1
|
Hu Z, Yuan L, Yang X, Yi C, Lu J. The roles of long non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer: from functions to therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1332528. [PMID: 38725621 PMCID: PMC11079149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1332528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are multifunctional and participate in a variety of biological processes and gene regulatory networks. The deregulation of lncRNAs has been extensively implicated in diverse human diseases, especially in cancers. Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs are essential to the pathophysiological processes of ovarian cancer (OC), acting as regulators involved in metastasis, cell death, chemoresistance, and tumor immunity. In this review, we illustrate the expanded functions of lncRNAs in the initiation and progression of OC and elaborate on the signaling pathways in which they pitch. Additionally, the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of OC were emphasized, cementing the bridge of communication between clinical practice and basic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lijin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangshi Puren Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Cunjian Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zi D, Li Q, Xu CX, Zhou ZW, Song GB, Hu CB, Wen F, Yang HL, Nie L, Zhao X, Tan J, Zhou SF, He ZX. CXCR4 knockdown enhances sensitivity of paclitaxel via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4673-4698. [PMID: 35681259 PMCID: PMC9217704 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. EOC control remains difficult, and EOC patients show poor prognosis regarding metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of CXCR4 knockdown-mediated reduction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stemness and enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity in EOC. Mechanisms contributing to these effects were also explored. Our data showed distinct contribution of CXCR4 overexpression by dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in EOC development. CXCR4 knockdown resulted in a reduction in CSCs and EMT formation and enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity in tumor cells, which was further advanced by blocking CXCR4-PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. This study also documented the critical role of silencing CXCR4 in sensitizing ovarian CSCs to chemotherapy. Thus, targeting CXCR4 to suppress EOC progression, specifically in combination with paclitaxel (PTX) treatment, may have clinical application value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong 40042, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cheng-xiong Xu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong 40042, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guan-Bin Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng-Bin Hu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song S, He X, Wang J, Wang R, Wang L, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Miao D, Xue Y. ELF3-AS1 contributes to gastric cancer progression by binding to hnRNPK and induces thrombocytosis in peripheral blood. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4553-4569. [PMID: 34418240 PMCID: PMC8586678 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that a variety of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of different tumor cells. However, different lncRNAs regulate cell functions in various forms, and the exact mechanisms are not clear. Here, we investigated the effect of the lncRNA ELF3-AS1 on gastric cancer (GC) cell function and explored the exact mechanism. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of ELF3-AS1 in GC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. Knockdown and overexpression of ELF3-AS1 was used to detect the effect of ELF3-AS1 on cell function. Potential downstream target genes were identified using RNA transcriptome sequencing, while RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were performed to explore the tumor promotion mechanisms of ELF3-AS1. We observed that ELF3-AS1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, and high ELF3-AS1 expression predicted poor prognosis. The knockdown of ELF3-AS1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that ELF3-AS1 may regulate the downstream target gene, C-C motif chemokine 20, by binding with the RNA-binding protein hnRNPK. Additionally, we found that high ELF3-AS1 expression was associated with thrombocytosis. Interleukin-6 and thrombopoietin may be involved in ELF3-AS1-induced paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. Together, our results demonstrate that aberrantly expressed ELF3-AS1 in GC may play important roles in oncogenesis and progression and is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Song
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineThe Research Center for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyThe Research Center for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for AgingFriendship Affiliated Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schwerdtfeger M, Desiderio V, Kobold S, Regad T, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer stem cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101134. [PMID: 34051619 PMCID: PMC8176362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Cancer stemness and escape from immunological anti-cancer mechanisms are important mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer agents and are pivotal in controlling cancer development and metastases. Long non coding RNAs have deep effects on the immune-modulation and on the control of cancer stem cells. Several pathways involved in immunological escape and cancer stemness are modulated by long non coding RNAs. Targeting long non coding RNAs is a potential new strategy to control tumor development and metastases.
In recent years, it has been evidenced that the human transcriptome includes several types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are mainly involved in the regulation of different cellular processes. Among ncRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as longer than 200 nucleotides and have been shown to be involved in several physiological and pathological events, including immune system regulation and cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a population of cancer cells that possess characteristics, such as resistance to standard treatments, cancer initiation, ability to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the ability to invade, spread, and generate metastases. The cancer microenvironment, together with genetic and epigenetic factors, is fundamental for CSC maintenance and tumor growth and progression. Unsurprisingly, lncRNAs have been involved in both CSC biology and cancer progression, prognosis and recurrence. Here we review the most recent literature on IncRNAs involvement in CSC biology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Regad
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Fang F, Ozes A, Nephew KP. Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells by Dual Inhibition of HOTAIR and DNA Methylation. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1092-1101. [PMID: 33785648 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a chemoresponsive tumor with very high initial response rates to standard therapy consisting of platinum/paclitaxel. However, most women eventually develop recurrence, which rapidly evolves into chemoresistant disease. Persistence of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) at the end of therapy has been shown to contribute to resistant tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR is overexpressed in HGSOC cell lines. Furthermore, HOTAIR expression was upregulated in OCSCs compared with non-CSC, ectopic overexpression of HOTAIR enriched the ALDH+ cell population and HOTAIR overexpression increased spheroid formation and colony-forming ability. Targeting HOTAIR using peptide nucleic acid-PNA3, which acts by disrupting the interaction between HOTAIR and EZH2, in combination with a DNMT inhibitor inhibited OCSC spheroid formation and decreased the percentage of ALDH+ cells. Disrupting HOTAIR-EZH2 with PNA3 in combination with the DNMTi on the ability of OCSCs to initiate tumors in vivo as xenografts was examined. HGSOC OVCAR3 cells were treated with PNA3 in vitro and then implanted in nude mice. Tumor growth, initiation, and stem cell frequency were inhibited. Collectively, these results demonstrate that blocking HOTAIR-EZH2 interaction combined with inhibiting DNA methylation is a potential approach to eradicate OCSCs and block disease recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weini Wang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Fang Fang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ali Ozes
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana. .,Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCabe EM, Rasmussen TP. lncRNA involvement in cancer stem cell function and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:38-48. [PMID: 33346133 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process in which cells composing epithelial tissue lose requirements for physical contact with neighboring cells and acquire mesenchymal characteristics consisting of increased migratory and invasive behaviors. EMT is a fundamental process that is required for initial and later events during embryogenesis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess multipotency sufficient for their differentiation into bulk tumor cells and also have the capacity to undergo EMT. When CSCs initiate EMT programs the resulting cancerous mesenchymal cells become invasive and this migratory behavior also poises them for metastatic activity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, yet regulate the expression of protein-coding genes through recruitment or sequestration of gene-regulatory proteins and microRNAs. lncRNA exhibit tissue-specific patterns of gene expression during development and specific sets of lncRNAs are also involved in various cancer types. This review considers the interplay between lncRNAs and the biogenesis of CSCs. We also review function of lncRNAs in EMT in CSCs. In addition, we discuss the utility of lncRNAs as biomarkers of cancer progression, and their potential use as therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M McCabe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore P Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA; University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Li X, Ren S, Su C, Li C, Li W, Yu J, Cheng N, Zhou C. HOTAIR induces EGFR-TKIs resistance in non-small cell lung cancer through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:99-105. [PMID: 32683208 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research found that HOTAIR, a long non-coding RNA, is aberrantly expressed and associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and chemo-resistance in many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HOTAIR in resistance of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. METHODS HOTAIR expression level was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in NSCLC cell lines or tumor tissues. A total of 62 samples with EGFR-mutant and EGFR-TKI-sensitive NSCLCs, 42 with acquired resistance and 27 with primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs were analyzed. The effect of HOTAIR on cell proliferation and apoptosis was undergone by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. The expression of EMT proteins was assessed by western blot. RESULTS HOTAIR was significantly down-regulated in lung cancer cells (PC9/R, H1975, H1299 and A549) and patients with primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. In clinical setting, high levels of HOTAIR expression was significantly correlated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) [P < 0.01] compared with low HOTAIR expression subgroup in tumors which respond to EGFR-TKIs. In vitro, over-expression HOTAIR could restore gefitinib sensitivity in gefitinib-resistant cells (PC9/R, H1299 and A549), but this change in sensitivity was not observed in H1975. Up-regulated HOTAIR induced cell apoptosis in PC9/R, H1299 and A549, and activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSIONS HOTAIR expression was associated with primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and could regulate cell proliferation through activating cell apoptosis and EMT, which suggest that HOTAIR might be able to act as a biomarker to predict the EGFR-TKIs resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Ningning Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, PR China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao D, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Zhang P, Yuan H, Liu L, Cheng J, Jiang H. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma through metastasis-associated gene 2. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:353-364. [PMID: 31995261 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancements, there has been little improvement in the survival status of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been shown to be dysregulated in several cancer types. However, the roles of HOTAIR in OSCC remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the association of HOTAIR expression with clinicopathological features in OSCC patients and the crucial roles of HOTAIR in the modulation of tumor progression. Our results showed that HOTAIR was highly expressed both in OSCC tissue samples and cell lines compared with corresponding normal oral mucosa tissues and human oral keratinocytes. Its overexpression was positively correlated with TNM (tumor-node-metastases) stage, histological grade, and regional lymph node metastasis. The knockdown of HOTAIR by short hairpin RNA significantly decreased the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of OSCC cells in vitro. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between HOTAIR and microRNA-326 expression in OSCC tissue samples and cell lines. Luciferase reporter and loss-of-function assays revealed that HOTAIR acted as a competitive endogenous RNA effectively sponging miR-326, thereby regulating the derepression of metastasis-associated gene 2 (MTA2). Finally, the expression and clinical significance of MTA2 were analyzed in another cohort of OSCC tissue samples. High MTA2 expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological features of advanced OSCC and poor prognosis for patients with OSCC. Collectively, HOTAIR overexpression promoted the progression of OSCC. The HOTAIR-miR-326-MTA2 axis may contribute to a better understanding of OSCC pathogenesis and be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Detao Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang X, Ye F, Jing Y, Wei L. Autophagy and Tumour Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1207:301-313. [PMID: 32671756 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for the survival and stemness maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is an enhancer of CSC tumorigenesis. At the same time, autophagy contributes to conditions optimal for facilitating the invasion and metastasis of CSCs. Moreover, autophagy induces the dormant state of CSCs to help them resist the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thereby improving the likelihood of their survival. The combination of autophagy inhibitors with specific drugs targeting specific CSC subpopulations is expected to act specifically on CSCs and produce fewer toxic side effects on normal tissues. This in-depth study is very timely and important for further identifying the potential role of autophagy in different states of CSCs and places a particular emphasis on exploring molecular mechanisms in the regulation of autophagy via advanced techniques based on molecular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang B, Xue M, Xu D, Song J, Zhu S. Down-regulated lncRNA HOTAIR alleviates polycystic ovaries syndrome in rats by reducing expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 via microRNA-130a. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:451-464. [PMID: 31733099 PMCID: PMC6933321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that long noncoding RNA HOTAIR, microRNA‐130a (miR‐130a) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression are associated with ovarian cancer, thus, we hypothesised that the HOTAIR/miR‐130a/IGF1 axis might associate with endocrine disorders and biological behaviours of ovarian granulosa cells in rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS rat models were established by injection of dehydro‐isoandrosterone, followed by treatment of si‐HOTAIR, oe‐HOTAIR, miR‐130a mimics or miR‐130a inhibitors. Serum hormonal levels were determined to evaluate endocrine conditions. The effect of HOTAIR and miR‐130a on activities of isolated ovarian granulosa cells was assessed, as well as the involvement of IGF1.In the ovarian tissues and granulosa cells of PCOS rat models, highly expressed HOTAIR and IGF1 and poorly expressed miR‐130a were identified. In response to oe‐HOTAIR, serum levels of E2, T and LH were increased and serum levels of FSH were reduced; the proliferation of granulosa cells was reduced and apoptosis was promoted; notably, expression of miR‐130a was reduced while expression of IGF1 was increased. The treatment of si‐HOTAIR reversed the situation. Furthermore, the binding of HOTAIR to miR‐130a and targeting relationship of miR‐130a and IGF1 were confirmed. LncRNA HOTAIR up‐regulates the expression of IGF1 and aggravates the endocrine disorders and granulosa cell apoptosis through competitive binding to miR‐130a in rat models of PCOS. Based on our finding, we predict that competitive binding of HOTAIR to miR‐130a may act as a novel target for the molecular treatment of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dabao Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li F, Zhao F, Li M, Pan M, Shi F, Xu H, Zheng D, Wang L, Dou J. Decreasing New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 expression inhibits multiple myeloma growth and osteolytic lesions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2183-2194. [PMID: 31489631 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
- Changzhou Blood Center Changzhou China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Danfeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vidovic D, Huynh TT, Konda P, Dean C, Cruickshank BM, Sultan M, Coyle KM, Gujar S, Marcato P. ALDH1A3-regulated long non-coding RNA NRAD1 is a potential novel target for triple-negative breast tumors and cancer stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:363-378. [PMID: 31197235 PMCID: PMC7206030 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover novel therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), we screened long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) most enriched in TNBCs for high expression in CSCs defined by high Aldefluor activity and associated with worse patient outcomes. This led to the identification of non-coding RNA in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A pathway (NRAD1), also known as LINC00284. Targeting NRAD1 in TNBC tumors using antisense oligonucleotides reduced cell survival, tumor growth, and the number of cells with CSC characteristics. Expression of NRAD1 is regulated by an enzyme that causes Aldefluor activity in CSCs, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) and its product retinoic acid. Cellular fractionation revealed that NRAD1 is primarily nuclear localized, which suggested a potential function in gene regulation. This was confirmed by transcriptome profiling and chromatin isolation by RNA purification, followed by sequencing (ChIRP-seq), which demonstrated that NRAD1 has enriched chromatin interactions among the genes it regulates. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that NRAD1 regulates expression of genes involved in differentiation and catabolic processes. NRAD1 also contributes to gene expression changes induced by ALDH1A3; thereby, the induction of NRAD1 is a novel mechanism through which ALDH1A3 regulates gene expression. Together, these data identify lncRNA NRAD1 as a downstream effector of ALDH1A3, and a target for TNBCs and CSCs, with functions in cell survival and regulation of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Vidovic
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thomas T Huynh
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cheryl Dean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Krysta M Coyle
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Microarray profiling and co-expression network analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:93. [PMID: 31098301 PMCID: PMC6504870 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and development of human diseases, such as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we identified EOC-related lncRNAs and performed lncRNA and mRNA microarray analyses using IOSE80, a normal ovary cell line, and two ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP) to investigate the potential roles of lncRNAs in EOC. lncRNA-HEIH expression in EOC tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, we generated a lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network in order to identify lncRNA-expression trends and potential lncRNA target genes. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell assay, and wound-healing assay, respectively, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. We identified 3527 differentially expressed lncRNAs upon comparison of the lncRNA profiles from IOSE80 with those of SKOV3 cell lines, with 11 differentially expressed lncRNAs confirmed by qPCR. Both pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated the involvement of lncRNAs, especially HEIH and LINC-PINT, in multiple biological processes. Furthermore, in vitro knockdown experiments confirmed that suppression of HEIH expression inhibited EOC cell proliferation. Our findings provide a foundation for further research into the role of these lncRNAs in EOC carcinogenesis and progression.
Collapse
|
14
|
El-Khazragy N, Ghozy S, Matbouly S, Zaki W, Safwat G, Hussien G, Khalifa O. Interaction between 12p chromosomal abnormalities and Lnc-HOTAIR mediated pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15288-15296. [PMID: 31038787 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the correlation of homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense RNA expression with clinicopathological features and the clinical prognosis of the patients with chromosome 12p abnormalities associated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also investigate the association of 12p chromosomal on the expression of HOTAIR, miRNA-193a, and c-kit gene as targeting genes for HOTAIR in AML. METHODS AML patients with 12p chromosomal abnormalities were recruited and compared to AML with other chromosomal abnormalities rather than 12p. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) "HOTAIR," miR-193a, and c-Kit genes expression were measured in bone marrow samples using Syber green based real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found a significant difference for the expression levels of HOTAIR, c-kit, and miR-193a between 12p abnormalities associated AML and those without. The survival analysis revealed that patient's with low expression levels of HOTAIR and c-kit had significantly better survival and leukemia free survival. In contrast, miR-193a was associated with better overall survival but not leukemia free survival. CONCLUSION 12p abnormalities associated AML were associated with worse prognosis. Our results proved that HOTAIR, miR-193a, and c-kit genes are independent prognostic predictors in 12p chromosomal associated AML; therefore it may represent a novel therapeutic application in AML in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Khazragy
- Clinical Pathology and Haematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Biomedical Research Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Safa Matbouly
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hussien
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji F, Chen B, Du R, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ding Y. Long non-coding RNA H19 promotes tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer by sponging miR-675. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:113-122. [PMID: 31933725 PMCID: PMC6944020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the six most common women's cancers in the world, and is found among the top three female genital tumors, which is lower than the rate of endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. METHODS This study utilized miR-675 mimics and siRNA transfection to construct miR-675 overexpression and lower-expression model to investigate the effect of miR-675 on the regulation of ovarian cancer. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were applied for the quantitative testing of mRNA and protein expression. Apoptosis of podocytes was detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS H19 expression was also up-regulated. In vitro, H19 silencing after transfection with si-H19 could suppress proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay revealed a close link between miR-675 and H19 3'-UTR. Furthermore, combining experiments of miR-675 and H19 indicated that miR-675 could reverse the function of H19 on ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the overexpression of H19 in ovarian cancer tissue and cells, and discovers an oncogenic role in ovarian cancer via sponging miR-675, providing a potential biomarker for early detection and prognosis of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ji
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumchi, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumchi, China
| | - Rong Du
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumchi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumchi, China
| | - Yanjia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumchi, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumchi, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ning L, Hu YC, Wang S, Lang JH. Altered long noncoding RNAs and survival outcomes in ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11481. [PMID: 30095613 PMCID: PMC6133440 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the association between altered long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and survival outcomes in ovarian cancer have obtained controversial results. To comprehensively evaluate the association, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies published on the subject. METHODS We performed a systematic search using the databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Embase to find all relevant articles from inception to May 7, 2017. Studies that evaluated the association between 1 specific lncRNA and survival outcomes in ovarian cancer were included. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival were calculated with a fixed-effects or random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 15 studies involving 1333 patients with ovarian cancer were included in this meta-analysis. Altered lncRNAs were associated with decreased overall survival (HR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.92-2.75) without heterogeneity (I = 0.0%) in ovarian cancer. Altered lncRNAs were also associated with decreased progression-free survival (HR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.00-7.62, I = 76.6%) and disease-free survival (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 0.89-7.57, I = 62.9%) in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Our results supported the strong prognostic value of altered lncRNAs in ovarian cancer. Further large-scale studies should be carried out to verify the clinical applications of altered lncRNAs in the prognosis assessment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
17
|
Research Progresses in Cancer Stem Cells of Three Common Fertility-Related Female Malignancies. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:827-835. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Filippov-Levy N, Cohen-Schussheim H, Tropé CG, Hetland Falkenthal TE, Smith Y, Davidson B, Reich R. Expression and clinical role of long non-coding RNA in high-grade serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 148:559-566. [PMID: 29310950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To profile long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression at the various anatomic sites of high-grades serous carcinoma (HGSC) and in effusion-derived exosomes. METHODS LncRNA profiling was performed on 60 HGSC specimens, including 10 ovarian tumors, 10 solid metastases and 10 malignant effusions, as well as exosomes from 30 effusion supernatants. Anatomic site-related expression of ESRG, Link-A, GAS5, MEG3, GATS, PVT1 H19, Linc-RoR, HOTAIR and MALAT1 was validated by quantitative PCR and assessed for clinical relevance in a series of 77 HGSC effusions, 40 ovarian carcinomas, 21 solid metastases and 42 supernatant exosomes. RESULTS Significantly different (p<0.05) expression of 241, 406 and 3634 lncRNAs was found in comparative analysis of the ovarian tumors to solid metastases, effusions and exosomes, respectively. Cut-off at two-fold change in lncRNA expression identified 54 lncRNAs present at the 3 anatomic sites and in exosomes. Validation analysis showed significantly different expression of 5 of 10 lncRNAs in the 4 specimen groups (ESRG, Link-A, MEG3, GATS and PVT1, all p<0.001). Higher ESRG levels in HGSC effusions were associated with longer overall survival in the entire effusion cohort (p=0.023) and in patients with pre-chemotherapy effusions tapped at diagnosis (p=0.048). Higher Link-A levels were associated with better overall (p=0.015) and progression-free (p=0.023) survival for patients with post-chemotherapy effusions. Link-A was an independent prognostic marker in Cox multivariate analysis in the latter group (p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS We present the first evidence of differential LncRNA expression as function of anatomic site in HGSC. LncRNA levels in HGSC effusions are candidate prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Filippov-Levy
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Hallel Cohen-Schussheim
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Claes G Tropé
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ben Davidson
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Reuven Reich
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peng Q, Qin J, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Wang X, Lu W, Xie X, Zhang S. Autophagy maintains the stemness of ovarian cancer stem cells by FOXA2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:171. [PMID: 29187221 PMCID: PMC5707869 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the main cell type responsible for the initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence of cancer. But the mechanism by which cancer stem cells maintain their stemness remains unclear. Methods and Results In the present study, ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) were revealed to have an enhanced autophagic flux. Furthermore, their chemoresistance and ability to self-renewal in vitro were decreased when autophagy was inhibited by Bafilomycin A1(BafA1), Chloroquine(CQ) or autophagy related 5(ATG5) knockdown. PCR array screening determined that Forkhead Box A2(FOXA2) was highly expressed in OCSCs, and correspondingly regulated by autophagy activity. In addition, the self-renewal ability was decreased in the case of FOXA2 knockdown by shRNA in OCSCs. Overexpression of FOXA2 from the pEGFP(+)-FOXA2 plasmid partially reversed the depressed self-renewal ability of OCSCs during autophagy inhibition. Conclusions Our findings suggest that autophagy, through participation of FOXA2, maintains the characteristics of OCSCs. Autophagy and FOXA2 are therefore potential targets for ovarian cancer stem cell directed therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0644-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohua Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Identification of a progression-associated long non-coding RNA signature for predicting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1185-1192. [PMID: 29434705 PMCID: PMC5774407 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated to have prognostic roles in various cancer types. However, the association between lncRNAs and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression, and the prognostic value of lncRNAs as a marker for early detection of LSCC have not been systematically investigated. The present study performed a genome-wide comparative analysis in order to determine the expression profiles of 10,207 lncRNAs to investigate the expression patterns between patients with early stages of LSCC (stage I–II) and those with late-stage disease (stage III–IV). It was found that 114 lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between late- and early-stage LSCC and therefore associated with the progression of the malignancy. By focusing on progression-associated lncRNAs, eight lncRNAs were found to be significantly associated with overall survival of LSCC patients according to univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. These eight prognostic lncRNAs were integrated into a progression-associated eight-lncRNA signature, which stratified patients into two groups with significantly different overall survival (median survival, 2.25 vs. 7.68 years; P=2.06×10−5). In addition, the prognostic value of the progression-associated eight-lncRNA signature was independent of known clinical factors. Functional analysis suggested that eight prognostic lncRNAs may be involved in adipocytokine signaling pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Taken together, the progression-associated eight-lncRNA signature identified by our study not only represents a candidate prognostic biomarker for LSCC patients but also provides insight into the molecular mechanisms in the progression of LSCC.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu X, Mi L, Dong J, Zou J. Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 1567 (LINC01567) acts as a "sponge" against microRNA-93 in regulating the proliferation and tumorigenesis of human colon cancer stem cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:716. [PMID: 29110645 PMCID: PMC5674857 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the major factor in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. Maintaining the stemness and promoting differentiation of these cells involve various factors. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as new regulatory factors in human cancer cells. However, the function of lncRNAs in colon CSCs is still unknown. Methods Primary colon cancer cells were maintained in serum-free medium to form spheres and CD133+/CD166+/CD44+ spheroid cells were selected using FACS technique. Then we detected growth curve, colony formation, invasion and migration ability, and tumorigenicity of CD133+/CD166+/CD44+ cells. LOCCS-siRNA and pcDNA-LOCCS plasmid vectors were constructed and transfected to evaluate impact of the lncRNA. We also performed dual luciferase reporter assay to verify the interaction of LOCCS and miR-93. Results The research explored lncRNA expression and the regulatory role of novel lncRNAs in colon CSCs. Using the stem cell markers CD133, CD166 and CD44, we found a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic human colon cancer cells. They displayed some characteristics of stem cells, including the ability to proliferate and form colonies, to resist chemotherapeutic drugs, and to produce xenografts in nude mice. We also found an lncRNA, LOCCS, with obviously upregulated expression in colon CSCs. Knockdown of LOCCS reduced cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and generation of tumor xenografts. Furthermore, microRNA-93 (miR-93) and Musashi-1 mediated the tumor suppression of LOCCS knockdown. Conclusions There was reciprocal repression between LOCCS and miR-93. Research on mechanisms suggested direct binding, as a predicted miR-93 binding site was identified in LOCCS. This comprehensive analysis of LOCCS in colon CSCs provides insight for elucidating important roles of the lncRNA–microRNA functional network in human colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3731-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, West Yan'an Road 221, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lin Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, West Yan'an Road 221, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Drug Clinical Trial Organization Office, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, West Yan'an Road 221, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu MY, Liao YW, Chen PY, Hsieh PL, Fang CY, Wu CY, Yen ML, Peng BY, Wang DP, Cheng HC, Wu CZ, Shih YH, Wang DJ, Yu CC, Tsai LL. Targeting LncRNA HOTAIR suppresses cancer stemness and metastasis in oral carcinomas stem cells through modulation of EMT. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98542-98552. [PMID: 29228709 PMCID: PMC5716749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate diverse cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs and mechanistic analysis of their interplays with oncogenic pathways in oral cancer remain largely unknown. In the current study, we examined the significance of lncRNA HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) in tumor progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We found the expression of HOTAIR was upregulated in tumor tissues, especially in the metastatic samples. And it was also observed in metastatic OSCC cell lines. Silence of HOTAIR in oral carcinomas stem cells (OCSC) significantly inhibited their cancer stemness, invasiveness and tumourigenicity in xenotransplantation models. By contrast, overexpression of HOTAIR in OSCC enhanced their metastatic potential and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. And we showed that the expression of HOTAIR was positively related to mesenchymal markers and inversely correlated with epithelial marker in clinical samples. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that high level of HOTAIR was a strong predictor of poor survival in OSCC patients. Collectively, our data demonstrated that HOTAIR-mediated cancer stemness and metastasis are associated with the regulation of EMT and HOTAIR may serve as a therapeutic target in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Lu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Liang Yen
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dayen Peter Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsun Shih
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Jeng Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao F, Zhang R, Wang J, Wu D, Pan M, Li M, Guo M, Dou J. Effective tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by B16F10 cancer stem cell vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:238-244. [PMID: 28950176 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor vaccines have been considered a promising immunotherapy approach, therapeutic tumor vaccines are mostly disappointing in the clinic due to vaccine weak immunogenicity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may broaden the antigenic breadth and effectively induce the immune responses against autologous cancer cells. Here we report on the development of the B16F10 CD133+CD44+CSCs (B16F10 CSCs) vaccine to induce tumor immunity to melanoma in mice. Efficacy of against melanoma was evaluated by analysis of tumor growth and mouse survival. Immunogenicity was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometric assays, including serum cytokines, cytotoxic activity of NK cells and splenocytes in the immunized mice. The results showed that the B16F10 CSC vaccine resulted in tumor shrinkage and mouse lifespan extension. The cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ level were significantly increased in mice immunized with B16F10 CSC vaccine compared with the mice immunized with control vaccines. Additionally, New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1, an efficient tumor associated antigen over-expressed by B16F10 CSCs, was markedly reduced in expression in melanoma tissue, suggesting decrease of CSC subpopulation due to B16F10 CSC vaccination. Collectively, the findings may represent a new powerful approach for treatment of melanoma by B16F10 CSC vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Long intergenic non-coding RNA GALMD3 in chicken Marek's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10294. [PMID: 28860661 PMCID: PMC5579197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are transcribed from non-coding DNA sequences. Studies have revealed that aberrant expressions of lincRNAs are associated with various types of cancers and neurological disorders. Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious T-cell lymphoid neoplasia of chicken induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV). In this study, we first identified and validated linc-GALMD3 highly expressed in MDV-infected CD4+ T cells by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. By RNA-Seq analysis in MDCC-MSB1 cells after loss of function of linc-GALMD3 by shRNA, we found that linc-GALMD3 could positively cis-regulate its downstream gga-miR-223 gene expression. In contrast, it could trans-regulate the 748 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.01) that were mainly enriched into mitochondrial structure and cell cycle processes using GO analysis. Of these, the most significantly expressed gene EPYC might cause iris lesion in MD. The other eight genes, NDUFA4, NDUFB6, NDUFV1, NDUFS8, SDHB, UQCRC1, UQCRC2, and COX7A2, actively participated in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Most importantly, we found that the MDV replication was repressed when linc-GALMD3 was knocked down in CEF cells. Our results suggested that linc-GALMD3 might be a critical regulator in chicken MD and could be used as a candidate-promising mark for MD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Wang J, Zhong Y, Guo R, Chu D, Qiu H, Yuan Z. HOTAIR: a key regulator in gynecologic cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28649178 PMCID: PMC5480152 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancers. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is an lncRNA localized to the mammalian HOXC gene cluster; it can interact with polycomb repressive complex 2 and the lysine-specific histone demethylase/CoREST/REST complex, and it manipulates the expression of various genes. HOTAIR promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by silencing tumor suppressors, and activating oncogenes and signaling pathways. HOTAIR is deregulated in many human cancers; despite its critical roles in health and disease, the underlying mechanisms governing HOTAIR function are unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the roles of HOTAIR in gynecologic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000 China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, 276001 China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Danxia Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhongfu Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Heery R, Finn SP, Cuffe S, Gray SG. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Key Regulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Tumour Drug Resistance and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040038. [PMID: 28430163 PMCID: PMC5406713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), the adoption by epithelial cells of a mesenchymal-like phenotype, is a process co-opted by carcinoma cells in order to initiate invasion and metastasis. In addition, it is becoming clear that is instrumental to both the development of drug resistance by tumour cells and in the generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells. EMT is thus a pivotal process during tumour progression and poses a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) often utilize epigenetic programs to regulate both gene expression and chromatin structure. One type of ncRNA, called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has become increasingly recognized as being both highly dysregulated in cancer and to play a variety of different roles in tumourigenesis. Indeed, over the last few years, lncRNAs have rapidly emerged as key regulators of EMT in cancer. In this review, we discuss the lncRNAs that have been associated with the EMT process in cancer and the variety of molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways through which they regulate EMT, and finally discuss how these EMT-regulating lncRNAs impact on both anti-cancer drug resistance and the cancer stem cell phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Heery
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Rm 2.09, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Masters in Translational Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 RX0X, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 RT2X, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Rm 2.09, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 RT2X, Ireland.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.
- Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 K0Y5, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nikpayam E, Tasharrofi B, Sarrafzadeh S, Ghafouri-Fard S. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [PMID: 27664137 PMCID: PMC5141251 DOI: 10.6091/.21.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most fatal tumor of female's reproductive system, and several genetics and environmental factors are involved in its development. Various studies have already identified some suitable biomarkers to facilitate the early detection, the prognosis evaluation, and the assessment of treatment response. However, the aim of this review is to investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis process of ovarian cancer and their potential applications as ovarian cancer biomarkers. We performed an online literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed databases using the keywords, including ovarian cancer, lncRNA, and biomarker. We found that several lncRNAs have been shown to be deregulated in ovarian cancer and the specific mechanism of their enrollment in ovarian cancer has been defined for a few of them. In addition, expression profiling has revealed an association between lncRNAs and patients' survival, metastasis potential, as well as treatment response. Expression profiling and methylation analysis of lncRNAs in ovarian cancer may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers that can help in the classification of patients based on prognosis and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nikpayam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Tasharrofi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Sarrafzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu MY, Li XQ, Gao TH, Cui Y, Ma N, Zhou Y, Zhang GJ. Elevated HOTAIR expression associated with cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3314-3322. [PMID: 28066612 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the mechanism of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We specifically studied whether long noncoding RNAs influence drug resistance in NSCLC to discover new therapeutic targets to increase the survival rate of drug-resistant NSCLC patients. METHODS Tissue samples were collected from NSCLC patients, and total RNA was isolated for assessment of HOTAIR expression and drug resistance status. MTT assays, tumor sphere formation assays, and western blot were performed to cytologically determine the relationship between HOTAIR expression and cisplatin resistance, as well as to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism involved. RESULTS HOTAIR expression in tissues of drug-resistant NSCLC patients was higher than that of non-drug-resistant patients. HOTAIR expression was elevated in cisplatin-resistant cell strains (A549/CDDP), and reducing HOTAIR expression increased the sensitivity of A549/CDDP cells to cisplatin. In addition, overexpression of HOTAIR in A549 cells increased resistance to cisplatin. Tumor sphere formation assays showed that the volume of spheres formed by cell strains expressing elevated levels of HOTAIR was greater than that of cell strains with low expression. Western blot experiments showed that elevated expression of HOTAIR upregulated tumor stem cell-related biomarkers and HOTAIR expression was directly related to Klf4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Elevated HOTAIR expression is associated with drug resistance in NSCLC patients and is related to Klf4 upregulation, providing a new therapeutic target for drug-resistant NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;; Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xi-Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Tian-Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yao Cui
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nikpayam E, Tasharrofi B, Sarrafzadeh S, Ghafouri-Fard S. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 21:3-15. [PMID: 27132108 PMCID: PMC5141250 DOI: 10.6091/.21.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important candidates for MSC-based cellular therapy. Current paradigm states that MSCs support local progenitor cells in damaged tissue through paracrine signaling. Therefore, the study of paracrine effects and secretome of MSCs could lead to the appreciation of mechanisms and molecules associated with the therapeutic effects of these cells. This study analyzed anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of MSC secretomes derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and bone marrow cells after hypoxia and normoxia preconditioning. Methods: ESCs differentiated into MSCs and characterized by flow cytometry as well as by differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. The experimental groups were consisted of individual groups of ESC-MSCs and BM-MSCs (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells), which were preconditioned with either hypoxia or normoxia for 24, 48 and 72 h. After collecting the cell-free medium from each treatment, secretomes were concentrated by centrifugal filters. Using a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) assay and ELISA, IL-10 concentration in PBMCs was evaluated after their incubation with different secretomes from preconditioned and non-preconditioned MSCs. Results: A significant difference was observed between ESC-MSC normoxia and ESC-MSC hypoxia in IL-10 concentration, and normoxia secretomes increased IL-10 secretion from PBMCs. Moreover, the strongest IL-10 secretion from PBMCs could be detected after the stimulation by ESC-MSC conditioned secretomes, but not BM-MSC conditioned medium. Conclusions: Human hypoxia preconditioned ESC-MSC secretome indicated stronger immune-modulatory effects compared to BM-MSC conditioned medium. It could be suggested that induced MSCs confer less immune-modulatory effects but produce more inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor α, which needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nikpayam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Tasharrofi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Sarrafzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Virant-Klun I, Kenda-Suster N, Smrkolj S. Small putative NANOG, SOX2, and SSEA-4-positive stem cells resembling very small embryonic-like stem cells in sections of ovarian tissue in patients with ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:12. [PMID: 26940129 PMCID: PMC4778328 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies it has been found that in cell cultures of human adult ovaries there is a population of small stem cells with diameters of 2-4 μm, which are present mainly in the ovarian surface epithelium and are comparable to very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) from bone marrow. These cells are not observed by histopathologists in the ovarian tissue due to their small size and unknown clinical significance. Because these cells express a degree of pluripotency, they might be involved in the manifestation of ovarian cancer. Therefore we studied the ovarian tissue sections in women with borderline ovarian cancer and serous ovarian carcinoma to perhaps identify the small putative stem cells in situ. METHODS In 27 women with borderline ovarian cancer and 20 women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma the ovarian tissue sections were stained, per standard practice, with eosin and hematoxylin staining and on NANOG, SSEA-4 and SOX2 markers, related to pluripotency, using immunohistochemistry. We focused on the presence and localization of small putative stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm and with the nuclei spread over nearly the full cell volume. RESULTS In ovarian sections of both borderline ovarian cancer and serous ovarian carcinoma patients we were able to identify the presence of small round cells complying with the above criteria. Some of these small cells were NANOG-positive, were located among epithelial cells in the ovarian surface epithelium and as a single cell or groups of cells/clusters in typical "chambers", were found only in the presence of ovarian cancer and not in healthy ovaries and are comparable to those in fetal ovaries. We envision that these small cells could be related to NANOG-positive tumor-like structures and oocyte-like cells in similar "chambers" found in sections of cancerous ovaries, which could support their stemness and pluripotency. Further immunohistochemistry revealed a similar population of SSEA-4 and SOX2-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS We may conclude that putative small stem cells expressing markers, related to pluripotency, are present in the ovarian tissue sections of women with borderline ovarian cancer and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma thus indicating their potential involvement in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Natasa Kenda-Suster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Spela Smrkolj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dou J, Ni Y, He X, Wu D, Li M, Wu S, Zhang R, Guo M, Zhao F. Decreasing lncRNA HOTAIR expression inhibits human colorectal cancer stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:98-108. [PMID: 27069543 PMCID: PMC4759419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between aberrant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and cancer stem cell (CSC) biology in cancer patients has been recently gaining attention. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the decreasing lncRNA HOTAIR expression would inhibit human colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. CD133(+)CSCs were isolated from human CRC LoVo cell line by using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and were transfected with the expression vector-based small hairpin RNA targeting HOTAIR (shHOTAIR). The ability of cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, colony-forming, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecule expression as well as the tumorigenicity of CD133(+)-shHOTAIR were evaluated by the MTT, wound-healing, cellular invasion, colony formation and Western blot assays, respectively. This study found that, when compared with control cells in vitro, CD133(+)-shHOTAIR exhibited the decreased HOTAIR expression, suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, colony-forming, and inhibited the Vimentin expression with increased E-cadherin expression. In particular, the down-regulation of the HOTAIR expression in CD133(+)CSCs markedly attenuated the tumor growth and lung metastasis in xenograft nude mice. Taken together, this study found that down-regulating the HOTAIR expression in CD133(+)CSCs could serve as a potential anti-cancer regimen to inhibit the invasiveness and metastasis of CRC CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaoyao Ni
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226361, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Songyan Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengsu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu D, Wang J, Cai Y, Ren M, Zhang Y, Shi F, Zhao F, He X, Pan M, Yan C, Dou J. Effect of targeted ovarian cancer immunotherapy using ovarian cancer stem cell vaccine. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:68. [PMID: 26497895 PMCID: PMC4620009 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that different immunotherapies for ovarian cancer might overcome barriers to resistance to standard chemotherapy. The vaccine immunotherapy may be a useful one addition to conditional chemotherapy regimens. The present study investigated the use of vaccine of ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) to inhibit ovarian cancer growth. Methods CD117+CD44+CSCs were isolated from human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) SKOV3 cell line by using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system. Pre-inactivated CD117+CD44+CSC vaccine was vacccinated into athymic nude mice three times, and then the mice were challenged subcutaneously with SKOV3 cells. The anti-tumor efficacy of CSC vaccine was envaluated by in vivo tumorigenicity, immune efficient analysis by flow cytometer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Results The CD117+ CD44+CSC vaccine increased anti-ovarian cancer efficacy in that it depressed ovarian cancer growth in the athymic nude mice. Vaccination resulted in enhanced serum IFN-γ, decreased TGF-β levels, and increased cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in the CD117+ CD44+CSC vaccine immunized mice. Moreover, the CSC-based vaccine significantly reduced the CD117+CD44+CSC as well as the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 positive cell populations in the ovarian cancer tissues in the xenograft mice. Conclusion The present study provided the first evidence that human SKOV3 CD117+ CD44+CSC-based vaccine may induce the anti-ovarian cancer immunity against tumor growth by reducing the CD117+CD44+CSC population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunlang Cai
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Mulan Ren
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pan M, Li M, You C, Zhao F, Guo M, Xu H, Li L, Wang L, Dou J. [Relaxing of unity and membership democracy in the Danish Nursing Council]. J Cell Physiol 1980; 235:1405-1416. [PMID: 31347176 PMCID: PMC6899543 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer patients with high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) cell population have higher tolerability to chemotherapy since the cells posses a characteristic of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we found that the ALDH‐positive cells were higher in CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSCs than that in both BT549 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines but microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) level was lower in CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSCs than that in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, miR‐7 overexpression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells decreased ALDH1A3 activity by miR‐7 directly binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of ALDH1A3; while the ALDH1A3 expression was downregulated in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, the expressions of CD44 and Epithelium Specific Antigen (ESA) were reduced along with decreasing the BCSC subpopulation. Significantly, enforced expression of miR‐7 in CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSC markedly inhibited the BCSC‐driven xenograft growth in mice by decreasing an expression of ALDH1A3. Collectively, the findings demonstrate the miR‐7 inhibits breast cancer growth via suppressing ALDH1A3 activity concomitant with decreasing BCSC subpopulation. This approach may be considered for an investigation on clinical treatment of breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Judicial Identification, Jiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chengzhong You
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Luoyang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|