1
|
Raduka A, Gao N, Chatburn RL, Rezaee F. Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts airway epithelial barrier function and exacerbates viral infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L580-L593. [PMID: 37698113 PMCID: PMC11068398 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00135.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), especially among teenagers, has reached alarming and epidemic levels, posing a significant threat to public health. However, the short- and long-term effects of vaping on the airway epithelial barrier are unclear. Airway epithelial cells are the forefront protectors from viruses and pathogens. They contain apical junctional complexes (AJCs), which include tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) formed between adjacent cells. Previously, we reported respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection-related hospitalization in children and high-risk adults, induces a "leaky airway" by disrupting the epithelial AJC structure and function. We hypothesized chemical components of e-cigs disrupt airway epithelial barrier and exacerbate RSV-induced airway barrier dysfunction. Using confluent human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells and well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, we found that exposure to extract and aerosol e-cig nicotine caused a significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the structure of the AJC even at noncytotoxic concentrations. Western blot analysis of 16HBE cells exposed to e-cig nicotine extract did not reveal significant changes in AJC proteins. Exposure to aerosolized e-cig cinnamon or menthol flavors also induced barrier disruption and aggravated nicotine-induced airway barrier dysfunction. Moreover, preexposure to nicotine aerosol increased RSV infection and the severity of RSV-induced airway barrier disruption. Our findings demonstrate that e-cig exposure disrupts the airway epithelial barrier and exacerbates RSV-induced damage. Knowledge gained from this study will provide awareness of adverse e-cig respiratory effects and positively impact the mitigation of e-cig epidemic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, especially in teens, is alarming and at epidemic proportions, threatening public health. Our study shows that e-cig nicotine exposure disrupts airway epithelial tight junctions and increases RSV-induced barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, exposure to aerosolized flavors exaggerates e-cig nicotine-induced airway barrier dysfunction. Our study confirms that individual and combined components of e-cigs deleteriously impact the airway barrier and that e-cig exposure increases susceptibility to viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Robert L Chatburn
- Enterprise Respiratory Care Research Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shaikh SB, Gouda MM, Khandhal I, Rahman T, Shetty A, Bhandary YP. Alterations in mRNA Expression Levels of Tight Junction Proteins in the Blood Cells of Smokers with or without COPD. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:389-395. [PMID: 35642119 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220531121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the role of Tight junction proteins (TJPs) and claudins in smokers with and without COPD compared to healthy individuals. BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic respiratory disease, including various inflammatory mediators. The prime etiological element in the development of COPD is cigarette smoking. The lung airway epithelium comprises beneficial immunological barriers to draw in insults, such as environmental particulates, cigarette smoke, etc. Tight junctions (TJ) connected by transmembrane proteins determine epithelial permeability. Cigarette smoke is indicated to defect TJ integrity. The possible involvement of the airway epithelium in the pathogenesis of COPD has recently become apparent; however, its detailed mechanisms remain elusive. The integrity of airway epithelium is crucial for airway homeostasis; defective airway barrier activity contributes to COPD. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the objective was to investigate mRNA expression levels of TJP's like TJP-1, TJP-2, TJP-3, Tight junction-associated proteins-1, claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-7, claudin-10, claudin-15, claudin-19, and claudin-25 from blood samples of smokers with COPD and compared them with smokers without COPD and healthy individuals. METHODS The mRNA expressions were evaluated by the quantitative PCR method. RESULTS The gene expressions of these TJPs were significantly down-regulated, specifically in COPD patients with a history of smoking (Smokers with COPD). Besides, FEV% was also established for these patients. Similarly, smokers with COPD showed a significant increase in the expression levels of transcription factors, like ZEB-1, ZEB-2, PDGFA, and HDGF, compared to COPD patients without a history of smoking (smokers without COPD) and the healthy subjects. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cigarette smoke disrupts TJ of the human airway epithelium, and the transcriptional factors counteract this smoke-induced COPD. Thus, TJPs may serve as protective elements for airway epithelial homeostasis during COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mahesh Manjunath Gouda
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
- Rahman Lab, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Irfan Khandhal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Tanyeem Rahman
- Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Ashwini Shetty
- Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bafadhel M, Faner R, Taillé C, Russell REK, Welte T, Barnes PJ, Agustí A. Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:220099. [PMID: 36450371 PMCID: PMC9724831 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0099-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused severe illness and mortality for millions worldwide. Despite the development, approval and rollout of vaccination programmes globally to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), treatments are still urgently needed to improve outcomes. Early in the pandemic it was observed that patients with pre-existing asthma or COPD were underrepresented among those with COVID-19. Evidence from clinical studies indicates that the inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) routinely taken for asthma and COPD could have had a protective role in preventing severe COVID-19 and, therefore, may be a promising treatment for COVID-19. This review summarises the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of ICS on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and explores the potential protective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bafadhel
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosa Faner
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Taillé
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Richard E K Russell
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Hannover University School of Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alvar Agustí
- Cátedra de Salud Respiratoria (University of Barcelona), Respiratory Institute (Hospital Clinic Barcelona), IDIBAPS and CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karra N, Fernandes J, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Integrating an aerosolized drug delivery device with conventional static cultures and a dynamic airway barrier microphysiological system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:054102. [PMID: 36118260 PMCID: PMC9473724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organ on a chip or microphysiological systems (MPSs) aim to resolve current challenges surrounding drug discovery and development resulting from an unrepresentative static cell culture or animal models that are traditionally used by generating a more physiologically relevant environment. Many different airway MPSs have been developed that mimic alveolar or bronchial interfaces, but few methods for aerosol drug delivery at the air-liquid interface exist. This work demonstrates a compact Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) drug delivery device that generates an aerosol of respirable size for delivery of compounds directly onto polarized or differentiated epithelial cell cultures within an airway barrier MPS and conventional static inserts. As proof of principle, the SAW drug delivery device was used to nebulize viral dsRNA analog poly I:C and steroids fluticasone and dexamethasone without disrupting their biological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hywel Morgan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernandes J, Karra N, Bowring J, Reale R, James J, Blume C, Pell TJ, Rowan WC, Davies DE, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Real-time monitoring of epithelial barrier function by impedance spectroscopy in a microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2041-2054. [PMID: 35485428 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A multichannel microfluidic platform for real-time monitoring of epithelial barrier integrity by electrical impedance has been developed. Growth and polarization of human epithelial cells from the airway or gastrointestinal tract was continuously monitored over 5 days in 8 parallel, individually perfused microfluidic chips. Electrical impedance data were continuously recorded to monitor cell barrier formation using a low-cost bespoke impedance analyser. Data was analysed using an electric circuit model to extract the equivalent transepithelial electrical resistance and epithelial cell layer capacitance. The cell barrier integrity steadily increased overtime, achieving an average resistance of 418 ± 121 Ω cm2 (airway cells) or 207 ± 59 Ω cm2 (gastrointestinal cells) by day 5. The utility of the polarized airway epithelial barrier was demonstrated using a 24 hour challenge with double stranded RNA to mimic viral infection. This caused a rapid decrease in barrier integrity in association with disruption of tight junctions, whereas simultaneous treatment with a corticosteroid reduced this effect. The platform is able to measure barrier integrity in real-time and is scalable, thus has the potential to be used for drug development and testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Joel Bowring
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Riccardo Reale
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Jonathan James
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Theresa J Pell
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Wendy C Rowan
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rimmer C, Hetelekides S, Eliseeva SI, Georas SN, Veazey JM. Budesonide promotes airway epithelial barrier integrity following double-stranded RNA challenge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260706. [PMID: 34871316 PMCID: PMC8648122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key feature of asthma and other lung diseases. Respiratory viruses are responsible for a large fraction of asthma exacerbations, and are particularly potent at disrupting epithelial barrier function through pattern recognition receptor engagement leading to tight junction dysfunction. Although different mechanisms of barrier dysfunction have been described, relatively little is known about whether barrier integrity can be promoted to limit disease. Here, we tested three classes of drugs commonly prescribed to treat asthma for their ability to promote barrier function using a cell culture model of virus-induced airway epithelial barrier disruption. Specifically, we studied the corticosteroid budesonide, the long acting beta-agonist formoterol, and the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast for their ability to promote barrier integrity of a monolayer of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) before exposure to the viral mimetic double-stranded RNA. Of the three, only budesonide treatment limited transepithelial electrical resistance and small molecule permeability (4 kDa FITC-dextran flux). Next, we used a mouse model of acute dsRNA challenge that induces transient epithelial barrier disruption in vivo, and studied the effects budesonide when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. We found that budesonide similarly protected against dsRNA-induced airway barrier disruption in the lung, independently of its effects on airway inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that an under-appreciated effect of inhaled budesonide is to maintain or promote airway epithelial barrier integrity during respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rimmer
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Savas Hetelekides
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia I. Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve N. Georas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Janelle M. Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Lung Microbiome in COPD. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101312. [PMID: 34680429 PMCID: PMC8533282 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2021 Report recommends inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing regimens as part of pharmacological treatment in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and frequent exacerbations, particularly with eosinophilic inflammation. However, real-world studies reveal overprescription of ICS in COPD, irrespective of disease presentation and inflammatory endotype, leading to increased risk of side effects, mainly respiratory infections. The optimal use of ICS in COPD therefore remains an area of intensive research, and additional biomarkers of benefit and risk are needed. Although the interplay between inflammation and infection in COPD is widely acknowledged, the role of the microbiome in shaping lower airway inflammation has only recently been explored. Next-generation sequencing has revealed that COPD disease progression and exacerbation frequency are associated with changes in the composition of the lung microbiome, and that the immunosuppressive effects of ICS can contribute to potentially deleterious airway microbiota changes by increasing bacterial load and the abundance of potentially pathogenic taxa such as Streptococcus and Haemophilus. Here, we explore the relationship between microbiome, inflammation, ICS use and disease phenotype. This relationship may inform the benefit:risk assessment of ICS use in patients with COPD and lead to more personalised pharmacological management.
Collapse
|
8
|
Incense smoke-induced oxidative stress disrupts tight junctions and bronchial epithelial barrier integrity and induces airway hyperresponsiveness in mouse lungs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7222. [PMID: 33790367 PMCID: PMC8012366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have suggested that inhalation of incense smoke (IS) may result in impaired lung function and asthma. However, there is little experimental evidence to link IS with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and bronchial epithelial barrier function. Using mouse and cell culture models, we evaluated the effects of IS exposure on AHR, expression of multiple epithelial tight junction (TJ)- and adherens junction-associated mRNAs and proteins in the lungs, and the barrier function of bronchial epithelial cells assessed by transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER). Exposure of BALB/c mice to IS increased AHR and inflammatory macrophage recruitment to BALF; reduced claudin-1, -2, -3, -7, -10b, -12, -15, and -18, occludin, zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], and E-cadherin mRNA expression; and caused discontinuity of claudin-2 and ZO-1 protein immunostaining in lung tissue. IS extract dose-dependently decreased TEER and increased reactive oxygen species production in bronchial epithelial cell cultures. Treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine, but not glucocorticosteroids or long-acting β2-agonists, prevented the detrimental effects of IS. IS exposure can be problematic for respiratory health, as evidenced by AHR, increased recruitment of inflammatory macrophages and disruption of TJ proteins in the lung, and damage to epithelial barrier function. However, antioxidants may be useful for the treatment of IS-induced airway dysfunction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluticasone Propionate in Chlamydia pneumoniae-Infected Mice. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030338. [PMID: 33799333 PMCID: PMC8001673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use and pulmonary infections remains controversial. Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) accounts for asthma exacerbations; however, there are no data regarding ICS effects on C. pneumoniae infections. Thus, we investigated whether fluticasone propionate (FP) or budesonide (BUD) could affect C. pneumoniae infection in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the possible mechanisms that lead to potential anti-chlamydial outcomes. We performed direct qPCR to detect C. pneumoniae growth in infected, FP-treated, and BUD-treated A549 cells. Furthermore, FP or BUD was administered by inhalation to C. pneumoniae-infected mice. The recoverable C. pneumoniae was determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-γ inducible chemokines were assessed by qPCR. We measured the protein concentrations of IFN-γ and of other cytokines that potentially participate in the anti-chlamydial response by ELISA. We found that FP treatment suppressed Chlamydia growth in A549 cells and in mice. Higher levels of IFN-γ gene expression were observed in FP-treated mice compared to the untreated and BUD-treated mice (p < 0.0001). IFN-γ and anti-chlamydial protein MIG/CXCL9 values were significantly higher after FP inhalation. Collectively, FP, but not BUD, suppressed C. pneumoniae growth in vitro and in vivo, which was likely due to the enhanced IFN-γ related responses.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The apical junctional complexes (AJCs) of airway epithelial cells are a key component of the innate immune system by creating barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles. AJCs form between adjacent cells and consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Respiratory viruses have been shown to target various components of the AJCs, leading to airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by different mechanisms. Virus-induced epithelial permeability may allow for allergens and bacterial pathogens to subsequently invade. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to disruption of AJCs and the potential ensuing ramifications. We focus on the following viruses that affect the pulmonary system: respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza viruses, immunodeficiency virus, and other viruses such as coxsackievirus, adenovirus, coronaviruses, measles, parainfluenza virus, bocavirus, and vaccinia virus. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses target the AJC and impair barrier function may help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra T Linfield
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Epithelial dysfunction in chronic respiratory diseases, a shared endotype? Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 26:20-26. [PMID: 31688241 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epithelial barrier defects are being appreciated in various inflammatory disorders; however, causal underlying mechanisms are lacking. In this review, we describe the disruption of the airway epithelium with regard to upper and lower airway diseases, the role of epigenetic alterations underlying this process, and potential novel ways of interfering with dysfunctional epithelial barriers as a novel therapeutic approach. RECENT FINDINGS A defective epithelial barrier, impaired innate defence mechanisms or hampered epithelial cell renewal are found in upper and lower airway diseases. Barrier dysfunction might facilitate the entrance of foreign substances, initiating and facilitating the onset of disease. Latest data provided novel insights for possible involvement of epigenetic alterations induced by inflammation or other unknown mechanisms as a potential mechanism responsible for epithelial defects. Additionally, these mechanisms might precede disease development, and represent a novel therapeutic approach for restoring epithelial defects. SUMMARY A better understanding of the role of epigenetics in driving and maintaining epithelial defects in various inflammatory diseases, using state-of-the-art biology tools will be crucial in designing novel therapies to protect or reconstitute a defective airway epithelial barrier.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kamal F, Glanville N, Xia W, Bakhsoliani E, Aniscenko J, Bartlett NW, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, Singanayagam A. Beclomethasone Has Lesser Suppressive Effects on Inflammation and Antibacterial Immunity Than Fluticasone or Budesonide in Experimental Infection Models. Chest 2020; 158:947-951. [PMID: 32454043 PMCID: PMC7476496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Kamal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Wangmingyu Xia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Julia Aniscenko
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Albano GD, Bonanno A, Giacomazza D, Cavalieri L, Sammarco M, Ingrassia E, Gagliardo R, Riccobono L, Moscato M, Anzalone G, Montalbano AM, Profita M. A 3D " In Vitro" Model to Study Hyaluronan Effect in Nasal Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Double-Stranded RNA Poly(I:C). Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:272-281. [PMID: 31791117 PMCID: PMC7216748 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental agents, including viral and bacterial infectious agents, are involved in the alteration of physicochemical and biological parameters in the nasal epithelium. Hyaluronan (HA) has an important role in the regulation of tissue healing properties. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) shows greater anti-inflammatory responses than medium molecular weight HA (MMW-HA) and low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA). We investigated the effect of HMW-HA, MMW-HA and LMW-HA on the regulation of physicochemical and biological parameters in an “in vitro” model that might mimic viral infections of the nasal epithelium. Human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI2650 was stimulated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Poly(I:C) for 5 days in air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture (3D model of airway tissue). dsRNA Poly(I:C) treatment significantly decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the stratified nasal epithelium of RPMI2650 and increased pH values, rheological parameters (elastic G’ and viscous G’’), and Muc5AC and Muc5B production in the apical wash of ALI culture of RPMI2650 in comparison to untreated cells. RPMI2650 treated with dsRNA Poly(I:C) in the presence of HMW-HA showed lower pH values, Muc5AC and Muc5B production, and rheological parameters, as well as increased TEER values in ALI culture, compared to cells treated with Poly(I:C) alone or pretreated with LMW-HA and MMW-HA. Our 3D “in vitro” model of epithelium suggests that HMW-HA might be a coadjuvant in the pharmacological treatment of viral infections, allowing for the control of some physicochemical and biological properties affecting the epithelial barrier of the nose during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Homma T, Fukuda Y, Uchida Y, Uno T, Jinno M, Kishino Y, Yamamoto M, Sato H, Akimoto K, Kaneko K, Fujiwara A, Sato H, Hirai K, Miyata Y, Inoue H, Ohta S, Watanabe Y, Kusumoto S, Ando K, Suzuki S, Yamaoka T, Tanaka A, Ohmori T, Sagara H. Inhibition of Virus-Induced Cytokine Production from Airway Epithelial Cells by the Late Addition of Budesonide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030098. [PMID: 32120846 PMCID: PMC7143102 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Viral infection is the main cause of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) exacerbation and accumulate inflammatory cells to airway tissue. We have reported poly I:C, a mimic product of the virus and ligand of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), induced inflammatory chemokines from airway epithelial cells and found prior incubation with corticosteroids diminishes the effect of TLR3 activation. In clinical practice, mild asthma is recommended as-needed budesonide (BUD) when symptoms occur following a viral infection, etc. However, many questions still surround BUD’s usefulness if taken after a virus has already infected airway tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of BUD on inflammatory cytokines induced by viral infection. Materials and Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with poly I:C or infected with human rhinovirus-16 (HRV16) and BUD was added after the initial stimulation. Expression of both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL26/eotaxin-3 was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Knockdown study was performed. Results: Pre-or post-incubation with BUD inhibited both poly I:C- and HRV16-induced mRNAs and proteins of both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL26 with significance. Knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor diminished these effects of BUD. Under the same conditions of BUD’s experiment, post-incubation with neither fluticasone propionate nor dexamethasone suppressed expression of both TSLP and CCL26, which induced by poly I:C. Conclusion: Post-addition of BUD inhibited the virus-induced TSLP and CCL26 from the airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that inhalation of BUD after viral infection has beneficial effects on asthma. Conclusion: Late addition of BUD may benefit among patient with viral infection and type 2 allergic airway disease such as asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Homma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8532; Fax: +81-3-3784-8742
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xian M, Ma S, Wang K, Lou H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang C, Akdis CA. Particulate Matter 2.5 Causes Deficiency in Barrier Integrity in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:56-71. [PMID: 31743964 PMCID: PMC6875480 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The effect of air pollution-related particulate matter (PM) on epithelial barrier function and tight junction (TJ) expression in human nasal mucosa has not been studied to date. This study therefore aimed to assess the direct impact of PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the barrier function and TJ molecular expression of human nasal epithelial cells. Methods Air-liquid interface cultures were established with epithelial cells derived from noninflammatory nasal mucosal tissue collected from patients undergoing paranasal sinus surgery. Confluent cultures were exposed to 50 or 100 µg/mL PM2.5 for up to 72 hours, and assessed for 1) epithelial barrier integrity as measured by transepithelial resistance (TER) and permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) 4 kDa; 2) expression of TJs using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining, and 3) proinflammatory cytokines by luminometric bead array or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared to control medium, 50 and/or 100 µg/mL PM2.5-treatment 1) significantly decreased TER and increased FITC permeability, which could not be restored by budesonide pretreatment; 2) significantly decreased the expression of claudin-1 messenger RNA, claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 protein; and 3) significantly increased production of the cytokines interleukin-8, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Conclusions Exposure to PM2.5 may lead to loss of barrier function in human nasal epithelium through decreased expression of TJ proteins and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest an important mechanism of susceptibility to rhinitis and rhinosinusitis in highly PM2.5-polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Xian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Kuiji Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tatsuta M, Kan-O K, Ishii Y, Yamamoto N, Ogawa T, Fukuyama S, Ogawa A, Fujita A, Nakanishi Y, Matsumoto K. Effects of cigarette smoke on barrier function and tight junction proteins in the bronchial epithelium: protective role of cathelicidin LL-37. Respir Res 2019; 20:251. [PMID: 31706310 PMCID: PMC6842552 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway epithelial barrier function is maintained by the formation of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Inhalation of cigarette smoke causes airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the effects of cigarette smoke on barrier function and expression of multiple TJ and AJ proteins in the bronchial epithelium. We also examined whether treatment with glucocorticosteroids (GCSs), long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), and human cathelicidin LL-37 can protect against cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced barrier dysfunction. Methods Calu-3 cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were pretreated with or without GCSs, LABAs, GCSs plus LABAs, or LL-37, and subsequently exposed to CSE. Barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) measurements. Gene and protein expression levels of TJ and AJ proteins were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining of TJ and AJ proteins was performed. Results CSE decreased TEER and increased permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. CSE suppressed gene expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-7, claudin-15, occludin, E-cadherin, junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) within 12 h post-CSE exposure, while suppressed protein expression levels of occludin at 12 h. CSE-treated cells exhibited discontinuous or attenuated immunostaining for claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin compared with untreated cells. GCS treatment partially restored CSE-induced TEER reduction, while LABA treatment had no effect. GCS and LABA combination treatment had no additive effect on CSE-induced TEER reduction and gene suppression of TJ and AJ proteins. Human cathelicidin LL-37 counteracted CSE-induced TEER reduction and prevented disruption of occludin and ZO-1. LL-37 also attenuated CSE-induced decreases in gene and protein expression levels of occludin. Conclusions CSE caused airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and simultaneously downregulated multiple TJ and AJ proteins. GCS and LABA combination treatment had no additive effect on CSE-induced TEER reduction. LL-37 counteracted CSE-induced TEER reduction and prevented disruption of occludin and ZO-1. Use of LL-37 to counteract airway epithelial barrier dysfunction may have significant benefits for respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Tatsuta
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Omuta National Hospital, Fukuoka, 837-0911, Japan
| | - Keiko Kan-O
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukuyama
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aimi Ogawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akitaka Fujita
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Airway inflammation is a major contributing factor in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and represents an important target for treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as monotherapy or in combination therapy with long-acting β2-agonists or long-acting muscarinic antagonists are used extensively in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The development of ICS for their anti-inflammatory properties progressed through efforts to increase topical potency and minimise systemic potency and through advances in inhaled delivery technology. Budesonide is a potent, non-halogenated ICS that was developed in the early 1970s and is now one of the most widely used lung medicines worldwide. Inhaled budesonide's physiochemical and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties allow it to reach a rapid and high airway efficacy due to its more balanced relationship between water solubility and lipophilicity. When absorbed from the airways and lung tissue, its moderate lipophilicity shortens systemic exposure, and its unique property of intracellular esterification acts like a sustained release mechanism within airway tissues, contributing to its airway selectivity and a low risk of adverse events. There is a large volume of clinical evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of budesonide, both alone and in combination with the fast- and long-acting β2-agonist formoterol, as maintenance therapy in patients with asthma and with COPD. The combination of budesonide/formoterol can also be used as an as-needed reliever with anti-inflammatory properties, with or without regular maintenance for asthma, a novel approach that is already approved by some country-specific regulatory authorities and currently recommended in the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Budesonide remains one of the most well-established and versatile of the inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs. This narrative review provides a clinical reappraisal of the benefit:risk profile of budesonide in the management of asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald P Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1690, USA.
| | - Brian Lipworth
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Ralph Brattsand
- Experimental Pharmacology, Budera Company, Kristinehamn, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Betamethasone prevents human rhinovirus- and cigarette smoke- induced loss of respiratory epithelial barrier function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9688. [PMID: 29946071 PMCID: PMC6018698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is a barrier against pathogens and allergens and a target for therapy in respiratory allergy, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated barrier-damaging factors and protective factors by real-time measurement of respiratory cell barrier integrity. Barrier integrity to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), house dust mite (HDM) extract, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or human rhinovirus (HRV) infection alone or in combination was assessed. Corticosteroids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and nasal mucus proteins were tested for their ability to prevent loss of barrier integrity. Real-time impedance-based measurement revealed different patterns of CSE-, HDM-, IFN-γ- and HRV-induced damage. When per se non-damaging concentrations of harmful factors were combined, a synergetic effect was observed only for CSE and HDM. Betamethasone prevented the damaging effect of HRV and CSE, but not damage caused by HDM or IFN-γ. Real-time impedance-based measurement of respiratory epithelial barrier function is useful to study factors, which are harmful or protective. The identification of a synergetic damaging effect of CSE and HDM as well as the finding that Betamethasone protects against HRV- and CSE-induced damage may be important for asthma and COPD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kortekaas Krohn I, Callebaut I, Alpizar YA, Steelant B, Van Gerven L, Skov PS, Kasran A, Talavera K, Wouters MM, Ceuppens JL, Seys SF, Hellings PW. MP29-02 reduces nasal hyperreactivity and nasal mediators in patients with house dust mite-allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2018; 73:1084-1093. [PMID: 29121401 DOI: 10.1111/all.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) is an important clinical feature of allergic rhinitis (AR). The efficacy of MP29-02 (azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) and fluticasone propionate [FP]) nasal spray on local inflammatory mediators and NHR in AR is unknown. We tested if MP29-02 decreases inflammatory mediators and NHR in AR and if this effect is due to restoration of nasal epithelial barrier function. METHODS A 4-week double-blinded placebo-controlled trial with MP29-02 treatment was conducted in 28 patients with house dust mite (HDM) AR. The presence of NHR was evaluated by measuring reduction in nasal flow upon cold dry air exposure. The effects of AZE ± FP on barrier integrity and airway inflammation were studied in a murine model of HDM-induced NHR and on reduced activation of murine sensory neurons and human mast cells. RESULTS MP29-02 but not placebo reduced NHR (P < .0001 vs P = .21), levels of substance P (P = .026 vs P = .941), and β-hexosaminidase (P = .036 vs P = .632) in human nasal secretions. In wild-type C57BL6 mice, the reduction in β-hexosaminidase levels (P < .0001) by AZE + FP treatment upon HDM challenge was found in parallel with a decreased transmucosal passage (P = .0012) and completely reversed eosinophilic inflammation (P = .0013). In vitro, repeated applications of AZE + FP desensitized sensory neurons expressing the transient receptor potential channels TRPA1 and TRPV1. AZE + FP reduced MC degranulation to the same extent as AZE alone. CONCLUSION MP29-02 treatment reduces inflammatory mediators and NHR in AR. The effects of AZE + FP on MC degranulation, nasal epithelial barrier integrity, and TRP channels provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Kortekaas Krohn
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department Microbiology & Immunology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - I. Callebaut
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Y. A. Alpizar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - B. Steelant
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department Microbiology & Immunology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - L. Van Gerven
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | - A. Kasran
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department Microbiology & Immunology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - K. Talavera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - M. M. Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastro Intestinal Disorders (TARGID); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - J. L. Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department Microbiology & Immunology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - S. F. Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department Microbiology & Immunology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - P. W. Hellings
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department Microbiology & Immunology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory; University of Ghent; Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van den Berge M, Jonker MR, Miller-Larsson A, Postma DS, Heijink IH. Effects of fluticasone propionate and budesonide on the expression of immune defense genes in bronchial epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 50:47-56. [PMID: 29627483 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD patients have increased risk of pneumonia when treated with fluticasone propionate (FP), whereas this is generally not the case with budesonide (BUD) treatment. We hypothesized that BUD and FP differentially affect the expression of immune defense genes. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells and air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were pre-treated with clinically equipotent concentrations of BUD or FP (0.16-16 nM BUD and 0.1-10 nM FP), and the expression of immune defense genes was studied at baseline and after exposure to rhinovirus (RV16). RESULTS Using microfluidic cards, we observed that both BUD and FP significantly suppressed CXCL8, IFNB1 and S100A8 mRNA expression in unstimulated 16HBE cells. Interestingly, BUD, but not FP, significantly increased lactotransferrin (LTF) expression. The difference between the effect of BUD and FP on LTF expression was statistically significant and confirmed by qPCR and at the protein level by western blotting. RV16 infection of ALI-cultured PBECs significantly increased the expression of CCL20, IFNB1 and S100A8, but not of LTF or CAMP/LL-37. In these RV16-exposed cells, LTF expression was again significantly higher upon pre-treatment with BUD than with FP. The same was observed for S100A8, but not for CCL20, IFNB1 or CAMP/LL-37 expression. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with BUD results in significantly higher expression of specific immune defense genes than treatment with FP. The differential regulation of these immune defense genes may help to explain the clinical observation that BUD and FP treatment differ with respect to the risk of developing pneumonia in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - A Miller-Larsson
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Department of Respiratory GMed, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - D S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research, Mölndal, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aghapour M, Raee P, Moghaddam SJ, Hiemstra PS, Heijink IH. Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Role of Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:157-169. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0200tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prodanovic D, Keenan CR, Langenbach S, Li M, Chen Q, Lew MJ, Stewart AG. Cortisol limits selected actions of synthetic glucocorticoids in the airway epithelium. FASEB J 2018; 32:1692-1704. [PMID: 29167235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700730r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol, a physiologic glucocorticoid (GC), is essential for growth and differentiation of the airway epithelium. Epithelial function influences inflammation in chronic respiratory diseases. Synthetic GCs, including inhaled corticosteroids, exert anti-inflammatory effects in airway epithelium by transactivation of genes and by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release. We examined the effect of cortisol on the actions of synthetic GCs in the airway epithelium, demonstrating that cortisol acts like a partial agonist at the GC receptor (GR), limiting GC-induced GR-dependent transcription in the BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line. Cortisol also limited the inhibition of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor release by synthetic GCs in TNF-α-activated BEAS-2B cells. The relevance of these findings is supported by observations on tracheal epithelium obtained from mice treated for 5 d with systemic GC, showing limitations in selected GC effects, including inhibition of IL-6. Moreover, gene transactivation by synthetic GCs was compromised by standard air-liquid interface (ALI) growth medium cortisol concentration (1.4 μM) in the ALI-differentiated organotypic culture of primary human airway epithelial cells. These findings suggest that endogenous corticosteroids may limit certain actions of synthetic pharmacological GCs and contribute to GC insensitivity, particularly when corticosteroid levels are elevated by stress.-Prodanovic, D., Keenan, C. R., Langenbach, S., Li, M., Chen, Q., Lew, M. J., Stewart, A. G. Cortisol limits selected actions of synthetic glucocorticoids in the airway epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica Prodanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Christine R Keenan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Shenna Langenbach
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Michael J Lew
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and.,Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gon Y, Hashimoto S. Role of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in pathogenesis of asthma. Allergol Int 2018; 67:12-17. [PMID: 28941636 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is characterized by persistent cough, increased sputum, and repeated wheezing. The pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is the hyper-responsiveness of the airway along with chronic airway inflammation. Repeated injury, repair, and regeneration of the airway epithelium following exposure to environmental factors and inflammation results in histological changes and functional abnormalities in the airway mucosal epithelium; such changes are believed to have a significant association with the pathophysiology of asthma. Damage to the barrier functions of the airway epithelium enhances mucosal permeability of foreign substances in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma. Thus, epithelial barrier fragility is closely involved in releasing epithelial cytokines (e.g., TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33) because of the activation of airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and innate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Functional abnormalities of the airway epithelial cells along with the activation of dendritic cells, Th2 cells, and ILC2 form a single immunopathological unit that is considered to cause allergic airway inflammation. Here we use the latest published literature to discuss the potential pathological mechanisms regarding the onset and progressive severity of asthma with regard to the disruption of the airway epithelial function.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sohal SS. Fluticasone propionate and increased risk of pneumonia in COPD: is it PAFR-dependent? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3425-3427. [PMID: 29271974 PMCID: PMC5720348 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s154897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Janson C, Stratelis G, Miller-Larsson A, Harrison TW, Larsson K. Scientific rationale for the possible inhaled corticosteroid intraclass difference in the risk of pneumonia in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3055-3064. [PMID: 29089754 PMCID: PMC5654780 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s143656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) treatment combined with long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) reduces the risk of exacerbations in COPD, but the use of ICSs is associated with increased incidence of pneumonia. There are indications that this association is stronger for fluticasone propionate than for budesonide. We have examined systematic reviews assessing the risk of pneumonia associated with fluticasone propionate and budesonide COPD therapy. Compared with placebo or LABAs, we found that fluticasone propionate was associated with 43%-78% increased risk of pneumonia, while only slightly increased risk or no risk was found for budesonide. We have evaluated conceivable mechanisms which may explain this difference and suggest that the higher pneumonia risk with fluticasone propionate treatment is caused by greater and more protracted immunosuppressive effects locally in the airways/lungs. These effects are due to the much slower dissolution of fluticasone propionate particles in airway luminal fluid, resulting in a slower uptake into the airway tissue and a much longer presence of fluticasone propionate in airway epithelial lining fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christer Janson
- Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgios Stratelis
- Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca Nordic, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Tim W Harrison
- Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kjell Larsson
- Lung and Airway Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Castiglia D, Battaglia S, Benfante A, Sorino C, Scichilone N. Pharmacological Management of Elderly Patients with Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome: Room for Speculation? Drugs Aging 2017; 33:375-85. [PMID: 27138954 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-016-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two distinct diseases that share a condition of chronic inflammation of the airways and bronchial obstruction. In clinical settings, it is not rare to come across patients who present with clinical and functional features of both diseases, posing a diagnostic dilemma. The overlap condition has been termed asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS), and mainly occurs in individuals with long-standing asthma, especially if they are also current or former smokers. Patients with ACOS have poorer health-related quality of life and a higher exacerbation rate than subjects with asthma or COPD alone. Whether ACOS is a distinct nosological entity with genetic variants or rather a condition of concomitant diseases that overlap is still a matter of debate. However, there is no doubt that extended life expectancy has increased the prevalence of asthma and COPD in older ages, and thus the probability that overlap conditions occur in clinical settings. In addition, age-associated changes of the lung create the basis for the two entities to converge on the same subject. ACOS patients may benefit from a stepwise treatment similar to that of asthma and COPD; however, the proposed therapeutic algorithms are only speculative and extrapolated from studies that are not representative of the ACOS population. Inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy, and always in conjunction with long-acting bronchodilators. The potential heterogeneity of the overlap syndrome in terms of inflammatory features (T helper-1 vs. T helper-2 pathways) may be responsible for the different responses to treatments. The interaction between respiratory drugs and concomitant diseases should be carefully evaluated. Similarly, the effect of non-respiratory drugs, such as aspirin, statins, and β-blockers, on lung function needs to be properly assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Castiglia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.MIS), University of Palermo, via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Battaglia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.MIS), University of Palermo, via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alida Benfante
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.MIS), University of Palermo, via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Scichilone
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.MIS), University of Palermo, via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy. .,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gerloff J, Sundar IK, Freter R, Sekera ER, Friedman AE, Robinson R, Pagano T, Rahman I. Inflammatory Response and Barrier Dysfunction by Different e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals Identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in e-Liquids and e-Vapors on Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:28-40. [PMID: 28337465 PMCID: PMC5338075 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that electronic cigarette (e-cig) flavors can be harmful to lung tissue by imposing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The potential inflammatory response by lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts exposed to e-cig flavoring chemicals in addition to other risk-anticipated flavor enhancers inhaled by e-cig users is not known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the release of the proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-8 [IL-8]) and epithelial barrier function in response to different e-cig flavoring chemicals identified in various e-cig e-liquid flavorings and vapors by chemical characterization using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Flavorings, such as acetoin (butter), diacetyl, pentanedione, maltol (malt), ortho-vanillin (vanilla), coumarin, and cinnamaldehyde in comparison with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), were used in this study. Human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2B), human mucoepidermoid carcinoma epithelial cells (H292), and human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were treated with each flavoring chemical for 24 hours. The cells and conditioned media were then collected and analyzed for toxicity (viability %), lung epithelial barrier function, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 release. Cell viability was not significantly affected by any of the flavoring chemicals tested at a concentration of 10 μM to 1 mM. Acetoin and diacetyl treatment induced IL-8 release in Beas2B cells. Acetoin- and pentanedione-treated HFL-1 cells produced a differential, but significant response for IL-8 release compared to controls and TNFα. Flavorings, such as ortho-vanillin and maltol, induced IL-8 release in Beas2B cells, but not in H292 cells. Of all the flavoring chemicals tested, acetoin and maltol were more potent inducers of IL-8 release than TNFα in Beas2B and HFL-1 cells. Flavoring chemicals rapidly impaired epithelial barrier function in human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) as measured by electric cell surface impedance sensing. Our findings suggest that some of the e-cig liquids/aerosols containing flavoring chemicals can cause significant loss of epithelial barrier function and proinflammatory response in lung cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Gerloff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Robert Freter
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Emily R Sekera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Risa Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology/National Technical Institute for the Deaf , Rochester, New York
| | - Todd Pagano
- Department of Science & Mathematics, Rochester Institute of Technology/National Technical Institute for the Deaf , Rochester, New York
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Blume C, David J, Bell RE, Laver JR, Read RC, Clark GC, Davies DE, Swindle EJ. Modulation of Human Airway Barrier Functions during Burkholderia thailandensis and Francisella tularensis Infection Running Title: Airway Barrier Functions during Bacterial Infections. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5030053. [PMID: 27527221 PMCID: PMC5039433 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium provides protection against pathogens from the inhaled environment through the formation of a highly-regulated barrier. In order to understand the pulmonary diseases melioidosis and tularemia caused by Burkholderia thailandensis and Fransicella tularensis, respectively, the barrier function of the human bronchial epithelium were analysed. Polarised 16HBE14o- or differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were exposed to increasing multiplicities of infection (MOI) of B. thailandensis or F. tularensis Live Vaccine Strain and barrier responses monitored over 24-72 h. Challenge of polarized BECs with either bacterial species caused an MOI- and time-dependent increase in ionic permeability, disruption of tight junctions, and bacterial passage from the apical to the basolateral compartment. B. thailandensis was found to be more invasive than F. tularensis. Both bacterial species induced an MOI-dependent increase in TNF-α release. An increase in ionic permeability and TNF-α release was induced by B. thailandensis in differentiated BECs. Pretreatment of polarised BECs with the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate reduced bacterial-dependent increases in ionic permeability, bacterial passage, and TNF-α release. TNF blocking antibody Enbrel(®) reduced bacterial passage only. BEC barrier properties are disrupted during respiratory bacterial infections and targeting with corticosteroids or anti-TNF compounds may represent a therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Blume
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Jonathan David
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Rachel E Bell
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Jay R Laver
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Robert C Read
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Graeme C Clark
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Donna E Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|