AUC/ROC) of 0.8841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.795-0.941] than the models with sVCAM-1 and NIHSS alone, with positive predictive value of 68.0%, negative predictive value of 91.3%, and accuracy of 86.5%. In conclusion, the combined model with baseline severity of IS and sVCAM-1 levels can early predict the prognosis of IS patients who may benefit with therapeutic measures of personalized therapy that taken into account these biomarkers. Moreover, this result suggests that VCAM-1 might be a potential target for the therapeutic strategies in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caroline Martins de Araújo
- Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Frizon Alfieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Cruz Fürstenberger Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center and Radiology Service of the University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tamires Flauzino Luz
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emmanuelle Roberto Trevisani
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maisa Rocha Nagao
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bodner de Freitas
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil.
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Xiong Y, Cai M, Xu Y, Dong P, Chen H, He W, Zhang J. Joint together: The etiology and pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996103. [PMID: 36325352 PMCID: PMC9619093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) refers to a group of diseases with inflammation in joints and spines. In this family, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rare but classic form that mainly involves the spine and sacroiliac joint, leading to the loss of flexibility and fusion of the spine. Compared to other diseases in SpA, AS has a very distinct hereditary disposition and pattern of involvement, and several hypotheses about its etiopathogenesis have been proposed. In spite of significant advances made in Th17 dynamics and AS treatment, the underlying mechanism remains concealed. To this end, we covered several topics, including the nature of the immune response, the microenvironment in the articulation that is behind the disease's progression, and the split between the hypotheses and the evidence on how the intestine affects arthritis. In this review, we describe the current findings of AS and SpA, with the aim of providing an integrated view of the initiation of inflammation and the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Cai
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
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Shabestari AA, Imanparast F, Mohaghegh P, Kiyanrad H. The effects of asthma on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in children with pneumonia. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:534. [PMID: 36076196 PMCID: PMC9454215 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) are prominent and interesting as the unfavorable clinical outcomes of it. Asthma as a common chronic respiratory disease may affect the clinical outcomes of pneumonia, but the exact mechanism of this effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to assess the effects of asthma on the OS, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in the children pneumonia. METHODS A cross-sectional study designed with a total of 75 children including both severe CAP and asthma (as group I), severe CAP alone (as group II), and healthy children (as group III) was conducted. Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The mean of anthropometric and biochemical parameters was compared by ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test between groups. RESULTS We observed TAC levels in groups I and II (0.997 ± 0.22 and 1.23 ± 0.21 mmol/l, respectively) were significantly lower compared with group III (1.46 ± 0.19 mmol/l, P value < 0.001). It was significantly higher in group II than in group I (P value < 0.001). Also, we observed MDA and TNF-α levels in groups I (6.94 ± 1.61 μmol/l, 7.34 ± 2.23 pg/ml, respectively) and II (2.57 ± 0.40 μmol/l, 5.54 ± 1.84 pg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher compared with group III (1.89 ± 0.27 μmol/l, 3.42 ± 1.32 pg/ml, P value < 0.001, P value < 0.001, respectively). VCAM-1 and PAI-1 levels as the endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were significantly higher in group I (1.5 ± 0.62 mmol/l, 10.52 ± 3.2 AU/ml, respectively) compared with groups II (1.06 ± 0.53 mmol/l and 8.23 ± 3.4 AU/ml; P value < 0.001, P value < 0.001, respectively) and III (0.6 ± 0.35 mmol/l and 2.39 ± 0.83 AU/ml; P value < 0.001, P value < 0.001, respectively). Also, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in group II compared with groups III (P value < 0.001, P value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Asthma can exacerbate the vascular dysfunction of pneumonia in children by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arjmand Shabestari
- Department of Pediatrics, Amirkabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Imanparast
- Department of Pediatrics, Amirkabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Pegah Mohaghegh
- Department of Pediatrics, Amirkabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Habibeh Kiyanrad
- Department of Pediatrics, Amirkabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Hemmersbach L, Schreiner Y, Zhang X, Dicke F, Hünemeyer L, Neudörfl J, Fleming T, Yard B, Schmalz H. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Water‐Soluble Esterase‐Activated CO‐Releasing Molecules Targeting Mitochondria. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201670. [PMID: 35771078 PMCID: PMC9543658 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hemmersbach
- Department of Chemistry Universität zu Köln Greinstrasse 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiner
- Vth Medical Department Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Xinmiao Zhang
- Vth Medical Department Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Finn Dicke
- Department of Chemistry Universität zu Köln Greinstrasse 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Leon Hünemeyer
- Department of Chemistry Universität zu Köln Greinstrasse 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry University Hospital of Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Medical Department Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3 68167 Mannheim Germany
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12
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Yang CM, Yang CC, Hsu WH, Hsiao LD, Tseng HC, Shih YF. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20 Expression through TNF Receptor 1-Dependent Activation of EGFR/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2/FoxO1 or the NF-κB Pathway in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169086. [PMID: 36012347 PMCID: PMC9409325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. It is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine in many heart disorders, including chronic heart failure and ischemic heart disease, contributing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The implication of TNF-α in inflammatory responses in the heart has been indicated to be mediated through the induction of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20 (CCL20). However, the detailed mechanisms of TNF-α-induced CCL20 upregulation in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) are not completely defined. We demonstrated that in HCFs, TNF-α induced CCL20 mRNA expression and promoter activity leading to an increase in the secretion of CCL20. TNF-α-mediated responses were attenuated by pretreatment with TNFR1 antibody, the inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (AG1478), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38 inhibitor VIII, p38i VIII), c-Jun amino N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 (SP600125), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) (helenalin), or forkhead box O (FoxO)1 (AS1841856) and transfection with siRNA of TNFR1, EGFR, p38α, JNK2, p65, or FoxO1. Moreover, TNF-α markedly induced EGFR, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, FoxO1, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation which was inhibited by their respective inhibitors in these cells. In addition, TNF-α-enhanced binding of FoxO1 or p65 to the CCL20 promoter was inhibited by p38i VIII, SP600125, and AS1841856, or helenalin, respectively. Accordingly, in HCFs, our findings are the first to clarify that TNF-α-induced CCL20 secretion is mediated through a TNFR1-dependent EGFR/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2/FoxO1 or NF-κB cascade. We demonstrated that TNFR1-derived EGFR transactivation is involved in the TNF-α-induced responses in these cells. Understanding the regulation of CCL20 expression by TNF-α on HCFs may provide a potential therapeutic strategy in cardiac inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2229)
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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13
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Kimura T, Panaroni C, Rankin EB, Purton LE, Wu JY. Loss of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Signaling in Osteoprogenitors Is Associated With Accumulation of Multiple Hematopoietic Lineages in the Bone Marrow. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1321-1334. [PMID: 35490308 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and their progenitors play an important role in the support of hematopoiesis within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) signaling in osteoprogenitors is required for normal B cell precursor differentiation, and for trafficking of maturing B cells out of the BM. Cells of the osteoblast lineage have been implicated in the regulation of several other hematopoietic cell populations, but the effects of PTH1R signaling in osteoprogenitors on other maturing hematopoietic populations have not been investigated. Here we report that numbers of maturing myeloid, T cell, and erythroid populations were increased in the BM of mice lacking PTH1R in Osx-expressing osteoprogenitors (PTH1R-OsxKO mice; knockout [KO]). This increase in maturing hematopoietic populations was not associated with an increase in progenitor populations or proliferation. The spleens of PTH1R-OsxKO mice were small with decreased numbers of all hematopoietic populations, suggesting that trafficking of mature hematopoietic populations between BM and spleen is impaired in the absence of PTH1R in osteoprogenitors. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of osteoprogenitors and their descendants in bone and BM revealed increased expression of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), factors that are involved in trafficking of several hematopoietic populations. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Kimura
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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5,8-Dihydroxy-4 , 7-dimethoxyflavone Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 through EGFR/PKCα/PI3K/Akt/Sp1-Dependent Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1372958. [PMID: 35281466 PMCID: PMC8916851 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we found that 5,8-dihydroxy-4
,7-dimethoxyflavone (DDF) upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) pathway in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). However, the alternative processes by which DDF induces the upregulation of HO-1 expression are unknown. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and protein kinase C (PKC)α may initiate specificity protein (Sp)1 activity, which has been reported to induce expression of antioxidant molecules. Thus, we explored whether these components are engaged in DDF-induced HO-1 upregulation in HCFs. Western blotting, promoter-reporter analyses, and real-time polymerase chain reactions were adopted to measure HO-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expressions in HCFs. Respective small interfering (si)RNAs and pharmacological inhibitors were employed to investigate the signaling components engaged in DDF-induced HO-1 upregulation. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to detect the binding interaction of Sp1 and antioxidant response elements (ARE) on the promoter of HO-1. An adhesion assay of THP-1 monocyte was undertaken to examine the functional effect of HO-1 on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced VCAM-1 expression. DDF stimulated the EGFR/PKCα/PI3K/Akt pathway leading to activation of Sp1 in HCFs. The roles of these protein kinases in HO-1 induction were ensured by transfection with their respective siRNAs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the interaction between Sp1 and the binding site of proximal ARE on the HO-1 promoter, which was abolished by glutathione, AG1478, Gö6976, LY294002, or mithramycin A. HO-1 expression enhanced by DDF abolished the monocyte adherence to HCFs and VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α. Pretreatment with an inhibitor of HO-1: zinc protoporphyrin IX reversed these inhibitory effects of HO-1. We concluded that DDF-induced HO-1 expression was mediated via an EGFR/PKCα/PI3K/Akt-dependent Sp1 pathway and attenuated the responses of inflammation in HCFs.
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15
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Halim A, Narayanan G, Hato T, Ho L, Wan D, Siedlecki AM, Rhee EP, Allegretti AS, Nigwekar SU, Zehnder D, Hiemstra TF, Bonventre JV, Charytan DM, Kalim S, Thadhani R, Lu T, Lim K. Myocardial Cytoskeletal Adaptations in Advanced Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022991. [PMID: 35179046 PMCID: PMC9075094 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The myocardial cytoskeleton functions as the fundamental framework critical for organelle function, bioenergetics and myocardial remodeling. To date, impairment of the myocardial cytoskeleton occurring in the failing heart in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease has been largely undescribed. Methods and Results We conducted a 3-arm cross-sectional cohort study of explanted human heart tissues from patients who are dependent on hemodialysis (n=19), hypertension (n=10) with preserved renal function, and healthy controls (n=21). Left ventricular tissues were subjected to pathologic examination and next-generation RNA sequencing. Mechanistic and interference RNA studies utilizing in vitro human cardiac fibroblast models were performed. Left ventricular tissues from patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited increased myocardial wall thickness and significantly greater fibrosis compared with hypertension patients (P<0.05) and control (P<0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the focal adhesion pathway was significantly enriched in hearts from patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hearts from patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited dysregulated components of the focal adhesion pathway including reduced β-actin (P<0.01), β-tubulin (P<0.01), vimentin (P<0.05), and increased expression of vinculin (P<0.05) compared with controls. Cytoskeletal adaptations in hearts from the hemodialysis group were associated with impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, including dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and fusion, and loss of cell survival pathways. Mechanistic studies revealed that cytoskeletal changes can be driven by uremic and metabolic abnormalities of chronic kidney disease, in vitro. Furthermore, focal adhesion kinase silencing via interference RNA suppressed major cytoskeletal proteins synergistically with mineral stressors found in chronic kidney disease in vitro. Conclusions Myocardial failure in advanced chronic kidney disease is characterized by impairment of the cytoskeleton involving disruption of the focal adhesion pathway, mitochondrial failure, and loss of cell survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Halim
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Gayatri Narayanan
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Takashi Hato
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Lilun Ho
- Department of Computer Science, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
| | - Douglas Wan
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Toronto and Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada
| | | | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Andrew S. Allegretti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Sagar U. Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daniel Zehnder
- Department of Nephrology and Department of Acute MedicineNorth Cumbria University Hospital NHS TrustCarlisleUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Hiemstra
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit and School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - David M. Charytan
- Division of NephrologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | - Sahir Kalim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Tzongshi Lu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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16
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Annexin A1 attenuates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in mice with inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020385118. [PMID: 34526398 PMCID: PMC8463875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020385118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries a twofold increased incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, accompanied by diastolic dysfunction, which can lead to death. The causes of diastolic dysfunction are unknown, and there are currently no well-characterized animal models for studying these mechanisms. Current medications for RA do not have marked beneficial cardio-protective effects. K/BxN F1 progeny and KRN control mice were analyzed over time for arthritis development, monitoring left ventricular diastolic and systolic function using echocardiography. Excised hearts were analyzed by flow cytometry, qPCR, and histology. In pharmacological experiments, K/BxN F1 mice were treated with human recombinant AnxA1 (hrAnxA1, 1 μg/mouse) or vehicle daily. K/BxN F1 mice exhibited fully developed arthritis with normal cardiac function at 4 wk; however, by week 8, all mice displayed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. This dysfunction was associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and inflammatory markers. Daily treatment of K/BxN F1 mice with hrAnxA1 from weeks 4 to 8 halted progression of the diastolic dysfunction. The treatment reduced cardiac transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic markers. At the cellular level, hrAnxA1 decreased activated T cells and increased MHC IIlow macrophage infiltration in K/BxN F1 hearts. Similar effects were obtained when hrAnxA1 was administered from week 8 to week 15. We describe an animal model of inflammatory arthritis that recapitulates the cardiomyopathy of RA. Treatment with hrAnxA1 after disease onset corrected the diastolic dysfunction through modulation of both fibroblast and inflammatory cell phenotype within the heart.
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Guo J, Zhao X, Liu Z, Liu D, Tang X, Wang K, Wang M, Huang Y, Tong D. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus ORF3b up-regulates miR-885-3p to counteract TNF-α production via inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109189. [PMID: 34375914 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is an acute viral disease and characterized as severe acute inflammation response that leads to diarrhea, vomiting, and high lethality of piglets. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a member of coronavirus, is the pathogen of TGE. We previously found NF-κB pathway was activated and 65 miRNAs were changed in response to inflammation caused by TGEV in cell line porcine intestinal epithelial cells-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2). Bioinformatics results showed that these altered miRNAs were relevant to inflammation. In this study, the candidate targets of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted and analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Based on the results of KEGG analysis, miR-885-3p might participate in regulating activation of NF-κB pathway and TNF pathway. To study the function of miR-885-3p, miR-885-3p mimics and inhibitors were artificially synthesized and respectively used for overexpression and silence of miR-885-3p in cells. Our results showed that miR-885-3p inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (Bcl-10) was identified as the target of miR-885-3p, and promoted NF-κB pathway activation and TNF-α production. It was found that TGEV open reading frame 3b (TGEV-ORF3b) suppressed Bcl-10 expression, activation of NF-κB pathway, and TNF-α production by uniquely up-regulated miR-885-3p expression. Overall, the results indicated that TGEV-ORF3b counteracted NF-κB pathway and TNF-α via regulating miR-885-3p and Bcl-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Mengli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Hayek A, Paccalet A, Mechtouff L, Da Silva CC, Ivanes F, Falque H, Leboube S, Varillon Y, Amaz C, de Bourguignon C, Prieur C, Tomasevic D, Genot N, Derimay F, Bonnefoy‐Cudraz E, Bidaux G, Mewton N, Ovize M, Bochaton T. Kinetics and prognostic value of soluble VCAM-1 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:493-501. [PMID: 33559404 PMCID: PMC8127550 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) is a biomarker of endothelial activation and inflammation. There is still controversy as to whether it can predict clinical outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our aim was to assess the sVCAM-1 kinetics and to evaluate its prognostic predictive value. METHOD We prospectively enrolled 251 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent coronary revascularization in our university hospital. Blood samples were collected at admission, 4, 24, 48 h and 1 month after admission. sVCAM-1 serum level was assessed using ELISA assay. All patients had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1-month for infarct size (IS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment. Clinical outcomes were recorded over 12 months after STEMI. RESULTS sVCAM-1 levels significantly increased from admission up to 1 month and were significantly correlated with IS, LVEF, and LV end-systolic and diastolic volume. (H48 area under curve (AUC) ≥ H48 median) were associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events during the 12-month follow-up period with a hazard ratio (HR) = 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] of ratio = 1.2-5.6, p = .02). The ability of H48 AUC for sVCAM-1 to discriminate between patients with or without the composite endpoint was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics with an AUC at 0.67 (0.57-0.78, p = .004). This ability was significantly superior to H48 AUC creatine kinase (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients, high sVCAM-1 levels are associated with a poor clinical outcome. sVCAM-1 is an early postmyocardial infarction biomarker and might be an interesting target for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hayek
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Alexandre Paccalet
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon UniversityLyonFrance
| | - Claire C. Da Silva
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Fabrice Ivanes
- Faculty of Medicine, Loire Valley Cardiovascular CollaborationUniversity of ToursToursFrance
- Department of Cardiology and FACTCHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Hadrien Falque
- Department of Cardiology, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Simon Leboube
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Yvonne Varillon
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Camille Amaz
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Charles de Bourguignon
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Cyril Prieur
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Danka Tomasevic
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Nathalie Genot
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - François Derimay
- Department of Cardiology, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Eric Bonnefoy‐Cudraz
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
- Department of Cardiovascular Functional Exploration, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Thomas Bochaton
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
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Wu H, Chu Y, Sun S, Li G, Xu S, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Gao S, Wang Q, Zhang J, Pang D. Hypoxia-Mediated Complement 1q Binding Protein Regulates Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Modulates the PKC-NF-κB-VCAM-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607142. [PMID: 33708767 PMCID: PMC7940382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Complement 1q binding protein (C1QBP/HABP1/p32/gC1qR) has been found to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanisms of high C1QBP expression and its role in TNBC remain largely unclear. Hypoxia is a tumor-associated microenvironment that promotes metastasis and paclitaxel (PTX) chemoresistance in tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to assess C1QBP expression and explore its role in hypoxia-related metastasis and chemoresistance in TNBC. Materials and Methods RNA-sequencing of TNBC cells under hypoxia was performed to identify C1QBP. The effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) on C1QBP expression was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The role of C1QBP in mediating metastasis, chemoresistance to PTX, and regulation of metastasis-linked vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression were studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Clinical tissue microarrays were used to verify the correlation of C1QBP with the expression of HIF-1α, VCAM-1, and RELA proto-oncogene nuclear factor-kappa B subunit (P65). Results We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α upregulated C1QBP. The inhibition of C1QBP notably blocked metastasis of TNBC cells and increased their sensitivity to PTX under hypoxic conditions. Depletion of C1QBP decreased VCAM-1 expression by reducing the amount of P65 in the nucleus and suppressed the activation of hypoxia-induced protein kinase C-nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-κB) signaling.immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the tissue microarray showed positive correlations between the C1QBP level and those of HIF-1α, P65, and VCAM-1. Conclusion Targeting C1QBP along with PTX treatment might be a potential treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yijun Chu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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20
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Chelvanambi M, Fecek RJ, Taylor JL, Storkus WJ. STING agonist-based treatment promotes vascular normalization and tertiary lymphoid structure formation in the therapeutic melanoma microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001906. [PMID: 33526609 PMCID: PMC7852948 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of immune infiltration in tumors, especially CD8+ T cells, greatly impacts patient disease course and response to interventional immunotherapy. Enhancement of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) is a critical element of efficacious therapy and one that may be achieved via administration of agents that promote tumor vascular normalization (VN) and/or induce the development of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Low-dose stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist ADU S-100 (5 µg/mouse) was delivered intratumorally to established subcutaneous B16.F10 melanomas on days 10, 14 and 17 post-tumor inoculation. Treated and control tumors were isolated at various time points to assess transcriptional changes associated with VN and TLS formation via quantitative PCR (qPCR), with corollary immune cell composition changes in isolated tissues determined using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. In vitro assays were performed on CD11c+ BMDCs treated with 2.5 µg/mL ADU S-100 or CD11c+ DCs isolated from tumor digests and associated transcriptional changes analyzed via qPCR or profiled using DNA microarrays. For T cell repertoireβ-CDR3 analyses, T cell CDR3 was sequenced from gDNA isolated from splenocytes and enzymatically digested tumors. RESULTS We report that activation of STING within the TME leads to slowed melanoma growth in association with increased production of antiangiogenic factors including Tnfsf15 (Vegi) and Cxcl10, and TLS-inducing factors including Ccl19, Ccl21, Lta, Ltb and Light. Therapeutic responses resulting from intratumoral STING activation were characterized by improved VN, enhanced tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells and CD11c+ DCs and local TLS neogenesis, all of which were dependent on host expression of STING. Consistent with a central role for DC in TLS formation, ADU S-100-activated mCD11c+ DCs also exhibited upregulated expression of TLS promoting factors including lymphotoxin-α (LTA), interleukin (IL)-36, inflammatory chemokines and type I interferons in vitro and in vivo. TLS formation in ADU S-100-treated mice was associated with the development of a highly oligoclonal TIL repertoire enriched in expanded T cell clonotypes unique to the TME and not detected in the periphery. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the premise that i.t. delivery of low-dose STING agonist promotes VN and a proinflammatory TME supportive of TLS formation, enrichment in the TIL repertoire and tumor growth control.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenic Proteins/genetics
- Angiogenic Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/agonists
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures/immunology
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures/metabolism
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures/pathology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Chelvanambi
- Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Wei SG, Yu Y, Felder RB. TNF-α-induced sympathetic excitation requires EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling in cardiovascular regulatory regions of the forebrain. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H772-H786. [PMID: 33337962 PMCID: PMC8082799 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00606.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally or centrally administered TNF-α elicits a prolonged sympathetically mediated pressor response, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cardiovascular regions of the brain has recently been recognized as a key mediator of sympathetic excitation, and ERK1/2 signaling is induced by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity. The present study examined the role of EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling in the sympathetic response to TNF-α. In urethane-anesthetized rats, intracarotid artery injection of TNF-α increased phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 in the subfornical organ (SFO) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN); upregulated the gene expression of excitatory mediators in SFO and PVN; and increased blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). A continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of the selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly attenuated these responses. Bilateral PVN microinjections of TNF-α also increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and the gene expression of excitatory mediators in PVN, along with increases in BP, HR, and RSNA, and these responses were substantially reduced by prior bilateral PVN microinjections of AG1478. These results identify activation of EGFR in cardiovascular regulatory regions of the forebrain as an important molecular mediator of TNF-α-driven sympatho-excitatory responses and suggest that EGFR activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays an essential role. These mechanisms likely contribute to sympathetic excitation in pathophysiological states like heart failure and hypertension, in which circulating and brain TNF-α levels are increased.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the augmented sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension and heart failure, but the central mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The present study reveals that TNF-α transactivates EGFR in the subfornical organ and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to initiate ERK1/2 signaling, upregulate the gene expression of excitatory mediators, and increase sympathetic nerve activity. These findings identify EGFR as a gateway to sympathetic excitation and a potential target for intervention in cardiovascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Guang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yang Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert B Felder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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22
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Radaei Z, Zamani A, Najafi R, Saidijam M, Jalilian FA, Ezati R, Solgi G, Amini R. Promising Effects of Zerumbone on the Regulation of Tumor-promoting Cytokines Induced by TNF-α-activated Fibroblasts. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1075-1084. [PMID: 33428135 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are associated with the induction of inflammation. Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of cancer through several mechanisms, including increased cytokine production and activation of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Zerumbone (ZER), a component of subtropical ginger (Zingiber zerumbet Smith), seems to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective function and mechanisms of ZER against TNF-α-induced cancer-promoting cytokines. We found that the viability of stimulated human fibroblast cell lines was reduced after treatment with ZER (IC50=18 µmol/L), compared to un-stimulated fibroblasts (IC50=40 µmol/L). Besides, ZER inhibited mRNA expression and protein secretion of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-33 (IL-33), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which were produced by TNF-α-induced fibroblasts, as measured by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA assays. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β, IL-33, SDF-1, and MCP-1 showed 8, 5, 2.5, and 4-fold reductions, respectively. Moreover, secretion of TGF-β, IL-33, SDF-1, and MCP-1 was reduced to 3.65±0.34 ng/mL, 6.3±0.26, 1703.6±295.2, and 5.02±0.18 pg/mL, respectively, compared to the untreated group. In addition, the conditioned media (CM) of TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts increased the NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and Sw48), while in the vicinity of ZER, the expression of NF-κB was reversed. Considering the significant effects of ZER, this component can be used as an appropriate alternative herbal treatment for cancer-related chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Radaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Razieh Ezati
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 14965, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran.
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23
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Jiang F, Xu XR, Li WM, Xia K, Wang LF, Yang XC. Monotropein alleviates H2O2‑induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis via NF‑κB/AP‑1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4828-4836. [PMID: 33173962 PMCID: PMC7646929 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of CVD, and are closely associated with senescent vascular endothelial cells. Monotropein (Mtp) exerts various bioactive roles, including anti‑inflammatory and antioxidative effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of Mtp in senescent endothelial cells. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate the influence of Mtp on H2O2‑stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Senescent cells were assessed by determining the expression of senescence‑associated β‑galactosidase, high mobility group AT‑hook 1 and DNA damage marker γ‑H2A.X variant histone. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px) and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations were estimated using assay kits to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in HUVECs. The TUNEL assay was performed to identify apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of endothelial cell adhesion factors, NF‑κB, activator protein‑1 (AP‑1) and apoptotic proteins were determined via western blotting. Mtp enhanced HUVEC viability following H2O2 stimulation. H2O2‑mediated increases in MDA, proinflammatory cytokine and endothelial cell adhesion factor levels were decreased by Mtp treatment, whereas Mtp reversed H2O2‑mediated downregulation of SOD and GSH‑Px activity. Furthermore, Mtp inhibited cell apoptosis, NF‑κB activation and AP‑1 expression in H2O2‑stimulated HUVECs; however, NF‑κB activator counteracted the anti‑inflammatory, antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects of Mtp. The present study indicated that Mtp ameliorated H2O2‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress potentially by regulating NF‑κB/AP‑1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Xu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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24
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Hanchard J, Capó-Vélez CM, Deusch K, Lidington D, Bolz SS. Stabilizing Cellular Barriers: Raising the Shields Against COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:583006. [PMID: 33101215 PMCID: PMC7554589 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.583006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical manifestation (COVID-19; coronavirus disease 2019) have caused a worldwide health crisis. Disruption of epithelial and endothelial barriers is a key clinical turning point that differentiates patients who are likely to develop severe COVID-19 outcomes: it marks a significant escalation in respiratory symptoms, loss of viral containment and a progression toward multi-organ dysfunction. These barrier mechanisms are independently compromised by known COVID-19 risk factors, including diabetes, obesity and aging: thus, a synergism between these underlying conditions and SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms may explain why these risk factors correlate with more severe outcomes. This review examines the key cellular mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying risk factors utilize to disrupt barrier function. As an outlook, we propose that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) may be a therapeutic intervention that can slow COVID-19 progression and improve clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. GLP-1 signaling activates barrier-promoting processes that directly oppose the pro-inflammatory mechanisms commandeered by SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hanchard
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Darcy Lidington
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Nash M, McGrath JP, Cartland SP, Patel S, Kavurma MM. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily members in ischaemic vascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:713-720. [PMID: 30816914 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of ischaemic vascular diseases such as coronary and peripheral artery disease includes angioplasty and bypass grafting, as well as lipid lowering therapies and control of other cardiovascular risk factors. Numerous members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) have recently shown emerging roles in both the protection and progression of such diseases. Understanding the role TNFSF members play in ischaemic vascular disease may provide insight into the development of novel therapeutics to prevent or treat diseases relating to atherosclerosis and ischaemia. This review summarizes the most recent findings relating to TNFSF members and the mechanisms that precede ischaemic vascular disease progression, particularly endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque development. This review also explores recent translational research on the role of TNFSF therapies in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Nash
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jordan P McGrath
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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26
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Ren F, Zhang M, Zhang C, Sang H. Psoriasis-Like Inflammation Induced Renal Dysfunction through the TLR/NF- κB Signal Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3535264. [PMID: 32090080 PMCID: PMC6996681 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3535264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathological studies have shown an association between psoriasis and renal injury (RI), but the mechanism between RI and psoriasis was still unclear. This paper was designed to investigate the relationship and mechanism between psoriasis-like inflammation and renal injury in BALB/C mice. Mice were topically smeared imiquimod followed by various analyses in skin lesions, urine protein, kidney/serum inflammatory cytokines, kidney function, podocyte membrane proteins, and toll-like receptors/nuclear factor kappa-b (TLR/NF-κB) pathway-associated proteins. Meanwhile, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (DEX) were intraperitoneally injected to promote and inhibit inflammation accompanied by imiquimod to elaborate the relevance between inflammatory levels and RI. In the model group, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores of scaly and erythema obviously increased (p < 0.01), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly increased (p < 0.01), the positive area of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining in kidney increased (p < 0.01), malondialdehyde significantly increased with superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased (p < 0.01), 24-hour urine protein increased and the expressions of podocin and CD2 associate protein (CD2AP) decreased (p < 0.01), and kidney/serum inflammatory factors (IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-22) and TLR/NF-κB-related expression (TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κBp65) all increased (p < 0.01). The RI was aggravated with the TLR/NF-κB related expression being upregulated by LPS (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the RI was alleviated by DEX (p < 0.05). Our data showed that psoriasis-like inflammation damaged the renal function via the TLR/NF-κB signal pathway. Inhibiting TLR/NF-κB-related protein expression may be effective for the treatment of RI caused by psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305# Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 168# Gushan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305# Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Hong Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305# Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
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27
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Mouton AJ, El Hajj EC, Ninh VK, Siggins RW, Gardner JD. Inflammatory cardiac fibroblast phenotype underlies chronic alcohol-induced cardiac atrophy and dysfunction. Life Sci 2020; 245:117330. [PMID: 31962130 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms of chronic alcohol-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. We also sought to determine the role of cardiac fibroblasts, which play a dynamic role in cardiac remodeling, in mediating these effects. MAIN METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to ethanol (EtOH) vapor inhalation for 16 weeks. Echocardiography was performed to assess terminal cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from the left ventricle (LV) for both ex vivo and in vitro analysis. Cultured H9C2 cells were also exposed to conditioned media from alcohol-exposed cardiac fibroblasts. Gene expression in whole LV tissue, isolated cardiac fibroblasts, or cultured H9C2 cells was determined by real-time PCR, and protein expression was determined by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS EtOH led to LV wall thinning and impaired systolic function, and decreased contractile protein mRNA levels. EtOH increased LV inflammatory markers, JNK and Akt activation, and decreased mTOR expression. EtOH induced myofibroblast activation as assessed by flow cytometry, and increased LV collagen III expression. EtOH increased expression of several inflammatory mediators in cardiac fibroblasts both ex vivo and in vitro. Administration of conditioned media from EtOH-treated fibroblasts decreased contractile protein mRNA levels and impaired Akt and mTOR signaling in differentiated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that EtOH-induced cardiac atrophy and dysfunction is associated with activation of inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, EtOH may induce a pro-inflammatory cardiac fibroblast phenotype, leading to aberrant fibroblast-myocyte cross-talk. Thus, EtOH may promote cardiac muscle wasting in part by activation of pro-inflammatory fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mouton
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States of America
| | - E C El Hajj
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States of America
| | - V K Ninh
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States of America
| | - R W Siggins
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States of America
| | - J D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States of America.
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Kim SH, Thomas MJ, Wu D, Carman CV, Ordovás JM, Meydani M. Edible Mushrooms Reduce Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2019; 149:1377-1384. [PMID: 31162580 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commonly consumed mushrooms, portobello (PBM) and shiitake (SHM), are abundant in nutrients, soluble dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds that have been implicated as beneficial in reducing inflammation, improving lipid profiles, and ameliorating heart disease and atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease of the arteries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine effects of PBM and SHM in preventing atherosclerosis and associated inflammation in an animal model. METHODS Four-week-old Ldlr-/- male mice were divided into 5 dietary groups for 16 wk: a low-fat control (LF-C, 11 kcal% fat), high-fat control (HF-C, 18.9 kcal% fat), HF + 10% (wt:wt) PBM (HF-PBM, 19.5 kcal% fat) or SHM (HF-SHM, 19.7 kcal% fat) powder, and HF + mushroom control mix (MIX-C, 19.6 kcal% fat), a diet best matched to the average macronutrient content of both mushrooms. Body composition was measured using MRI. Aortic tricuspid valves and aortas were collected and stained to quantify plaque formation. Adhesion molecule expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Plasma lipid and cytokine concentrations were measured. RESULTS We found that mice fed a HF-SHM diet had ∼86% smaller aortic lesion area than mice in both HF-C (P < 0.01) and MIX-C (P < 0.01) groups and also expressed 31-48% lower vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels (P < 0.05) than all other groups. Similarly, HF-PBM-fed mice displayed a 70% reduction in aortic lesion area in the tricuspid valve only (P < 0.05). Both mushroom-fed groups had lower weight gain and fat mass (P < 0.05) than the control groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that consumption of PBMs and particularly SHMs is effective in preventing development of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Future studies will determine active components in mushrooms responsible for this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Kim
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - José M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.,IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Poret JM, Battle C, Mouton AJ, Gaudet DA, Souza-Smith F, Gardner JD, Braymer HD, Harrison-Bernard L, Primeaux SD. The prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors is differentially elevated in obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel and obesity-resistant S5B/Pl rats. Life Sci 2019; 223:95-101. [PMID: 30872180 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Individual susceptibility to develop obesity may impact the development of cardio-metabolic risk factors that lead to obesity-related comorbid conditions. Obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel (OM) rats expressed higher levels of visceral adipose inflammation than obesity-resistant, S5B/Pl (S5B) rats. However, the consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) differentially affected OM and S5B rats and induced an increase in visceral adipose inflammation in S5B rats. The current study examined the effects of HFD consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors in OM and S5B rats. MATERIALS & METHODS Glucose regulation and circulating levels of lipids, adiponectin and C-reactive protein were assessed following 8 weeks of HFD or low fat diet (LFD) consumption. Left ventricle hypertrophy and mRNA expression of cardiovascular disease biomarkers were also quantified in OM and S5B rats. KEY FINDINGS Circulating levels of triglycerides were higher, while HDL cholesterol, adiponectin and glycemic control were lower in OM rats, compared to S5B rats. In the left ventricle, BNP and CTGF mRNA expression were higher in OM rats and IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, and iNOS mRNA expression were higher in S5B rats. SIGNIFICANCE These findings support the hypothesis that cardio-metabolic risk factors are increased in obesity-prone individuals, which may increase the risk for the development of obesity-related comorbidities. In the current models, obesity-resistant S5B rats also exhibited cardiovascular risk factors supporting the importance of monitoring cardiovascular health in individuals characterized as obesity-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonquil M Poret
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Claire Battle
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Darryl A Gaudet
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Flavia Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - H Douglas Braymer
- Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Lisa Harrison-Bernard
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America; Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America.
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30
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Jang SA, Park DW, Sohn EH, Lee SR, Kang SC. Hyperoside suppresses tumor necrosis factor α-mediated vascular inflammatory responses by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Romano E Silva AC, Dias GM, de Carvalho JJ, De Lorenzo A, Kasal DAB. Research proposal: inflammation and oxidative stress in coronary artery bypass surgery graft: comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:635. [PMID: 30176909 PMCID: PMC6122454 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus patients (DM) have more severe progression of atherosclerotic disease than non-diabetic (NDM) individuals. In situ inflammation and oxidative stress are key points in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, a concept largely based on animal model research. There are few studies comparing inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in medium-sized arteries between DM and NDM patients. A fragment of the internal mammary artery used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) will be employed for this purpose OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, nuclear factor kappa B, the enzymes superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the vascular wall of the arterial graft used in CABG, comparing DM and NDM patients RESULTS: The present study will add information to the vascular degenerative processes occurring in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Romano E Silva
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras No. 374, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22240-006, Brazil
| | - Glauber Monteiro Dias
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras No. 374, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22240-006, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea De Lorenzo
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras No. 374, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22240-006, Brazil
| | - Daniel Arthur Barata Kasal
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras No. 374, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22240-006, Brazil. .,Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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32
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Li XN, Zuo YZ, Qin L, Liu W, Li YH, Li JL. Atrazine-xenobiotic nuclear receptor interactions induce cardiac inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:549-559. [PMID: 29778080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is one of the most extensively used herbicide that eventually leaches into groundwater and surface water from agricultural areas. Exposure to ATR does harm to the health of human and animals, especially the heart. However, ATR exposure caused cardiotoxicity in bird remains unclear. To evaluate ATR-exerted potential cardiotoxicity in heart, quail were exposed with 0, 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW/day ATR by gavage treatment for 45 days. Cardiac histopathological alternation was observed in ATR-induced quail. ATR exposure increased the Cytochrome P450s and Cytochrome b5 contents, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system (APND, ERND, AH, and NCR) activities and the expression of CYP isoforms (CYP1B1, CYP2C18, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and CYP4B1) in quail heart. The expression of nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) was also influenced in the heart by ATR exposure. ATR exposure significantly caused the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-8), down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) expression levels and increased NO content and iNOS activity. The present research provides new insights into the mechanism that ATR-induced cardiotoxicity through up-regulating the expression levels of GRP78 and XBP-1s, triggering ER stress, activating the expression of IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway related factors (IRE1α, TRAF2, IKK, and NF-κB) and inducing an inflammatory response in quail hearts. In conclusion, ATR exposure could induce cardiac inflammatory injury via activating NXRs responses, disrupting CYP homeostasis and CYP isoforms transcription, altering NO metabolism and triggering ER stress and inflammatory response by activating IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Laboratory Animal Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Energy & Environmental Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150027, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Effects of fermented Sorghum bicolor L. Moench extract on inflammation and thickness in a vascular cell and atherosclerotic mice model. J Nat Med 2018; 73:34-46. [PMID: 30066240 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of coronary heart disease. As a result of the development of atherosclerotic lesions, the walls of blood vessels become thicker and inhibit blood circulation. Atherosclerosis is caused by a high-fat diet and vascular injury. Chronic arterial inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In particular, secretion of the pro-atherogenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α induces expression of endothelial adhesion molecules including P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), which mediate attachment of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes. In this study, we examined the anti-atherosclerotic effect of sorghum, which is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. A 50% ethanol extract of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench fermented with Aspergillus oryzae NK (fSBE) was used for experiments. In vitro expression of endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and pro-inflammatory factor cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly decreased and that of the anti-atherogenic factor heme oxygenase-1 significantly increased by fSBE (P < 0.05). At the in vivo level, we examined fat droplets of liver tissue, and aortic thickness via histological analysis, and determined the blood lipid profile through chemical analysis. fSBE at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly improved blood and vascular health (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results demonstrate that fSBE has potential as a therapeutic anti-atherosclerotic agent.
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Rahmani MR, Shamsizadeh A, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Bazmandegan G, Allahtavakoli M. JZL184, as a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, down-regulates inflammation in a cannabinoid pathway dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1720-1726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ryzhov S, Robich MP, Roberts DJ, Favreau-Lessard AJ, Peterson SM, Jachimowicz E, Rath R, Vary CPH, Quinn R, Kramer RS, Sawyer DB. ErbB2 promotes endothelial phenotype of human left ventricular epicardial highly proliferative cells (eHiPC). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 115:39-50. [PMID: 29291395 PMCID: PMC5926239 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart contains a subpopulation of highly proliferative cells. The role of ErbB receptors in these cells has not been studied. From human left ventricular (LV) epicardial biopsies, we isolated highly proliferative cells (eHiPC) to characterize the cell surface expression and function of ErbB receptors in the regulation of cell proliferation and phenotype. We found that human LV eHiPC express all four ErbB receptor subtypes. However, the expression of ErbB receptors varied widely among eHiPC isolated from different subjects. eHiPC with higher cell surface expression of ErbB2 reproduced the phenotype of endothelial cells and were characterized by endothelial cell-like functional properties. We also found that EGF/ErbB1 induces VEGFR2 expression, while ligands for both ErbB1 and ErbB3/4 induce expression of Tie2. The number of CD31posCD45neg endothelial cells is higher in LV biopsies from subjects with high ErbB2 (ErbB2high) eHiPC compared to low ErbB2 (ErbB2low) eHiPC. These findings have important implications for potential strategies to increase the efficacy of cell-based revascularization of the injured heart, through promotion of an endothelial phenotype in cardiac highly proliferative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Michael P Robich
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Daniel J Roberts
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | | | - Sarah M Peterson
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | | | - Rutwik Rath
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Reed Quinn
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | | | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States.
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36
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Progression and Characterization of the Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Iliac Artery of New Zealand White Rabbits: Effect of Simvastatin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 69:314-325. [PMID: 28207427 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although atherosclerosis is described in New Zealand White rabbit's iliac artery, yet details of time-dependent atherosclerosis progression are not well known. Further, a well characterized accelerated model of atherosclerosis is also required for the screening of candidate drugs to target specific steps of atherosclerosis development. The present study extensively characterizes the time-dependent plaque composition and functional responses of the atherosclerosis in rabbit iliac artery and its modification by simvastatin. METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced with a combination of balloon injury and atherogenic diet (AD) (1% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil) in rabbit's iliac artery. Atherosclerosis progression was evaluated on days 8, 10, 15, 21, 35, and 56 after AD feeding. The plaque characterization was done using histology, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and vasoreactivity experiments. The standard anti-hyperlipidemic drug, simvastatin (5 mg·kg·d), was used to investigate its effect on atherosclerotic changes. RESULTS Plasma lipids were elevated in a progressive manner after AD feeding from days 8 to 56. Similarly, arterial lipids, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) level along with infiltration of macrophages in the lesion area were also increased from day 15 onward. This resulted in a significant increase in the plaque area and intimal-medial thickness ratio in contrast to normal animals. Inflammatory milieu was observed with a significant increase in expression of pro-inflammatory regulators like MCP-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 decreased as disease progressed. Endothelial dysfunction was also observed, specifically Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation was reduced from day 8 onward, whereas the phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction response was progressively reduced from day 15 in the iliac artery. Ground substances including proteoglycans, α-actin, and collagen content along with metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) inhibitors were significantly augmented at later time points, day 21 onward. Simvastatin treatment for 35 days, at a dose having no significant effect on plasma lipid levels, significantly reduced atherosclerotic progression as evident by reduced macrophage content, inflammatory burden, and extracellular matrix component like proteoglycans and metalloproteinase-9. CONCLUSIONS The authors observed that AD feeding with balloon injury in the rabbit iliac artery accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis and exhibited predominant features of type III human lesion within 8 weeks (56 days). Simvastatin treatment for 35 days exhibited anti-atherosclerotic efficacy without significantly lowering the circulating lipids. The current study thus provides an insight into the time-dependent atherosclerotic progression in rabbit iliac artery and highlights its utility for anti-atherosclerotic evaluation of the candidate drugs.
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Xue Y, Deng C, Wei W, Liu F, Yang H, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Kuang S, Wu S, Rao F. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes cardiac fibroblast proliferation through the Src kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3425-3431. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‑Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chun‑Yu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang‑Zhou Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Su‑Juan Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shu‑Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Aquila G, Pannella M, Pannuti A, Miele L, Ferrari R, Rizzo P. Estrogen receptor β-dependent Notch1 activation protects vascular endothelium against tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18178-18191. [PMID: 28893903 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike age-matched men, premenopausal women benefit from cardiovascular protection. Estrogens protect against apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs), one of the hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disorders, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The inflammatory cytokine TNFα causes EC apoptosis while dysregulating the Notch pathway, a major contributor to EC survival. We have previously reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment activates Notch signaling in ECs. Here, we sought to assess whether in TNFα-induced inflammation Notch is involved in E2-mediated protection of the endothelium. We treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with E2, TNFα, or both and found that E2 counteracts TNFα-induced apoptosis. When Notch1 was inhibited, this E2-mediated protection was not observed, whereas ectopic overexpression of Notch1 diminished TNFα-induced apoptosis. Moreover, TNFα reduced the levels of active Notch1 protein, which were partially restored by E2 treatment. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of estrogen receptor β (ERβ), but not ERα, abolished the effect of E2 on apoptosis. Additionally, the E2-mediated regulation of the levels of active Notch1 was abrogated after silencing ERβ. In summary, our results indicate that E2 requires active Notch1 through a mechanism involving ERβ to protect the endothelium in TNFα-induced inflammation. These findings could be relevant for assessing the efficacy and applicability of menopausal hormone treatment, because they may indicate that in women with impaired Notch signaling, hormone therapy might not effectively protect the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiana Caliceti
- the Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Energy and Environment (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Pannella
- the Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research and Life Sciences (CIRI-SDV), Foundation IRET, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- the Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Lucio Miele
- the Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- From the Departments of Medical Sciences and.,the Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, 48033 Cotignola, Italy, and.,the Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- the Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, 48033 Cotignola, Italy, and .,the Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Salusin-β contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2690. [PMID: 28333148 PMCID: PMC5386515 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salusin-β accelerates inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells, and increases oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. Plasma salusin-β levels were increased in diabetic patients. This study was designed to determine whether salusin-β is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and whether knockdown of salusin-β attenuates cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with DCM. H9c2 or neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with 33.3 mM of glucose to mimic the high glucose (HG) in diabetes. Streptozotocin and high-fat diet were used to induce type 2 diabetes in rats. HG induced salusin-β expression in H9c2 cells. Salusin-β caused greater responses of oxidative stress, NFκB activation and inflammation in HG-treated H9c2 cells than these in control H9c2 cells. Diphenyleneiodonium (a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor) or N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant) inhibited the salusin-β-induced NFκB activation and inflammation. Bay11-7082 (a NFκB inhibitor) attenuated salusin-β-induced inflammation but not oxidative stress. Knockdown of salusin-β prevented the HG-induced oxidative stress, NFκB activation and inflammation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Silencing salusin-β with adenoviruse-mediated shRNA had no significant effects on blood glucose and insulin resistance, but attenuated ventricular dysfunction in diabetic rats. Oxidative stress, NFκB activation, inflammation, salusin-β upregulation in myocardium of diabetic rats were prevented by knockdown of salusin-β. These results indicate that salusin-β contributes to inflammation in DCM via NOX2/ROS/NFκB signaling, and that knockdown of salusin-β attenuates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in DCM.
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Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Alonso E, Corral-Escariz M, Bienes-Martínez R, Berridy J, Serrano-Oviedo L, Conde E, García-Bermejo ML, Giménez-Bachs JM, Salinas-Sánchez AS, Sánchez-Prieto R, Yao M, Lasa M, Calzada MJ. VHL promotes immune response against renal cell carcinoma via NF-κB-dependent regulation of VCAM-1. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:835-847. [PMID: 28235946 PMCID: PMC5350518 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Labrousse-Arias et al. show that VHL expression leads to increased VCAM-1 levels in renal cell carcinoma through an NF-κB–dependent mechanism that seems to contribute to the antitumoral immune response. This study also suggests that VCAM-1 levels might serve as a marker of ccRCC progression in human patients. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is an adhesion molecule assigned to the activated endothelium mediating immune cells adhesion and extravasation. However, its expression in renal carcinomas inversely correlates with tumor malignancy. Our experiments in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines demonstrated that von Hippel Lindau (VHL) loss, hypoxia, or PHD (for prolyl hydroxylase domain–containing proteins) inactivation decreased VCAM-1 levels through a transcriptional mechanism that was independent of the hypoxia-inducible factor and dependent on the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Conversely, VHL expression leads to high VCAM-1 levels in ccRCC, which in turn leads to better outcomes, possibly by favoring antitumor immunity through VCAM-1 interaction with the α4β1 integrin expressed in immune cells. Remarkably, in ccRCC human samples with VHL nonmissense mutations, we observed a negative correlation between VCAM-1 levels and ccRCC stage, microvascular invasion, and symptom presentation, pointing out the clinical value of VCAM-1 levels as a marker of ccRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Research Departament, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Corral-Escariz
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bienes-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Berridy
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Serrano-Oviedo
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Biomedicine Unit, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Elisa Conde
- Biomarckers and Therapeutic Targets, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarckers and Therapeutic Targets, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Giménez-Bachs
- Department of Urology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Biomedicine Unit, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Marina Lasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Li XN, Lin J, Xia J, Qin L, Zhu SY, Li JL. Lycopene mitigates atrazine-induced cardiac inflammation via blocking the NF-κB pathway and NO production. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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RIG-I inhibits pancreatic β cell proliferation through competitive binding of activated Src. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28914. [PMID: 27349479 PMCID: PMC4923948 DOI: 10.1038/srep28914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a necessary condition for cell proliferation, including pancreatic β cells; however, over-nutrition, and the resulting obesity and glucolipotoxicity, is a risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and causes inhibition of pancreatic β-cells proliferation and their loss of compensation for insulin resistance. Here, we showed that Retinoic acid (RA)-inducible gene I (RIG-I) responds to nutrient signals and induces loss of β cell mass through G1 cell cycle arrest. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes (e.g., glucolipotoxicity, TNF-α and LPS) activate Src in pancreatic β cells. Elevated RIG-I modulated the interaction of activated Src and STAT3 by competitive binding to STAT3. Elevated RIG-I downregulated the transcription of SKP2, and increased the stability and abundance of P27 protein in a STAT3-dependent manner, which was associated with inhibition of β cell growth elicited by Src. These results supported a role for RIG-I in β cell mass loss under conditions of metabolic surplus and suggested that RIG-I-induced blocking of Src/STAT3 signalling might be involved in G1 phase cycle arrest through the Skp2/P27 pathway in pancreatic β cells.
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Jin Y, Wu Z, Wang N, Duan S, Wu Y, Wang J, Wu W, Feng F. Association of EGF Receptor and NLRs signaling with Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:429-37. [PMID: 27158778 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ЄAmbient fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) could induce cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the mechanism remains unknown. To investigate the roles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in PM2.5 -induced cardiac injury, we set up a BALB/c mice model of PM2.5 -induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis with intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 suspension (4.0 mg/kg b.w.) for 5 consecutive days (once per day). After exposure, we found that mRNA levels of CXCL1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18 were elevated, but interestingly, mRNA level of NLRP12 was significant decreased in heart tissue from PM2.5 -induced mice compared with those of saline-treated mice using real-time PCR. Protein levels of phospho-EGFR (Tyr1068), phospho-Akt (Thr308), NLRP3, NF-κB-p52/p100, and NF-κB-p65 in heart tissue of PM2.5 -exposed mice were all significantly increased using immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Therefore, PM2.5 exposure could induce cardiac inflammatory injury in mice, which may be involved with EGFR/Akt signaling, NLRP3, and NLRP12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoke Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyin Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Effect of Xinfeng capsule on nuclear factor Kappa B/tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta 1/Smads pathways in rats with cardiac injuries induced by adjuvant arthritis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:92-100. [PMID: 26946625 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of Xinfeng capsule (XFC) on cardiac function in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and explore the mechanism of these effects. METHODS Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), model control (MC), methotrexate (MTX) and XFC groups of equal size. In all groups except for the NC group, 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was intracutaneously injected in the right rear vola pedis to induce inflammation. Drugs were applied beginning 19 days after induction of inflammation. Normal saline was administered to the NC and MC groups and 1 mg/ 100 g MTX (weekly) and 0.12 g/100 g XFC (daily) to the MTX and XFC groups, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 30 day of treatment. Toe swelling degree (TSD), arthritis index (Al), cardiac function and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads pathway proteins were measured. RESULTS In the MC group, TSD and Al were greatly increased, while parameters of cardiac function were decreased and morphological analysis showed myocardial cell damage. Expression of TNF-α, NF-KB, Smad2, P-Smad2, Smad4 and TGF-β1 proteins were elevated in cardiac tissue, while Smad7 expression was decreased. TSD and Al values closely correlated to parameters of cardiac function and to levels of proteins in the NF-κB/TNF-α and TGF-β1/Smads pathways. Certain correlations were identified among TGF-β1 and NF-KB, Smad2, P-Smad2 and Smad4. With XFC intervention, both TSD and Al were decreased and parameters of cardiac function and ultrastructure of myocardial cells improved. Expressions of NF-κB, Smad2, and Smad4 proteins were greatly decreased and Smad7 expression was elevated, as compared with levels in the MC and MTX groups. CONCLUSION XFC regulates expression of proteins in the NF-KB/TNF-α and TGF-β1/Smads pathways, decreases immune complex deposition in cardiac tissue and improves cardiac function in AA rats via upregulation of Smad7.
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Lin CC, Yang CC, Wang CY, Tseng HC, Pan CS, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. NADPH Oxidase/ROS-Dependent VCAM-1 Induction on TNF-α-Challenged Human Cardiac Fibroblasts Enhances Monocyte Adhesion. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:310. [PMID: 26858641 PMCID: PMC4729888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammation-dependent adhesion molecule expressions are characterized in cardiovascular diseases and myocardial tissue infiltrations. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the acute myocardial injury and infarction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is raised in the injury tissues and inflammatory regions and involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. In fibroblasts, TNF-α-triggered expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 aggravated the heart inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying TNF-α-mediated VCAM-1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts remain unclear. Here, the primary cultured human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were used to investigate the effects of TNF-α on VCAM-1 expression. The molecular evidence, including protein, mRNA, and promoter analyses, indicated that TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 gene expression is mediated through the TNFR-dependent manner. Activation of TNF-α/TNFR system triggered PKCα-dependent NADPH oxidase (Nox)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal linking to MAPK cascades, and then led to activation of the transcription factor, AP-1. Moreover, the results of mRNA and promoter assay demonstrated that c-Jun/AP-1 phosphorylated by TNF-α turns on VCAM-1 gene expression. Subsequently, up-regulated VCAM-1 on the cell surface of TNF-α-challenged HCFs increased the number of monocytes adhering to these cells. These results indicated that in HCFs, activation of AP-1 by PKCα-dependent Nox/ROS/MAPKs cascades is required for TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression. To clarify the mechanisms of TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCFs may provide therapeutic strategies for heart injury and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-KouTao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shuo Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Lv H, Yu Z, Zheng Y, Wang L, Qin X, Cheng G, Ci X. Isovitexin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and Activating HO-1/Nrf2 Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:72-86. [PMID: 26722219 PMCID: PMC4679400 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage and inflammation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Thus, we explored the protective effect of isovitexin (IV), a glycosylflavonoid, in the context of ALI. To accomplish this, we created in vitro and in vivo models by respectively exposing macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and using LPS to induce ALI in mice. In vitro, our results showed that IV treatment reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, iNOS and COX-2 expression and decreased the generation of ROS. Consistent findings were obtained in vivo. Additionally, IV inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. However, these effects were partially reversed following the use of an HO-1 inhibitor in vitro. Further studies revealed that IV significantly inhibited MAPK phosphorylation, reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation, and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, pretreatment with IV attenuated histopathological changes, infiltration of polymorphonuclear granulocytes and endothelial activation, decreased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, reduced the levels of MPO and MDA, and increased the content of GSH and SOD in ALI. Furthermore, IV treatment effectively increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in lung tissues. Therefore, IV may offer a protective role against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and activating HO-1/Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Lv
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenxiang Yu
- 2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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