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Abi Assaf J, Holden ER, Trampari E, Webber MA. Common food preservatives impose distinct selective pressures on Salmonella Typhimurium planktonic and biofilm populations. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104517. [PMID: 38637079 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Food preservatives are crucial in controlling microbial growth in processed foods to maintain food safety. Bacterial biofilms pose a threat in the food chain by facilitating persistence on a range of surfaces and food products. Cells in a biofilm are often highly tolerant of antimicrobials and can evolve in response to antimicrobial exposure. Little is known about the efficacy of preservatives against biofilms and their potential impact on the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. In this study we investigated how Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium responded to subinhibitory concentrations of four food preservatives (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium nitrite or sodium lactate) when grown planktonically and in biofilms. We found that each preservative exerted a unique selective pressure on S. Typhimurium populations. There was a trade-off between biofilm formation and growth in the presence of three of the four preservatives, where prolonged preservative exposure resulted in reduced biofilm biomass and matrix production over time. All three preservatives selected for mutations in global stress response regulators rpoS and crp. There was no evidence for any selection of cross-resistance to antibiotics after preservative exposure. In conclusion, we showed that preservatives affect biofilm formation and bacterial growth in a compound specific manner. We showed trade-offs between biofilm formation and preservative tolerance, but no antibiotic cross-tolerance. This indicates that bacterial adaptation to continuous preservative exposure, is unlikely to affect food safety or contribute to antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Abi Assaf
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Emma R Holden
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Eleftheria Trampari
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Javed MA, Ivanovich N, Messinese E, Liu R, Astorga SE, Yeo YP, Idapalapati S, Lauro FM, Wade SA. The Role of Metallurgical Features in the Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Critical Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:892. [PMID: 38792722 PMCID: PMC11124232 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a potentially critical degradation mechanism for a wide range of materials exposed to environments that contain relevant microorganisms. The likelihood and rate of MIC are affected by microbiological, chemical, and metallurgical factors; hence, the understanding of the mechanisms involved, verification of the presence of MIC, and the development of mitigation methods require a multidisciplinary approach. Much of the recent focus in MIC research has been on the microbiological and chemical aspects, with less attention given to metallurgical attributes. Here, we address this knowledge gap by providing a critical synthesis of the literature on the metallurgical aspects of MIC of carbon steel, a material frequently associated with MIC failures and widely used in construction and infrastructure globally. The article begins by introducing the process of MIC, then progresses to explore the complexities of various metallurgical factors relevant to MIC in carbon steel. These factors include chemical composition, grain size, grain boundaries, microstructural phases, inclusions, and welds, highlighting their potential influence on MIC processes. This review systematically presents key discoveries, trends, and the limitations of prior research, offering some novel insights into the impact of metallurgical factors on MIC, particularly for the benefit of those already familiar with other aspects of MIC. The article concludes with recommendations for documenting metallurgical data in MIC research. An appreciation of relevant metallurgical attributes is essential for a critical assessment of a material's vulnerability to MIC to advance research practices and to broaden the collective knowledge in this rapidly evolving area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Javed
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Nicolò Ivanovich
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
| | - Elena Messinese
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ruiliang Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
- Curtin Corrosion Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Western Australia School of Mines (WASM), Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Solange E. Astorga
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
| | - Yee Phan Yeo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
| | - Sridhar Idapalapati
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Federico M. Lauro
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Cleantech ONE, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Wade
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
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Huang Y, Han Q, Zhou J, Meng X, Huo L, Lei Y. The effect of bovine trypsin on dental biofilm dispersion: an in vitro study. Odontology 2024; 112:501-511. [PMID: 37955766 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of caries-related bacteria and provide an experimental foundation for the prevention of dental caries. Standard strains of S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. gordonii, and L. acidophilus were co-cultured to form 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h biofilms. The experimental groups were treated with bovine trypsin for 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min. Morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), live bacteria, and dead bacteria were conducted using the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The morphological changes of EPS and bacteria were also observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When biofilm was treated for 1 min, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS was 0.5 mg/mL in 24 h and 48 h biofilms, and the MIC of bovine trypsin was 2.5 mg/mL in 72 h biofilms (P < 0.05). When biofilm was treated for 3 min, the MIC of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS was 0.25 mg/mL in 24 h and 48 h biofilms, the MIC of bovine trypsin was 1 mg/mL in 72 h biofilm (P < 0.05). The ratio of live-to-dead bacteria in the treatment group was significantly lower than blank group in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h multispecies biofilms (P < 0.05). Bovine trypsin can destroy multispecies biofilm structure, disperse biofilm and bacteria flora, and reduce the EPS and bacterial biomass in vitro, which are positively correlated with the application time and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Qunchao Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Xinhui Meng
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China.
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
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Uysal I, Tezcaner A, Evis Z. Methods to improve antibacterial properties of PEEK: A review. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:022004. [PMID: 38364280 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
As a thermoplastic and bioinert polymer, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) serves as spine implants, femoral stems, cranial implants, and joint arthroplasty implants due to its mechanical properties resembling the cortical bone, chemical stability, and radiolucency. Although there are standards and antibiotic treatments for infection control during and after surgery, the infection risk is lowered but can not be eliminated. The antibacterial properties of PEEK implants should be improved to provide better infection control. This review includes the strategies for enhancing the antibacterial properties of PEEK in four categories: immobilization of functional materials and functional groups, forming nanocomposites, changing surface topography, and coating with antibacterial material. The measuring methods of antibacterial properties of the current studies of PEEK are explained in detail under quantitative, qualitative, andin vivomethods. The mechanisms of bacterial inhibition by reactive oxygen species generation, contact killing, trap killing, and limited bacterial adhesion on hydrophobic surfaces are explained with corresponding antibacterial compounds or techniques. The prospective analysis of the current studies is done, and dual systems combining osteogenic and antibacterial agents immobilized on the surface of PEEK are found the promising solution for a better implant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Uysal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer Evis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Sukmarini L, Atikana A, Hertiani T. Antibiofilm activity of marine microbial natural products: potential peptide- and polyketide-derived molecules from marine microbes toward targeting biofilm-forming pathogens. J Nat Med 2024; 78:1-20. [PMID: 37930514 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling and treating biofilm-related infections is challenging because of the widespread presence of multidrug-resistant microbes. Biofilm, a naturally occurring matrix of microbial aggregates, has developed intricate and diverse resistance mechanisms against many currently used antibiotics. This poses a significant problem, especially for human health, including clinically chronic infectious diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for and develop new and more effective antibiotics. As the marine environment is recognized as a promising reservoir of new biologically active molecules with potential pharmacological properties, marine natural products, particularly those of microbial origin, have emerged as a promising source of antibiofilm agents. Marine microbes represent an untapped source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, marine natural products, owing to their self-defense mechanisms and adaptation to harsh conditions, encompass a wide range of chemical compounds, including peptides and polyketides, which are primarily found in microbes. These molecules can be exploited to provide novel and unique structures for developing alternative antibiotics as effective antibiofilm agents. This review focuses on the possible antibiofilm mechanism of these marine microbial molecules against biofilm-forming pathogens. It provides an overview of biofilm development, its recalcitrant mode of action, strategies for the development of antibiofilm agents, and their assessments. The review also revisits some selected peptides and polyketides from marine microbes reported between 2016 and 2023, highlighting their moderate and considerable antibiofilm activities. Moreover, their antibiofilm mechanisms, such as adhesion modulation/inhibition targeting biofilm-forming pathogens, quorum sensing intervention and inhibition, and extracellular polymeric substance disruption, are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sukmarini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia.
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Center, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Akhirta Atikana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Center, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Triana Hertiani
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Center, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
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Gieroń M, Żarnowiec P, Zegadło K, Gmiter D, Czerwonka G, Kaca W, Kręcisz B. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification of DNA (LAMP) as an Alternative Method for Determining Bacteria in Wound Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:411. [PMID: 38203582 PMCID: PMC10778741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of patients with chronic wounds requires the development of quick and accurate diagnostics methods. One of the key and challenging aspects of treating ulcers is to control wound infection. Early detection of infection is essential for the application of suitable treatment methods, such as systemic antibiotics or other antimicrobial agents. Clinically, the most frequently used method for detecting microorganisms in wounds is through a swab and culture on appropriate media. This test has major limitations, such as the long bacterial growth time and the selectivity of bacterial growth. This article presents an overview of molecular methods for detecting bacteria in wounds, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), genotyping, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). We focus on the LAMP method, which has not yet been widely used to detect bacteria in wounds, but it is an interesting alternative to conventional detection methods. LAMP does not require additional complicated equipment and provides the fastest detection time for microorganisms (approx. 30 min reaction). It also allows the use of many pairs of primers in one reaction and determination of up to 15 organisms in one sample. Isothermal amplification of DNA is currently the easiest and most economical method for microbial detection in wound infection. Direct visualization of the reaction with dyes, along with omitting DNA isolation, has increased the potential use of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gieroń
- Faculty of Medicine, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (M.G.); (B.K.)
- Dermatology Department, Provincial General Hospital, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Paulina Żarnowiec
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.Ż.); (K.Z.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Zegadło
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.Ż.); (K.Z.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Dawid Gmiter
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.Ż.); (K.Z.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.Ż.); (K.Z.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.Ż.); (K.Z.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Beata Kręcisz
- Faculty of Medicine, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (M.G.); (B.K.)
- Dermatology Department, Provincial General Hospital, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
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Ghanipour F, Nazari R, Aghaei SS, Jafari P. Effect of lipopeptide extracted from Bacillus licheniformis on the expression of bap and luxI genes in multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1891-1907. [PMID: 37907777 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, opportunistic pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have caused concern due to their ability to cause antibiotic resistance in weakened immune systems. As a result, researchers are always seeking efficient antimicrobial agents to tackle this issue. The hypothesis of the recent study was that probiotic products derived from bacteria would be effective in reducing drug resistance in other bacteria. This research aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of probiotic products from various bacterial strains, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus acidilactisi, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis. These were tested against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) standard strains A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. B. licheniformis was found to be the most effective probiotic strain, possessing the LanA and LanM lantibiotic genes. The lipopeptide nature of the probiotic product was confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The anti-biofilm and antimicrobial properties of this probiotic were measured using an SEM electron microscope and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to compare the expression of bap and luxI genes, which are considered virulence factors of drug-resistant bacteria, before and after treatment with antimicrobial agents. The MIC results showed that the probiotic product prevented the growth of bacteria at lower concentrations compared to antibiotics. In addition, the ΔΔCqs indicated that gene expression was significantly down-regulated following treatment with the obtained probiotic product. It was found that B. licheniformis probiotic products could reduce drug resistance in other bacteria, making it a potential solution to antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farangis Ghanipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 15 Khordad Boulevard, Qom, Iran
| | - Razieh Nazari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 15 Khordad Boulevard, Qom, Iran.
| | - Seyed Soheil Aghaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 15 Khordad Boulevard, Qom, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, 3749113191, Iran
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Etemadi A, Hashemi SS, Chiniforush N. Evaluation of the effect of photodynamic therapy with Curcumin and Riboflavin on implant surface contaminated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103833. [PMID: 37802275 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is a destructive inflammatory disease affecting both hard and soft tissues of the osseointegrated implant and causing bone loss and envelope surrounding the implant. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of Photodynamic therapy with Curcumin and Riboflavin on the level of decontamination of implant surface impregnated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental and laboratory study, 42 implants (4.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length) were infected with A.a. bacterial suspension. Then, the implants carrying A.a biofilm were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6). The groups included: 1- a negative control group (without treatment), 2- a positive control group of Chlorhexidine 0.12 %, 3- a Curcumin (5 mg/ ml) group, 4- a Riboflavin (0.5 %) group, 5- an LED irradiation group (390-480 nm), 6- a photodynamic therapy with Curcumin group, and 7- a photodynamic therapy with Riboflavin group. Then, the implants were sonicated and the amount of CFU/mL of each sample was calculated. One-way ANOVA and Tamhane tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The lowest mean number of colonies of A.a (CFU/ mL) were seen in the following groups, respectively: the positive control group of Chlorhexidine 0.12 %, the photodynamic therapy with Curcumin group, the photodynamic therapy with Riboflavin group, the Curcumin (5 mg/ ml) group, the Riboflavin (0.5 %) group, the LED radiation group, and the negative control group. The use of photodynamic therapy with Curcumin significantly reduced the number of colonies of A.a (CFU/ mL) in comparison with the photodynamic therapy with Riboflavin group (p = 0.004), the Riboflavin group (p = 0.045), the LED radiation group (p = 0.012), and the negative control group (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION aPDT with Curcumin and LED can reduce A.a biofilm on implant surfaces and can be used as a safe and non-invasive disinfection method to reduce A.a biofilm on implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Yang S, Li X, Cang W, Mu D, Ji S, An Y, Wu R, Wu J. Biofilm tolerance, resistance and infections increasing threat of public health. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:233-247. [PMID: 37933277 PMCID: PMC10625689 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.11.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can cause chronic infection. In the clinical setting, the biofilm-related infections usually persist and reoccur; the main reason is the increased antibiotic resistance of biofilms. Traditional antibiotic therapy is not effective and might increase the threat of antibiotic resistance to public health. Therefore, it is urgent to study the tolerance and resistance mechanism of biofilms to antibiotics and find effective therapies for biofilm-related infections. The tolerance mechanism and host reaction of biofilm to antibiotics are reviewed, and bacterial biofilm related diseases formed by human pathogens are discussed thoroughly. The review also explored the role of biofilms in the development of bacterial resistance mechanisms and proposed therapeutic intervention strategies for biofilm related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Xinfei Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Weihe Cang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Delun Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Yuejia An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
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10
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Lee J, Ju F, Beck K, Bürgmann H. Differential effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on the antibiotic resistomes of diverse river habitats. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1993-2002. [PMID: 37684524 PMCID: PMC10579368 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key sources of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that could influence the resistomes of microbial communities in various habitats of the receiving river ecosystem. However, it is currently unknown which habitats are most impacted and whether ARGs, like certain chemical contaminants, could be accumulated or enriched in the river ecosystem. We conducted a systematic metagenomic survey on the antibiotic resistomes of WWTP effluent, four riverine habitats (water, suspended particles, sediment, epilithic biofilm), and freshwater amphipod gut microbiomes. The impact of WWTP effluent on the downstream habitats was assessed in nine Swiss rivers. While there were significant differences in resistomes across habitats, the wastewater resistome was more similar to the resistome of receiving river water than to the resistomes of other habitats, and river water was the habitat most strongly impacted by the WWTPs effluent. The sulfonamide, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes were among the most abundant ARGs in the WWTP effluents, and especially aadA, sul1, and class A beta-lactamase genes showed significantly increased abundance in the river water of downstream compared to upstream locations (p < 0.05). However, this was not the case for the sediment, biofilm, and amphipod gut habitats. Accordingly, evidence for accumulation or enrichment of ARGs through the riverine food web was not identified. Our study suggests that monitoring riverine antimicrobial resistance determinants could be conducted using "co-occurrence" of aadA, sul1, and class A beta-lactamase genes as an indicator of wastewater-related pollution and should focus on the water as the most affected habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoo Lee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310030, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Karin Beck
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
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Cordero M, Mitarai N, Jauffred L. Motility mediates satellite formation in confined biofilms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1819-1827. [PMID: 37592064 PMCID: PMC10579341 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have spectacular survival capabilities and can spread in many, vastly different environments. For instance, when pathogenic bacteria infect a host, they expand by proliferation and squeezing through narrow pores and elastic matrices. However, the exact role of surface structures-important for biofilm formation and motility-and matrix density in colony expansion and morphogenesis is still largely unknown. Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we show how satellite colonies emerge around Escherichia coli colonies embedded in semi-dense hydrogel in controlled in vitro assays. Using knock-out mutants, we tested how extra-cellular structures, (e.g., exo-polysaccharides, flagella, and fimbria) control this morphology. Moreover, we identify the extra-cellular matrix' density, where this morphology is possible. When paralleled with mathematical modelling, our results suggest that satellite formation allows bacterial communities to spread faster. We anticipate that this strategy is important to speed up expansion in various environments, while retaining the close interactions and protection provided by the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Cordero
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Namiko Mitarai
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Liselotte Jauffred
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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12
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Zadjelovic V, Wright RJ, Borsetto C, Quartey J, Cairns TN, Langille MGI, Wellington EMH, Christie-Oleza JA. Microbial hitchhikers harbouring antimicrobial-resistance genes in the riverine plastisphere. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:225. [PMID: 37908022 PMCID: PMC10619285 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread nature of plastic pollution has given rise to wide scientific and social concern regarding the capacity of these materials to serve as vectors for pathogenic bacteria and reservoirs for Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARG). In- and ex-situ incubations were used to characterise the riverine plastisphere taxonomically and functionally in order to determine whether antibiotics within the water influenced the ARG profiles in these microbiomes and how these compared to those on natural surfaces such as wood and their planktonic counterparts. RESULTS We show that plastics support a taxonomically distinct microbiome containing potential pathogens and ARGs. While the plastisphere was similar to those biofilms that grew on wood, they were distinct from the surrounding water microbiome. Hence, whilst potential opportunistic pathogens (i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas) and ARG subtypes (i.e. those that confer resistance to macrolides/lincosamides, rifamycin, sulfonamides, disinfecting agents and glycopeptides) were predominant in all surface-related microbiomes, especially on weathered plastics, a completely different set of potential pathogens (i.e. Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella and Streptococcus) and ARGs (i.e. aminoglycosides, tetracycline, aminocoumarin, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazole, oxazolidinone and fosfomycin) dominated in the planktonic compartment. Our genome-centric analysis allowed the assembly of 215 Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs), linking ARGs and other virulence-related genes to their host. Interestingly, a MAG belonging to Escherichia -that clearly predominated in water- harboured more ARGs and virulence factors than any other MAG, emphasising the potential virulent nature of these pathogenic-related groups. Finally, ex-situ incubations using environmentally-relevant concentrations of antibiotics increased the prevalence of their corresponding ARGs, but different riverine compartments -including plastispheres- were affected differently by each antibiotic. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insights into the capacity of the riverine plastisphere to harbour a distinct set of potentially pathogenic bacteria and function as a reservoir of ARGs. The environmental impact that plastics pose if they act as a reservoir for either pathogenic bacteria or ARGs is aggravated by the persistence of plastics in the environment due to their recalcitrance and buoyancy. Nevertheless, the high similarities with microbiomes growing on natural co-occurring materials and even more worrisome microbiome observed in the surrounding water highlights the urgent need to integrate the analysis of all environmental compartments when assessing risks and exposure to pathogens and ARGs in anthropogenically-impacted ecosystems. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Zadjelovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Present address: Centro de Bioinnovación de Antofagasta (CBIA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, 1271155, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Robyn J Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Chiara Borsetto
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jeannelle Quartey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tyler N Cairns
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.
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13
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Kostešić E, Mitrović M, Kajan K, Marković T, Hausmann B, Orlić S, Pjevac P. Microbial Diversity and Activity of Biofilms from Geothermal Springs in Croatia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2305-2319. [PMID: 37209180 PMCID: PMC10640420 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hot spring biofilms are stable, highly complex microbial structures. They form at dynamic redox and light gradients and are composed of microorganisms adapted to the extreme temperatures and fluctuating geochemical conditions of geothermal environments. In Croatia, a large number of poorly investigated geothermal springs host biofilm communities. Here, we investigated the microbial community composition of biofilms collected over several seasons at 12 geothermal springs and wells. We found biofilm microbial communities to be temporally stable and highly dominated by Cyanobacteria in all but one high-temperature sampling site (Bizovac well). Of the physiochemical parameters recorded, temperature had the strongest influence on biofilm microbial community composition. Besides Cyanobacteria, the biofilms were mainly inhabited by Chloroflexota, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. In a series of incubations with Cyanobacteria-dominated biofilms from Tuhelj spring and Chloroflexota- and Pseudomonadota-dominated biofilms from Bizovac well, we stimulated either chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic community members, to determine the fraction of microorganisms dependent on organic carbon (in situ predominantly produced via photosynthesis) versus energy derived from geochemical redox gradients (here simulated by addition of thiosulfate). We found surprisingly similar levels of activity in response to all substrates in these two distinct biofilm communities, and observed microbial community composition and hot spring geochemistry to be poor predictors of microbial activity in the study systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Kostešić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Mitrović
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kajan
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia
| | | | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandi Orlić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Korth B, Pereira J, Sleutels T, Harnisch F, Heijne AT. Comparing theoretical and practical biomass yields calls for revisiting thermodynamic growth models for electroactive microorganisms. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120279. [PMID: 37451189 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on electroactive microorganisms (EAM) often focuses either on their physiology and the underlying mechanisms of extracellular electron transfer or on their application in microbial electrochemical technologies (MET). Thermodynamic understanding of energy conversions related to growth and activity of EAM has received only a little attention. In this study, we aimed to prove the hypothesized restricted energy harvest of EAM by determining biomass yields by monitoring growth of acetate-fed biofilms presumably enriched in Geobacter, using optical coherence tomography, at three anode potentials and four acetate concentrations. Experiments were concurrently simulated using a refined thermodynamic model for EAM. Neither clear correlations were observed between biomass yield and anode potential nor acetate concentration, albeit the statistical significances are limited, mainly due to the observed experimental variances. The experimental biomass yield based on acetate consumption (YX/ac = 37 ± 9 mgCODbiomass gCODac-1) was higher than estimated by modeling, indicating limitations of existing growth models to predict yields of EAM. In contrast, the modeled biomass yield based on catabolic energy harvest was higher than the biomass yield from experimental data (YX/cat = 25.9 ± 6.8 mgCODbiomass kJ-1), supporting restricted energy harvest of EAM and indicating a role of not considered energy sinks. This calls for an adjusted growth model for EAM, including, e.g., the microbial electrochemical Peltier heat to improve the understanding and modeling of their energy metabolism. Furthermore, the reported biomass yields are important parameters to design strategies for influencing the interactions between EAM and other microorganisms and allowing more realistic feasibility assessments of MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Korth
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - João Pereira
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Sleutels
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Annemiek Ter Heijne
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Marino F, Mazzotta M, Pascale MR, Derelitto C, Girolamini L, Cristino S. First water safety plan approach applied to a Dental Clinic complex: identification of new risk factors associated with Legionella and P. aeruginosa contamination, using a novel sampling, maintenance and management program. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2223477. [PMID: 37346998 PMCID: PMC10281406 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2223477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) represent a complex environment able to promote microbial contamination, due to functional, mechanical and practical risk factors. According to a water safety plan approach, the main goal is to preserve the health of dentists, dental staff and patients. The aim of this study is to develop a DUWLs water safety plan that is able to support correct and effective maintenance and disinfection procedures. Three different water systems serve 60 dental chairs: (i) water that comes directly from municipal water (Type A), (ii) water supplied by municipal water and water bottles (Type B) and (iii) water supplied only via water bottles (Type C). For each type, Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination was studied, by applying a new sampling scheme, based on separate sampling from water bottles, cup filler and handpieces. Type B DUWL is the only type of DUWL contaminated by L. pneumophila (ST 59) and L. anisa (mean contamination: 608.33 ± 253.33 cfu/L) detected in cup filler and handpieces, as well as the high presence of P. aeruginosa (44.42 ± 13.25 cfu/100 mL). Two subsequent shock treatments and resampling procedures were performed by increasing disinfectant dosage and contact time and removing some DUWL components linked to biofilm growth in DUWLs. A significant reduction of contamination was obtained for both microorganisms (Legionella spp.: -100%, p < 0.001 and P. aeruginosa: -99.86%, p = 0.006). The sampling strategy proposed allows us to identify the source of contamination and better focus on the maintenance and disinfection procedures. DUWLs represent an environment that requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining the knowledge of all DUWL components to correct procedures that are able to preserve the health of personnel and patients, as well as guaranteeing DUWLs' safe functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marino
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Mazzotta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Pascale
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Derelitto
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luna Girolamini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Cristino
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI), Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Andreu C, Del Olmo ML. Biotechnological applications of biofilms formed by osmotolerant and halotolerant yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12589-y. [PMID: 37233754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many microorganisms are capable of developing biofilms under adverse conditions usually related to nutrient limitation. They are complex structures in which cells (in many cases of different species) are embedded in the material that they secrete, the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The ECM has several functions including adhesion, cellular communication, nutrient distribution, and increased community resistance, this being the main drawback when these microorganisms are pathogenic. However, these structures have also proven useful in many biotechnological applications. Until now, the most interest shown in these regards has focused on bacterial biofilms, and the literature describing yeast biofilms is scarce, except for pathological strains. Oceans and other saline reservoirs are full of microorganisms adapted to extreme conditions, and the discovery and knowledge of their properties can be very interesting to explore new uses. Halotolerant and osmotolerant biofilm-forming yeasts have been employed for many years in the food and wine industry, with very few applications in other areas. The experience gained in bioremediation, food production and biocatalysis with bacterial biofilms can be inspiring to find new uses for halotolerant yeast biofilms. In this review, we focus on the biofilms formed by halotolerant and osmotolerant yeasts such as those belonging to Candida, Saccharomyces flor yeasts, Schwannyomyces or Debaryomyces, and their actual or potential biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • Biofilm formation by halotolerant and osmotolerant yeasts is reviewed. • Yeasts biofilms have been widely used in food and wine production. • The use of bacterial biofilms in bioremediation can be expanded to halotolerant yeast counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Andreu
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés S/N, 46100, València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marcel Lí Del Olmo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, València, Burjassot, Spain.
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17
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Çinar Avar E, Türkmen KE, Erdal E, Loğoğlu E, Katircioğlu H. Biological Activities and Biocompatibility Properties of Eu(OH) 3 and Tb(OH) 3 Nanorods: Evaluation for Wound Healing Applications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2058-2070. [PMID: 35501662 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth elements have shown promising results in both bio-imaging and therapy applications due to their superior magnetic, catalytic, and optical properties. In recent years, since lanthanide-based nanomaterials have effective results in wound healing, it has become necessary to investigate the different properties of these nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and biocompability of Eu(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 nanorods, which have a high potential by triggering angiogenesis and providing ROS activity, especially in wound healing. For this purpose, nanorods were obtained by the microwave-assisted synthesis method. Structural characterizations of Eu(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 nanorods were performed by FT-IR, XRD, and TG-DTA methods, and morphological characterizations were performed by SEM-EDX. Microorganisms that are likely to be present in the wound environment were selected for the antimicrobial activities of the nanorods. The highest efficiency of nanorods with the disc diffusion method was shown against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853 and Candida albicans ATCC 10,231 microorganisms. One of the problems frequently encountered in an infected wound environment is the formation of bacterial biofilm. Eu(OH)3 nanorods inhibited 77.5 ± 0.43% and Tb(OH)3 nanorods 76.16 ± 0.60% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853 biofilms. These results show promise for the development of biomaterials with superior properties by adding these nanorods to wound dressings that will be developed especially for wounds with microbial infection. Eu(OH)3 nanorods are more toxic than Tb(OH)3 nanorods on NCTC L929 cells. At concentrations of 500 µg/ml and above, both nanorods are toxic to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Çinar Avar
- Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Erkan Türkmen
- Department of Biology, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ebru Erdal
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Loğoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Surface-layer protein is a public-good matrix exopolymer for microbial community organisation in environmental anammox biofilms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:803-812. [PMID: 36871068 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are core biofilm components, yet how they mediate interactions within and contribute to the structuring of biofilms is largely unknown, particularly for non-culturable microbial communities that predominate in environmental habitats. To address this knowledge gap, we explored the role of EPS in an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm. An extracellular glycoprotein, BROSI_A1236, from an anammox bacterium, formed envelopes around the anammox cells, supporting its identification as a surface (S-) layer protein. However, the S-layer protein also appeared at the edge of the biofilm, in close proximity to the polysaccharide-coated filamentous Chloroflexi bacteria but distal to the anammox bacterial cells. The Chloroflexi bacteria assembled into a cross-linked network at the edge of the granules and surrounding anammox cell clusters, with the S-layer protein occupying the space around the Chloroflexi. The anammox S-layer protein was also abundant at junctions between Chloroflexi cells. Thus, the S-layer protein is likely transported through the matrix as an EPS and also acts as an adhesive to facilitate the assembly of filamentous Chloroflexi into a three-dimensional biofilm lattice. The spatial distribution of the S-layer protein within the mixed species biofilm suggests that it is a "public-good" EPS, which facilitates the assembly of other bacteria into a framework for the benefit of the biofilm community, and enables key syntrophic relationships, including anammox.
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19
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Rezende Mires de Carvalho R, Silva Dias C, Nogueira Paz L, Melo de Lima Fires T, Pereira Figueira C, Araújo Damasceno K, Hanzen Pinna M. Biofilm formation in vitro by Leptospira interrogans strains isolated from naturally infected dogs and their role in antimicrobial resistance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13802. [PMID: 36873470 PMCID: PMC9976318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans is a biofilm-forming pathogen, however, there are few data involving Brazilian strains isolated from dogs and their antimicrobial sensitivity in planktonic and biofilm forms. The potential for biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in naturally infected dogs is a fundamental approach towards disease epidemiology and the establishment of consistent prophylaxis and control measures. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro biofilm formation of a reference strain (L. interrogans, sv. Copenhageni L1 130 - L20) and of L. interrogans isolated from dogs (C20, C29, C51, C82), with subsequent evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility in planktonic and biofilm forms. The semi quantification of biofilm production revealed a dynamic process of development over time, with mature biofilm formation early on the seventh day of incubation. All strains were efficient for in vitro biofilm formation and, in this form, they were considerably more resistant compared to their planktonic form, with MIC90 of 1600 μg/mL for amoxicillin, 800 μg/mL for ampicillin, and >1600 μg/mL for doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. The strains studies were isolated on naturally infected dogs that might act as reservoirs and sentinels for human infections. The potential to antimicrobial resistance together with the close relation between dogs and humans indicates the need for greater actions on disease control and surveillance. Moreover, biofilm formation may contribute to the persistence of Leptospira interrogans in the host and these animals can act as chronic carriers, disseminating the agent in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rezende Mires de Carvalho
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in Tropics - Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carla Silva Dias
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in Tropics - Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nogueira Paz
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in Tropics - Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thainá Melo de Lima Fires
- Postgraduate Program in Clinic and Surgery of Domestic Carnivores - Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Araújo Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Melissa Hanzen Pinna
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in Tropics - Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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20
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Hou X, Wang J, Mei Y, Ge L, Qian J, Huang Y, Yang M, Li H, Wang Y, Yan Z, Peng D, Zhang J, Zhao N. Antibiofilm mechanism of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma against Pichia manshurica. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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21
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Sánchez-Lozano I, Muñoz-Cruz LC, Hellio C, Band-Schmidt CJ, Cruz-Narváez Y, Becerra-Martínez E, Hernández-Guerrero CJ. Metabolomic Insights of Biosurfactant Activity from Bacillus niabensis against Planktonic Cells and Biofilm of Pseudomonas stutzeri Involved in Marine Biofouling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044249. [PMID: 36835662 PMCID: PMC9965525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine environments, biofilm can cause negative impacts, including the biofouling process. In the search for new non-toxic formulations that inhibit biofilm, biosurfactants (BS) produced by the genus Bacillus have demonstrated considerable potential. To elucidate the changes that BS from B. niabensis promote in growth inhibition and biofilm formation, this research performed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic profile analysis to compare the metabolic differences between planktonic cells and biofilms of Pseudomonas stutzeri, a pioneer fouling bacteria. The multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between groups with a higher concentration of metabolites in the biofilm than in planktonic cells of P. stutzeri. When planktonic and biofilm stages were treated with BS, some differences were found among them. In planktonic cells, the addition of BS had a minor effect on growth inhibition, but at a metabolic level, NADP+, trehalose, acetone, glucose, and betaine were up-regulated in response to osmotic stress. When the biofilm was treated with the BS, a clear inhibition was observed and metabolites such as glucose, acetic acid, histidine, lactic acid, phenylalanine, uracil, and NADP+ were also up-regulated, while trehalose and histamine were down-regulated in response to the antibacterial effect of the BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Sánchez-Lozano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Luz Clarita Muñoz-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Claire Hellio
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Univ. Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine J. Band-Schmidt
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado de Operaciones Unitarias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ESIQIE-UPALM, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Edificio 7, 1.er Piso, Sección A, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Elvia Becerra-Martínez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.B.-M.); (C.J.H.-G.)
| | - Claudia J. Hernández-Guerrero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.B.-M.); (C.J.H.-G.)
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22
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Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) with Biofilm-Forming Ability: A Multifaceted Agent for Sustainable Agriculture. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant growth, as well as protect plants from several biotic and abiotic stresses through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, the exploitation of PGPB in agriculture is feasible as it offers sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to maintaining soil health while increasing crop productivity. The vital key of PGPB application in agriculture is its effectiveness in colonizing plant roots and the phyllosphere, and in developing a protective umbrella through the formation of microcolonies and biofilms. Biofilms offer several benefits to PGPB, such as enhancing resistance to adverse environmental conditions, protecting against pathogens, improving the acquisition of nutrients released in the plant environment, and facilitating beneficial bacteria–plant interactions. Therefore, bacterial biofilms can successfully compete with other microorganisms found on plant surfaces. In addition, plant-associated PGPB biofilms are capable of protecting colonization sites, cycling nutrients, enhancing pathogen defenses, and increasing tolerance to abiotic stresses, thereby increasing agricultural productivity and crop yields. This review highlights the role of biofilms in bacterial colonization of plant surfaces and the strategies used by biofilm-forming PGPB. Moreover, the factors influencing PGPB biofilm formation at plant root and shoot interfaces are critically discussed. This will pave the role of PGPB biofilms in developing bacterial formulations and addressing the challenges related to their efficacy and competence in agriculture for sustainability.
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23
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Wang Z, Li D, Shi Y, Sun Y, Okeke SI, Yang L, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Xiao L. Recent Implementations of Hydrogel-Based Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) in Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:641. [PMID: 36679438 PMCID: PMC9866333 DOI: 10.3390/s23020641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials have been used extensively in microbial electrochemical technology (MET) and sensor development due to their high biocompatibility and low toxicity. With an increasing demand for sensors across different sectors, it is crucial to understand the current state within the sectors of hydrogel METs and sensors. Surprisingly, a systematic review examining the application of hydrogel-based METs to sensor technologies has not yet been conducted. This review aimed to identify the current research progress surrounding the incorporation of hydrogels within METs and sensors development, with a specific focus on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The manufacturing process/cost, operational performance, analysis accuracy and stability of typical hydrogel materials in METs and sensors were summarised and analysed. The current challenges facing the technology as well as potential direction for future research were also discussed. This review will substantially promote the understanding of hydrogel materials used in METs and benefit the development of electrochemical biosensors using hydrogel-based METs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena Wang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dunzhu Li
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yunhong Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saviour I. Okeke
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yanqi Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- TrinityHaus, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Foamed glass ceramics-an upcycled scaffold for microbial biofilm development. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:225-233. [PMID: 36504269 PMCID: PMC9868040 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glass, a near infinitely recyclable material, can be upcycled to create new products such as foamed glass ceramics, which are essentially a synthetic pumice-like material. This material has been demonstrated to sustain preserved biofilms which have application in various fields based on the deployability of the product and the preserved microbes. Foamed glass ceramics have increased surface area compared to typical soda-lime glass cullet. This material has been explored for variety of applications including the growth, storage and transport of biofilms and microbial colonies which can be preserved and deployed later. Here, we demonstrate the ability for microbial cultures including BioTiger™, Escherichia coli K-12, Bacillus thuringiensis, and two environmental eukaryotic cells to colonize the upcycled glass products, undergo preservation, and regrow after 84 days of storage. The growth of preserved samples is correlated to the time spent incubating prior to preservation. These results demonstrate the applicability of this novel glass-biofilm combination in which various preserved microorganisms are able to be rapidly grown after storage on an upcycled glass product.
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25
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Wong LL, Mugunthan S, Kundukad B, Ho JCS, Rice SA, Hinks J, Seviour T, Parikh AN, Kjelleberg S. Microbial biofilms are shaped by the constant dialogue between biological and physical forces in the extracellular matrix. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:199-208. [PMID: 36502515 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudarsan Mugunthan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Binu Kundukad
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chin Shing Ho
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Microbiomes for One Systems Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Ullah A, Mirani ZA, Binbin S, Wang F, Chan MWH, Aslam S, Yonghong L, Hassan N, Naveed M, Hussain S, Khatoon Z. An Elucidative Study of the Anti-biofilm Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) on Selected Biofilm Producing Pathogenic Bacteria: A Disintegrating Effect of SeNPs on Bacteria. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Silver Nanoparticles Loaded on Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Grafted with Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010125. [PMID: 36616475 PMCID: PMC9824822 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used polymeric materials in different sectors such as medicine, engineering, and food, among others, due to its benefits, including biocompatibility, mechanical resistance, and tolerance to chemicals and/or abrasion. However, despite all these excellent characteristics, it is not capable of preventing the proliferation of microorganisms on its surface. Therefore, providing this property to PET remains a difficult challenge. Fortunately, different strategies can be applied to remove microorganisms from the PET surface. In this work, the surface of the PET film was functionalized with amino groups and later with a dicarboxylic acid, allowing a grafting reaction with chitosan chains. Finally, the chitosan coating was loaded with silver nanoparticles with an average size of 130 ± 37 nm, presenting these materials with an average cell viability of 80%. The characterization of these new PET-based materials showed considerable changes in surface morphology as well as increased surface hydrophilicity without significantly affecting their mechanical properties. In general, the implemented method can open an alternative pathway to design new PET-based materials due to its good cell viability with possible bacteriostatic activity due to the biocidal properties of silver nanoparticles and chitosan.
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28
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Hemmati S, Rasekhi Kazerooni H. Polypharmacological Cell-Penetrating Peptides from Venomous Marine Animals Based on Immunomodulating, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120763. [PMID: 36547910 PMCID: PMC9787916 DOI: 10.3390/md20120763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex pathological diseases, such as cancer, infection, and Alzheimer's, need to be targeted by multipronged curative. Various omics technologies, with a high rate of data generation, demand artificial intelligence to translate these data into druggable targets. In this study, 82 marine venomous animal species were retrieved, and 3505 cryptic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were identified in their toxins. A total of 279 safe peptides were further analyzed for antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory characteristics. Protease-resistant CPPs with endosomal-escape ability in Hydrophis hardwickii, nuclear-localizing peptides in Scorpaena plumieri, and mitochondrial-targeting peptides from Synanceia horrida were suitable for compartmental drug delivery. A broad-spectrum S. horrida-derived antimicrobial peptide with a high binding-affinity to bacterial membranes was an antigen-presenting cell (APC) stimulator that primes cytokine release and naïve T-cell maturation simultaneously. While antibiofilm and wound-healing peptides were detected in Synanceia verrucosa, APC epitopes as universal adjuvants for antiviral vaccination were in Pterois volitans and Conus monile. Conus pennaceus-derived anticancer peptides showed antiangiogenic and IL-2-inducing properties with moderate BBB-permeation and were defined to be a tumor-homing peptide (THP) with the ability to inhibit programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1). Isoforms of RGD-containing peptides with innate antiangiogenic characteristics were in Conus tessulatus for tumor targeting. Inhibitors of neuropilin-1 in C. pennaceus are proposed for imaging probes or therapeutic delivery. A Conus betulinus cryptic peptide, with BBB-permeation, mitochondrial-targeting, and antioxidant capacity, was a stimulator of anti-inflammatory cytokines and non-inducer of proinflammation proposed for Alzheimer's. Conclusively, we have considered the dynamic interaction of cells, their microenvironment, and proportional-orchestrating-host- immune pathways by multi-target-directed CPPs resembling single-molecule polypharmacology. This strategy might fill the therapeutic gap in complex resistant disorders and increase the candidates' clinical-translation chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-7132-424-128
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29
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Kasthuri T, Barath S, Nandhakumar M, Karutha Pandian S. Proteomic profiling spotlights the molecular targets and the impact of the natural antivirulent umbelliferone on stress response, virulence factors, and the quorum sensing network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:998540. [PMID: 36530435 PMCID: PMC9748083 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.998540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa easily adapts to newer environments and acquires several genome flexibilities to overcome the effect of antibiotics during therapeutics, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. During adaptation to the host system, the bacteria employ various tactics including virulence factor production and biofilm formation to escape from the host immune system and resist antibiotics. Hence, identifying alternative strategies to combat recalcitrant pathogens is imperative for the successful elimination of drug-resistant microbes. In this context, this study portrays the anti-virulence efficacy of umbelliferone (UMB) against P. aeruginosa. UMB (7-hydroxy coumarin) is pervasively found among the plant family of Umbelliferae and Asteraceae. The UMB impeded biofilm formation in the P. aeruginosa reference strain and clinical isolates on polystyrene and glass surfaces at the concentration of 125 µg/ml. Global proteomic analysis of UMB-treated cells revealed the downregulation of major virulence-associated proteins such as RhlR, LasA, AlgL, FliD, Tpx, HtpG, KatA, FusA1, Tsf, PhzM, PhzB2, CarB, DctP, MtnA, and MscL. A functional interaction study, gene ontology, and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that UMB could modulate the global regulators, enzymes, co-factors, and transcription factors related to quorum sensing (QS), stress tolerance, siderophore production, motility, and microcolony formation. In vitro biochemical assays further affirmed the anti-virulence efficacy of UMB by reducing pyocyanin, protease, elastase, and catalase production in various strains of P. aeruginosa. Besides the antibiofilm activity, UMB-treated cells exhibited enhanced antibiotic susceptibility to various antibiotics including amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis revealed the biocompatibility of UMB, and the IC50 value was determined to be 249.85 µg/ml on the HepG2 cell line. Altogether, the study substantiates the anti-virulence efficacy of UMB against P. aeruginosa, and the proteomic analysis reveals the differential expression of the regulators related to QS, stress response, and motility factors.
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30
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An Overview of the Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Microbial Communities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121700. [PMID: 36551357 PMCID: PMC9774725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are present as pollutants in several ecosystems worldwide. Despite the reduced concentrations at which they are detected, their negative impact on natural biota constitutes a global concern. The consequences of pharmaceuticals' presence in water sources and food have been evaluated with a higher detail for human health. However, although most of the pharmaceuticals detected in the environment had not been designed to act against microorganisms, it is of utmost importance to understand their impact on the environmental native microbiota. Microbial communities can suffer serious consequences from the presence of pharmaceuticals as pollutants in the environment, which may directly impact public health and ecosystem equilibrium. Among this class of pollutants, the ones that have been studied in more detail are antibiotics. This work aims to provide an overview of the impacts of different pharmaceuticals on environmental biofilms, more specifically in biofilms from aquatic ecosystems and engineered water systems. The alterations caused in the biofilm function and characteristics, as well as bacteria antimicrobial tolerance and consequently the associated risks for public health, are also reviewed. Despite the information already available on this topic, the need for additional data urges the assessment of emerging pollutants on microbial communities and the potential public health impacts.
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31
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Holden ER, Yasir M, Turner AK, Charles IG, Webber MA. Comparison of the genetic basis of biofilm formation between Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000885. [PMID: 36326671 PMCID: PMC9836088 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most bacteria can form biofilms, which typically have a life cycle from cells initially attaching to a surface before aggregation and growth produces biomass and an extracellular matrix before finally cells disperse. To maximize fitness at each stage of this life cycle and given the different events taking place within a biofilm, temporal regulation of gene expression is essential. We recently described the genes required for optimal fitness over time during biofilm formation in Escherichia coli using a massively parallel transposon mutagenesis approach called TraDIS-Xpress. We have now repeated this study in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to determine the similarities and differences in biofilm formation through time between these species. A core set of pathways involved in biofilm formation in both species included matrix production, nucleotide biosynthesis, flagella assembly and LPS biosynthesis. We also identified several differences between the species, including a divergent impact of the antitoxin TomB on biofilm formation in each species. We observed deletion of tomB to be detrimental throughout the development of the E. coli biofilms but increased biofilm biomass in S. Typhimurium. We also found a more pronounced role for genes involved in respiration, specifically the electron transport chain, on the fitness of mature biofilms in S. Typhimurium than in E. coli and this was linked to matrix production. This work deepens understanding of the core requirements for biofilm formation in the Enterobacteriaceae whilst also identifying some genes with specialised roles in biofilm formation in each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Holden
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - A. Keith Turner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Ian G. Charles
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mark A. Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK,*Correspondence: Mark A. Webber,
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32
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Jakovljević V, Grujić S, Simić Z, Ostojić A, Radojević I. Finding the best combination of autochthonous microorganisms with the most effective biosorption ability for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017372. [PMID: 36267171 PMCID: PMC9577556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment represents a serious environmental problem. In this regard, this work was conceived with the aim of finding, among indigenous microorganisms, the species and their combinations with the best biosorption activity for the following HMs: zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel. The experiment was carried out in several steps: (1) isolation and identification of microbial strains from the Central Effluent Treatment Plant’s wastewater; (2) studying the interaction of microorganisms and the ability to form biofilms in 96-well plates; (3) testing the resistance of biofilms to HMs; (4) testing the growth of biofilms on AMB media carriers in the presence of HMS; and (5) biosorption assay. The selected strains used in this study were: Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia odorifera, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The best biofilm producers in control medium were K. oxytoca/S. odorifera (KS), followed by K. oxytoca/S. odorifera/S. cerevisiae (KSC), and E. cloacae/K. oxytoca/S. odorifera (EKS) after 10 days of incubation. Mixed cultures composed of three species showed the highest resistance to the presence of all tested metals. The best biosorption capacity was shown by KSC for Cu2+ (99.18%), followed by EKS for Pb2+ (99.14%) and Cd2+ (99.03%), K. oxytoca for Ni2+ (98.47%), and E. cloacae for Zn2+ (98.06%). This research offers a novel approach to using mixed biofilms for heavy metal removal processes as well as its potential application in the bioremediation of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Jakovljević
- Department of Natural-Mathematic Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Sandra Grujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Simić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ostojić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Radojević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Ivana Radojević,
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33
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Adoni P, Romanyuk A, Overton TW, Fernandez-Trillo P. Polymer-induced biofilms for enhanced biocatalysis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2592-2602. [PMID: 35912866 PMCID: PMC9528183 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic resilience of biofilms to environmental conditions makes them an attractive platform for biocatalysis, bioremediation, agriculture or consumer health. However, one of the main challenges in these areas is that beneficial bacteria are not necessarily good at biofilm formation. Currently, this problem is solved by genetic engineering or experimental evolution, techniques that can be costly and time consuming, require expertise in molecular biology and/or microbiology and, more importantly, are not suitable for all types of microorganisms or applications. Here we show that synthetic polymers can be used as an alternative, working as simple additives to nucleate the formation of biofilms. Using a combination of controlled radical polymerization and dynamic covalent chemistry, we prepare a set of synthetic polymers carrying mildly cationic, aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic moieties. We then demonstrate that hydrophobic polymers induce clustering and promote biofilm formation in MC4100, a strain of Escherichia coli that forms biofilms poorly, with aromatic and heteroaromatic moieties leading to the best performing polymers. Moreover, we compare the effect of the polymers on MC4100 against PHL644, an E. coli strain that forms biofilms well due to a single point mutation which increases expression of the adhesin curli. In the presence of selected polymers, MC4100 can reach levels of biomass production and curli expression similar or higher than PHL644, demonstrating that synthetic polymers promote similar changes in microbial physiology than those introduced following genetic modification. Finally, we demonstrate that these polymers can be used to improve the performance of MC4100 biofilms in the biocatalytic transformation of 5-fluoroindole into 5-fluorotryptophan. Our results show that incubation with these synthetic polymers helps MC4100 match and even outperform PHL644 in this biotransformation, demonstrating that synthetic polymers can underpin the development of beneficial applications of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Adoni
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrey Romanyuk
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tim W Overton
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paco Fernandez-Trillo
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Antibiofilm Efficacy of Quercetin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Biofilm on Food-Contact Surfaces in the Food Industry. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101902. [PMID: 36296179 PMCID: PMC9610505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the most common foodborne pathogenic bacteria that forms biofilms, is a persistent source of concern for the food industry. The food production chain employs a variety of methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of quercetin as a food additive in reducing V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation on stainless-steel coupons (SS) and hand gloves (HG) as well as testing its antimicrobial activities. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 220 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action without visible growth. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin at sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against V. parahaemolyticus was examined. Control group was not added with quercetin. With increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of target genes linked to flagellar motility (flaA, flgL), biofilm formation (vp0952, vp0962), virulence (VopQ, vp0450), and quorum-sensing (aphA, luxS) were all dramatically suppressed. Quercetin (0−110 μg/mL) was investigated on SS and HG surfaces, the inhibitory effect were 0.10−2.17 and 0.26−2.31 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) corroborated the findings because quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and inducing cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the treated and control groups in terms of motility (swimming and swarming). According to our research, quercetin produced from plants should be employed as an antibiofilm agent in the food sector to prevent the growth of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms. These results indicate that throughout the entire food production chain, bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction with alternative natural food agents in the seafood industry.
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35
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Perpetuini G, Tittarelli F, Perla C, Tofalo R. Influence of Different Aggregation States on Volatile Organic Compounds Released by Dairy Kluyveromyces marxianus Strains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182910. [PMID: 36141037 PMCID: PMC9498923 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kluyveromyces marxianus has the ability to contribute to the aroma profile of foods and beverages since it is able to produce several volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, 8 dairy K. marxianus strains, previously selected for their adhesion properties, were tested for VOCs production when grown in different conditions: planktonic, biofilm-detached, and MATS forming-cells. It was shown that biofilm-detached cells were mainly able to produce higher alcohols (64.57 mg/L), while esters were mainly produced by planktonic and MATS forming-cells (117.86 and 94.90 mg/L, respectively). Moreover, K. marxianus biofilm-detached cells were able to produce VOCs with flavor and odor impacts, such as ketons, phenols, and terpenes, which were not produced by planktonic cells. In addition, specific unique compounds were associated to the different conditions tested. Biofilm-detached cells were characterized by the production of 9 unique compounds, while planktonic and MATS forming-cells by 7 and 12, respectively. The obtained results should be exploited to modulate the volatilome of foods and beverages and improve the production of certain compounds at the industrial level. Further studies will be carried out to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the metabolic pathways activated under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Tittarelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carlo Perla
- Dalton Biotecnologie s.r.l., 65010 Spoltore, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861266943
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Quercetin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Biofilm on Food Surfaces and Downregulation of Virulence Genes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183847. [PMID: 36145988 PMCID: PMC9505375 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For the seafood industry, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the most prevalent food-borne pathogenic bacteria that forms biofilms, is a constant cause of concern. There are numerous techniques used throughout the food supply chain to manage biofilms, but none are entirely effective. Through assessing its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, quercetin will be evaluated for its ability to prevent the growth of V. parahaemolyticus biofilm on shrimp and crab shell surfaces. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 220 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action without visible growth of bacteria. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin without (control) and with sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against V. parahaemolyticus was examined. With increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of related genes linked to flagella motility (flaA and flgL), biofilm formation (vp0952 and vp0962), and quorum-sensing (luxS and aphA) were all dramatically reduced (p < 0.05). Quercetin (0−110 μg/mL) was investigated on shrimp and crab shell surfaces, the inhibitory effects were 0.68−3.70 and 0.74−3.09 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). The findings were verified using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and induced cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Furthermore, there was a substantial difference in motility between the treatment and control groups (swimming and swarming). According to our findings, plant-derived quercetin should be used as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry to inhibit the establishment of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms. These findings suggest that bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction with alternative natural food agents in the seafood sector along the entire food production chain.
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Sadat A, Ramadan H, Elkady MA, Hammad AM, Soliman MM, Aboelenin SM, Al-Harthi HF, Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Awad A. Phylotypic Profiling, Distribution of Pathogenicity Island Markers, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091197. [PMID: 36139976 PMCID: PMC9495032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E.coli) found in retail chicken meat could be causing a wide range of infections in humans and constitute a potential risk. This study aimed to evaluate 60 E. coli isolates from retail chicken meat (n = 34) and human urinary tract infections (UTIs, n = 26) for phylogenetic diversity, presence of pathogenicity island (PAI) markers, antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, and antimicrobial resistance genes, and to evaluate their biofilm formation capacity. In that context, confirmed E.coli isolates were subjected to phylogrouping analysis using triplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method; PAI distribution was investigated by using two multiplex PCRs. Most of the chicken isolates (22/34, 64.7%) were identified as commensal E. coli (A and B1), while 12 isolates (35.3%) were classified as pathogenic virulent E. coli (B2 and D). Similarly, the commensal group dominated in human isolates. Overall, 23 PAIs were detected in the chicken isolates; among them, 39.1% (9/23) were assigned to group B1, 34.8% (8/23) to group A, 4.34% (1/23) to group B2, and 21.7% (5/23) to group D. However, 25 PAIs were identified from the human isolates. PAI IV536 was the most prevalent (55.9%, 69.2%) PAI detected in both sources. In total, 37 (61.7%) isolates of the chicken and human isolates were biofilm producers. Noticeably, 100% of E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin and rifamycin. Markedly, all E. coli isolates displayed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) phenotypes, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) among E. coli isolates ranged between 0.5 and 1. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by a PCR assay; the sul2 gene was the most prevalent (38/60, 63.3%) from both sources. Interestingly, a significant positive association (r = 0.31) between biofilm production and resistance to quinolones by the qnr gene was found by the correlation analysis. These findings were suggestive of the transmission of PAI markers and antibiotic resistance genes from poultry to humans or humans to humans through the food chain. To avoid the spread of virulent and multidrug-resistant E. coli, intensive surveillance of retail chicken meat markets is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Elkady
- Mansoura Veterinary Laboratory Branch, Microbiology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Damietta, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salama M. Aboelenin
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helal F. Al-Harthi
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-0102-127-6993
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Maksimova Y, Bykova Y, Maksimov A. Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Changes Their Antibiofilm and Probiofilm Effects on Environmental Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081627. [PMID: 36014045 PMCID: PMC9412586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Releasing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into ecosystems affects the biofilm formation and metabolic activity of bacteria in aquatic and soil environments. Pristine (pMWCNTs), oleophilic (oMWCNTs), hydrophilic (hMWCNTs), and carboxylated (cMWCNTs) carbon nanotubes were used to investigate their effects on bacterial biofilm. A pronounced probiofilm effect of modified MWCNTs was observed on the Gram-negative bacteria of Pseudomonas fluorescens C2, Acinetobacter guillouiae 11 h, and Alcaligenes faecalis 2. None of the studied nanomaterials resulted in the complete inhibition of biofilm formation. The complete eradication of biofilms exposed to MWCNTs was not observed. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes was shown to change their probiofilm and antibiofilm effects. Gram-negative bacteria were the most susceptible to destruction, and among the modified MWCNTs, oMWCNTs had the greatest effect on biofilm destruction. The number of living cells in the biofilms was assessed by the reduction of XTT, and metabolic activity was assessed by the reduction of resazurin to fluorescent resorufin. The biofilms formed in the presence of MWCNTs reduced tetrozolium to formazan more actively than the control biofilms. When mature biofilms were exposed to MWCNTs, dehydrogenase activity decreased in Rhodococcus erythropolis 4-1, A. guillouiae 11 h, and A. faecalis 2 in the presence of pMWCNTs and hMWCNTs, as well as in A. guillouiae 11 h exposed to cMWCNTs. When mature biofilms were exposed to pMWCNTs, hMWCNTs, and cMWCNTs, the metabolism of cells decreased in most strains, and oMWCNTs did not have a pronounced inhibitory effect. The antibiofilm and probiofilm effects of MWCNTs were strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Maksimova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm 614081, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yana Bykova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Maksimov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm 614081, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russia
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Jakovljević VD, Radojević ID, Grujić SM, Ostojić AM. Response of selected microbial strains and their consortia to the presence of automobile paints: Biofilm growth, matrix protein content and hydrolytic enzyme activity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103347. [PMID: 35800142 PMCID: PMC9253408 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of pollutants (White color – CP; Metallic red color – FM; Thinner – CN; Thinner for rinsing paint – MF; Basic color (primer) – FH) originating from the automotive industry on the biofilm growth, matrix protein content, and activity of the hydrolytic enzymes of selected microbial strains in laboratory conditions that mimic the bioreactor conditions. The chosen microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, and fungi) were isolated from automotive industry wastewater. Pure microbe cultures and their consortia were injected into AMB Media carriers and developed into biofilms. The use of AMB media carriers has been linked to an increase in the active surface area colonized by microorganisms. Afterwards, the carriers were transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks with nutrient media and pollutants at a concentration of 200 μL/mL. The current study found that, depending on the microbial strain, development phase, and chemical structure, the assessed pollutants had an inhibitory or stimulatory influence on the growth of single cultures and their consortia. Statistical analysis found positive correlations between the protein content in the matrix and the biofilm biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and consortia in CP and FH media, respectively. The proteolytic activity of Candida utilis was very pronounced in media with MF and CN. The best alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was achieved in the CN medium of R. mucilaginosa. Acid invertase activity was the highest in the FM and CP media of Escherichia coli and consortia, respectively, whereas the highest alkaline invertase activity was measured in the MF medium of E. coli. A positive correlation was confirmed between ALP and the biofilm biomass of R. mucilaginosa in CP and CN media, as well as between ALP and the biofilm biomass of Penicillium expansum in FM medium. The findings provide novel insights into the extracellular hydrolytic activity of the investigated microbial strains in the presence of auto paints, as well as a good platform for subsequent research into comprehensive biofilm profiling using modern methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta D. Jakovljević
- Department for Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia.
| | - Ivana D. Radojević
- Institute for Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sandra M. Grujić
- Institute for Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar M. Ostojić
- Institute for Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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40
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41
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Deng Y, Wang SY. Sorption of Cellulases in Biofilm Enhances Cellulose Degradation by Bacillus subtilis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081505. [PMID: 35893563 PMCID: PMC9329931 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm commonly forms on the surfaces of cellulosic biomass but its roles in cellulose degradation remain largely unexplored. We used Bacillus subtilis to study possible mechanisms and the contributions of two major biofilm components, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and TasA protein, to submerged biofilm formation on cellulose and its degradation. We found that biofilm produced by B. subtilis is able to absorb exogenous cellulase added to the culture medium and also retain self-produced cellulase within the biofilm matrix. The bacteria that produced more biofilm degraded more cellulose compared to strains that produced less biofilm. Knockout strains that lacked both EPS and TasA formed a smaller amount of submerged biofilm on cellulose than the wild-type strain and also degraded less cellulose. Imaging of biofilm on cellulose suggests that bacteria, cellulose, and cellulases form cellulolytic biofilm complexes that facilitate synergistic cellulose degradation. This study brings additional insight into the important functions of biofilm in cellulose degradation and could potentiate the development of biofilm-based technology to enhance biomass degradation for biofuel production.
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42
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Special Issue: Biofilm Composition and Applications. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms can be formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, including on living tissues, indwelling medical devices, industrial or portable water system piping, and natural aquatic systems [...]
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Abstract
Complex interactions between microbial populations can greatly affect the overall properties of a microbial community, sometimes leading to cooperation and mutually beneficial coexistence, or competition and the death or displacement of organisms or subpopulations. Interactions between different biofilm populations are highly relevant in diverse scientific areas, from antimicrobial resistance to microbial ecology. The utilization of modern microscopic techniques has provided a new and interesting insight into how bacteria interact at the cellular level to form and maintain microbial biofilms. However, our ability to follow complex intraspecies and interspecies interactions in vivo at the microscopic level has remained somewhat limited. Here, we detailed BacLive, a novel noninvasive method for tracking bacterial growth and biofilm dynamics using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy and an associated ImageJ processing macro (https://github.com/BacLive) for easier data handling and image analysis. Finally, we provided examples of how BacLive can be used in the analysis of complex bacterial communities. IMPORTANCE Communication and interactions between single cells are continuously defining the structure and composition of microbial communities temporally and spatially. Methods routinely used to study these communities at the cellular level rely on sample manipulation which makes microscopic time-lapse experiments impossible. BacLive was conceived as a method for the noninvasive study of the formation and development of bacterial communities, such as biofilms, and the formation dynamics of specialized subpopulations in time-lapse experiments at a colony level. In addition, we developed a tool to simplify the processing and analysis of the data generated by this method.
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44
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Li X, Liu D. Effects of wheat bran co-fermentation on the quality and bacterial community succession during radish fermentation. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Archaeal bundling pili of Pyrobaculum calidifontis reveal similarities between archaeal and bacterial biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207037119. [PMID: 35727984 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207037119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While biofilms formed by bacteria have received great attention due to their importance in pathogenesis, much less research has been focused on the biofilms formed by archaea. It has been known that extracellular filaments in archaea, such as type IV pili, hami, and cannulae, play a part in the formation of archaeal biofilms. We have used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the atomic structure of a previously uncharacterized class of archaeal surface filaments from hyperthermophilic Pyrobaculum calidifontis. These filaments, which we call archaeal bundling pili (ABP), assemble into highly ordered bipolar bundles. The bipolar nature of these bundles most likely arises from the association of filaments from at least two different cells. The component protein, AbpA, shows homology, both at the sequence and structural level, to the bacterial protein TasA, a major component of the extracellular matrix in bacterial biofilms, contributing to biofilm stability. We show that AbpA forms very stable filaments in a manner similar to the donor-strand exchange of bacterial TasA fibers and chaperone-usher pathway pili where a β-strand from one subunit is incorporated into a β-sheet of the next subunit. Our results reveal likely mechanistic similarities and evolutionary connection between bacterial and archaeal biofilms, and suggest that there could be many other archaeal surface filaments that are as yet uncharacterized.
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46
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Deroy C, Wheeler JHR, Rumianek AN, Cook PR, Durham WM, Foster KR, Walsh EJ. Reconfigurable Microfluidic Circuits for Isolating and Retrieving Cells of Interest. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25209-25219. [PMID: 35604799 PMCID: PMC9185686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are widely used in many fields of biology, but a key limitation is that cells are typically surrounded by solid walls, making it hard to access those that exhibit a specific phenotype for further study. Here, we provide a general and flexible solution to this problem that exploits the remarkable properties of microfluidic circuits with fluid walls─transparent interfaces between culture media and an immiscible fluorocarbon that are easily pierced with pipets. We provide two proofs of concept in which specific cell subpopulations are isolated and recovered: (i) murine macrophages chemotaxing toward complement component 5a and (ii) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in developing biofilms that migrate toward antibiotics. We build circuits in minutes on standard Petri dishes, add cells, pump in laminar streams so molecular diffusion creates attractant gradients, acquire time-lapse images, and isolate desired subpopulations in real time by building fluid walls around migrating cells with an accuracy of tens of micrometers using 3D printed adaptors that convert conventional microscopes into wall-building machines. Our method allows live cells of interest to be easily extracted from microfluidic devices for downstream analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Deroy
- Department
of Engineering Science, Osney Thermo-Fluids Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 0ES, U.K.
| | - James H. R. Wheeler
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
- Department
of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Agata N. Rumianek
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
| | - Peter R. Cook
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
| | - William M. Durham
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
- Department
of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, U.K.
| | - Kevin R. Foster
- Department
of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Edmond J. Walsh
- Department
of Engineering Science, Osney Thermo-Fluids Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 0ES, U.K.
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Sadiq FA, Hansen MF, Burmølle M, Heyndrickx M, Flint S, Lu W, Chen W, Zhang H. Towards understanding mechanisms and functional consequences of bacterial interactions with members of various kingdoms in complex biofilms that abound in nature. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6595875. [PMID: 35640890 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial world represents a phenomenal diversity of microorganisms from different kingdoms of life which occupy an impressive set of ecological niches. Most, if not all, microorganisms once colonise a surface develop architecturally complex surface-adhered communities which we refer to as biofilms. They are embedded in polymeric structural scaffolds serve as a dynamic milieu for intercellular communication through physical and chemical signalling. Deciphering microbial ecology of biofilms in various natural or engineered settings has revealed co-existence of microorganisms from all domains of life, including Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. The coexistence of these dynamic microbes is not arbitrary, as a highly coordinated architectural setup and physiological complexity show ecological interdependence and myriads of underlying interactions. In this review, we describe how species from different kingdoms interact in biofilms and discuss the functional consequences of such interactions. We highlight metabolic advances of collaboration among species from different kingdoms, and advocate that these interactions are of great importance and need to be addressed in future research. Since trans-kingdom biofilms impact diverse contexts, ranging from complicated infections to efficient growth of plants, future knowledge within this field will be beneficial for medical microbiology, biotechnology, and our general understanding of microbial life in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Mads Frederik Hansen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag, 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wenwei Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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48
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Assessing Microbial Monitoring Methods for Challenging Environmental Strains and Cultures. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the comparison of microbial biomass increase (cell culture growth) using field-relevant testing methods and moving away from colony counts. Challenges exist in exploring the antimicrobial growth of fastidious strains, poorly culturable bacteria and bacterial communities of environmental interest. Thus, various approaches have been explored to follow bacterial growth that can be efficient surrogates for classical optical density or colony-forming unit measurements. Here, six species grown in pure culture were monitored using optical density, ATP assays, DNA concentrations and 16S rRNA qPCR. Each of these methods have different advantages and disadvantages concerning the measurement of growth and activity in complex field samples. The species used as model systems for monitoring were: Acetobacterium woodii, Bacillus subtilis, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Geoalkalibacter subterraneus, Pseudomonas putida and Thauera aromatica. All four techniques were found to successfully measure and detect cell biomass/activity differences, though the shape and accuracy of each technique varied between species. DNA concentrations were found to correlate the best with the other three assays (ATP, DNA concentrations and 16S rRNA-targeted qPCR) and provide the advantages of rapid extraction, consistency between replicates and the potential for downstream analysis. DNA concentrations were determined to be the best universal monitoring method for complex environmental samples.
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49
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Lu J, Hu X, Ren L. Biofilm control strategies in food industry: Inhibition and utilization. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Li Y, Dong R, Ma L, Qian Y, Liu Z. Combined Anti-Biofilm Enzymes Strengthen the EradicateEffect of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Biofilm: Mechanism on cpsA-J Expression and Application on Different Carriers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091305. [PMID: 35564028 PMCID: PMC9100390 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human foodborne pathogen, and it can form a mature biofilm on food and food contact surfaces to enhance their resistance to antibacterial agents. In this study, the effect of anti-biofilm enzymes (combined lipase, cellulase and proteinase K) on the inhibition and eradication of pathogen biofilm was evaluated. The biofilm content of V. parahaemolyticus showed the highest level at the incubation time of 24 h, and the combined enzymes significantly inhibited the biofilm’s development. The biofilm’s inhibition and eradication rate at an incubation time of 24 h was 89.7% and 66.9%, respectively. The confocal laser scanning microscopic images confirmed that the microcolonies’ aggregation and the adhesion of biofilm were inhibited with the combined enzyme treatment. Furthermore, combined enzymes also decreased the concentration of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and disrupted the EPS matrix network, wherein the expression of the EPS-related gene, cpsA-J, was likewise suppressed. The combined enzymes showed an excellent inhibition effect of V. parahaemolyticus biofilm on different carriers, with the highest inhibition rate of 59.35% on nonrust steel plate. This study demonstrates that the combined enzyme of lipase, cellulase and proteinase K could be a novel candidate to overcome biofilm’s problem of foodborne pathogens in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruyue Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yilin Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zunying Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence:
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