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Garcia-Ryde M, van der Burg NMD, Berlin F, Westergren-Thorsson G, Bjermer L, Ankerst J, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Andersson CK, Tufvesson E. Expression of Stress-Induced Genes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells and Lung Fibroblasts from Healthy and COPD Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6600. [PMID: 38928305 PMCID: PMC11203587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly caused from smoking cigarettes that induce biological stress responses. Previously we found disorganized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in fibroblasts from COPD with different responses to chemical stressors compared to healthy subjects. Here, we aimed to investigate differences in stress-related gene expressions within lung cells from COPD and healthy subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were collected from seven COPD and 35 healthy subjects. Lung fibroblasts were derived from 19 COPD and 24 healthy subjects and exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Gene and protein expression and cell proliferation were investigated. Compared to healthy subjects, we found lower gene expression of CHOP in lung fibroblasts from COPD subjects. Exposure to CSE caused inhibition of lung fibroblast proliferation in both groups, though the changes in ER stress-related gene expressions (ATF6, IRE1, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, BCL2L1) and genes relating to proteasomal subunits mostly occurred in healthy lung fibroblasts. No differences were found in BAL cells. In this study, we have found that lung fibroblasts from COPD subjects have an atypical ER stress gene response to CSE, particularly in genes related to apoptosis. This difference in response to CSE may be a contributing factor to COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Garcia-Ryde
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.G.-R.); (N.M.D.v.d.B.); (L.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Nicole M. D. van der Burg
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.G.-R.); (N.M.D.v.d.B.); (L.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Frida Berlin
- Respiratory Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (C.K.A.)
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (G.W.-T.); (A.-K.L.-C.)
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.G.-R.); (N.M.D.v.d.B.); (L.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Jaro Ankerst
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.G.-R.); (N.M.D.v.d.B.); (L.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (G.W.-T.); (A.-K.L.-C.)
| | - Cecilia K. Andersson
- Respiratory Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (C.K.A.)
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.G.-R.); (N.M.D.v.d.B.); (L.B.); (J.A.)
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Cabrera S, García-Vicente Á, Gutiérrez P, Sánchez A, Gaxiola M, Rodríguez-Bobadilla C, Selman M, Pardo A. Increased ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response Activation in Epithelial and Inflammatory Cells in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:289-307. [PMID: 38725414 PMCID: PMC11107439 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241251915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Several types of cytotoxic insults disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, cause ER stress, and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The role of ER stress and UPR activation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) has not been described. HP is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated inhalation of various antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the lung expression and localization of the key effectors of the UPR, BiP/GRP78, CHOP, and sXBP1 in HP patients compared with control subjects. Furthermore, we developed a mouse model of HP to determine whether ER stress and UPR pathway are induced during this pathogenesis. In human control lungs, we observed weak positive staining for BiP in some epithelial cells and macrophages, while sXBP1 and CHOP were negative. Conversely, strong BiP, sXBP1- and CHOP-positive alveolar and bronchial epithelial, and inflammatory cells were identified in HP lungs. We also found apoptosis and autophagy markers colocalization with UPR proteins in HP lungs. Similar results were obtained in lungs from an HP mouse model. Our findings suggest that the UPR pathway is associated with the pathogenesis of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Ángeles García-Vicente
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Pamela Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Andrea Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, México
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Bobadilla
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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Yu Y, Yang A, He X, Wu B, Wu Y, Li Y, Nie S, Xu B, Wang H, Yu G. Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency attenuates airway inflammation in COPD via IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37915073 PMCID: PMC10621191 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and critically affects airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considering the excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the earlier onset of COPD. The role of sEH and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unknown. METHOD 16 weeks of cigarette-exposed mice were used to detect the relationship between sEH and endoplasmic reticulum stress in COPD. Human epithelial cells were used in vitro to determine the regulation mechanism of sEH in endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cigarette smoke. RESULTS sEH deficiency helps reduce emphysema formation after smoke exposure by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress response. sEH deficiency effectively reverses the upregulation of phosphorylation IRE1α and JNK and the nuclear expression of AP-1, alleviating the secretion of inflammatory factors induced by cigarette smoke extract. Furthermore, the treatment with endoplasmic reticulum stress and IRE1α inhibitor downregulated cigarette smoke extract-induced sEH expression and the secretion of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION sEH probably alleviates airway inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 pathway, which might attenuate lung injury caused by long-term smoking and provide a new pharmacological target for preventing and treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunxiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shan Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Peng H, Zhou Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Mu K, Zhang L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a vital process and potential therapeutic target in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1761-1772. [PMID: 37695356 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic and progressive disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction, has attracted extensive attention due to its high morbidity and mortality. Although the understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD has gradually increased because of increasing evidence, many questions regarding the mechanisms involved in COPD progression and its deleterious effects remain unanswered. Recent advances have shown the potential functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in causing airway inflammation, emphasizing the vital role of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the development of COPD. METHODS A comprehensive search of major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to retrieve original research articles and reviews related to ER stress, UPR, and COPD. RESULTS The common causes of COPD, namely cigarette smoke (CS) and air pollutants, induce ER stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). UPR promotes mucus secretion and further plays a dual role in the cell apoptosis-autophagy axis in the development of COPD. Existing drug research has indicated the potential of UPR as a therapeutic target for COPD. CONCLUSIONS ER stress and UPR activation play significant roles in the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of COPD and discuss whether related genes can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ketao Mu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Al Zaidi M, Marggraf V, Repges E, Nickenig G, Skowasch D, Aksoy A, Pizarro C. Relevance of serum levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa) as biomarker in pulmonary diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:333-341. [PMID: 37020080 PMCID: PMC10167071 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress and inflammation contribute to the initiation and progression of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its main regulator GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa) appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, and GRP78 was found to be a biomarker in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of serum GRP78 in pulmonary disorders.In this prospective cohort study, 78 consecutive patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, n = 28), asthma (n = 38) or interstitial lung disease (ILD, n = 12) underwent measurement of serum GRP78 levels by ELISA.The mean age of patients was 59.8 ± 12.4 years, 48.7% were female. Patients with elevated GRP78 levels (> median) offered a significantly better oxygenation status (capillary pO2: 75.3 ± 11.7 mmHg vs. 67.8 ± 15.9 mmHg, p = 0.02). Significant correlations were observed between GRP78, on the one hand, and haemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and eosinophil counts, on the other hand (haemoglobin: Pearson's r = -0.25, hs-CRP: r = 0.30, eosinophils: r = 0.63).Subsequently, we evaluated GRP78 measurements in function of severity stratifiers of the specific underlying pulmonary disease. ILD patients with a severe diffusion impairment (DLCO< 40% of predicted), exhibited a significant decrease in GRP78 levels (p = 0.01). In COPD and asthma, both characterized by obstructive ventilatory defects, a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) <30% of predicted was accompanied by significantly lower GRP78 (p = 0.0075).In both obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disorders, GRP78 protein concentrations were reduced with increasing disease severity. These data suggest a prevalent role of GRP78 in the presently studied pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntadher Al Zaidi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Marggraf
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena Repges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adem Aksoy
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carmen Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111637. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an integral organelle for maintaining protein homeostasis. Multiple factors can disrupt protein folding in the lumen of the ER, triggering ER stress and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), which interrelates with various damage mechanisms, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Numerous studies have linked ER stress and UPR to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on the mechanisms of other cellular processes triggered by UPR and summarizes drug intervention strategies targeting the UPR pathway in COPD to explore new therapeutic approaches and preventive measures for COPD.
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7
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Zhang T, Day NJ, Gaffrey M, Weitz KK, Attah K, Mimche PN, Paine R, Qian WJ, Helms MN. Regulation of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury via post-translational cysteine redox modifications. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102405. [PMID: 35872399 PMCID: PMC9307955 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants and patients with lung disease often have excess fluid in the lungs and are frequently treated with oxygen, however long-term exposure to hyperoxia results in irreversible lung injury. Although the adverse effects of hyperoxia are mediated by reactive oxygen species, the full extent of the impact of hyperoxia on redox-dependent regulation in the lung is unclear. In this study, neonatal mice overexpressing the beta-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (β-ENaC) encoded by Scnn1b and their wild type (WT; C57Bl6) littermates were utilized to study the pathogenesis of high fraction inspired oxygen (FiO2)-induced lung injury. Results showed that O2-induced lung injury in transgenic Scnn1b mice is attenuated following chronic O2 exposure. To test the hypothesis that reversible cysteine-redox-modifications of proteins play an important role in O2-induced lung injury, we performed proteome-wide profiling of protein S-glutathionylation (SSG) in both WT and Scnn1b overexpressing mice maintained at 21% O2 (normoxia) or FiO2 85% (hyperoxia) from birth to 11-15 days postnatal. Over 7700 unique Cys sites with SSG modifications were identified and quantified, covering more than 3000 proteins in the lung. In both mouse models, hyperoxia resulted in a significant alteration of the SSG levels of Cys sites belonging to a diverse range of proteins. In addition, substantial SSG changes were observed in the Scnn1b overexpressing mice exposed to hyperoxia, suggesting that ENaC plays a critically important role in cellular regulation. Hyperoxia-induced SSG changes were further supported by the results observed for thiol total oxidation, the overall level of reversible oxidation on protein cysteine residues. Differential analyses reveal that Scnn1b overexpression may protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury via modulation of specific processes such as cell adhesion, blood coagulation, and proteolysis. This study provides a landscape view of protein oxidation in the lung and highlights the importance of redox regulation in O2-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Day
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kwame Attah
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Paine
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - My N Helms
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Dai LA, Chen XY, Li WJ, Yang JH, Lin MJ, Li XS, Zeng YF, Chen SW, Xie ZL, Zhu ZL, Li XJ, Huang HS. Sigma-1 Receptor and Binding Immunoglobulin Protein Interact with Ulinastatin Contributing to a Protective Effect in Rat Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. World Neurosurg 2022; 158:e488-e494. [PMID: 34767993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate impact of ulinastatin (UTI) on sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to induce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, MCAO, MCAO+50,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+100,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+200,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+300,000 U/kg UTI. At 24 and 48 hours after MCAO, infarct volume, neurological dysfunction, and grip strength test were measured, and level of σ1R and BiP proteins was further detected using Western blot. Molecular docking assays were carried out to verify interaction between σ1R, BiP, and UTI. The serum concentration of BiP and the binding assay between σ1R, BiP, and UTI were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS UTI increased the modified neurological severity score and upregulated σ1R and BiP expression in the cerebral cortex after MCAO. The grip strength of forelimbs increased significantly in the MCAO+200,000 U/kg UTI and MCAO+300,000 U/kg UTI groups compared with the MCAO group, while BiP serum levels remained unchanged. The molecular docking assay indicated putative binding between σ1R, BiP, and UTI. The binding assay also revealed that both σ1R and BiP could be combined with UTI. CONCLUSIONS UTI displays a neuroprotective effect via upregulation of σ1R and BiP during ischemia/reperfusion injury, suggesting that UTI modulates σ1R and BiP and their interaction may provide a novel insight into potential therapeutic mechanisms for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ao Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Liang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Sen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wuyun K, Gong H. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of 4‑phenyl butyric acid on renal ischemia‑reperfusion injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:144. [PMID: 35069825 PMCID: PMC8756420 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effects and possible mechanism of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in mice. A RIRI model of HK-2 cells was constructed using hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Dexmedetomidine and 4-PBA were used to treat the cells before and after modeling. Apoptosis and expression levels of cyclophilin D (CypD), cytochrome c, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were measured using flow cytometry, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The renal volume, weight and renal arterial resistance index (RRI) were determined using the renal ischemia model. Compared with untreated model cells, 4-PBA treatment significantly decreased apoptosis and the expression levels of CypD, Cytochrome c, eIF2α and GRP78 in HK-2 cells. There was no significant change in renal volume and weight after modeling, but RRI was significantly decreased after 4-PBA treatments in the model. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that 4-PBA treatment also significantly decreased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Overall, 4-PBA had a therapeutic effect on RIRI in mice. This protection may be mediated by decreasing the expression levels of CypD, Cytochrome c, eIF2α and GRP78, and subsequent reduction of cellular oxygen free radicals and apoptosis, leading to an alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress response and RIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wuyun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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10
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Caldeira DDAF, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM, Silva PL, Cruz FF. Mitochondria in Focus: From Function to Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782074. [PMID: 34887870 PMCID: PMC8649841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cell metabolism, growth, and function. Mitochondria in lung cells have important roles in regulating surfactant production, mucociliary function, mucus secretion, senescence, immunologic defense, and regeneration. Disruption in mitochondrial physiology can be the central point in several pathophysiologic pathways of chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we summarize how mitochondria morphology, dynamics, redox signaling, mitophagy, and interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in chronic lung diseases and highlight strategies focused on mitochondrial therapy (mito-therapy) that could be tested as a potential therapeutic target for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayene de Assis Fernandes Caldeira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Chien CY, Chen YC, Lee CH, Wu JR, Huang TW, Huang RY, Cheng WC, Hsieh ACT, Shieh YS. Dysregulation of the miR-30a/BiP axis by cigarette smoking accelerates oral cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:578. [PMID: 34717640 PMCID: PMC8557586 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is the most significant cause of oral cancer progression. Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) has been shown to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) being as an ER stress regulator, has been reported to be implicated in malignant behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the ER stress-responsive protein, BiP, in CSC-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) malignancy. Methods The biological role of BiP in CSC-induced tumor progression was investigated in OSCC cells (YD38 and SCC25) and in a tumor xenograft mouse model. The expressions of related genes were investigated using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using scratch wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The effects of conditioned media from OSCC cells on the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells were analyzed using a tube formation assay. The interaction between miR-30a and BiP mRNA was detected using a luciferase reporter assay. Results Our results demonstrated that CSC increased the expression of BiP in time- and dose-dependent manners in YD38 and SCC25 cells, and that silencing BiP abrogated CSC-induced cell invasion and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Notably, the putative miR-30a binding site was observed in the 3′untranslated region (UTR) of BiP mRNA, and miR-30a suppressed BiP expression by targeting 3′UTR of BiP transcript. In addition, CSC increased the expression of BiP in OSCC cells by downregulating miR-30a. We also showed that BiP promoted invasion and tumor-associated angiogenesis by increasing the production and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in CSC-exposed OSCC cells. Moreover, BiP inhibition suppressed OSCC growth and reduced tumor vessel density in tumor-bearing mice administered with CSC. Conclusions These observations suggest that epigenetic regulation of BiP via miR-30a downregulation is involved in CSC-induced OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rong Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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12
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Yu B, Xu C, Tang X, Liu Z, Lin X, Meng H, Shi C, Ma K, Xiao B, Li L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related secretory proteins as biomarkers of early myocardial ischemia-induced sudden cardiac deaths. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:159-168. [PMID: 34580752 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early myocardial ischemia-induced sudden cardiac deaths (EMI-SCD) remain a great diagnostic challenge for forensic pathologists due to no gross or non-specific histological pathology. The goal of this study was to assess whether three secretory proteins, related with cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress, can be applied in forensic diagnosis of EMI-SCD. These markers included LMAN2, CAPN-1, and VCP and were compared with two clinically used markers (CK-MB and cTnI). A total of 21 EMI-SCD cases with a mean age of 53.0 (± 10.5) years and a mean ischemia interval of < 2.77 (± 2.56) hours were collected. Another 23 cases (mean 44.6 ± 15.0 year old) that died from non-cardiac causes served as control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect target proteins' serum concentrations in the EMI-SCD and control groups. We found that LMAN2, CAPN-1, and VCP were all significantly increased in the EMI-SCD group as compared with control serum, with the fold changes ranging from 1.48 (p = 0.0022, LMAN2), 1.33 (p = 0.041, CAPN-1), to 1.26 (p = 0.021, VCP), respectively. The concentrations of these proteins remained highly stable within 6 h and were not affected by death time, postmortem interval (< 4 h), age, and month at death. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.8178 (LMAN2), 0.6988 (CAPN-1), and 0.7267 (VCP), all of which were higher than CK-MB (AUC 0.5590) and cTn-I (AUC 0.5911). The diagnostic specificity (all above 60%) was obviously higher than CK-MB (43.48%) and cTnI (34.78%). In conclusion, LMAN-2, CAPN-1, and VCP could be stable serological biomarkers for diagnosis of EMI-SCD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchao Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Hongkou Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Bi Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Liliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Chien CY, Chen YC, Hsu CC, Chou YT, Shiah SG, Liu SY, Hsieh ACT, Yen CY, Lee CH, Shieh YS. YAP-Dependent BiP Induction Is Involved in Nicotine-Mediated Oral Cancer Malignancy. Cells 2021; 10:2080. [PMID: 34440849 PMCID: PMC8392082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of oral cancer. Previous studies have reported an association between nicotine and malignancy in oral cancer. Recent studies have also demonstrated that nicotine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in tumor cells. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) acts as a master regulator of ER stress and is frequently overexpressed in oral cancer cell lines and tissues. However, the effect of nicotine on BiP in oral cancer is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of BiP and its underlying regulatory mechanisms in nicotine-induced oral cancer progression. Our results showed that nicotine significantly induced the expression of BiP in time- and dose-dependent manners in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. In addition, BiP was involved in nicotine-mediated OSCC malignancy, and depletion of BiP expression remarkably suppressed nicotine-induced malignant behaviors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change, migration, and invasion. In vivo, BiP silencing abrogated nicotine-induced tumor growth and EMT switch in nude mice. Moreover, nicotine stimulated BiP expression through the activation of the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex. Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through α7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity. These observations suggest that BiP is involved in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy and may have therapeutic potential in tobacco-related oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | | | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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14
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Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Human Alveolar Type II Cells in Aging and Emphysema. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070779. [PMID: 34356843 PMCID: PMC8301390 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells proliferate and restore the injured epithelium. It has been described that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs. However, host factors facilitating virus infection in ATII cells are not well known. We determined the SARS-CoV-2-related genes and protein expression using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, in ATII cells isolated from young and elderly non-smokers, smokers, and ex-smokers. Cells were also obtained from lung transplants of emphysema patients. ACE2 has been identified as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and we found significantly increased levels in young and elderly smokers and emphysema patients. The viral entry depends on TMPRSS2 protease activity, and a higher expression was detected in elderly smokers and ex-smokers and emphysema patients. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA levels were higher in this disease in comparison with non-smokers. CD209L serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and we found increased levels in ATII cells obtained from smokers and in emphysema patients. Also, our data suggest CD209L regulation by miR142. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was detected in ATII cells in this disease. Our results suggest that upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in ATII cells in aging, smokers, and emphysema patients may facilitate infection.
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15
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Sinha I, Modesto J, Krebs NM, Stanley AE, Walter VA, Richie JP, Muscat JE, Sinha R. Changes in salivary proteome before and after cigarette smoking in smokers compared to sham smoking in nonsmokers: A pilot study. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:56. [PMID: 34239408 PMCID: PMC8240953 DOI: 10.18332/tid/138336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease. Although smoking results in an acute effect of relaxation and positive mood through dopamine release, smoking is thought to increase stress symptoms such as heart rate and blood pressure from nicotine-induced effects on the HPA axis and increased cortisol. Despite the importance in understanding the mechanisms in smoking maintenance, little is known about the overall protein and physiological response to smoking. There may be multiple functions involved that if identified might help in improving methods for behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Therefore, our goal for this pilot study was to identify proteins in the saliva that change in response to an acute smoking event versus acute sham smoking event in smokers and non-smokers, respectively. METHODS We employed the iTRAQ technique followed by Mass Spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins in saliva of smokers and non-smokers after smoking cigarettes and sham smoking, respectively. We also validated some of the salivary proteins by ELISA or western blotting. In addition, salivary cortisol and salivary amylase (sAA) activity were measured. RESULTS In all, 484 salivary proteins were identified. Several proteins were elevated as well as decreased in smokers compared to non-smokers. Among these were proteins associated with stress response including fibrinogen alpha, cystatin A and sAA. Our investigation also highlights methodological considerations in study design, sampling and iTRAQ analysis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest further investigation of other differentially expressed proteins in this study including ACBP, A2ML1, APOA4, BPIB1, BPIA2, CAH1, CAH6, CYTA, DSG1, EST1, GRP78, GSTO1, sAA, SAP, STAT, TCO1, and TGM3 that might assist in improving methods for behavioral and pharmacological interventions for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
| | - Jennifer Modesto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
| | - Nicolle M Krebs
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
| | - Anne E Stanley
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Vonn A Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, United States
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16
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Koloko Ngassie ML, Brandsma CA, Gosens R, Prakash YS, Burgess JK. The Stress of Lung Aging: Endoplasmic Reticulum and Senescence Tête-à-Tête. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:150-159. [PMID: 33904785 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the structural changes, features including the dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and increased senescence characterize the lung aging. ER stress response and senescence have been reported to be induced by factors like cigarette smoke. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms underlying ER and senescent pathways interaction has become a challenge. In this review we highlight the known and unknown regarding ER stress response and senescence and their cross talk in aged lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Koloko Ngassie
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C A Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Gosens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD; University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Tannous A, Bradford AP, Kuhn K, Fought A, Schauer I, Santoro N. A randomised trial examining inflammatory signaling in acutely induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in normal weight women-the reprometabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247638. [PMID: 33764994 PMCID: PMC7993783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Obesity, is a state of chronic inflammation, characterized by elevated lipids, insulin resistance and relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We have defined the accompanying decreased Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), ovarian steroids and reduced pituitary response to Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) as Reprometabolic syndrome, a phenotype that can be induced in healthy normal weight women (NWW) by acute infusion of free fatty acids and insulin. Objective To identify potential mediators of insulin and lipid-related reproductive endocrine dysfunction. Design, setting, participants Secondary analysis of crossover study of eumenorrheic reproductive aged women of normal Body Mass Index (BMI) (<25 kg/m2) at an academic medical center. Intervention Participants underwent 6-hour infusions of either saline/heparin or insulin plus fatty acids (Intralipid plus heparin), in the early follicular phase of sequential menstrual cycles, in random order. Euglycemia was maintained by glucose infusion. Frequent blood samples were obtained. Main outcome measures Pooled serum from each woman was analyzed for cytokines, interleukins, chemokines, adipokines, Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF-21) and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (CHOP and GRP78). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare results across experimental conditions. Results Except for Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β (MIP-1β), no significant differences were observed in serum levels of any of the inflammatory signaling or ER stress markers tested. Conclusion Acute infusion of lipid and insulin, to mimic the metabolic syndrome of obesity, was not associated with an increase in inflammatory markers. These results imply that the endocrine disruption and adverse reproductive outcomes of obesity are not a consequence of the ambient inflammatory environment but may be mediated by direct lipotoxic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tannous
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Katherine Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Angela Fought
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Irene Schauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Endocrinology Section, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Tan X, Banerjee P, Pham EA, Rutaganira FUN, Basu K, Bota-Rabassedas N, Guo HF, Grzeskowiak CL, Liu X, Yu J, Shi L, Peng DH, Rodriguez BL, Zhang J, Zheng V, Duose DY, Solis LM, Mino B, Raso MG, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Scott KL, Smith M, Nguyen K, Lam G, Choong I, Mazumdar A, Hill JL, Gibbons DL, Brown PH, Russell WK, Shokat K, Creighton CJ, Glenn JS, Kurie JM. PI4KIIIβ is a therapeutic target in chromosome 1q-amplified lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/527/eaax3772. [PMID: 31969487 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heightened secretion of protumorigenic effector proteins is a feature of malignant cells. Yet, the molecular underpinnings and therapeutic implications of this feature remain unclear. Here, we identify a chromosome 1q region that is frequently amplified in diverse cancer types and encodes multiple regulators of secretory vesicle biogenesis and trafficking, including the Golgi-dedicated enzyme phosphatidylinositol (PI)-4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ). Molecular, biochemical, and cell biological studies show that PI4KIIIβ-derived PI-4-phosphate (PI4P) synthesis enhances secretion and accelerates lung adenocarcinoma progression by activating Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3)-dependent vesicular release from the Golgi. PI4KIIIβ-dependent secreted factors maintain 1q-amplified cancer cell survival and influence prometastatic processes in the tumor microenvironment. Disruption of this functional circuitry in 1q-amplified cancer cells with selective PI4KIIIβ antagonists induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. These results support a model in which chromosome 1q amplifications create a dependency on PI4KIIIβ-dependent secretion for cancer cell survival and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Tan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyam Banerjee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edward A Pham
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florentine U N Rutaganira
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kaustabh Basu
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caitlin L Grzeskowiak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David H Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Veronica Zheng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dzifa Y Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford ChEM-H Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grace Lam
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ingrid Choong
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jamal L Hill
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kevan Shokat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Glenn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Min HJ, Kim KS, Choi GJ, Kang H, White FA. Concentrations of HMGB1 and Hsp70 of healthy subjects in upper and lower airway: Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1760-1767. [PMID: 33746593 PMCID: PMC7976589 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high-mobility group box 1 and heat-shock protein 70 are implicated in airway diseases and suggested as relevant diagnostic biomarkers, their control concentrations in the airways have not yet been determined. This study aimed to evaluate concentration of healthy subjects for both these proteins in the upper and lower airways via meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for articles describing concentration of healthy subjects for these proteins. Data from healthy populations were combined using a random-effects model, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to determine between-study heterogeneity. We analyzed 22 studies involving 485 patients. Concentration of healthy subjects of high-mobility group box 1 and heat-shock protein 70 varied from "not detected" to 326.13 ng/mL and from 0.20 pg/mL to 9240.00 pg/mL, respectively, with the values showing significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis for high-mobility group box 1 revealed 13.63 ng/mL (95% CI 12.13-15.14), 100.31 ng/mL (95% CI -31.28-231.91), 9.54 ng/mL (95% CI 8.91-10.17), and 65.82 ng/mL (95% CI 55.51-76.14) for the lower airway, upper airway, pediatric populations, and adults, respectively, whereas that for heat-shock protein 70 revealed 20.58 pg/mL (95% CI 7.87-33.29) for the lower airway and 9240.00 ±11820 pg/mL for the upper airway. Although concentrations of healthy subjects of these proteins varied in the upper and lower airways, the levels of both these proteins were higher in the upper airway than in the lower airway, and these concentrations differed according to the age and sampling procedure. Our findings support the further evaluation of these proteins as biomarkers for airway-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun Joo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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20
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Aghaei M, Dastghaib S, Aftabi S, Aghanoori MR, Alizadeh J, Mokarram P, Mehrbod P, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Sharma P, Zeki AA, Ghavami S. The ER Stress/UPR Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 33374938 PMCID: PMC7821926 DOI: 10.3390/life11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis in the lungs is constantly disrupted by recurrent exposure to various external and internal stressors, which may cause considerable protein secretion pressure on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the survival and differentiation of these cell types to meet the increased functional demands. Cells are able to induce a highly conserved adaptive mechanism, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to manage such stresses. UPR dysregulation and ER stress are involved in numerous human illnesses, such as metabolic syndrome, fibrotic diseases, and neurodegeneration, and cancer. Therefore, effective and specific compounds targeting the UPR pathway are being considered as potential therapies. This review focuses on the impact of both external and internal stressors on the ER in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discusses the role of the UPR signaling pathway activation in the control of cellular damage and specifically highlights the potential involvement of non-coding RNAs in COPD. Summaries of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the ER stress/UPR axis contributing to IPF and COPD, and promising pharmacological intervention strategies, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; (S.D.); (P.M.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Sajjad Aftabi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Medical Physics Department, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; (S.D.); (P.M.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Kielan Darcy McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia; (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia; (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia; (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Davis School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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21
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Wenzel TJ, Kwong E, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs) as Endogenous Regulators of Glia Functions in Neuroinflammatory Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:483-494. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200702143719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, facilitate the survival and health of all cells
within the Central Nervous System (CNS) by secreting a range of growth factors and contributing to
tissue and synaptic remodeling. Microglia and astrocytes can also secrete cytotoxins in response to
specific stimuli, such as exogenous Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), or endogenous
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Excessive cytotoxic secretions can induce the death
of neurons and contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). The transition between various activation states of glia, which include beneficial and detrimental
modes, is regulated by endogenous molecules that include DAMPs, cytokines, neurotransmitters,
and bioactive lipids, as well as a diverse group of mediators sometimes collectively referred to as
Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs). RAMPs are released by damaged or dying CNS
cells into the extracellular space where they can induce signals in autocrine and paracrine fashions by
interacting with glial cell receptors. While the complete range of their effects on glia has not been described
yet, it is believed that their overall function is to inhibit adverse CNS inflammatory responses,
facilitate tissue remodeling and cellular debris removal. This article summarizes the available evidence
implicating the following RAMPs in CNS physiological processes and neurodegenerative diseases:
cardiolipin (CL), prothymosin α (ProTα), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), heat shock protein
(HSP) 10, HSP 27, and αB-crystallin. Studies on the molecular mechanisms engaged by RAMPs could
identify novel glial targets for development of therapeutic agents that effectively slow down neuroinflammatory
disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Evan Kwong
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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22
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Aguiar JA, Tremblay BJM, Mansfield MJ, Woody O, Lobb B, Banerjee A, Chandiramohan A, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Revill S, Miller MS, Carlsten C, Organ L, Joseph C, John A, Hanson P, Austin RC, McManus BM, Jenkins G, Mossman K, Ask K, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:2001123. [PMID: 32675206 PMCID: PMC7366180 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01123-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV, the agent responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak, utilises angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) host molecules for viral entry. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have recently been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additional host molecules including ADAM17, cathepsin L, CD147 and GRP78 may also function as receptors for SARS-CoV-2.To determine the expression and in situ localisation of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the respiratory mucosa, we analysed gene expression datasets from airway epithelial cells of 515 healthy subjects, gene promoter activity analysis using the FANTOM5 dataset containing 120 distinct sample types, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 10 healthy subjects, proteomic datasets, immunoblots on multiple airway epithelial cell types, and immunohistochemistry on 98 human lung samples.We demonstrate absent to low ACE2 promoter activity in a variety of lung epithelial cell samples and low ACE2 gene expression in both microarray and scRNAseq datasets of epithelial cell populations. Consistent with gene expression, rare ACE2 protein expression was observed in the airway epithelium and alveoli of human lung, confirmed with proteomics. We present confirmatory evidence for the presence of TMPRSS2, CD147 and GRP78 protein in vitro in airway epithelial cells and confirm broad in situ protein expression of CD147 and GRP78 in the respiratory mucosa.Collectively, our data suggest the presence of a mechanism dynamically regulating ACE2 expression in human lung, perhaps in periods of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also suggest that alternative receptors for SARS-CoV-2 exist to facilitate initial host cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Mansfield
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Owen Woody
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Organ
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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23
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Aguiar JA, Tremblay BJM, Mansfield MJ, Woody O, Lobb B, Banerjee A, Chandiramohan A, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Revill S, Miller MS, Carlsten C, Organ L, Joseph C, John A, Hanson P, Austin RC, McManus BM, Jenkins G, Mossman K, Ask K, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2020; 56. [PMID: 32675206 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV, the agent responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak, utilises angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) host molecules for viral entry. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have recently been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additional host molecules including ADAM17, cathepsin L, CD147 and GRP78 may also function as receptors for SARS-CoV-2.To determine the expression and in situ localisation of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the respiratory mucosa, we analysed gene expression datasets from airway epithelial cells of 515 healthy subjects, gene promoter activity analysis using the FANTOM5 dataset containing 120 distinct sample types, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 10 healthy subjects, proteomic datasets, immunoblots on multiple airway epithelial cell types, and immunohistochemistry on 98 human lung samples.We demonstrate absent to low ACE2 promoter activity in a variety of lung epithelial cell samples and low ACE2 gene expression in both microarray and scRNAseq datasets of epithelial cell populations. Consistent with gene expression, rare ACE2 protein expression was observed in the airway epithelium and alveoli of human lung, confirmed with proteomics. We present confirmatory evidence for the presence of TMPRSS2, CD147 and GRP78 protein in vitro in airway epithelial cells and confirm broad in situ protein expression of CD147 and GRP78 in the respiratory mucosa.Collectively, our data suggest the presence of a mechanism dynamically regulating ACE2 expression in human lung, perhaps in periods of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also suggest that alternative receptors for SARS-CoV-2 exist to facilitate initial host cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Mansfield
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Owen Woody
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Organ
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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24
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Barabutis N. Unfolded Protein Response in Lung Health and Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:344. [PMID: 32850879 PMCID: PMC7406640 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a complex element, destined to protect the cells against a diverse variety of extracellular and intracellular challenges. UPR activation devises highly efficient responses to counteract cellular threats. If those activities fail, it will dictate cellular execution. The current work focuses on the role of UPR in pulmonary function, by immersing into the highly interrelated network that operates toward the endothelial barrier function. A highly sophisticated UPR manipulation shall reveal new therapeutic possibilities against inflammatory lung disease, such as acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
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25
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Korfei M, MacKenzie B, Meiners S. The ageing lung under stress. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/200126. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0126-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy ageing of the lung involves structural changes but also numerous cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic alterations. Among them are the age-related decline in central cellular quality control mechanisms such as redox and protein homeostasis. In this review, we would like to provide a conceptual framework of how impaired stress responses in the ageing lung, as exemplified by dysfunctional redox and protein homeostasis, may contribute to onset and progression of COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We propose that age-related imbalanced redox and protein homeostasis acts, amongst others (e.g.cellular senescence), as a “first hit” that challenges the adaptive stress-response pathways of the cell, increases the level of oxidative stress and renders the lung susceptible to subsequent injury and disease. In both COPD and IPF, additional environmental insults such as smoking, air pollution and/or infections then serve as “second hits” which contribute to persistently elevated oxidative stress that overwhelms the already weakened adaptive defence and repair pathways in the elderly towards non-adaptive, irremediable stress thereby promoting development and progression of respiratory diseases. COPD and IPF are thus distinct horns of the same devil, “lung ageing”.
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26
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Bargagli E, Cameli P, Carleo A, Refini RM, Bergantini L, D'alessandro M, Vietri L, Perillo F, Volterrani L, Rottoli P, Bini L, Landi C. The effect of cigarette smoking on bronchoalveolar lavage protein profiles from patients with different interstitial lung diseases. Panminerva Med 2020; 62:109-115. [DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, Sundar IK, Wang Q, Singh KP, Unwalla HJ, Chand HS, Rahman I. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101443. [PMID: 32037306 PMCID: PMC7251248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Investigation of such pathophysiological mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop the molecular phenotype-specific diagnostic assays and could help in designing the personalized medicine-based therapeutic approaches against these prevalent diseases. As the central hubs of cell metabolism and energetics, mitochondria integrate cellular responses and interorganellar signaling pathways to maintain cellular and extracellular redox status and the cellular senescence that dictate the lung tissue responses. Specifically, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crosstalk is disrupted by the inhaled toxicants such as the combustible and emerging electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) tobacco products. Thus, the recent research efforts have focused on understanding how the mitochondria-ER dysfunctions and oxidative stress responses can be targeted to improve inflammatory and cellular dysfunctions associated with these pathologic illnesses that are exacerbated by viral infections. The present review assesses the importance of these redox signaling and cellular senescence pathways that describe the role of mitochondria and ER on the development and function of lung epithelial responses, highlighting the cause and effect associations that reflect the disease pathogenesis and possible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Anathy V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101516. [PMID: 32249209 PMCID: PMC7251249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Tran-Nguyen TK, Chandra D, Yuan K, Patibandla PK, Nguyen KT, Sethu P, Zhang Y, Xue J, Mobley JA, Kim YI, Shoushtari A, Leader JK, Bon J, Sciurba FC, Duncan SR. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Autoantibodies Are Associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:108-118. [PMID: 32086320 PMCID: PMC7430561 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis prevalence is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, independent of other risk factors. The etiology of the excess vascular disease in COPD is unknown, although it is presumably related to an underlying (if cryptic) systemic immune response. Autoantibodies with specificity for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a multifunctional component of the unfolded protein response, are common in COPD patients and linked to comorbidities of this lung disease. We hypothesized anti-GRP78 autoreactivity might also be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in COPD patients. Carotid intima-medial thickness (cIMT) was measured in 144 current and former smokers by ultrasound. Concentrations of circulating IgG autoantibodies against full-length GRP78, determined by ELISA, were greater among subjects with abnormally increased cIMT (p <, 0.01). Plasma levels of autoantibodies against a singular GRP78 peptide segment, amino acids 246–260 (anti-GRP78aa 246–260), were even more highly correlated with cIMT, especially among males with greater than or equal to moderate COPD (rs = 0.62, p = 0.001). Anti-GRP78aa 246–260 concentrations were independent of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. GRP78 autoantigen expression was upregulated among human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) stressed by incubation with tunicamycin (an unfolded protein response inducer) or exposure to culture media flow disturbances. Autoantibodies against GRP78aa 246–260, isolated from patient plasma by immunoprecipitation, induced HAEC production of proatherosclerotic mediators, including IL-8. In conclusion, anti-GRP78 autoantibodies are highly associated with carotid atherosclerosis in COPD patients and exert atherogenic effects on HAECs. These data implicate Ag-specific autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis among COPD patients and raise possibilities that directed autoantibody reduction might ameliorate vascular disease in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi K Tran-Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Divay Chandra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kaiyu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Phani K Patibandla
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Khanh T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jianmin Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ali Shoushtari
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Joseph K Leader
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
| | - Jessica Bon
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Steven R Duncan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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Nowakowska M, Gualtieri F, von Rüden EL, Hansmann F, Baumgärtner W, Tipold A, Potschka H. Profiling the Expression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Associated Heat Shock Proteins in Animal Epilepsy Models. Neuroscience 2019; 429:156-172. [PMID: 31887356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response is a signaling cascade triggered by misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heat shock protein H4 (HSPH4) and A5 (HSPA5) are two chaperoning proteins present within the organelle, which target misfolded peptides during prolonged stress conditions. Epileptogenic insults and epileptic seizures are a notable source of stress on cells. To investigate whether they influence expression of these chaperones, we performed immunohistochemical stainings in brains from rats that experienced a status epilepticus (SE) as a trigger of epileptogenesis and from canine epilepsy patients. Quantification of HSPA5 and HSPH4 revealed alterations in hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex. In rats, SE induced up-regulation of HSPA5 in the piriform cortex and down-regulation of HSPA5 and HSPH4 in the hippocampus. Regionally restricted increases in expression of the two proteins has been observed in the chronic phase with spontaneous recurrent seizures. Confocal microscopy revealed a predominant expression of both proteins in neurons, no expression in microglia and circumscribed expression in astroglia. In canine patients, only up-regulation of HSPH4 expression was observed in Cornu Ammonis 1 region in animals diagnosed with structural epilepsy. This characterization of HSPA5 and HSPH4 expression provided extensive information regarding spatial and temporal alterations of the two proteins during SE-induced epileptogenesis and following epilepsy manifestations. Up-regulation of both proteins implies stress exerted on ER during these disease phases. Taken together suggest a differential impact of epileptogenesis on HSPA5 and HSPH4 expression and indicate them as a possible target for pharmacological modulation of unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nowakowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Gualtieri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Eva-Lotta von Rüden
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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KDEL Receptors Are Differentially Regulated to Maintain the ER Proteome under Calcium Deficiency. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1829-1840.e6. [PMID: 30428351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retention of critical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins needed to carry out diverse functions (e.g., protein synthesis and folding, lipid metabolism) is mediated through a carboxy-terminal ER retention sequence (ERS) and its interaction with KDEL receptors. Here, we demonstrate that depleting ER calcium causes mass departure of ERS-containing proteins from cells by overwhelming KDEL receptors. In addition, we provide evidence that KDELR2 and KDELR3, but not KDELR1, are unfolded protein response (UPR) genes upregulated as an adaptive response to counteract the loss of ERS-containing proteins, suggesting previously unknown isoform-specific functions of the KDEL receptors. Overall, our findings establish that decreases in ER calcium change the composition of the ER luminal proteome and secretome, which can impact cellular functions and cell viability. The redistribution of the ER proteome from inside the cell to the outside has implications for dissecting the complex relationship of ER homeostasis with diverse disease pathologies.
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Girona J, Rodríguez-Borjabad C, Ibarretxe D, Vallvé JC, Ferré R, Heras M, Rodríguez-Calvo R, Guaita-Esteruelas S, Martínez-Micaelo N, Plana N, Masana L. The Circulating GRP78/BiP Is a Marker of Metabolic Diseases and Atherosclerosis: Bringing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress into the Clinical Scenario. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111793. [PMID: 31717752 PMCID: PMC6912434 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-regulated protein 78/Binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) is a protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and is upregulated by metabolic alterations at the tissue-level, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation, and it is hyper-expressed in fat tissue of obese individuals. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the GRP78/BiP level as a metabolic and vascular disease biomarker in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM), obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS Four hundred and five patients were recruited, of whom 52.5% were obese, 72.8% had DM, and 78.6% had MS. The intimae media thickness (cIMT) was assessed by ultrasonography. The plasma GRP78/BiP concentration was determined, and its association with metabolic and vascular parameters was assessed. Circulating GRP78/BiP was also prospectively measured in 30 DM patients before and after fenofibrate/niacin treatment and 30 healthy controls. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, the GRP78/BiP level was significantly higher in the patients with obesity, DM, and MS. Age-, gender- and BMI-adjusted GRP78/BiP was directly associated with LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB, and cIMT. GRP78/BiP was positively associated to carotid plaque presence in the adjusted model, irrespective of obesity, DM and MS. In the prospective study, nicotinic acid treatment produced a significant reduction in the GRP78/BiP levels that was not observed with fenofibrate. CONCLUSIONS GRP78/BiP plasma concentrations are increased in patients with both metabolic derangements and subclinical atherosclerosis. GRP78/BiP could be a useful marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cèlia Rodríguez-Borjabad
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan-Carles Vallvé
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raimon Ferré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Heras
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Guaita-Esteruelas
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Plana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.G.); (C.R.-B.); (D.I.); (J.-C.V.); (R.F.); (M.H.); (R.R.-C.); (S.G.-E.); (N.M.-M.); (N.P.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977759366; Fax: +34-977759322
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Self-DNA release and STING-dependent sensing drives inflammation to cigarette smoke in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14848. [PMID: 31619733 PMCID: PMC6795997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major health issue characterized by airway inflammation with fibrosis and emphysema. Here we demonstrate that acute exposure to cigarette smoke causes respiratory barrier damage with the release of self-dsDNA in mice. This triggers the DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), driving type I interferon (IFN I) dependent lung inflammation, which are attenuated in cGAS, STING or type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) deficient mice. Therefore, we demonstrate a critical role of self-dsDNA release and of the cGAS-STING-type I interferon pathway upon cigarette smoke-induced damage, which may lead to therapeutic targets in COPD.
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34
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Bailly C, Waring MJ. Pharmacological effectors of GRP78 chaperone in cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:269-278. [PMID: 30831072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein chaperone GRP78 is a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions and is frequently over-expressed at the surface of cancer cells where it contributes to chemo-resistance. It represents a well-studied ER stress marker but an under-explored target for new drug development. This review aims to untangle the structural and functional diversity of GRP78 modulators, covering over 130 natural products, synthetic molecules, specific peptides and monoclonal antibodies that target GRP78. Several approaches to promote or to incapacitate GRP78 are presented, including the use of oligonucleotides and specific cell-delivery peptides often conjugated to cytotoxic payloads to design GRP78-targeted therapeutics. A repertoire of drugs that turn on/off GRP78 is exposed, including molecules which bind directly to GRP78, principally to its ATP site. There exist many options to regulate positively or negatively the expression of the chaperone, or to interfere with its cellular trafficking. This review provides a molecular cartography of GRP78 pharmacological effectors and adds weight to the notion that GRP78 repressors could represent promising anticancer therapeutics, notably as regards limiting chemo-resistance of cancer cells. The potential of GRP78-targeting drugs in other therapeutic modalities is also evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM, University of Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France.
| | - Michael J Waring
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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35
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Bauer JL, Kuhn K, Bradford AP, Al-Safi ZA, Harris MA, Eckel RH, Robledo CY, Malkhasyan A, Johnson J, Gee NR, Polotsky AJ. Reduction in FSH Throughout the Menstrual Cycle After Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Young Normal Weight but not Obese Women. Reprod Sci 2019; 26:1025-1033. [PMID: 30773100 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119828099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fish oil restores ovarian function in subfertile rats, which is thought to be associated with decreased transcription of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β-subunit. We have previously demonstrated a reduction in early follicular serum FSH levels in normal weight but not obese women after treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Herein, we report the effect of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA on urinary reproductive hormones across the whole menstrual cycle. This interventional study included 17 eumenorrheic women, aged 24-41 years. One month of daily morning urine was collected before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. Measurements included urinary FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen and progesterone metabolites, plasma fatty acid composition, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Compliance with dietary supplementation was verified by significantly reduced ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA for all subjects after treatment (P < .01). After 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation, urinary FSH was significantly decreased in normal weight, but not obese women, in both follicular and luteal phases (-28.4% and -12.6%, respectively, both P = .04). No significant changes were seen in LH or sex steroids for either weight group. The selective and specific decrease in FSH suggests that omega-3 PUFA supplementation merits further investigation in normal weight women with decreased fertility and/or diminished ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bauer
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine Kuhn
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zain A Al-Safi
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary A Harris
- 3 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Celeste Y Robledo
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anahit Malkhasyan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nancy R Gee
- 5 Center for Health and The Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome from Bone Marrow or Adipose-Derived Tissue Sources for Treatment of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102996. [PMID: 30274394 PMCID: PMC6212866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial dysfunction induced by hypoxic stress plays a significant role in the pathological process of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have demonstrated efficacy in exerting protective immunomodulatory effects, thereby reducing airway inflammation in several pulmonary diseases. Aim: This study assesses the protective effects of MSC secretome from different cell sources, human bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ADSC), in attenuating hypoxia-induced cellular stress and inflammation in pulmonary epithelial cells. Methods: Pulmonary epithelial cells, primary rat alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) and A549 cell line were pre-treated with BMSC, or ADSC conditioned medium (CM) and subjected to hypoxia for 24 h. Results: Both MSC-CM improved cell viability, reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and enhanced IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine production in hypoxic injured primary rat AECs. ADSC-CM reduced hypoxic cellular injury by mechanisms which include: inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of subunits in primary AECs. Both MSC-CM enhanced translocation of Bcl-2 to the nucleus, expression of cytoprotective glucose-regulated proteins (GRP) and restored matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) function, thereby promoting repair and cellular homeostasis, whereas inhibition of GRP chaperones was detrimental to cell survival. Conclusions: Elucidation of the protective mechanisms exerted by the MSC secretome is an essential step for maximizing the therapeutic effects, in addition to developing therapeutic targets-specific strategies for various pulmonary syndromes.
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