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Luo C, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Zhou J, Mao S, Tang R, Gu Y, Tan S, Lin H, Li Z, Zhang W. Increased SERPINB2 potentiates 15LO1 expression via STAT6 signalling in epithelial cells in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:412-424. [PMID: 38639267 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SERPINB2, a biomarker of Type-2 (T2) inflammatory processes, has been described in the context of asthma. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is also correlated with T2 inflammation and elevated 15LO1 induced by IL-4/13 in nasal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and location of SERPINB2 in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and determine whether SERPINB2 regulates 15LO1 and downstream T2 markers in NECs via STAT6 signalling. METHODS SERPINB2 gene expression in bulk and single-cell RNAseq database was analysed by bioinformatics analysis. SERPINB2, 15LO1 and other T2 markers were evaluated from CRSwNP and HCs NECs. The colocalization of SERPINB2 and 15LO1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Fresh NECs were cultured at an air-liquid interface with or without IL-13, SERPINB2 Dicer-substrate short interfering RNAs (DsiRNAs) transfection, exogenous SERPINB2, 15-HETE recombinant protein and pSTAT6 inhibitors. 15LO1, 15-HETE and downstream T2 markers were analysed by qRT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. RESULTS SERPINB2 expression was increased in eosinophilic nasal polyps compared with that in noneosinophilic nasal polyps and control tissues and positively correlated with 15LO1 and other downstream T2 markers. SERPINB2 was predominantly expressed by epithelial cells in NP tissue and was colocalized with 15LO1. In primary NECs in vitro, SERPINB2 expression was induced by IL-13. Knockdown or overexpression SERPINB2 decreased or enhanced expression of 15LO1 and 15-HETE in NECs, respectively, in a STAT6-dependent manner. SERPINB2 siRNA also inhibited the expression of the 15LO1 downstream genes, such as CCL26, POSTN and NOS2. STAT6 inhibition similarly decreased SERPINB2-induced 15LO1. CONCLUSIONS SERPINB2 is increased in NP epithelial cells of eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) and contributes to T2 inflammation via STAT6 signalling. SERPINB2 could be considered a novel therapeutic target for eCRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelong Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Postgraduate Training Base of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
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Ouyang X, Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Airborne indoor allergen serine proteases and their contribution to sensitisation and activation of innate immunity in allergic airway disease. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230126. [PMID: 38657996 PMCID: PMC11040391 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0126-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Common airborne allergens (pollen, animal dander and those from fungi and insects) are the main triggers of type I allergic disorder in the respiratory system and are associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These allergens promote IgE crosslinking, vasodilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal barrier dysfunction, extracellular matrix deposition and smooth muscle spasm, which collectively cause remodelling of the airways. Fungus and insect (house dust mite and cockroaches) indoor allergens are particularly rich in proteases. Indeed, more than 40 different types of aeroallergen proteases, which have both IgE-neutralising and tissue-destructive activities, have been documented in the Allergen Nomenclature database. Of all the inhaled protease allergens, 85% are classed as serine protease activities and include trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and collagenolytic serine proteases. In this article, we review and compare the allergenicity and proteolytic effect of allergen serine proteases as listed in the Allergen Nomenclature and MEROPS databases and highlight their contribution to allergic sensitisation, disruption of the epithelial barrier and activation of innate immunity in allergic airways disease. The utility of small-molecule inhibitors of allergen serine proteases as a potential treatment strategy for allergic airways disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Bu X, Wang M, Yuan J, Song J, Luan G, Yu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang L. SerpinB3/B4 Abates Epithelial Cell-Derived CXCL8/IL-8 Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:8553447. [PMID: 38550710 PMCID: PMC10978078 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8553447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Serine proteinase inhibitors, clade B, member 3 (SerpinB3) and B4 are highly similar in amino acid sequences and associated with inflammation regulation. We investigated SerpinB3 and B4 expression and their roles in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods The expression of SerpinB3 and B4 in nasal mucosa tissues, brush cells, and secretions from CRSwNP patients was measured, and their regulation by inflammatory cytokines were investigated. Their functions were also analyzed using air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and transcriptomic analysis. Results Both SerpinB3 and B4 expression was higher in nasal mucosa, brush cells, and secretions from eosinophilic (E) CRSwNP and nonECRSwNP patients than in healthy controls. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that SerpinB3 and B4 were primarily expressed in epithelial cells and their expression was higher in CRSwNP patients. SerpinB3 and B4 expression was upregulated by interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, and IL-17a. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to recombinant SerpinB3 and B4 stimulation. Both the DEGs of SerpinB3 and B4 were associated with disease genes of nasal polyps and inflammation in DisGeNET database. Pathway enrichment indicated that downregulated DEGs of SerpinB3 and B4 were both enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, with CXCL8 as the hub gene in the protein-protein interaction networks. Furthermore, CXCL8/IL-8 expression was downregulated by recombinant SerpinB3 and B4 protein in ALI-cultured HNECs, and upregulated when knockdown of SerpinB3/B4. Conclusion SerpinB3/B4 expression is upregulated in nasal mucosa of CRSwNP patients. SerpinB3/B4 may play an anti-inflammatory role in CRSwNP by inhibiting the expression of epithelial cell-derived CXCL8/IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Bu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ge Luan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Shan Y, Wu J, Dai X, Yuan C, Jiang J, Yan H, Tang L, Dong Y, Ren L, Pan Q, Ji J, Zhao X. Jiangqi Pingxiao formula regulates dendritic cell apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a murine model of OVA-induced asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117405. [PMID: 37952734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allergic asthma is a recurring respiratory condition that typically manifests during childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by a dominant type II immune response triggered by the identification and capturing of inhaled allergens by dendritic cells (DCs). Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula (JQPXF), a prescription medicine used for the treatment of pediatric asthma, has been clinically proven to be both safe and effective. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of asthma has not been fully been fully elucidated. Recent research suggests that several natural compounds have the potential to target dendritic cells (DCs) and alleviate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, which may also be found within JQPXF. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the effect of JQPXF on OVA-induced asthma model and its molecular mechanism targeting DCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main constituents of JQPXF were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). An asthma model was established by OVA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and measurement of respiratory function was used to evaluate the treatment effect of JQPXF on asthmatic mice. Cytokine (IL-5, IL-13 and IgE) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration (T helper 2 cells and DCs) in vivo and DC survival in vivo and vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to verify the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The results suggest that JQPXF can ameliorate pathological conditions and improve lung function in asthmatic mice, as well as the Th2 cells. Treatment with JQPXF significantly reduced the number of DCs and increased the number of Propidium iodide+ (PI) DCs. Furthermore, JQPXF upregulated protein levels of the pro-apoptotic factors Cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax, while downregulating the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Simultaneously, JQPXF increased autophagy levels by facilitating p62 degradation and promoting translation from LC3B I to LC3B II of DCs in vitro, as well as reducing the integrated optical density (IOD) of p62 within the CD11c-positive area in the lung. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used to block autophagic flux and the apoptotic effect of JQPXF on DCs was abolished in vitro, with the number of DCs decreased by JQPXF being reversed in vivo. We further investigated the upstream key regulator of autophagy, the AMPK/mTOR pathway, and found that JQPXF increased AMPK phosphorylation while decreasing mTOR phosphorylation levels. Additionally, we employed Compound C (CC) as an AMPK inhibitor to inhibit this signaling pathway, and our findings revealed that both autophagic flux and apoptotic levels in DCs were abolished in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have demonstrated that JQPXF could alleviate type II inflammation in an asthmatic model by promoting the apoptosis of DCs through an autophagy-dependent mechanism, achieved by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Shan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishun Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Yan K, Liang Y. Decreased TLR7 expression was associated with airway eosinophilic inflammation and lung function in asthma: evidence from machine learning approaches and experimental validation. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:116. [PMID: 38341589 PMCID: PMC10858610 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a global public health concern. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of asthma were poorly understood. This study aims to explore potential biomarkers associated with asthma and analyze the pathological role of immune cell infiltration in the disease. METHODS The gene expression profiles of induced sputum were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE76262 and GSE137268) and were combined for analysis. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) was identified as the core gene by the intersection of two different machine learning algorithms, namely, least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and the top 10 core networks based on Cytohubba. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the difference of immune cell infiltration between asthma and healthy control groups. Finally, the expression level of TLR7 was validated in induced sputum samples of patients with asthma. RESULTS A total of 320 differential expression genes between the asthma and healthy control groups were screened, including 184 upregulated genes and 136 downregulated genes. TLR7 was identified as the core gene after combining the results of LASSO regression, SVM-RFE algorithm, and top 10 hub genes. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of 13 out of 22 infiltrating immune cells in asthma. TLR7 was found to be closely related to the level of several infiltrating immune cells. TLR7 mRNA levels were downregulated in asthmatic patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0049). The area under the curve of TLR7 for the diagnosis of asthma was 0.7674 (95% CI 0.631-0.904, p = 0.006). Moreover, TLR7 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with exhaled nitric oxide fraction (r = - 0.3268, p = 0.0347) and the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils (%) (r = - 0.3472, p = 0.041), and positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (% predicted) (r = 0.3960, p = 0.0071) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (r = 0.3213, p = 0.0314) in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Decreased TLR7 in the induced sputum of eosinophilic asthmatic patients was involved in immune cell infiltration and airway inflammation, which may serve as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxia Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Lushington GH, Linde A, Melgarejo T. Bacterial Proteases as Potentially Exploitable Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Logic from the Literature, Informatics, and Inspiration from the Dog. BIOTECH 2023; 12:61. [PMID: 37987478 PMCID: PMC10660736 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic left many intriguing mysteries. Retrospective vulnerability trends tie as strongly to odd demographics as to exposure profiles, genetics, health, or prior medical history. This article documents the importance of nasal microbiome profiles in distinguishing infection rate trends among differentially affected subgroups. (2) Hypothesis: From a detailed literature survey, microbiome profiling experiments, bioinformatics, and molecular simulations, we propose that specific commensal bacterial species in the Pseudomonadales genus confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections by expressing proteases that may interfere with the proteolytic priming of the Spike protein. (3) Evidence: Various reports have found elevated Moraxella fractions in the nasal microbiomes of subpopulations with higher resistance to COVID-19 (e.g., adolescents, COVID-19-resistant children, people with strong dietary diversity, and omnivorous canines) and less abundant ones in vulnerable subsets (the elderly, people with narrower diets, carnivorous cats and foxes), along with bioinformatic evidence that Moraxella bacteria express proteases with notable homology to human TMPRSS2. Simulations suggest that these proteases may proteolyze the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a manner that interferes with TMPRSS2 priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Linde
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Tonatiuh Melgarejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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Liu L, Zhou L, Wang LL, Zheng PD, Zhang FQ, Mao ZY, Zhang HJ, Liu HG. Programmed Cell Death in Asthma: Apoptosis, Autophagy, Pyroptosis, Ferroptosis, and Necroptosis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2727-2754. [PMID: 37415620 PMCID: PMC10321329 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s417801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a complex heterogeneous airway disease, which has emerged as a global health issue. A comprehensive understanding of the different molecular mechanisms of bronchial asthma may be an efficient means to improve its clinical efficacy in the future. Increasing research evidence indicates that some types of programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis, contributed to asthma pathogenesis, and may become new targets for future asthma treatment. This review briefly discusses the molecular mechanism and signaling pathway of these forms of PCD focuses on summarizing their roles in the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of asthma and offers some efficient means to improve clinical efficacy of therapeutics for asthma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Dou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Guo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Increased Expression of SERPINB10 Associated with Postoperative Recurrence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7164318. [PMID: 36398030 PMCID: PMC9666022 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7164318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common upper airway inflammatory disorder with a high rate of postoperative recurrence. SERPINB10 is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed on epithelial cells, but its role in CRSwNP has not been described. This study is aimed at exploring the SERPINB10 expression in CRSwNP and its relationship with postoperative recidivation. Methods We recruited 140 individuals, consisting of 60 patients with CRSwNP, 40 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Tissue specimens were collected during the surgery, and SERPINB10 expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. We determined the tissue SERPINB10 expression levels in CRSwNP and examined its clinical value in predicting postoperative recurrence. Results We determined that tissue SERPINB10 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the CRSwNP group, especially in the recurrent CRSwNP group, compared with the CRSsNP and HC groups (p < 0.05), and SERPINB10 mRNA levels were correlated with peripheral and tissue eosinophil counts and percentages (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested that the expressions of tissue SERPINB10 mRNA were significantly linked to postoperative recurrence in CRSwNP patients (AUC = 0.741, p < 0.001). Conclusion Elevated local SERPINB10 levels in patients with CRSwNP were related to tissue eosinophilic inflammation and disease recurrence. These data suggested that SERPINB10 might contribute to the eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP and appeared to be a potential biomarker for the prediction of relapse after surgery.
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Yang F, Kong J, Zong Y, Li Z, Lyu M, Li W, Li W, Zhu H, Chen S, Zhao X, Wang J. Autophagy-Related Genes Are Involved in the Progression and Prognosis of Asthma and Regulate the Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897835. [PMID: 35619697 PMCID: PMC9127139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy has been proven to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and the regulation of the airway epithelial immune microenvironment. However, a systematic analysis of the clinical importance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) regulating the immune microenvironment in patients with asthma remains lacking. Methods Clustering based on the k-means unsupervised clustering method was performed to identify autophagy-related subtypes in asthma. ARG-related diagnostic markers in low-autophagy subtypes were screened, the infiltration of immune cells in the airway epithelium was evaluated by the CIBERSORT, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. On the basis of the expression of ARGs and combined with asthma control, a risk prediction model was established and verified by experiments. Results A total of 66 differentially expressed ARGs and 2 subtypes were identified between mild to moderate and severe asthma. Significant differences were observed in asthma control and FEV1 reversibility between the two subtypes, and the low-autophagy subtype was closely associated with severe asthma, energy metabolism, and hormone metabolism. The autophagy gene SERPINB10 was identified as a diagnostic marker and was related to the infiltration of immune cells, such as activated mast cells and neutrophils. Combined with asthma control, a risk prediction model was constructed, the expression of five risk genes was supported by animal experiments, was established for ARGs related to the prediction model. Conclusion Autophagy plays a crucial role in the diversity and complexity of the asthma immune microenvironment and has clinical value in treatment response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Center of Respiratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyang Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenle Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyue Zhu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunqi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Cao Y, Wu Y, Lin L, Yang L, Peng X, Chen L. Identifying key genes and functionally enriched pathways in Th2-high asthma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:110. [PMID: 35550122 PMCID: PMC9097074 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by reversible inflammation of the airways. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells plays a significant role in the mechanisms of asthma. The aim of this study was to identify asthma-related key genes and functionally enriched pathways in a Th2-high group by using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA).
Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE4302, which included 42 asthma patients and 28 controls, were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A gene network was constructed, and genes were classified into different modules using WGCNA. Gene ontology (GO) was performed to further explore the potential function of the genes in the most related module. In addition, the expression profile and diagnostic capacity (ROC curve) of hub genes of interest were verified by dataset GSE67472. Results In dataset GSE4302, subjects with asthma were divided into Th2-high and Th2-low groups according to the expression of the SERPINB2, POSTN and CLCA1 genes. A weighted gene coexpression network was constructed, and genes were classified into 7 modules. Among them, the red module was most closely associated with Th2-high asthma, which contained 60 genes. These genes were significantly enriched in different biological processes and molecular functions. A total of 8 hub genes (TPSB2, CPA3, ITLN1, CST1, SERPINB10, CEACAM5, CHD26 and P2RY14) were identified, and the expression levels of these genes (except TPSB2) were confirmed in dataset GSE67472. ROC curve analysis validated that the expression of these 8 genes exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency for Th2-high asthma and Th2-low asthma. Conclusions The study provides a novel perspective on Th2-high asthma by WGCNA, and the hub genes and potential pathways involved may be beneficial for the diagnosis and management of Th2-high asthma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01241-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cao
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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