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Urakawa D, Shioiridani Y, Igata S, Hou DX, Sakao K. Comparative Analysis of Acetylated Flavonoids' Chemopreventive Effects in Different Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7689. [PMID: 39062932 PMCID: PMC11276853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of natural compounds with anticancer activity, exhibit varying biological activities and potencies based on their structural differences. Acylation, including acetylation of flavonoids, generally increases their structural diversity, which is closely related to the diversity of bioactivity within this group of compounds. However, it remains largely unknown how acetylation affects the bioactivity of many flavonoids. Based on our previous findings that O-acetylation enhances quercetin's bioactivity against various cancer cells, we synthesized 12 acetylated flavonoids, including seven novel compounds, to investigate their anticancer activities in the MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, and HepG2 cell lines. Our results showed that acetylation notably enhanced the cell proliferation inhibitory effect of quercetin and kaempferol across all cancer cell lines tested. Interestingly, while the 5,7,4'-O-triacetate apigenin (3Ac-A) did not show an enhanced the effect of inhibition of cell proliferation through acetylation, it exhibited significantly strong anti-migration activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, the 7,4'-O-diacetate apigenin (2Ac-Q), which lacks acetylation at the 5-position hydroxy group, showed enhanced cell proliferation inhibitory effect but had weaker anti-migration effects compared to 3Ac-A. These results indicated that acetylated flavonoids, especially quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin derivatives, are promising for anticancer applications, with 3Ac-A potentially having unique anti-migration pathways independent of apoptosis induction. This study highlights the potential application of flavonoids in novel chemopreventive strategies for their anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Urakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (D.U.); (D.-X.H.)
| | - Yuki Shioiridani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shinya Igata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (D.U.); (D.-X.H.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (D.U.); (D.-X.H.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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2
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Naponelli V, Rocchetti MT, Mangieri D. Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5569. [PMID: 38791608 PMCID: PMC11122459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its propensity to metastasize, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thanks in part to their intrinsic low cytotoxicity, the effects of the flavonoid family in the prevention and treatment of various human cancers, both in vitro and in vivo, have received increasing attention in recent years. It is well documented that Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), among other flavonoids, is able to modulate key signaling molecules involved in the initiation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, as well as the oncogenic non-coding RNA network. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to emphasize some of the key events through which Apigenin suppresses cancer proliferation, focusing specifically on its ability to target key molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cell cycle arrest, and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Hao B, Yang Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang S. Advances in Flavonoid Research: Sources, Biological Activities, and Developmental Prospectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2884-2925. [PMID: 38666911 PMCID: PMC11049524 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the occurrence of a large number of infectious and non-communicable diseases poses a serious threat to human health as well as to drug development for the treatment of these diseases. One of the most significant challenges is finding new drug candidates that are therapeutically effective and have few or no side effects. In this respect, the active compounds in medicinal plants, especially flavonoids, are potentially useful compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities. They are naturally present in nature and valuable in the treatment of many infectious and non-communicable diseases. Flavonoids are divided into fourteen categories and are mainly derived from plant extraction, chemical synthesis and structural modification, and biosynthesis. The structural modification of flavonoids is an important way to discover new drugs, but biosynthesis is currently considered the most promising research direction with the potential to revolutionize the new production pipeline in the synthesis of flavonoids. However, relevant problems such as metabolic pathway analyses and cell synthesis protocols for flavonoids need to be addressed on an urgent basis. In the present review, new research techniques for assessing the biological activities of flavonoids and the mechanisms of their biological activities are elucidated and their modes of interaction with other drugs are described. Moreover, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, bioparticles, colloidals, etc., are gradually becoming new means of addressing the issues of poor hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability of flavonoids. The present review summarizes the latest research progress on flavonoids, existing problems with their therapeutic efficacy, and how these issues can be solved with the research on flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.H.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Adewale OO, Oyelola RF, Adetuyi OA, Adebisi OA, Adekomi DA, Oladele JO. Water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera fruits as potential reno-protective agent against cisplatin-induced toxicity: pre- and post-treatment strategies. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38529813 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2329762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect of cisplatin, an effective platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is applicable in the treatment of several solid-tissue cancers. Studies have indicated that certain water-soluble phenolics offer renal protection. Thus, this study investigates the role of pre and post-treatment of rats with water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera (PdP) against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Rats were either orally pretreated or post-treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of PdP before or after exposure to a single therapeutic dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 successive days intraperitoneally. The protective effects of PdP against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was based on the evaluation of various biochemical and redox biomarkers, together with histopathological examination of kidney tissues. The composition, structural features, and antioxidative influence of PdP were determined based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and in vitro antioxidative models. Cisplatin single exposure led to a substantial increase in the tested renal function biomarkers (uric acid, creatinine, and urea levels), associated with an increase in malondialdehyde indicating lipid peroxidation and a significant decline (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the renal tissue when compared with the control group. A marked decline exists in the kidney antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD, and GPx). Nevertheless, treatment with PdP significantly suppressed the heightened renal function markers, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Spectroscopic analysis revealed significant medicinal phenolics, and in vitro tests demonstrated antioxidative properties. Taken together, results from this study indicate that pre- and/or post-treatment strategies of PdP could serve therapeutic purposes in cisplatin-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwatosin Adefunke Adetuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Abraham Adebisi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Damilare Adedayo Adekomi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Johnson Olaleye Oladele
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Phytochemical research unit, Royal Scientific Research Institute, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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The Involvement of Natural Polyphenols in Molecular Mechanisms Inducing Apoptosis in Tumor Cells: A Promising Adjuvant in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021680. [PMID: 36675194 PMCID: PMC9863215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various literature data show how a diet rich in vegetables could reduce the incidence of several cancers due to the contribution of the natural polyphenols contained in them. Polyphenols are attributed multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective and even anti-tumor properties. The multiple mechanisms involved in their anti-tumor action include signaling pathways modulation associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell death. Since the dysregulation of death processes is involved in cancer etiopathology, the natural compounds able to kill cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. Apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death, is the most potent defense against cancer and the main mechanism used by both chemotherapy agents and polyphenols. The aim of this review is to provide an update of literature data on the apoptotic molecular mechanisms induced by some representative polyphenol family members in cancer cells. This aspect is particularly important because it may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies against cancer involving the polyphenols as adjuvants.
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Zeng Z, Jiang W, Kan J, Zhang D, Li R, He F, Hu Y, Li X, Zhang E, Cao Z. Shentao Ruangan formula promotes apoptosis via the E2F2-p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154565. [PMID: 36610125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates. E2F2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in HCC; however, The mechanism by which E2F2 promotes the progression of HCC remains unclear. The Shentao Ruangan (STR) formula exhibits antitumor efficacy against HCC; however, the underlying antitumor mechanisms remain unknown. PURPOSE To explore the regulatory effect of E2F2 on the p53 signaling pathway and reveal the role and mechanism of STR in promoting cell apoptosis via the E2F2-p53 signaling pathway in HCC. METHODS E2F2 overexpression or silencing by lentivirus in HepG2 cells were used to explore their influence on apoptosis and the p53 pathway. An H22 tumor-bearing mice model was used to determine the therapeutic efficacy of STR and its effects on the E2F2-p53 pathway. STR-mediated serum (STR-MS) was prepared, and its chemical constituents were identified using mass spectrometry. The effects of STR-MS on viability and apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the E2F2-p53 pathway were investigated and validated using rescue experiments. RESULTS E2F2 overexpression significantly inhibited apoptosis and the p53 pathway in HepG2 cells, whereas E2F2-silenced HepG2 cells showed the reverse. This increased apoptosis was rescued by the addition of a p53 inhibitor (PFT-α) to E2F2-silenced HepG2 cells. In vivo, high doses of STR could remarkably inhibit the growth of xenografts, promote the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, downregulate E2F2, and activate the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway with good safety. In vitro, STR-MS exhibited similar effectiveness, and the best effect was achieved at 30% STR-MS concentration for 48 h. When 30% STR-MS was added to E2F2-overexpressing cells, the increased apoptosis and expression of key proteins in the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly rescued. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that E2F2 inhibits hepatoma cell apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner and that STR may promote apoptosis by regulating the E2F2-p53 pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Weichi Jiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jun Kan
- Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Yuechen Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Zebiao Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Spagnuolo C, Moccia S, Tedesco I, Crescente G, Volpe MG, Russo M, Russo GL. Phenolic Extract from Extra Virgin Olive Oil Induces Different Anti-Proliferative Pathways in Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010182. [PMID: 36615840 PMCID: PMC9823665 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of olive oil is associated with protection against chronic-degenerative diseases, such as cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between olive oil intake and bladder cancer risk. Bladder cancer is among the most common forms of cancer; in particular, the transitional cell carcinoma histotype shows aggressive behavior. We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of a phenolic extract prepared from an extra virgin olive oil (EVOOE) on two human bladder cancer cell lines, namely RT112 and J82, representing the progression from low-grade to high-grade tumors, respectively. In RT112, the EVOOE reduced cell viability (IC50 = 240 μg/mL at 24 h), triggering a non-protective form of autophagy, evidenced by the autophagosome formation and the increase in LC-3 lipidation. In J82, EVOOE induced a strong decrease in cell viability after 24 h of treatment (IC50 = 65.8 μg/mL) through rapid and massive apoptosis, assessed by Annexin V positivity and caspase-3 and -9 activation. Moreover, in both bladder cancer cell lines, EVOOE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species, but this antioxidant effect was not correlated with its anti-proliferative outcomes. Data obtained suggest that the mixture of phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil activates different anti-proliferative pathways.
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Bacchetti T, Campagna R, Sartini D, Cecati M, Morresi C, Bellachioma L, Martinelli E, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Ferretti G, Emanuelli M. C. spinosa L. subsp. rupestris Phytochemical Profile and Effect on Oxidative Stress in Normal and Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196488. [PMID: 36235028 PMCID: PMC9573631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spices, widely used to improve the sensory characteristics of food, contain several bioactive compounds as well, including polyphenols, carotenoids, and glucosynolates. Acting through multiple pathways, these bioactive molecules affect a wide variety of cellular processes involved in molecular mechanisms important in the onset and progress of human diseases. Capparis spinosa L. is an aromatic plant characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. Previous studies have reported that different parts (aerial parts, roots, and seeds) of C. spinosa exert various pharmacological activities. Flower buds of C. spinosa contain several bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and glucosinolates. Two different subspecies of C. spinosa L., namely, C. spinosa L. subsp. spinosa, and C. spinosa L. subsp. rupestris, have been reported. Few studies have been carried out in C. spinosa L. subsp. rupestris. The aim of our study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of floral buds of the less investigated species C. spinosa subsp. rupestris. Moreover, we investigated the effect of the extract from buds of C. spinosa subsp. rupestris (CSE) on cell proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and expression of the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic enzyme paraoxonase-2 (PON2) in normal and cancer cells. T24 cells and Caco-2 cells were selected as models of advanced-stage human bladder cancer and human colorectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. The immortalized human urothelial cell line (UROtsa) and human dermal fibroblast (HuDe) were chosen as normal cell models. Through an untargeted metabolomic approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), our results demonstrate that C. spinosa subsp. rupestris flower buds contain polyphenols and glucosinolates able to exert a higher cytotoxic effect and higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Moreover, upregulation of the expression of the enzyme PON2 was observed in cancer cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that normal and cancer cells are differentially sensitive to CSE, which has different effects on PON2 gene expression as well. The overexpression of PON2 in T24 cells treated with CSE could represent a mechanism by which tumor cells protect themselves from the apoptotic process induced by glucosinolates and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Camilla Morresi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luisa Bellachioma
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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The Potential Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186051. [PMID: 36144783 PMCID: PMC9505045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of advances in the treatment of cancer, currently used treatment modules including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy causes adverse effects and kills the normal cells. Therefore, the goal of more effective and less side effects-based cancer treatment approaches is still at the primary position of present research. Medicinal plants or their bioactive ingredients act as dynamic sources of drugs due to their having less side effects and also shows the role in reduction of resistance against cancer therapy. Apigenin is an edible plant-derived flavonoid that has received significant scientific consideration for its health-promoting potential through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and various other biological activities. Moreover, the anti-cancer potential of apigenin is confirmed through its ability to modulate various cell signalling pathways, including tumor suppressor genes, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, inflammation, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK and STAT3 pathways. The current review mainly emphases the potential role of apigenin in different types of cancer through the modulation of various cell signaling pathways. Further studies based on clinical trials are needed to explore the role of apigenin in cancer management and explain the possible potential mechanisms of action in this vista.
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Phenolic-rich feijoa extracts from flesh, peel and whole fruit activate apoptosis pathways in the LNCaP cell line. Food Chem 2022; 383:132285. [PMID: 35168051 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential anticancer activity of phenolic-rich feijoa extracts from the flesh, peel, and whole fruit on the human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). Results showed that feijoa extracts had cancer-specific anti-proliferative activity on the LNCaP cell line. The anticancer activity of feijoa extracts was shown through activation of the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway based on the increase of sub-G1 phase in the cell cycle, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the elevated caspase 3, 8, and 9 activity in the treated LNCaP cells. The anti-cancer activity of feijoa extracts could be attributed to the high total phenolic contents (0.14-0.37 mg GAE/mg dw) and, in particular, the high ellagic acid content (2.662-9.119 μg/mg dw). The successful activation of the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway indicates that phenolic-rich feijoa extracts have a good potential to be utilized as a functional ingredient in foods and nutraceuticals.
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12
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The effect of apigenin and chemotherapy combination treatments on apoptosis-related genes and proteins in acute leukaemia cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8858. [PMID: 35614109 PMCID: PMC9132959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a dietary polyphenol found abundantly in fruit and vegetables, which sensitizes leukaemia cells to topoisomerase inhibitor agents (e.g., etoposide), and alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), reducing ATP levels and inducing apoptosis; whilst being protective to control haematopoietic stem cells. This study analysed the expression profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-related genes and proteins to help elucidate the mechanisms of action of apigenin when used in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell lines (Jurkat and THP-1). Expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured using a TaqMan® Human Apoptosis Array and the StepOne Plus RT-qPCR System, whilst apoptosis-related proteins were determined using a protein profiler™-human apoptosis array and the LI-COR OdysseyR Infrared Imaging System. Apigenin when combined with etoposide or cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c, SMAC/DIABLO, and HTRA2/OMI, which promoted caspase-9 and -3 activation. Targeting anti-apoptotic and/or pro-apoptotic members of the apoptotic pathways is a promising strategy to induce cancer cell death and improve sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. Here the apoptotic pathways induced by apigenin in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide were identified within human leukaemia cell lines, such applications could provide combination therapies for the treatment of leukaemia.
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13
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Role of Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Chemopreventive Potential of Apigenin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073757. [PMID: 35409117 PMCID: PMC8999072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), which is one of the most widely distributed phytochemicals in the plant kingdom, is one of the most thoroughly investigated phenolic components. Previous studies have attributed the physiological effects of apigenin to its anti-allergic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and blood-pressure-lowering properties, and its documented anticancer properties have been attributed to the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the inhibition of inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, and the regulation of cellular responses to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The most well-known mechanism for the compound’s anticancer effects in human cancer cell lines is apoptosis, followed by autophagy, and studies have also reported that apigenin induces novel cell death mechanisms, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic potential of apigenin as a chemopreventive agent, as well as the roles of programmed cell death mechanisms in the compound’s chemopreventive properties.
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Slika H, Mansour H, Wehbe N, Nasser SA, Iratni R, Nasrallah G, Shaito A, Ghaddar T, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in cancer: ROS-mediated mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112442. [PMID: 35062053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play contradicting roles in cancer incidence and progression. Antioxidants have attracted attention as emerging therapeutic agents. Among these are flavonoids, which are natural polyphenols with established anticancer and antioxidant capacities. Increasing evidence shows that flavonoids can inhibit carcinogenesis via suppressing ROS levels. Surprisingly, flavonoids can also trigger excessive oxidative stress, but this can also induce death of malignant cells. In this review, we explore the inherent characteristics that contribute to the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids, and we dissect the scenarios in which they play the contrasting role as pro-oxidants. Furthermore, we elaborate on the pathways that link flavonoid-mediated modulation of ROS to the prevention and treatment of cancer. Special attention is given to the ROS-mediated anticancer functions that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin evoke in various cancers. We also delve into the structure-function relations that make flavonoids potent antioxidants. This review provides a detailed perspective that can be utilized in future experiments or trials that aim at utilizing flavonoids or verifying their efficacy for developing new pharmacologic agents. We support the argument that flavonoids are attractive candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hadi Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nadine Wehbe
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gheyath Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tarek Ghaddar
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Oyenihi OR, Oyenihi AB, Alabi TD, Tade OG, Adeyanju AA, Oguntibeju OO. Reactive oxygen species: Key players in the anticancer effects of apigenin? J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14060. [PMID: 34997605 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a double-edged sword in cancer-hence their modulation has been an attractive strategy in cancer prevention and therapy. The abundance of scientific information on the pro-oxidant effects of apigenin in cancer cells suggests the crucial role of ROS in its mechanisms of action. Although apigenin is known to enhance the cellular ROS levels to cytotoxic degrees in cancer cells in vitro, it remains to be determined if these pro-oxidant effects prevail or are relevant in experimental tumor models and clinical trials. Here, we critically examine the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of apigenin in cancer to provide insightful perspectives on the association between its ROS-modulating action and anticancer potential. We also discussed these effects in a cell/tissue type-specific context to highlight the factors influencing the switch between antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. Finally, we raised some questions that need addressing for the potential translation of these studies into clinical applications. Further research into this duality in oxidant actions of apigenin, especially in vivo, may enable better exploitation of its anticancer potential. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound found in chamomile flowers, parsley, celery, peppermint, and citrus fruits. Many human trials of dietary interventions with apigenin-containing herbs and flavonoid mixture on oxidative stress markers, for instance, point to their antioxidant effects and health benefits in many diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that apigenin alone or its combination with chemotherapeutics has a strong anti-neoplastic effect and can induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity at concentrations in the micromolar (μM) range, which may not be feasible with dietary interventions. Enhancing the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of apigenin may be indispensable for its potential cancer-specific pro-oxidant therapy and may provide relevant information for clinical studies of apigenin either as a single agent or an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R Oyenihi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji B Oyenihi
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Toyin D Alabi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin G Tade
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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16
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Han T, Zhang L, Tong W, Zhao J, Wang W. Exploring the interaction of calycosin with cyclin D1 protein as a regulator of cell cycle progression in lung cancer cells. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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17
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Abdelglil MI, Abdallah SO, El-Desouky MA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Mohamed AF. Evaluation of the Anticancer Potential of Crude, Irradiated Cerastes cerastes Snake Venom and Propolis Ethanolic Extract & Related Biological Alterations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227057. [PMID: 34834153 PMCID: PMC8625720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of crude venom (CV), γ irradiated Certastes cerastes venom (IRRV), and propolis ethanolic extract (PEE). IRRV showed a higher toxicity than CV, while CV-PEE showed higher toxicity than IRRV and CV against lung [A549] and prostate [PC3] cancer cells. Toxicity to [A549] and [PC3] cells was concentration and cell type dependent. In comparison to controls, apoptotic genes showed a significant upregulation of P53 and Casp-3 and a downregulation of Bcl-2. Also, induced elevated DNA accumulation in the [S] phase post PC3 cell treatment with IRRV and CV, as well as a significant DNA accumulation at G2/M phase after IRRV treatment of A549 cells. In contrast, PC3 cells showed a negligible cellular DNA accumulation after PEE treatment. Glutathione reductase [GR] was reduced in case of PC3 and A549 cell treated with IRRV, CV, and PEE compared with its values in untreated cell control. The Malondialdehyde [MDA] values in both cells recorded a significant elevation post IRRV treatment compared to the rest of the treatment regimen and untreated cell control. Similarly, IRRV and CV-PEE mix showed obviously higher reactive oxygen species [ROS] values than PC3 and A549 cell treatments with CV and PEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa I. Abdelglil
- Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.I.A.); (M.A.E.-D.); (S.E.I.E.); Tel.: +20-100-205-4967 (M.I.A.)
| | | | - Mohamed A. El-Desouky
- Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.I.A.); (M.A.E.-D.); (S.E.I.E.); Tel.: +20-100-205-4967 (M.I.A.)
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia;
- Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza 12654, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.I.A.); (M.A.E.-D.); (S.E.I.E.); Tel.: +20-100-205-4967 (M.I.A.)
| | - Aly F. Mohamed
- The International Center for Training & Advanced Researches (ICTAR–Egypt), Cairo 11647, Egypt;
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18
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Liu G, Sun N, Che H, He T. Apigenin Inhibits the Histamine-Induced Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Downregulating ERα/ERβ Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682917. [PMID: 34568014 PMCID: PMC8456091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin (APG), a natural flavonoid, can affect the development of a variety of tumors, but its role in ovarian cancer remains unclear. There has been an increasing amount of evidence supporting the vital role played by mast cells and the bioactive mediators they release, as components of the tumor microenvironment, in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC); however, the mechanism warrants further exploration. Methods and Results In this study, a combination of transcriptomics analysis and application of TCGA database was performed, and we found that the expression of genes related to mast cell degranulation in ovarian cancer tissues changed remarkably. We then explored whether histamine, a major constituent of mast cell degranulation, could affect the development of ovarian cancer through immunohistochemistry analysis and cell proliferation assays. The results showed that a certain concentration of histamine promoted the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα)/estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Additionally, we found that the inhibition of ERα or the activation of ERβ could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells induced by histamine through real-time PCR and western blot assays. Finally, we demonstrated the attenuation effect imparted by apigenin in histamine-mediated ovarian cancer via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Our research revealed that apigenin decelerated ovarian cancer development by downregulating ER-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression, thus providing evidence of its applicability as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Huilian Che
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao He
- Zhongguancun International Medical Inspection and Certification Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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19
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Santacroce L, Cantore S, Inchingolo A, Inchingolo F, Di Domenico M, Quagliuolo L, Boccellino M. Another look at dietary polyphenols: challenges in cancer prevention and treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1061-1082. [PMID: 34375181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810154732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a pathology that impacts in a profound manner people all over the world. The election strategy against cancer often uses chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which more often than not can present many side effects and not always reliable efficacy. By contrast, it is widely known that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables has a protective effect against cancer insurgence and development. Polyphenols are generally believed to be responsible for those beneficial actions, at least partially. In this review, we highlight the metabolic interaction between polyphenols and our metabolism and discuss their potential for anticancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario "Ernesto Quagliariello", University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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20
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Metformin-induced ROS upregulation as amplified by apigenin causes profound anticancer activity while sparing normal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14002. [PMID: 34234193 PMCID: PMC8263563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin increased cellular ROS levels in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, with minimal effect in HDF, human primary dermal fibroblasts. Metformin reduced cellular ATP levels in HDF, but not in AsPC-1 cells. Metformin increased AMPK, p-AMPK (Thr172), FOXO3a, p-FOXO3a (Ser413), and MnSOD levels in HDF, but not in AsPC-1 cells. p-AMPK and p-FOXO3a also translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus by metformin in HDF, but not in AsPC-1 cells. Transfection of si-FOXO3a in HDF increased ROS levels, while wt-FOXO3a-transfected AsPC-1 cells decreased ROS levels. Metformin combined with apigenin increased ROS levels dramatically and decreased cell viability in various cancer cells including AsPC-1 cells, with each drug used singly having a minimal effect. Metformin/apigenin combination synergistically decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in AsPC-1 cells but to a lesser extent in HDF cells. Metformin/apigenin combination in AsPC-1 cells increased DNA damage-, apoptosis-, autophagy- and necroptosis-related factors, but not in HDF cells. Oral administration with metformin/apigenin caused dramatic blocks tumor size in AsPC-1-xenografted nude mice. Our results suggest that metformin in cancer cells differentially regulates cellular ROS levels via AMPK-FOXO3a-MnSOD pathway and combination of metformin/apigenin exerts anticancer activity through DNA damage-induced apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis by cancer cell-specific ROS amplification.
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21
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An In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of the Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effect of Flavone Apigenin against SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:5552664. [PMID: 34239802 PMCID: PMC8241515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5552664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important class of natural compounds with successful preclinical results in the management of cancer is the flavonoids. Due to the plethora of biological activities, apigenin (4',5,7 trihydroxyflavone) is a main representant of the flavone subclass. Although the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of apigenin were studied on a significant number of human and murine melanoma cell lines, in order to complete the data existing in the literature, the aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro effect of apigenin on SK-MEL-24 human melanoma cell line as well as in vivo on tumor angiogenesis using the aforementioned cell line on the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Results have shown that in the range of tested doses, the phytocompound presents significant antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and antimigratory potential at 30 μM, respectively, 60 μM. Moreover, the phytocompound in both tested concentrations limited melanoma cell growth and migration and induced a reduced angiogenic reaction limiting melanoma cell development.
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22
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Mancini MCS, Ponte LGS, Silva CHR, Fagundes I, Pavan ICB, Romeiro SA, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Rostagno MA, Simabuco FM, Bezerra RMN. Beetroot and leaf extracts present protective effects against prostate cancer cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and growth signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5241-5258. [PMID: 34132433 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) has high nutritional value, containing bioactive compounds such as betalains and flavonoids. Scientific evidence points to the use of these natural compounds in the treatment of several types of cancer, such as prostate cancer, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in men. Here, we compared beet roots and leaves extracts, and their main compounds, apigenin, and betanin, respectively, in DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Both cells presented the proliferation decreased for beetroot and beet leaves extracts. The apigenin treatment also reduced the proliferation of both cell lines. Regarding cell migration, beet leaves extract was able to decrease the scratch area in both cell lines, whereas apigenin affected only PC-3 cells' migration. In colony formation assay, both extracts were effective in reducing the number of colonies formed. Besides, the beet leaves extracts and apigenin presented strong inhibition of growth-related signaling pathways in both cell lines, and the beetroot extract and betanin presented effects only in DU-145 cells. Furthermore, the extracts and isolated compounds were able to reduce the levels of apoptotic and cell cycle proteins. This study reveals that beet extracts have important anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Cayo Henrique Rocha Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Isabella Fagundes
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil.,Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stefhani Andrioli Romeiro
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Maurício Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
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Xia Y, Chen R, Lu G, Li C, Lian S, Kang TW, Jung YD. Natural Phytochemicals in Bladder Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652033. [PMID: 33996570 PMCID: PMC8120318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural small-molecule compounds derived from plants that have attracted attention for their anticancer activities. Some phytochemicals have been developed as first-line anticancer drugs, such as paclitaxel and vincristine. In addition, several phytochemicals show good tumor suppression functions in various cancer types. Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor of the urinary system. To date, few specific phytochemicals have been used for bladder cancer therapy, although many have been studied in bladder cancer cells and mouse models. Therefore, it is important to collate and summarize the available information on the role of phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer. In this review, we summarize the effects of several phytochemicals including flavonoids, steroids, nitrogen compounds, and aromatic substances with anticancer properties and classify the mechanism of action of phytochemicals in bladder cancer. This review will contribute to facilitating the development of new anticancer drugs and strategies for the treatment of bladder cancer using phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruijiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guangzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taek-Won Kang
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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24
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Wang SM, Yang PW, Feng XJ, Zhu YW, Qiu FJ, Hu XD, Zhang SH. Apigenin Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Affecting the Expression of microRNA Transcriptome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657665. [PMID: 33959508 PMCID: PMC8095173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin, as a natural flavonoid, has low intrinsic toxicity and has potential pharmacological effects against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms involving microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes regulated by apigenin in the treatment of HCC have not been addressed. Objective In this study, the molecular mechanisms of apigenin involved in the prevention and treatment of HCC were explored in vivo and in vitro using miRNA transcriptomic sequencing to determine the basis for the clinical applications of apigenin in the treatment of HCC. Methods The effects of apigenin on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion of human hepatoma cell line Huh7 and Hep3B were studied in vitro, and the effects on the tumorigenicity of Huh7 cells were assessed in vivo. Then, a differential expression analysis of miRNAs regulated by apigenin in Huh7 cells was performed using next-generation RNA sequencing and further validated by qRT-PCR. The potential genes targeted by the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using a curated miRTarBase miRNA database and their molecular functions were predicted using Gene Ontology and KEGG signaling pathway analysis. Results Compared with the control treatment group, apigenin significantly inhibited Huh7 cell proliferation, cell cycle, colony formation, and cell invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, apigenin reduced tumor growth, promoted tumor cell necrosis, reduced the expression of Ki67, and increased the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the xenograft tumors of Huh7 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the miRNA transcriptome showed that hsa-miR-24, hsa-miR-6769b-3p, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-6892-3p, hsa-miR-7107-5p, hsa-miR-1273g-3p, hsa-miR-1343, and hsa-miR-6089 were the most significantly up-regulated miRNAs, and their key gene targets were MAPK1, PIK3CD, HRAS, CCND1, CDKN1A, E2F2, etc. The core regulatory pathways of the up-regulated miRNAs were associated with the hepatocellular carcinoma pathway. The down-regulated miRNAs were hsa-miR-181a-5p and hsa-miR-148a-3p, and the key target genes were MAPK1, HRAS, STAT3, FOS, BCL2, SMAD2, PPP3CA, IFNG, MET, and VAV2, with the core regulatory pathways identified as proteoglycans in cancer pathway. Conclusion Apigenin can inhibit the growth of HCC cells, which may be mediated by up-regulation or down-regulation of miRNA molecules and their related target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Jun Qiu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jia X, Huang C, Hu Y, Wu Q, Liu F, Nie W, Chen H, Li X, Dong Z, Liu K. Cirsiliol targets tyrosine kinase 2 to inhibit esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:105. [PMID: 33731185 PMCID: PMC7972218 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer with a low 5 year survival rate. Identification of new therapeutic targets and its inhibitors remain essential for ESCC prevention and treatment. Methods TYK2 protein levels were checked by immunohistochemistry. The function of TYK2 in cell proliferation was investigated by MTT [(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and anchorage-independent cell growth. Computer docking, pull-down assay, surface plasmon resonance, and kinase assay were used to confirm the binding and inhibition of TYK2 by cirsiliol. Cell proliferation, western blot and patient-derived xenograft tumor model were used to determine the inhibitory effects and mechanism of cirsiliol in ESCC. Results TYK2 was overexpressed and served as an oncogene in ESCC. Cirsiliol could bind with TYK2 and inhibit its activity, thereby decreasing dimer formation and nucleus localization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Cirsiliol could inhibit ESCC growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions TYK2 is a potential target in ESCC, and cirsiliol could inhibit ESCC by suppression of TYK2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01903-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Chuntian Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Nie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Cho CJ, Yu CP, Wu CL, Ho JY, Yang CW, Yu DS. Decreased drug resistance of bladder cancer using phytochemicals treatment. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:128-135. [PMID: 33280258 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the ability of phytochemicals to overcome the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of bladder cancer. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic sensitivity of T24-GCB cells, a GCB resistant cell line, to different phytochemicals, including capsaicin, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol, and their combination with gemcitabine. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of membranous ABCC2 and metabolic proteins, DCK, TK1, and TK2 in tumor cells. Animal models were used to confirm the treatment efficacy of phytochemicals in combination with gemcitabine to bladder cancer. The observed/expected ratio of cytotoxicity analysis revealed that capsaicin has synergistic effect with gemcitabine to T24-GCB cells in a dose-dependent pattern. Quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol have additive effect with gemcitabine to T24-GCB cells. Capsaicin and quercetin alone and combination with gemcitabine decreased the expression of ABCC2 and DCK and TKs, in T24-GCB cells. On the contrary, resveratrol and curcumin alone and combination with gemcitabine increased the expression of ABCC2 but decreased cytoplasmic kinases simultaneously. In xenografted subcutaneous tumor model on nude mice, combination treatment of capsaicin and gemcitabine demonstrated the highest tumor suppression effect when compared to capsaicin or gemcitabine treatment alone. The MDR of bladder cancer is closely related to membranous ABCC2, cytoplasmic DCK, and TKs expression. Capsaicin owns the strongest synergistic cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine to T24-GCB cells. This combination regimen may provide as an adjunctive treatment for overcoming MDR in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Cho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Jar-Yi Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Dah-Shyong Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
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Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Chemopreventive Role of Apigenin against the Synergistic Carcinogenesis of Human Papillomavirus and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110472. [PMID: 33158065 PMCID: PMC7694184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and human papillomavirus (HPV) are both crucial causes of cancer, and their cooperative carcinogenesis has drawn more attention in recent years. Apigenin (AP), a typical flavonoid abundantly found in flowers of plants, vegetables, and fruits, has been demonstrated to exert an anti-carcinogenic effect on various types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the capability of AP against malignant transformation and DNA damage of immortalized human esophageal epithelial (SHEE) cells induced by the synergism of HPV18 and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The results indicated that the enhancement of migration, invasion, and proliferation ability of SHEE cells induced by HPV and NNK could be effectively inhibited by AP. Moreover, the levels of pyridyloxybutylated (POB)-DNA adducts induced by NNK via P450-catalyzed metabolic activation could also be significantly suppressed by AP. Further analyses on the molecular mechanism revealed that AP inhibited the synergistic carcinogenesis of NNK and HPV on SHEE cells by reducing the expression of mutp53, CDK4, Cyclin D1, and p-Rb (Ser 780), increasing caspase-3 activity, thereby arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase and promoting apoptosis of SHEE cells. We hypothesize that the decrease in NNK-induced POB-DNA adduct levels is related to the deactivation of P450 by AP, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. This study highlights that AP may be employed as a promising chemopreventive agent against cancers in smokers with an HPV infection.
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Leclair HM, Tardif N, Paris A, Galibert MD, Corre S. Role of Flavonoids in the Prevention of AhR-Dependent Resistance During Treatment with BRAF Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145025. [PMID: 32708687 PMCID: PMC7404066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi and MEKi) are the standard of care for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in patients with BRAFV600E mutations, greatly improving progression-free survival. However, the acquisition of resistance to BRAFi and MEKi remains a difficult clinical challenge, with limited therapeutic options available for these patients. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids as specific AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor) transcription factor antagonists in combination with BRAFi. Experimental Design: Experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo with various human melanoma cell lines (mutated for BRAFV600E) sensitive or resistant to BRAFi. We evaluated the role of various flavonoids on cell sensitivity to BRAFi and their ability to counteract resistance and the invasive phenotype of melanoma. Results: Flavonoids were highly effective in potentiating BRAFi therapy in human melanoma cell lines by increasing sensitivity and delaying the pool of resistant cells that arise during treatment. As AhR antagonists, flavonoids counteracted a gene expression program associated with the acquisition of resistance and phenotype switching that leads to an invasive and EMT-like phenotype. Conclusions: The use of natural flavonoids opens new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of patients with BRAF-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse M. Leclair
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Nina Tardif
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anaïs Paris
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Hospital University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (M.-D.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sébastien Corre
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.-D.G.); (S.C.)
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Sathua K, Srivastava S, Flora SJS. MiADMSA ameliorate arsenic induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110257. [PMID: 32474354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arsenicosis is a major threat to public health and is a major cause of the development of urinary bladder cancer. Oxidative/ nitrosative stress is one of the key factors for these effects but the involvement of other associated factors is less known. There is a lack of data for the efficacy of chelator against urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The present study demonstrates the early signs of arsenic exposed urinary bladder carcinogenesis and its attenuation by Monoisoamyl dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA). METHODS Male rats were exposed to 50 ppm of sodium arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) via drinking water for 18 weeks and treated with MiADMSA (50 mg/kg, orally once daily for 5 days) for 3 weeks with a gap one week between the two courses of treatments. We compared in vivo data with in vitro by co-exposing 100 nM of sodium arsenite and DMA to rat (NBT-II) as well as human transitional epithelial carcinoma (T-24) cells with 100 nM of MiADMSA. RESULTS The data showed that sodium arsenite and DMA exposure significantly increased the tissue arsenic contents, ROS, TBARS levels, catalase, SOD activities and significantly decreased GSH level which might be responsible for an increased 8-OHdG level. These changes might have increased pro-oncogenic biomarkers like MMP-9 and survivin in serum, bladder tissues, NBT-II, and T-24 cells. High cell migration and clonogenic potential in NBT-II and T-24 cells exposed to arsenic suggest pronounced carcinogenic potential. Significant recovery in these biomarkers was noted on treatment with MiADMSA. CONCLUSION Early signs of urinary bladder carcinogenesis were observed in arsenic and DMA exposed rats which were linked to metal accumulation, oxidative/ nitrosative stress, 8-OHdG, MMP-9 and survivin which were reduced by MiADMSA possibly via its efficient chelation abilities in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshirod Sathua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Sakshi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India.
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Putting the Brakes on Tumorigenesis with Natural Products of Plant Origin: Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Actions and Immune Targets for Bladder Cancer Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051213. [PMID: 32414171 PMCID: PMC7290334 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although the incidence in men is 4 times higher than that in women, the diagnoses are worse for women. Over the past 30 years, the treatment for bladder cancer has not achieved a significant positive effect, and the outlook for mortality rates due to muscle-invasive bladder cancer and metastatic disease is not optimistic. Phytochemicals found in plants and their derivatives present promising possibilities for cancer therapy with improved treatment effects and reduced toxicity. In this study, we summarize the promising natural products of plant origin with anti-bladder cancer potential, and their anticancer mechanisms—especially apoptotic induction—are discussed. With the developments in immunotherapy, small-molecule targeted immunotherapy has been promoted as a satisfactory approach, and the discovery of novel small molecules against immune targets for bladder cancer treatment from products of plant origin represents a promising avenue of research. It is our hope that this could pave the way for new ideas in the fields of oncology, immunology, phytochemistry, and cell biology, utilizing natural products of plant origin as promising drugs for bladder cancer treatment.
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Priosoeryanto BP, Rostantinata R, Harlina E, Nurcholis W, Ridho R, Sutardi LN. In vitro antiproliferation activity of Typhonium flagelliforme leaves ethanol extract and its combination with canine interferons on several tumor-derived cell lines. Vet World 2020; 13:931-939. [PMID: 32636590 PMCID: PMC7311872 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.931-939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tumor disorder is one of the degenerative diseases that affected human and animals and recently is tend to increase significantly. The treatment of tumor diseases can be performed through surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological substances, and herbs medicine. Typhonium flagelliforme leaves extract known to have an antiproliferation activity, while interferons (IFNs) one of the cytokines that first used as an antiviral agent was also known to have antitumor activity. Nowadays, the treatment of tumors using a traditional way, including the use of herbal substances, becomes popular. Some limitations of the antitumor activity due to resistant development of the cell to some substances were one of the problems on why the treatment of cancer was unsuccessful. This study aimed to elaborate the synergistic effect on the antiproliferation and anti-angiogenesis activities of the combinations between T. flagelliforme leaves ethanol extract and canine natural (natural canine IFN [nCaIFN]) and recombinant (recombinant canine IFN [rCaIFN]) IFNs on tumor-derived cell lines to find the new potential antitumor substances. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extraction of T. flagelliforme leaves was performed using the maceration method and followed by phytochemical screening assays. According to the result of LC50 by the brine shrimp lethality test, the dose used for T. flagelliforme extract was 120 ppm while the dose of IFNs was 102 U/ml. The tumor-derived cell lines (canine squamous cell carcinoma [CSCC], canine mammary gland benign mixed tumor/MCM-IPB-B3, and feline squamous cell carcinoma [FSCC]) and normal rabbit endothelial cells were cultured and maintained on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium DMEM/Ham-F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotic, and antifungal. The antiproliferation activity was assayed by calculated the total cell number after treated with the tested substances. The antiangiogenesis assay was performed using in vitro method on rabbit normal endothelial cells and in ovo using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). RESULTS The phytochemical screening test of the T. flagelliforme leaves ethanol extract indicated that the compound consisted of flavonoid, steroid, and tannin. The antiproliferation activity was increased in the combination of substances compared to the single exposure of each substance on all tested tumor-derived cell lines. There was no significantly different on the antiproliferation activity between a combination of T. flagelliforme with nCaIFN or rCaIFN in every single tested cell lines, but the comparison of this activity among the three tumor-derived cell lines seem that the antiproliferation activity is more effective on CSCC cell lines compared to the canine mammary gland benign mixed tumor and FSCC cell lines. A similar pattern of synergistic effect was also detected on the anti-angiogenesis activity in vitro using rabbit endothelial cells as well as in ovo assays. The most effective of the in vitro and in ovo anti-angiogenesis activity was observed on the combination substances between T. flagelliforme extract and rCaIFN compared to other treatments. CONCLUSION There was a synergistic effect on the antiproliferation and antiangiogenesis activities of the combination between T. flagelliforme and canine IFNs (natural and recombinant) and this result could be developed as another alternative on the cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Riski Rostantinata
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Eva Harlina
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Waras Nurcholis
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rachmi Ridho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gunadarma University, Depok, Indonesia
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Malekara E, Pazhouhi M, Rashidi I, Jalili C. Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect of Iranian snake ( Vipera raddei kurdistanica) venom on human breast cancer cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:76-86. [PMID: 32180819 PMCID: PMC7053288 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.278717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women around the world. Despite new advances in cancer therapy, breast cancer remains a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Snake venom is a poisonous mixture of different molecules, such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, amino acids, lipids, proteins, and peptides. Previous studies demonstrated that some snake venoms showed in vitro anti-cancer effects. In this study, the effects of the Iranian snake (Vipera raddei kurdistanica) venom on breast cancer cells were investigated. Experimental approach: The effect of increasing concentrations of snake venom on breast cell viability was assessed by trypan blue, MTT, and lactate dehydrogenase measurements. Apoptosis was detected and quantified by fluorescent staining and DNA fragmentation assay. The expression level of some apoptotic-related genes was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The Western blotting method was also used to detect the protein expression profiles in the cells. Findings / Results: After treatment for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the cell viability was significantly reduced in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The venom effect on normal breast cells was significantly smaller than cancer cells (P > 0.05). Apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The RT-PCR and western blot data confirmed the increase of apoptosis in cells treated with venom. Conclusion and implications: These data suggested that the vipera raddei kurdistanica venom had a cytotoxic property via activation of apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Malekara
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mona Pazhouhi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
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Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020457. [PMID: 32059369 PMCID: PMC7071196 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids, their anticancer activity and its mechanisms of action.
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Huang S, Yu M, Shi N, Zhou Y, Li F, Li X, Huang X, Jin J. Apigenin and Abivertinib, a novel BTK inhibitor synergize to inhibit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in vivo and vitro. J Cancer 2020; 11:2123-2132. [PMID: 32127939 PMCID: PMC7052937 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical extracted from fruits and vegetables, has shown anti-neoplastic effects in a variety of malignant tumors. DLBCL is the most common type of aggressive lymphoma in adults with a poor prognosis. Small-molecule inhibitors like BTK inhibitors have demonstrated extended period of disease control. Whereas the effects of the synergetic inhibition of the two have not been elucidated. Methods: We assessed the efficacy of Apigenin alone or combined with Abivertinib to inhibit DLBCL progression. Cell viability was examined using the cell proliferation cell proliferation assay (MTS). Apoptotic cells and cell cycle evaluation were detected by Annexin V-FITC and DNA staining solution respectively. Western blot was used to explore the potential mechanism, and the in vivo effects of the two drugs were performed by a DLBCL xenograft BALB/c nude mice model. Results: Our results demonstrated that Apigenin can inhibit the proliferation and clone forming of DLBCL cells. Apigenin also induces apoptosis by down-regulating BCL-XL and activating Caspase family. In addition, Apigenin down-regulates cell cycle proteins including CDK2/CDK4/CDK6/CDC2/p-RB to increase G2/M phase arrest. Mechanically, our data demonstrate that Apigenin leads to a significant reduction of the expression of pro-proliferative pathway PI3K/mTOR to inhibit DLBCL cells survival. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo results show that Apigenin can synergize with Abivertinib, a novel BTK inhibitor, in treating DLBCL visa synergistically inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the p-GS3K-β and its downstream targets. Conclusions: Collectively, our study suggests that Apigenin exerts improving anti-lymphoma effect of BTK inhibitors and provides hope to targeted therapy of those develop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First people's hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Shi
- The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Chen WN, Hu N, Banwell MG, Ma C, Gardiner MG, Lan P. Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Apigenin-Derived Isolaxifolin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2451-2459. [PMID: 31465218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rare flavonoid isolaxifolin, a potent insecticide, has been touted as a potential grain-protecting agent. In order to assess any impact of this natural product on human health and to explore its various other biological properties, we have established a semisynthesis from the simpler but structurally related and more abundant natural product apigenin. The five-step reaction sequence has provided, for the first time, sufficient material for an in-depth evaluation of the cytotoxic properties of the title natural product. The impact of isolaxifolin on certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells has also been examined. Such studies have revealed that isolaxifolin displays no toxic effects toward normal cells while displaying greater cytotoxicities against certain cancer cell lines than its synthetic precursor apigenin. Furthermore, unlike apigenin, isolaxifolin only reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a rather modest and dose-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Chenxi Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
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Li A, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang R, Liu J, Liu X, Xie Y, Cao W, Xu R, Ma Y, Cai W, Wu B, Cai S, Tang X. BEZ235 increases sorafenib inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5573-5585. [PMID: 31632530 PMCID: PMC6789287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway. However, sorafenib loses effectiveness because most tumors acquire drug resistance over time. As the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is also activated abnormally in HCC, we evaluated the effect of sorafenib, in combination with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, BEZ235, on HCC cell proliferation and survival in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological phenotypes were analysed in HCC cell lines, parental and sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2 and HepG2R), treated with sorafenib or BEZ235, alone or in combination. HCC cellular proliferation and apoptosis were investigated, and perturbations of the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling/survival pathways were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS BEZ235 enhanced sorafenib inhibition of cellular proliferation, migration, and promotion of apoptosis in HepG2 and HepG2R cells. The combined effects were associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and S6K in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, whereas the combination of sorafenib and BEZ235 did not significantly alter the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway compared with the effect of sorafenib alone. CONCLUSION Sorafenib/BEZ235 combination has potent anti-HCC cell activity. This anti-tumor activity is most likely multi-factorial, mainly involving PI3K down-regulation and AKT, mTOR and S6K dephosphorylation. Combined inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MAPK pathways enhances sorafenib inhibition of HCC. The results of these in vitro studies suggest that trials of combined sorafenib and BEZ235 in the treatment of HCC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Li
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Rongbo Zhang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Yinci Zhang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Ruikai Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Jiachang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Xinkuang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Yinghai Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Weiya Cao
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Yongfang Ma
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Wenpeng Cai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Binquan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233004, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
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Sarbu LG, Shova S, Peptanariu D, Sandu IA, Birsa LM, Bahrin LG. The Cytotoxic Properties of Some Tricyclic 1,3-Dithiolium Flavonoids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132459. [PMID: 31277454 PMCID: PMC6651846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms, new classes of antibiotics are needed. In this paper, we present the cytotoxic effects of five tricyclic flavonoids, one of which was previously identified as a potent antimicrobial agent. METHODS All five derivatives were tested against human HOS and MCF7 cancer cell lines using a wound scratch assay. The cytotoxic properties of previously reported flavonoid 4a were also evaluated using the standard MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) and live/dead assays, using NHDF, HOS and MCF7 cell lines. RESULTS All five derivatives were found to inhibit to some degree the proliferation of cancer cells. 4a was also found to be less toxic towards regular versus cancerous human cells. Moreover, the minimum bactericidal concentration of 4a against Staphylococcus aureus was found to be non-toxic for any of the tested human cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Derivative 4a has the potential of being used as a therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms. Further structure optimization is required for use against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G. Sarbu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Chemistry, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Intelcenter. 41A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Peptanariu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Intelcenter. 41A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Isabela A. Sandu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Intelcenter. 41A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian M. Birsa
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Chemistry, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.M.B.); bahrin.lucian@icmpp (L.G.B.)
| | - Lucian G. Bahrin
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Chemistry, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Intelcenter. 41A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.M.B.); bahrin.lucian@icmpp (L.G.B.)
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Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki M, Bagheri M, Ghanadian M, Aghaei M, Jafari SM. Centaurea cyanus
extracted 13‐O‐acetylsolstitialin A decrease Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and expression of cyclin D1/Cdk‐4 to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18309-18319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan I.R. Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan I.R. Iran
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Rossi M, Strikoudi P, Spei ME, Parpinel M, Serraino D, Montella M, Libra M, La Vecchia C, Rosato V. Flavonoids and bladder cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:527-535. [PMID: 30903485 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flavonoids have drawn attention because of their antioxidant capacity and anti-carcinogenic effect in various types of cancer. A limited number of studies has investigated their potential effect on the risk of bladder cancer, with inconsistent results. METHODS We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study including 690 incident bladder cancer cases and 665 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic, non tobacco-related diseases. Subjects were interviewed using a reproducible and validated food-frequency questionnaire. We applied data on food and beverage composition to estimate the intake of isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones and flavonols. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for potential confounding factors, including tobacco smoking and total energy intake. RESULTS We found an inverse association between isoflavones (OR for the highest compared to the lowest quintile of intake = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.84) and flavones (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.44-0.95) and bladder cancer. Non-significant inverse association was found for flavan-3-ols (OR = 0.70), flavonols (OR = 0.85) and total flavonoids (OR = 0.76). The results were consistent for non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate an inverse association between isoflavones and flavones with respect to bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Panagiota Strikoudi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institution of Thessaloniki, P.C. 57400, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Spei
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Unit of Epidemiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola 1, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Section of Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology, Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosato
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Antwi CA, Amisigo CM, Adjimani JP, Gwira TM. In vitro activity and mode of action of phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007206. [PMID: 30802252 PMCID: PMC6405172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. The disease remains a global threat to public health requiring effective chemotherapy for control and treatment. In this study, the effect of some selected phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani was investigated. The compounds were screened for their anti-leishmanial activities against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The dose dependent effect and cytotoxicity of the compounds were determined by the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of the compounds on the cell cycle. Parasite morphological analysis was done by microscopy and growth kinetic studies were conducted by culturing cells and counting at 24 hours intervals over 120 hours. The cellular levels of iron in promastigotes treated with compounds was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and the effect of compounds on the expression of iron dependent enzymes was investigated using RT-qPCR. The IC50 of the compounds ranged from 16.34 μM to 198 μM compared to amphotericin B and deferoxamine controls. Rosmarinic acid and apigenin were the most effective against the promastigote and the intracellular amastigote forms. Selectivity indexes (SI) of rosmarinic acid and apigenin were 15.03 and 10.45 respectively for promastigotes while the SI of 12.70 and 5.21 respectively was obtained for intracellular amastigotes. Morphologically, 70% of rosmarinic acid treated promastigotes showed rounded morphology similar to the deferoxamine control. About 30% of cells treated with apigenin showed distorted cell membrane. Rosmarinic acid and apigenin induced cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase in promastigotes. Elevated intracellular iron levels were observed in promastigotes when parasites were treated with rosmarinic acid and this correlated with the level of expression of iron dependent genes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The data suggests that rosmarinic acid exerts its anti-leishmanial effect via iron chelation resulting in variable morphological changes and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Achiaa Antwi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Cynthia Mmalebna Amisigo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Partt Adjimani
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Theresa Manful Gwira
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Abotaleb M, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Varghese S, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids in Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010028. [PMID: 30597838 PMCID: PMC6357032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Although, there are many different approaches to cancer treatment, they are often painful due to adverse side effects and are sometimes ineffective due to increasing resistance to classical anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. Targeting delayed/inhibited apoptosis is a major approach in cancer treatment and a highly active area of research. Plant derived natural compounds are of major interest due to their high bioavailability, safety, minimal side effects and, most importantly, cost effectiveness. Flavonoids have gained importance as anti-cancer agents and have shown great potential as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, a summary of flavonoids and their effectiveness in cancer treatment targeting apoptosis has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
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AlBasher G, AlKahtane AA, Alarifi S, Ali D, Alessia MS, Almeer RS, Abdel-Daim MM, Al-Sultan NK, Al-Qahtani AA, Ali H, Alkahtani S. Methotrexate-induced apoptosis in human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells via ROS-mediated bax/bcl-2-cyt-c release cascading. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:21-30. [PMID: 30588027 PMCID: PMC6301295 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The communication between a substance and a cell may depend on whether the cell is normal or pathological. The disease cells and drug interaction may occasionally overcome beneficial action of the drug; subsequently, it is important to investigate the effect of the drug in both the normal and target cells. This study aimed to evaluate the methotrexate (MTX) antiproliferative effect and explore the mechanistic approach to investigate the cell death index in SKOV-3 ovarian cells during treatment with MTX. Methods In vitro studies of SKOV-3 cells were examined by tetrazolium assay after exposure to various concentrations of MTX. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, and AO/EtBr staining morphological analysis of necrotic/apoptotic cells were detected; cellular impairment in mitochondria and DNA was confirmed by JC-1 mitotracker/DAPI, respectively, and cell death pathway markers; bax/bcl-2 were analyzed. Results A dose-dependent antiproliferative effect of MTX treatment was observed in SKOV-3 cells; the prominent inhibitory concentration was 40 µM of MTX (P<0.01). The growth inhibition rates of the cancer cells reached 24.07% in MTX. The MTX showed increase in ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA integrity cells collectively advocated the apoptotic cell death at higher concentration. In addition, the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction also supported the apoptosis by upregulating the bax and downregulating the bcl-2 (P<0.01). Thus the MTX moderately provokes apoptosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MTX acts on SKOV-3 cancer cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels, leading to DNA damage and altering the MMP along with apoptotic gene upregulation. This mechanism may provide new therapeutic targets to improve tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadah AlBasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A AlKahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alessia
- Department of Biology, Science College, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud, Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa S Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nouf K Al-Sultan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Chemistry Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India,
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Escobar SJDM, Fong GM, Winnischofer SMB, Simone M, Munoz L, Dennis JM, Rocha MEM, Witting PK. Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities of the flavonoid isoliquiritigenin in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:77-87. [PMID: 30502331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with high mortality. We evaluated the capacity of the flavonoid, isoliquiritigenin (4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone; ISL) to inhibit cellular proliferation and migration in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Incubation of cultured SH-SY5Y cells with 20-100 μM ISL decreased cell confluency (15-70%) after 24 h incubation, while 10-100 μM ISL (24 h) depleted intracellular ATP stores (15-90% vs vehicle-treated control) after 24 h incubation. ISL-mediated cell toxicity did not involve intracellular caspase 3/7 activation, externalization of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane or stimulation of TNF and IL-1β release, all indicating that the flavonoid did not induce apoptosis. Pre-treatment of cells with necrostatin-1, a necroptosis inhibitor, significantly restored ATP levels (ATP levels increased 12-42%) in ISL-treated neuroblastoma cells indicative of enhanced viability. By contrast, RIP1 phosphorylation status remained unchanged in cells treated with ISL although the intracellular ratio of phosphorylated/total parental RIP1 increased after ISL treatment on SH-SY5Y cells indicating that ISL decreased levels of native RIP1. In addition, ISL treatment inhibited SH-SY5Y cell migration/proliferation in a scratch assay and arrested cell cycle transition by significantly decreasing the number of cells in G0/G1 phase and increasing populations by ~10% in S (primarily) and G2/M (lesser extent) phases. The intracellular ratio of phosphorylated/total ERK 1/2 and p38 remained unchanged after ISL treatment (up to 40 μM); ERK activation was only determined at ISL dose well above the experimental IC50 value as judged by ELISA analyses and this did not correlate with ISL cytotoxicity at lower dose <40 μM; Western blot assay confirmed the detection of phosphorylated (p-)ERK1/2 and (p-)p38 in ISL treated cells. Together the results suggest that ISL exerts anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity on SHSY5Y cells through the loss of ATP, induction of cell cycle arrest, and cell death largely via a necroptotic mechanism in the absence of apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane J de M Escobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Genevieve M Fong
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Simone
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dennis
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Eliane M Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paul K Witting
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Kashyap D, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Sak K, Garg VK, Buttar HS, Setzer WN, Sethi G. Apigenin: A natural bioactive flavone-type molecule with promising therapeutic function. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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46
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Xia Y, Yuan M, Li S, Thuan UT, Nguyen TT, Kang TW, Liao W, Lian S, Jung YD. Apigenin Suppresses the IL-1β-Induced Expression of the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor by Inhibiting MAPK-Mediated AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7663-7673. [PMID: 29945448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a glycoprotein localized on the cell surface with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, plays a crucial role in cell invasion, and the metastasis of several cancers, including bladder cancer, and its expression are significantly negatively correlated with patient survival rates. Apigenin, a naturally produced phytochemical compound found in fruits, vegetables, and plant leaves, has been shown to mediate a variety of cancer-metastasis-related molecules in various cancers. The effect of apigenin on uPAR expression is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of apigenin on IL-1β-induced uPAR expression and investigated its potential mechanisms. We discovered in this study that IL-1β could remarkably induce uPAR expression in bladder cancer T24 cells and that apigenin-inhibited IL-1β could induce uPAR expression concentration-dependently. Interestingly, NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors were critically required for IL-1β-induced high uPAR expression. Apigenin suppressed the transcriptional activity of both AP-1 and NF-κB by inhibiting ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. These results suggest that apigenin can exert anti-invasion effects by inhibiting uPAR expression via mediating (ERK1/2, JNK)/AP-1 and (ERK1/2, JNK)/NF-κB signaling pathways in human T24 cells. Our present study generated novel and valuable biological insight into anti-invasion through treatment with a small native compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 501-190 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | | | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 501-190 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Trong Thuan
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 501-190 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 501-190 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 501-190 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sen Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochip , Guangzhou , 510515 , Guangdong , China
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 501-190 , Republic of Korea
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Apigenin inhibits C5a-induced proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through down-regulation of C5aR. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180456. [PMID: 29685955 PMCID: PMC6048209 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement 5a (C5a) is able to induce the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Therefore, an effective method or drug that can specifically inhibit C5a-induced proliferation of human NPC cells needs to be developed. Reportedly, Apigenin has antiproliferative effects on a variety of cancer cells. However, the effect of Apigenin on NPC cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism are still unclear. Herein, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Apigenin on C5a-induced proliferation of human NPC cells and its possible mechanism through down-regulation of C5aR. We revealed that Apigenin in vitro could not only inhibit proliferation of NPC cells and but also reduce the expression of C5aR and P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) as well as the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in NPC cells. Furthermore, Apigenin reduced the proliferation of human NPC cells triggered by C5a through negative regulation of C5aR/PCAF/STAT3 axis. These might provide a new insight into the function of Apigenin in cancer treatment, and also provide a potential strategy for treating human NPC through inhibition of C5aR expression on cancer cells.
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48
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Yang J, Pi C, Wang G. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by apigenin induces apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:699-707. [PMID: 29680738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a dietary flavonoid with known antioxidant and antitumor effects against several types of cancers by promoting cell death and inducing cell cycle arrest. Apigenin also regulates a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways during apoptosis or autophagy. However, the precise mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of apigenin in liver cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that apigenin has anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Apigenin inhibited the cell growth and induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. We found that apigenin treatment increased the expression of LC3-II and the number of GFP-LC3 puncta. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA and Atg5 gene silencing strengthened apigenin-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Our data has indicated that apigenin-induced autophagy has a protective effect against cell death. Additionally, apigenin induced apoptosis and autophagy through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Most importantly, in vivo data showed that administration of apigenin decreased tumor growth and autophagy inhibition by 3-MA significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of apigenin. Collectively, our results reveal that apigenin inhibits cell proliferation and induces autophagy via suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our results also suggest combination of autophagy inhibitors and apigenin would be a potential chemotherapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Mental Health Center, Zaozhuang, 277103, China
| | - Cuicui Pi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Mental Health Center, Zaozhuang, 277103, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, No.41 of Longtou Middle Road, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang, 277100, China.
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Maeda Y, Takahashi H, Nakai N, Yanagita T, Ando N, Okubo T, Saito K, Shiga K, Hirokawa T, Hara M, Ishiguro H, Matsuo Y, Takiguchi S. Apigenin induces apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 simultaneously via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in colon cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1661-1673. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Nanako Ando
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishiguro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
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Grigalius I, Petrikaite V. Relationship between Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Trihydroxyflavones. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122169. [PMID: 29215574 PMCID: PMC6149854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have been highlighted not only as chemopreventive, but also as potential anticancer substances. Flavones are a subclass of natural flavonoids reported to have an antioxidant and anticancer activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of seventeen trihydroxyflavone derivatives, including apigenin (API) and baicalein (BCL). Also, we wanted to find out if there is a correlation between those two effects. Cell growth inhibition testing was carried out using MTT assay in three different human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and brain epithelial (U87). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Thirteen trihydroxyflavones possessed anticancer activity against at least one tested cancer cell line. They were more active against the MCF-7 cell line, and the lowest activity was determined against the U87 cell line. The majority of compounds inhibited cancer cell growth at EC50 values between 10-50 µM. The most active compound was 3',4',5-trihydroxyflavone 7, especially against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The correlation between anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity was only moderate, and it was determined for A549 and U87 cancer cell lines. The most important fragment for those two effects is the ortho-dihydroxy group in ring B. CONCLUSIONS Trihydroxyflavones demonstrated anticancer activity. Further and more detailed studies should to be carried out to estimate the structure-activity relationship of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Grigalius
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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