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van der Ark-Vonk EM, Puijk MV, Pasterkamp G, van der Laan SW. The Effects of FABP4 on Cardiovascular Disease in the Aging Population. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:163-175. [PMID: 38698167 PMCID: PMC11087245 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) plays a role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. In this paper, we cover FABP4 biology, its implications in atherosclerosis from observational studies, genetic factors affecting FABP4 serum levels, and ongoing drug development to target FABP4 and offer insights into future FABP4 research. RECENT FINDINGS FABP4 impacts cells through JAK2/STAT2 and c-kit pathways, increasing inflammatory and adhesion-related proteins. In addition, FABP4 induces angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. FABP4 is established as a reliable predictive biomarker for cardiovascular disease in specific at-risk groups. Genetic studies robustly link PPARG and FABP4 variants to FABP4 serum levels. Considering the potential effects on atherosclerotic lesion development, drug discovery programs have been initiated in search for potent inhibitors of FABP4. Elevated FABP4 levels indicate an increased cardiovascular risk and is causally related to acceleration of atherosclerotic disease, However, clinical trials for FABP4 inhibition are lacking, possibly due to concerns about available compounds' side effects. Further research on FABP4 genetics and its putative causal role in cardiovascular disease is needed, particularly in aging subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M van der Ark-Vonk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mike V Puijk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Hu Y, Xu J, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang Q. DPP-4 Inhibitors Suppress Tau Phosphorylation and Promote Neuron Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Mellitus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3335-3346. [PMID: 37655714 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been considered as incretin-based agents that signal through GLP-1R. Our high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics methods indicated that GLP-1R, downregulated in diabetes mellitus (DM), was a potential target of DPP-4 inhibitors, which was further confirmed in DM rats. Thus, this study illuminated the alleviatory mechanism of DPP-4 on cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM), which may be associated with GLP-1R signaling. DM rats were administered with DPP-4 inhibitors, Chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor), Exendin 9-39 (a GLP-1R antagonist), or Compound C (a specific inhibitor of AMPK). An in vitro model of DM was induced in rat hippocampal neuronal cell line H19-7 by exposure to high glucose (HG) and high fat (HF), followed by treatment with the above inhibitors and antagonists. It was found that cognitive dysfunction was promoted, and LC3 expression was lowered in DM rats by an autophagy inhibitor. The DPP-4 inhibitors decreased cognitive dysfunction, repressed Tau phosphorylation, and enhanced GLP-1R protein level, LC3 expression, and AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation in DM rats, while GLP-1R antagonist, an autophagy inhibitor, or AMPK inhibitor counteracted these effects. Such effects were also observed in HG/HF-induced neurons. In conclusion, our data elucidated the alleviatory mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors in the cognitive dysfunction of DM rats via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
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3
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El-Ryalat S, Irshaid Y, Abujbara M, El-Khateeb M, Ajlouni K. Adipocyte "Fatty Acid Binding Protein" Gene Polymorphisms ( rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) in Jordanians with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 25:63-70. [PMID: 37265971 PMCID: PMC10230837 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia may result from the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. There are controversial reports concerning the association of polymorphisms (rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) in the gene of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) with obesity and T2DM. Therefore, we designed this study to determine the association of these polymorphisms with obesity, T2DM, and dyslipidemia among Jordanian subjects. Methods The study was approved by the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG) Institutional Review Board (IRB). A total of 397 subjects were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups as described in materials and methods section. The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene containing (rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger DNA sequencing of the PCR product. Results None of the three SNPs were associated with T2DM (p > 0.05). The rs16909187 and rs16909196 were significantly associated with obesity. The wild type (CC) of rs16909187 was significantly higher among the overweight and obese group compared with normal weight controls (OD = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.18 - 3.96, p =0.01). The wild type of rs16909196 (AA) was significantly higher among the overweight and obese group compared to controls, (OD = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.24 - 4.14, p = 0.01). These results may indicate that the wild-type may be a risk factor for obesity.Only the rs1054135 SNP was significantly associated with increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the overweight and obese group compared with the controls (p = 0.03). Conclusions The wild-type genotypes of rs16909196 and rs16909187 may be risk factors for obesity but not T2DM. None of the three SNPs was associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.W. El-Ryalat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Jordan, AmmanJordan
| | - Y.M. Irshaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Jordan, AmmanJordan
| | - M. Abujbara
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics, Amman11942, Jordan
| | - M. El-Khateeb
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics, Amman11942, Jordan
| | - K.M. Ajlouni
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics, Amman11942, Jordan
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4
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Adipose extracellular matrix deposition is an indicator of obesity and metabolic disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109159. [PMID: 36162565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are threats to human health. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important member of adipose microenvironment. ECM remodeling contributes to obesity and insulin resistance, but the roles of every single ECM component is still not fully understood. We observed glucose and lipids metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and humans with obesity. Higher levels of inflammatory factors and hormones existed in serum of HFD-fed mice. Multiple collagens, laminins, fibronectin, nidogen, and Hspg2 were upregulated in obese white adipose tissue (WAT) from mice and humans. These effects were stronger in subcutaneous WAT than visceral WAT in mice, but the fat depot difference was reversed in humans. The ECM structure and the morphology of adipocytes seeded on ECM were changed in the HFD group. In human visceral WAT, ECM genes showed positive correlations with blood lipids and glucose. In vitro, collagen I/IV and LAMA4 proteins showed similar changes with C/EBPα during the differentiation of adipocytes. Macromolecular crowders (MMC) promoted partial collagen and non-collagen gene expression. Oleic acid (OA) and MMC upregulated collagen I/IV and LAMA4 proteins, and the effects of MMC were stronger than that of OA. Moreover, MMC promoted the differentiation of adipocytes, but OA increased the size of lipid droplets. Positive correlations were observed between ECM genes and adipogenesis-related genes in adipocytes. In conclusion, some obesogens (such as HFD) induce ECM remodeling, and the upregulation of ECM components is closely related to adipogenesis, suggesting that adipose ECM deposition is an indicator of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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5
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Guo D, Lin C, Lu Y, Guan H, Qi W, Zhang H, Shao Y, Zeng C, Zhang R, Zhang H, Bai X, Cai D. FABP4 secreted by M1-polarized macrophages promotes synovitis and angiogenesis to exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Res 2022; 10:45. [PMID: 35729106 PMCID: PMC9213409 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that adipokines play a vital role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a novel adipokine that regulates inflammation and angiogenesis, has been extensively studied in a variety of organs and diseases. However, the effect of FABP4 on RA remains unclear. Here, we found that FABP4 expression was upregulated in synovial M1-polarized macrophages in RA. The increase in FABP4 promoted synovitis, angiogenesis, and cartilage degradation to exacerbate RA progression in vivo and in vitro, whereas BMS309403 (a FABP4 inhibitor) and anagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor) inhibited FABP4 expression in serum and synovial M1-polarized macrophages in mice to alleviate RA progression. Further studies showed that constitutive activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by TSC1 deletion specifically in the myeloid lineage regulated FABP4 expression in macrophages to exacerbate RA progression in mice. In contrast, inhibition of mTORC1 by ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb1) disruption specifically in the myeloid lineage reduced FABP4 expression in macrophages to attenuate RA development in mice. Our findings established an essential role of FABP4 that is secreted by M1-polarized macrophages in synovitis, angiogenesis, and cartilage degradation in RA. BMS309403 and anagliptin inhibited FABP4 expression in synovial M1-polarized macrophages to alleviate RA development. Hence, FABP4 may represent a potential target for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangxin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuheng Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Qi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Friend or foe for obesity: how hepatokines remodel adipose tissues and translational perspective. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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7
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Yu F, Tian W, Dong J. Anagliptin prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced inflammation and activation of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108514. [PMID: 35045357 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) induced by infection, which significantly threatens public health. The overactivation of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Anagliptin, a novel anti-diabetic agent widely applied for the treatment of type II diabetes, has been recently claimed to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the protective effects of anagliptin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated macrophages will be checked to explore the possible pharmacological property of anagliptin on sepsis. The state of oxidative stress was dramatically activated by LPS, accompanied by the upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), as well as the elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO). After treatment with anagliptin, the state of oxidative stress in macrophages was alleviated, with the downregulation of TLR4, HMGB-1, iNOS, and the declined release of NO. The excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, activation of the NF-κB pathway, and promoted expression level of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) were observed in LPS- stimulated macrophages, all of which were greatly reversed by the introduction of anagliptin. Lastly, the protective properties of anagliptin on LPS- treated macrophages, including the inhibitory effects on inflammation and the NF-κB pathway, were dramatically abolished by the overexpression of RIP1 in macrophages. Collectively, anagliptin prevented LPS-induced inflammation and activation of P338D1 macrophages by repressing the expression level of RIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, YanTai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Wenxia Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Health Promotion and Education Center, Jinan, Shandong 250002, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, YanTai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
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Furuhashi M, Sakuma I, Morimoto T, Higashiura Y, Sakai A, Matsumoto M, Sakuma M, Shimabukuro M, Nomiyama T, Arasaki O, Node K, Ueda S. Differential Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors, Anagliptin and Sitagliptin, on PCSK9 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who are Receiving Statin Therapy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:24-37. [PMID: 33342939 PMCID: PMC8737073 DOI: 10.5551/jat.58396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) degrades the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, leading to hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular risk. Treatment with a statin leads to a compensatory increase in circulating PCSK9 level. Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to decrease LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to a greater extent than that by sitagliptin, another DPP-4 inhibitor, in the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial. We investigated PCSK9 concentration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the impact of treatment with anagliptin or sitagliptin on PCSK9 level as a sub-analysis of the REASON trial.
Methods:
PCSK9 concentration was measured at baseline and after 52 weeks of treatment with anagliptin (
n
=122) or sitagliptin (
n
=128) in patients with T2DM who were receiving statin therapy. All of the included patients had been treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor prior to randomization.
Results:
Baseline PCSK9 level was positively, but not significantly, correlated with LDL-C and was independently associated with platelet count and level of triglycerides. Concomitant with reduction of LDL-C, but not hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), by anagliptin, PCSK9 level was significantly increased by treatment with sitagliptin (218±98 vs. 242±115 ng/mL,
P
=0.01), but not anagliptin (233±97 vs. 250±106 ng/mL,
P
=0.07).
Conclusions:
PCSK9 level is independently associated with platelet count and level of triglycerides, but not LDL-C, in patients with T2DM. Anagliptin reduces LDL-C level independent of HbA1c control in patients with T2DM who are on statin therapy possibly by suppressing excess statin-mediated PCSK9 induction and subsequent degradation of the LDL receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yukimura Higashiura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mio Sakuma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital
| | - Osamu Arasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tomishiro Central Hospital
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus
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9
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Rojas-Velázquez JM, Giralt-Herrera A, Leiva-Enríquez J, Leiva-Enríquez J. Role of newer antidiabetic drugs on cardiovascular prevention and heart failure. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33:314-322. [PMID: 33820673 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Beyond glucemic control there are other important goals when it comes to providing integral care to patients with diabetes mellitus. A bibliographic review was made in order to identify the role played by new antidiabetic drugs in cardiovascular prevention and heart failure. The use of SLGT2i and GLP1a leads to a significant decrease in cardiovascular events, with no difference between the two, except when it comes to hospitalizations for heart failure, where the superiority of the last ones (especially dapaglifozin and empaglifozin) is evident. The current evidence regarding the effect of dpp-4i is diverse, although an increased risk of hospitalizations for heart failure is observed with the use of some drugs of this class (saxagliptin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Miguel Rojas-Velázquez
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Playa, La Habana, Cuba; Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Alejandro Giralt-Herrera
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Playa, La Habana, Cuba; Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jessica Leiva-Enríquez
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Playa, La Habana, Cuba; Policlínico Universitario Rampa, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jennifer Leiva-Enríquez
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Playa, La Habana, Cuba; Policlínico Universitario Héroes del Moncada, La Habana, Cuba
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10
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Kanie T, Mizuno A, Takaoka Y, Suzuki T, Yoneoka D, Nishikawa Y, Tam WWS, Morze J, Rynkiewicz A, Xin Y, Wu O, Providencia R, Kwong JS. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:CD013650. [PMID: 34693515 PMCID: PMC8812344 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013650.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally. Recently, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were approved for treating people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although metformin remains the first-line pharmacotherapy for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a body of evidence has recently emerged indicating that DPP4i, GLP-1RA and SGLT2i may exert positive effects on patients with known CVD. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the available evidence on the benefits and harms of DPP4i, GLP-1RA, and SGLT2i in people with established CVD, using network meta-analysis. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Conference Proceedings Citation Index on 16 July 2020. We also searched clinical trials registers on 22 August 2020. We did not restrict by language or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating DPP4i, GLP-1RA, or SGLT2i that included participants with established CVD. Outcome measures of interest were CVD mortality, fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal and non-fatal stroke, all-cause mortality, hospitalisation for heart failure (HF), and safety outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently screened the results of searches to identify eligible studies and extracted study data. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. We conducted standard pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses by pooling studies that we assessed to be of substantial homogeneity; subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also pursued to explore how study characteristics and potential effect modifiers could affect the robustness of our review findings. We analysed study data using the odds ratios (ORs) and log odds ratios (LORs) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and credible intervals (Crls), where appropriate. We also performed narrative synthesis for included studies that were of substantial heterogeneity and that did not report quantitative data in a usable format, in order to discuss their individual findings and relevance to our review scope. MAIN RESULTS We included 31 studies (287 records), of which we pooled data from 20 studies (129,465 participants) for our meta-analysis. The majority of the included studies were at low risk of bias, using Cochrane's tool for assessing risk of bias. Among the 20 pooled studies, six investigated DPP4i, seven studied GLP-1RA, and the remaining seven trials evaluated SGLT2i. All outcome data described below were reported at the longest follow-up duration. 1. DPP4i versus placebo Our review suggests that DPP4i do not reduce any risk of efficacy outcomes: CVD mortality (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.09; high-certainty evidence), myocardial infarction (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.08; high-certainty evidence), stroke (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.14; high-certainty evidence), and all-cause mortality (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.11; high-certainty evidence). DPP4i probably do not reduce hospitalisation for HF (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.23; moderate-certainty evidence). DPP4i may not increase the likelihood of worsening renal function (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.33; low-certainty evidence) and probably do not increase the risk of bone fracture (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.19; moderate-certainty evidence) or hypoglycaemia (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.29; moderate-certainty evidence). They are likely to increase the risk of pancreatitis (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.37; moderate-certainty evidence). 2. GLP-1RA versus placebo Our findings indicate that GLP-1RA reduce the risk of CV mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95; high-certainty evidence), all-cause mortality (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95; high-certainty evidence), and stroke (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98; high-certainty evidence). GLP-1RA probably do not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.01; moderate-certainty evidence), and hospitalisation for HF (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.06; high-certainty evidence). GLP-1RA may reduce the risk of worsening renal function (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.84; low-certainty evidence), but may have no impact on pancreatitis (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.35; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain about the effect of GLP-1RA on hypoglycaemia and bone fractures. 3. SGLT2i versus placebo This review shows that SGLT2i probably reduce the risk of CV mortality (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.95; moderate-certainty evidence), all-cause mortality (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.96; moderate-certainty evidence), and reduce the risk of HF hospitalisation (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.71; high-certainty evidence); they do not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.12; high-certainty evidence) and probably do not reduce the risk of stroke (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.36; moderate-certainty evidence). In terms of treatment safety, SGLT2i probably reduce the incidence of worsening renal function (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.82; moderate-certainty evidence), and probably have no effect on hypoglycaemia (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.07; moderate-certainty evidence) or bone fracture (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18; high-certainty evidence), and may have no impact on pancreatitis (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.86; low-certainty evidence). 4. Network meta-analysis Because we failed to identify direct comparisons between each class of the agents, findings from our network meta-analysis provided limited novel insights. Almost all findings from our network meta-analysis agree with those from the standard meta-analysis. GLP-1RA may not reduce the risk of stroke compared with placebo (OR 0.87, 95% CrI 0.75 to 1.0; moderate-certainty evidence), which showed similar odds estimates and wider 95% Crl compared with standard pairwise meta-analysis. Indirect estimates also supported comparison across all three classes. SGLT2i was ranked the best for CVD and all-cause mortality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Findings from both standard and network meta-analyses of moderate- to high-certainty evidence suggest that GLP-1RA and SGLT2i are likely to reduce the risk of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in people with established CVD; high-certainty evidence demonstrates that treatment with SGLT2i reduce the risk of hospitalisation for HF, while moderate-certainty evidence likely supports the use of GLP-1RA to reduce fatal and non-fatal stroke. Future studies conducted in the non-diabetic CVD population will reveal the mechanisms behind how these agents improve clinical outcomes irrespective of their glucose-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Kanie
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizuno
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Takaoka
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Nishikawa
- Department of Gerontological Nursing and Healthcare Systems Management, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jakub Morze
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rynkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Yiqiao Xin
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment (HEHTA), Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olivia Wu
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment (HEHTA), Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rui Providencia
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joey Sw Kwong
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
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He YL, Chen MT, Wang T, Zhang MM, Li YX, Wang HY, Ding N. Development of FABP4/5 inhibitors with potential therapeutic effect on type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113720. [PMID: 34332399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the weak potency, low selectivity over FABP3, or poor pharmacokinetic profiles of currently reported dual FABP4/5 inhibitors impeded further research. Here, we described the characterization of a series of dual FABP4/5 inhibitors with improved metabolic stabilities and physicochemical properties based on our previous studies. Among the compounds, D9 and E1 exhibited good inhibitory activities against FABP4/5 and favorable selectivity over FABP3 in vitro. In cell-based assays, D9 and E1 exerted a decrease of FABP4 secretion, a strong anti-lipolytic effect in mature adipocytes, and suppression of MCP-1 expression in THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, D9 and E1 possessed good metabolic stabilities in mouse hepatic microsomes and acceptable pharmacokinetics profiles in ICR mice. Further in vivo experiments showed that D9 and E1 could potently decrease serum FABP4 levels and ameliorate glucose metabolism disorders in obese diabetic db/db mice. These results demonstrated that D9 and E1 could serve as lead compounds for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying-Xia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - He-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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12
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Zhang S, Li P, Xin M, Jin X, Zhao L, Nan Y, Cheng XW. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition prevents lung injury in mice under chronic stress via the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Exp Anim 2021; 70:541-552. [PMID: 34219073 PMCID: PMC8614009 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for various pulmonary diseases. In view of the essential role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in animal and human lung pathobiology, we investigated the role of DPP4 in stress-related lung injury in mice. Eight-week-old male mice were randomly divided into a non-stress group and a 2-week immobilization stress group. Non-stress control mice were left undisturbed. The mice subjected to immobilized stress were randomly assigned to the vehicle or the DPP4 inhibitor anagliptin for 2 weeks. Chronic stress reduced subcutaneous and inguinal adipose volumes and increased blood DPP4 levels. The stressed mice showed increased levels in the lungs of genes and/or proteins related to oxidative stress (p67phox, p47phox, p22phox and gp91phox), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1), apoptosis (caspase-3, -8, -9), senescence (p16INK4A, p21, and p53) and proteolysis (matrix metalloproteinase-2 to -9, cathepsin S/K, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2), and reduced levels of eNOS, Sirt1, and Bcl-2 proteins; and these effects were reversed by genetic and pharmacological inhibitions of DPP4. We then exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro to hydrogen peroxide; anagliptin treatment was also observed to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory molecules in this setting. Anagliptin can improve lung injury in stressed mice, possibly by mitigating vascular inflammation, oxidative stress production, and proteolysis. DPP4 may become a new therapeutic target for chronic psychological stress-related lung disease in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union, Medical College
| | - Minglong Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Longguo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Yongshan Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
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Wang H, Cao J, Su JB, Wang XQ, Wang X, Zhang DM, Wang XH. Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels and responses of pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:70. [PMID: 34174950 PMCID: PMC8234651 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), as an intracellular lipid chaperone and adipokine, was reported to be related to the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications, but its association with pancreatic islet β-cell and α-cell functions has not been fully elucidated. So the present study was to investigate the serum FABP4 levels and responses of islet β-cells and α-cells in patients with T2D. METHODS 115 patients with T2D and 89 healthy controls (HC), who received serum FABP4 levels test, were recruited to participate in this study. Moreover, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in T2D patients to evaluate islet β-cell and α-cell functions. Systemic insulin sensitivity and overall insulin secretion of islet β-cell function were assessed by Matsuda index using C peptide (ISIM-cp) and ratio of the area under the C peptide curve to the glucose curve (AUCcp/glu) during OGTT, respectively. Fasting glucagon (Gluca0min) and postchallenge glucagon assessed by the area under the glucagon curve (AUCgluca) were determined during OGTT to evaluate islet α-cell function. And other various clinical variables were also measured in all participants. Skewed variables were natural log-transformed (ln), such as lnFABP4. RESULTS The serum FABP4 levels in T2D patients were significantly higher than those in HC (p < 0.05). And after partially adjusting for fasting plasma glucose, serum lnFABP4 levels were negatively correlated with lnISIM-cp (r = - 0.332, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with lnAUCcp/glu (r = 0.324, p < 0.001), lnGluca0min (r = 0.200, p = 0.040) and lnAUCgluca (r = 0.311, p < 0.001), respectively, in patients with T2D. Furthermore, when multiple linear regression analyses were applied to adjust for other various clinical variables, serum lnFABP4 levels were found to remain associated with lnISIM-cp (β = - 0.296, t = - 2.900, p = 0.005), lnAUCcp/glu (β = 0.223, t = 2.038, p = 0.046), lnGluca0min (β = 0.272, t = 2.330, p = 0.024) and lnAUCgluca (β = 0.341, t = 3.065, p = 0.004), respectively. CONCLUSION Increased serum FABP4 levels were closely associated with blunted insulin sensitivity, increased insulin secretion, and elevated fasting and postchallenge glucagon levels in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Jian-bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xue-qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Dong-mei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xiao-hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
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14
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Shaheer A, Kumar A, Menon P, Jallo M, Basha S. Effect of Add-On Therapy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors on Adipokines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:355-362. [PMID: 34267843 PMCID: PMC8256907 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess adiposity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to metabolic changes in the body. Visceral obesity increases the risk of diabetes mellitus through adipocytokines and hence the effective targeting therapies are essential to control obesity in high-risk individuals. The study's main objective was to evaluate the effect of add-on therapy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on visceral fat-associated serum adipokines. Methods The study included 90 subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The blood samples were taken before starting first-line therapy with metformin, 12 weeks after starting metformin therapy and 12 weeks after starting add-on therapy. Serum adipokines were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was estimated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biochemical variables were measured using Cobas® 6000 analyzer. Results The mean adiponectin level was significantly elevated with add-on therapy using SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors (P < 0.001). The mean retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and visfatin levels were reduced considerably (P < 0.001). The SGLT2 inhibitors are more effective on serum FABP4 in patients with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.038). The mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) and HbA1c levels were reduced significantly with add-on therapy (P < 0.001). Lipid profile was also altered significantly with this add-on therapy (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results indicate that add-on therapy exerts a beneficial effect in type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently controlled with metformin only by altering the visceral fat-associated adipokine levels and controlling the metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Shaheer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Palat Menon
- Clinical Department, Pathology Laboratory, Fakeeh University Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahir Jallo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaikh Basha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Kang SM, Jung HS, Kwon MJ, Lee SH, Park JH. Effects of anagliptin on the stress induced accelerated senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:750. [PMID: 34268363 PMCID: PMC8246235 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via inhibition of the enzymatic activity of DPP-4 in degrading active circulating glucagon-like peptide-1. In addition to their glucose-lowering effect, DPP-4 inhibitors have pleiotropic effects. Cellular senescence regarded as important pathophysiological mechanism underlying many degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis. This study was performed to examine whether the DPP-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, can directly protect against stress-induced accelerated senescence (SIAS) of vascular endothelial cells, regardless of changes in ambient glucose level. Methods Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to various concentrations of H2O2, and a fixed high concentration of glucose (25 mM) with varying concentrations of palmitate. Changes in cell viability, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), p16 protein, markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, NOX4, NLRP inflammasome, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and interleukin (IL) 1β levels were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively before and after application of anagliptin. Results The application of oxidative and glucolipotoxic stresses markedly increased the degree of SIAS of HUVECs, represented by increased SA-β-Gal immunopositivity and p16 protein expression. Aggravation of ER stress and inflammatory response were also observed through increased levels of ATF4, CHOP, peIF2α, NOX4, NLRP inflammasome, LDH, and IL1β. These changes were markedly reversed by the administration of anagliptin. Conclusions The DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin effectively protects HUVECs against SIAS, suggesting its potential use in the development of new treatment strategies for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Mee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Sook Jung
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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16
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Elevated circulating FABP4 concentration predicts cardiovascular death in a general population: a 12-year prospective study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4008. [PMID: 33597568 PMCID: PMC7889640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is secreted from adipose tissue and acts as an adipokine, and an elevated circulating FABP4 level is associated with metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the causal link between circulating FABP4 level and mortality in a general population. We investigated the relationship between FABP4 concentration and mortality including cardiovascular death during a 12-year period in subjects of the Tanno-Sobetsu Study, a population-based cohort (n = 721, male/female: 302/419). FABP4 concentration at baseline was significantly higher in female subjects than in male subjects. All-cause death occurred in 123 (male/female: 74/49) subjects, and 34 (male/female: 20/14) and 42 (male/female: 26/16) subjects died of cardiovascular events and cancer, respectively. When divided into 3 groups according to tertiles of FABP4 level at baseline by sex (T1–T3), Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that there were significant differences in rates of all-cause death and cardiovascular death, but not cancer death, among the groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analysis with a restricted cubic spline showed that hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular death, but not that for all-cause death, significantly increased with a higher FABP4 level at baseline after adjustment of age and sex. The risk of cardiovascular death after adjustment of age, sex, body mass index and levels of brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the 3rd tertile (T3) group (HR: 4.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–22.3) was significantly higher than that in the 1st tertile (T1) group as the reference. In conclusion, elevated circulating FABP4 concentration predicts cardiovascular death in a general population.
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Adeghate EA, Kalász H, Al Jaberi S, Adeghate J, Tekes K. Tackling type 2 diabetes-associated cardiovascular and renal comorbidities: a key challenge for drug development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 30:85-93. [PMID: 33327794 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1865914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Saeeda Al Jaberi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer Adeghate
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Kornelia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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Furuhashi M, Sakuma I, Morimoto T, Higashiura Y, Sakai A, Matsumoto M, Sakuma M, Shimabukuro M, Nomiyama T, Arasaki O, Node K, Ueda S. Independent and Distinct Associations of FABP4 and FABP5 With Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:575557. [PMID: 33071982 PMCID: PMC7538548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.575557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Among fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), secreted forms of FABP4 and FABP5, which are expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, act as bioactive molecules. We investigated concentrations of FABP4 and FABP5 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: As a sub-analysis study of the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin vs. Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial, 256 patients (male/female: 146/110, age: 68 ± 10 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia who were receiving statin therapy were recruited. Patients who had been treated with a thiazolidinedione were excluded. Results: Several drugs which may modulate FABP4 levels including statins, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers had been administered in 100, 81, and 51% of the recruited patients, respectively. The level of FABP4, but not that of FABP5, was significantly higher in females than in males. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that waist circumference (β = 0.21), estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = -0.31), triglycerides (β = 0.16), and FABP5 (β = 0.39) were independent predictors of FABP4 level after adjusting age and sex. On the other hand, FABP5 level was independently associated with levels of FABP4 (β = 0.57) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β = -0.12). Conclusions: Concentrations of FABP4 and FABP5 are independent predictors of each other in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are distinct independent associations of FABP4 with renal dysfunction, adiposity and hypertriglyceridemia and there is a distinct independent association of FABP5 with a low HDL cholesterol level in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia at high risks for cardiovascular disease who are receiving statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masato Furuhashi
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Caress Sapporo Hokko Memorial Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yukimura Higashiura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mio Sakuma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Arasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomigusuku, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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