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Lee SAK, Merlo L, Dominici F. Childhood PM 2.5 exposure and upward mobility in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401882121. [PMID: 39250663 PMCID: PMC11420190 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401882121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it is well documented that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of several adverse health outcomes, less is known about its relationship with economic opportunity. Previous studies have relied on regression modeling, which implied strict assumptions regarding confounding adjustments and did not explore geographical heterogeneity. We obtained data for 63,165 US census tracts (86% of all census tracts in the United States) on absolute upward mobility (AUM) defined as the mean income rank in adulthood of children born to families in the 25th percentile of the national income distribution. We applied and compared several state-of-the-art confounding adjustment methods to estimate the overall and county-specific associations of childhood exposure to PM2.5 and AUM controlling for many census tract-level confounders. We estimate that census tracts with a 1 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 concentrations in 1982 are associated with a statistically significant 1.146% (95% CI: 0.834, 1.458) lower AUM in 2015, on average. We also showed evidence that this relationship varies spatially between counties, exhibiting a more pronounced negative relationship in the Midwest and the South.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Merlo
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome00163, Italy
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA02115
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Khalili R, Legaspi JM, Fabian MP, Levy JI, Korrick SA, Vieira VM. Multiple prenatal exposures and acute-care clinical encounters for asthma among children born to mothers living near a Superfund site. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:1088-1096. [PMID: 38576180 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposures are associated with childhood asthma, and risk may increase with simultaneous exposures. Pregnant women living in lower-income communities tend to have elevated exposures to a range of potential asthma risk factors, which may interact in complex ways. We examined the association between prenatal exposures and the risk of childhood acute-care clinical encounters for asthma (hospitalizations, emergency department visits, observational stays) using conditional logistic regression with a multivariable smoothing term to model the interaction between continuous variables, adjusted for maternal characteristics and stratified by sex. All births near the New Bedford Harbor (NBH) Superfund site (2000-2006) in New Bedford, Massachusetts, were followed through 2011 using the Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal (PELL) Data System to identify children aged 5-11 years with acute-care clinical asthma encounters (265 cases among 7787 children with follow-up). Hazard ratios (HRs) were higher for children living closer to the NBH site with higher umbilical cord blood lead levels than in children living further away from the NBH site with lower lead levels (P <.001). HRs were higher for girls (HR = 4.17; 95% CI, 3.60-4.82) than for boys (HR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.46-2.02). Our results suggest that prenatal lead exposure in combination with residential proximity to the NBH Superfund site is associated with childhood asthma acute-care clinical encounters. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases pediatric respiratory healthcare encounters in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. Environ Health 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38622704 PMCID: PMC11017546 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Evaluating while accounting for these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health is becoming more important. METHODS We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on children's respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated healthcare events. The main outcome measure included individual-based address located respiratory-related healthcare visits for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for ages 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis with distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 14 prior-days modified by temperature or season. RESULTS For asthma, increases of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 exposure 7-13 days prior a healthcare visit date was associated with increased odds that were magnified during median to colder temperatures and winter periods. For LRTIs, 1 µg/m3 increases during 12 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 6-12 days before healthcare visit date was associated with elevated LRTI events, also heightened in median to colder temperatures but no seasonal effect was observed. For URTIs, 1 unit increases during 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 4-10 days prior event date was associated with greater risk for URTIs visits that were intensified during median to hotter temperatures and spring to summer periods. CONCLUSIONS Delayed, short-term exposure increases of PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three pediatric respiratory healthcare visit categories in a sparsely population area of the inter-Rocky Mountains, USA. PM2.5 in colder temperatures tended to increase instances of asthma and LRTIs, while PM2.5 during hotter periods increased URTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Landguth
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Jonathon Knudson
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jon Graham
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Ava Orr
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Emily A Coyle
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Paul Smith
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Community Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Erin O Semmens
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Curtis Noonan
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3438033. [PMID: 37886498 PMCID: PMC10602161 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3438033/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health. Methods We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on childhood respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated hospitalizations. The main outcome measure included all respiratory-related hospital admissions for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for all individuals aged 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis and distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 15 prior-days modified by temperature or season. Results Short-term exposure increases of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three respiratory hospital admission categories. PM2.5 was associated with the largest increased odds of hospitalizations for asthma at lag 7-13 days [1.87(1.17-2.97)], for LRTI at lag 6-12 days [2.18(1.20-3.97)], and for URTI at a cumulative lag of 13 days [1.29(1.07-1.57)]. The impact of PM2.5 varied by temperature and season for each respiratory outcome scenario. For asthma, PM2.5 was associated most strongly during colder temperatures [3.11(1.40-6.89)] and the winter season [3.26(1.07-9.95)]. Also in colder temperatures, PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of LRTI hospitalization [2.61(1.15-5.94)], but no seasonal effect was observed. Finally, 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 prior to admissions date was associated with the greatest increased odds of URTI hospitalization during summer days [3.35(1.85-6.04)] and hotter temperatures [1.71(1.31-2.22)]. Conclusions Children's respiratory-related hospital admissions were associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. PM2.5 associations with asthma and LRTI hospitalizations were strongest during cold periods, whereas associations with URTI were largest during hot periods. Classification environmental public health, fine particulate matter air pollution, respiratory infections.
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Moore CM, Thornburg J, Secor EA, Hamlington KL, Schiltz AM, Freeman KL, Everman JL, Fingerlin TE, Liu AH, Seibold MA. Breathing zone pollutant levels are associated with asthma exacerbations in high-risk children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.22.23295971. [PMID: 37790375 PMCID: PMC10543064 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.23295971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Indoor and outdoor air pollution levels are associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, few studies have evaluated whether breathing zone pollutant levels associate with asthma outcomes. Objective Determine breathing zone exposure levels of NO 2 , O 3 , total PM 10 and PM 10 constituents among children with exacerbation-prone asthma, and examine correspondence with in-home and community measurements and associations with outcomes. Methods We assessed children's personal breathing zone exposures using wearable monitors. Personal exposures were compared to in-home and community measurements and tested for association with lung function, asthma control, and asthma exacerbations. Results 81 children completed 219 monitoring sessions. Correlations between personal and community levels of PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 were poor, whereas personal PM 10 and NO 2 levels correlated with in-home measurements. However, in-home monitoring underdetected brown carbon (Personal:79%, Home:36.8%) and ETS (Personal:83.7%, Home:4.1%) personal exposures, and detected black carbon in participants without these personal exposures (Personal: 26.5%, Home: 96%). Personal exposures were not associated with lung function or asthma control. Children experiencing an asthma exacerbation within 60 days of personal exposure monitoring had 1.98, 2.21 and 2.04 times higher brown carbon (p<0.001), ETS (p=0.007), and endotoxin (p=0.012), respectively. These outcomes were not associated with community or in-home exposure levels. Conclusions Monitoring pollutant levels in the breathing zone is essential to understand how exposures influence asthma outcomes, as agreement between personal and in-home monitors is limited. Inhaled exposure to PM 10 constituents modifies asthma exacerbation risk, suggesting efforts to limit these exposures among high-risk children may decrease their asthma burden. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In-home and community monitoring of environmental pollutants may underestimate personal exposures. Levels of inhaled exposure to PM 10 constituents appear to strongly influence asthma exacerbation risk. Therefore, efforts should be made to mitigate these exposures. CAPSULE SUMMARY Leveraging wearable, breathing-zone monitors, we show exposures to inhaled pollutants are poorly proxied by in-home and community monitors, among children with exacerbation-prone asthma. Inhaled exposure to multiple PM 10 constituents is associated with asthma exacerbation risk.
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Hu B, Tang J, Xu G, Shao D, Huang H, Li J, Chen H, Chen J, Zhu L, Chen S, Shen B, Jin L, Xu L. Combined exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 in reductions of physiological development among preterm birth: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017 in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146283. [PMID: 37564430 PMCID: PMC10410271 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) has been linked with ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure. However, data are limited between physiological development of PTB and PM exposure. Methods Trimester and season-specific PM exposure including PM2.5 and PM10 was collected from Jiaxing between January 2014 and December 2017. Information about parents and 3,054 PTB (gestational age < 37 weeks) outcomes such as weight (g), head circumference (cm), chest circumference (cm), height (cm) and Apgar 5 score were obtained from birth records. We used generalized linear models to assess the relationship between PTB physiological developmental indices and PM2.5, PM10 and their combined exposures. A binary logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between exposures and low birth weight (LBW, < 2,500 g). Results Results showed that there were 75.5% of low birth weight (LBW) infants in PTB. Decreased PM2.5 and PM10 levels were found in Jiaxing from 2014 to 2017, with a higher PM10 level than PM2.5 each year. During the entire pregnancy, the highest median concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was in winter (61.65 ± 0.24 vs. 91.65 ± 0.29 μg/m3) followed by autumn, spring and summer, with statistical differences in trimester-specific stages. After adjusting for several potential factors, we found a 10 μg/m3 increase in joint exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 during the entire pregnancy associated with reduced 0.02 week (95%CI: -0.05, -0.01) in gestational age, 7.9 g (95%CI: -13.71, -2.28) in birth weight, 0.8 cm in height (95%CI: -0.16, -0.02), 0.05 cm (95%CI: -0.08, - 0.01) in head circumference, and 0.3 (95%CI: -0.04, -0.02) in Apgar 5 score, except for the chest circumference. Trimester-specific exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 sometimes showed an opposite effect on Additionally, PM2.5 (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.68) was correlated with LBW. Conclusion Findings in this study suggest a combined impact of fine particulate matter exposure on neonatal development, which adds to the current understanding of PTB risk and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongliang Shao
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafei Huang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintong Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjin Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shipiao Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limin Jin
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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George PE, Maillis A, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Lane PA, Lam W, Lipscomb J, Ebelt S. Are children with sickle cell disease at particular risk from the harmful effects of air pollution? Evidence from a large, urban/peri-urban cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30453. [PMID: 37248172 PMCID: PMC10684822 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathophysiologic pathways of sickle cell disease (SCD) and air pollution involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial damage. It is therefore plausible that children with SCD are especially prone to air pollution's harmful effects. METHODS Patient data were collected from a single-center, urban/peri-urban cohort of children with confirmed SCD. Daily ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 ) were collected via satellite-derived remote-sensing technology, and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), and ozone from local monitoring stations. We used multivariable regression to quantify associations of pollutant levels and daily counts of emergency department (ED) visits, accounting for weather and time trends. For comparison, we quantified the associations of pollutant levels with daily all-patient (non-SCD) ED visits to our center. RESULTS From 2010 to 2018, there were 17,731 ED visits by 1740 children with SCD (64.8% HbSS/HbSβ0 ). Vaso-occlusive events (57.8%), respiratory illness (17.1%), and fever (16.1%) were the most common visit diagnoses. Higher 3-day (lags 0-2) rolling mean PM2.5 and CO levels were associated with daily ED visits among those with SCD (PM2.5 incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.051 [95% confidence interval: 1.010-1.094] per 9.4 μg/m3 increase; CO 1.088 [1.045-1.132] per 0.5 ppm). NO2 showed positive associations in secondary analyses; ozone levels were not associated with ED visits. The comparison, all-patient ED visit analyses showed lower IRR for all pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest short-term air pollution levels as triggers for SCD events and that children with SCD may be more vulnerable to air pollution than those without SCD. Targeted pollution-avoidance strategies could have significant clinical benefits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. George
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta GA
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Atlanta GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Alexander Maillis
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Yijing Zhu
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta GA
| | - Yang Liu
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta GA
| | - Peter A. Lane
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Wilbur Lam
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Joseph Lipscomb
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Atlanta GA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta GA
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Wang J, Yan Y, Si H, Li J, Zhao Y, Gao T, Pi J, Zhang R, Chen R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Jiang M. The effect of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure on the lung and gut microbiomes and the regulation of Nrf2. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114702. [PMID: 36950983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The influence of air pollution on human health has sparked widespread concerns across the world. Previously, we found that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in our "real-ambient exposure" system can result in reduced lung function. However, the mechanism of organ-specific toxicity is still not fully elucidated. The balance of the microbiome contributes to maintaining lung and gut health, but the changes in the microbiome under PM2.5 exposure are not fully understood. Recently, crosstalk between nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the microbiome was reported. However, it is unclear whether Nrf2 affects the lung and gut microbiomes under PM2.5 exposure. In this study, wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-/- (KO) mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) and real ambient PM2.5 (PM) in the " real-ambient exposure" system to examine changes in the lung and gut microbiomes. Here, our data suggested microbiome dysbiosis in lung and gut of KO mice under PM2.5 exposure, and Nrf2 ameliorated the microbiome disorder. Our study demonstrated the detrimental impacts of PM2.5 on the lung and gut microbiome by inhaled exposure to air pollution and supported the protective role of Nrf2 in maintaining microbiome homeostasis under PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea fisheries research institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Honglin Si
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yaseen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Li Z, Shi P, Chen Z, Zhang W, Lin S, Zheng T, Li M, Fan L. The association between ethylene oxide exposure and asthma risk: a population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24154-24167. [PMID: 36334203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene oxide (EO) is a reactive epoxide. However, the association between EO exposure and the risk of developing asthma in humans is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between EO exposure and the risk of developing asthma in the general US population. In this cross-sectional study, data of 2542 patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2016 were obtained and analyzed. Hemoglobin adducts of EO (HbEO) level be used as the main factor for predicting EO exposure. The association between the level of EO exposure and the risk of developing asthma was evaluated with logistic regression models and dose-response analysis curves of restricted cubic spline function. Mediation analysis and linear regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the association between EO exposure and inflammation indicators. According to the quartiles of HbEO level, the patients were divided into four groups. The results indicated that an increased HbEO level was associated with a higher risk of asthma onset. Compared with the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest quartile was 1.960 (95% CI: 1.348-2.849, P = 0.003). After being adjusted for numerous potential confounders, the OR of quartile 4 relative to quartile 1 was 1.991 (95% CI: 1.359-2.916, P = 0.001). Consistent results were also obtained in most subgroup analyses and dose-response analysis curves. In addition, EO levels were positively correlated with the inflammatory indicators (P = 0.006 for WBC, P = 0.015 for lymphocyte, and P = 0.015 for neutrophil). This study revealed a positive correlation between the level of EO exposure and the risk of asthma in a representative US population. In addition, inflammatory response may prove to be a potential biological mechanism underlying EO-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Li
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Pingfan Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhibo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shumeng Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Pulmonary Nodules Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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10
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Kapszewicz K, Podlecka D, Polańska K, Stelmach I, Majak P, Majkowska-Wojciechowska B, Tymoniuk B, Jerzyńska J, Brzozowska A. Home Environment in Early-Life and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Asthma and Allergic Diseases among Inner-City Children from the REPRO_PL Birth Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11884. [PMID: 36231188 PMCID: PMC9564989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that, in our REPRO_PL cohort, exposure to indoor allergens and lifestyle factors in early life are associated with risk of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis at ten years of age. METHODS We only examined children who had lived in the same house from birth. Children's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed based on cotinine levels in urine. House dust samples were collected. RESULTS Higher Fel d1 concentration in house dust was associated with significantly higher risk of developing asthma at age 10 years (95% CI,10.87 to 20.93; p < 0.001). Frequent house cleaning was associated with development of atopic dermatitis (odds ratio 0.61; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.99; p = 0.045). Clustering of exposure to HDM revealed two types of environment. Cluster 1, defined as lower HDM (dust), in contrast to Cluster 2, defined as higher HDM, was characterized by old-type windows, lower fungus and dampness levels, as well as more frequent house cleaning. CONCLUSION Exposure to cat allergens and new-type buildings that limit air flow while increasing the condensation of steam on the windows and thereby stimulating the growth of fungi are risk factors for the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kapszewicz
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka Street 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniela Podlecka
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka Street 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Polańska
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka Street 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Majak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Bogusław Tymoniuk
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Jerzyńska
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka Street 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brzozowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka Street 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
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11
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New Homogeneous Spatial Areas Identified Using Case-Crossover Spatial Lag Grid Differences between Aerosol Optical Depth-PM2.5 and Respiratory-Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations. ATMOSPHERE 2022; 13:1-33. [PMID: 36003277 PMCID: PMC9393882 DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal use of Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM)-assembled aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 fused surfaces in epidemiologic studies requires homogeneous temporal and spatial fused surfaces. No analytical method is available to evaluate spatial heterogeneity. The temporal case-crossover design was modified to assess the spatial association between four experimental AOD-PM2.5 fused surfaces and four respiratory–cardiovascular hospital events in 12 km2 grids. The maximum number of adjacent lag grids with significant odds ratios (ORs) identified homogeneous spatial areas (HOSAs). The largest HOSA included five grids (lag grids 04; 720 km2) and the smallest HOSA contained two grids (lag grids 01; 288 km2). Emergency department asthma and inpatient asthma, myocardial infarction, and heart failure ORs were significantly higher in rural grids without air monitors than in urban grids with air monitors at lag grids 0, 1, and 01. Rural grids had higher AOD-PM2.5 concentration levels, population density, and poverty percentages than urban grids. Warm season ORs were significantly higher than cold season ORs for all health outcomes at lag grids 0, 1, 01, and 04. The possibility of elevated fine and ultrafine PM and other demographic and environmental risk factors synergistically contributing to elevated respiratory–cardiovascular chronic diseases in persons residing in rural areas was discussed.
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12
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Hsieh WC, Lai CY, Lin HW, Tu DG, Shen TJ, Lee YJ, Hsieh MC, Chen CC, Han HH, Chang YY. Luteolin attenuates PM2.5-induced inflammatory responses by augmenting HO-1 and JAK-STAT expression in murine alveolar macrophages. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2022605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Che Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Department, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Hsuan Han
- College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Guo X, Shi Y, Gu J, Chen F, Xu H, He Z, Yang Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residues and the carcinogenic risk assessment to pregnant women in Nantong, China using QuEChERS method and HPLC-A pilot case study. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5117. [PMID: 33742483 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with a modified QuEChERS extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in blood serum was developed to investigate the internal exposure level and the carcinogentic toxicity contribution rate of PAHs for pregnant women in Nantong, China. Venous blood (n = 48) was collected in the local hospital and the internal exposure level of 16 PAHs and the contribution rate of carcinogenicity to pregnant women were analyzed. Among all of the detected PAHs, the detection rate of pyrene (77.08%) was the highest, followed by naphthalene (64.58%) and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA, 45.83%). The carcinogenicity contribution rate of BaA (37.37%) was the highest, followed by fluorene (32.96%) and acenaphthylene (22.01%). The results showed that many kinds of carcinogenic PAHs can be detected in the serum of pregnant women in Nantong city, among which BaA should be paid most attention because of its high internal exposure level and carcinogenic risk. Meanwhile, the origins of general PAHs in serum samples were analyzed using the characteristic ratio analysis method. The PAH pollution level of air samples (n = 42) during the collection time of blood samples was also analyzed to compare the possible correlations between the two different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Guo
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China.,Department of Biological Laboratory, Nantong Key Laboratory of Health Emergency Testing, Nantong, China
| | - Yukun Shi
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China.,Department of Biological Laboratory, Nantong Key Laboratory of Health Emergency Testing, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China.,Department of Biological Laboratory, Nantong Key Laboratory of Health Emergency Testing, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China.,Department of Biological Laboratory, Nantong Key Laboratory of Health Emergency Testing, Nantong, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Chemical Laboratory, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China.,Department of Biological Laboratory, Nantong Key Laboratory of Health Emergency Testing, Nantong, China
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14
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Smallcombe CC, Harford TJ, Linfield DT, Lechuga S, Bokun V, Piedimonte G, Rezaee F. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exaggerate respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L481-L496. [PMID: 32640839 PMCID: PMC7518063 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. While most develop a mild, self-limiting illness, some develop severe acute lower respiratory infection and persistent airway disease. Exposure to ambient particulate matter has been linked to asthma, bronchitis, and viral infection in multiple epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that coexposure to nanoparticles worsens RSV-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) or a combination of TiO2-NP and RSV. Structure and function of epithelial cell barrier were analyzed. Viral titer and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated. In vivo, mice were intranasally incubated with TiO2-NP, RSV, or a combination. Lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were harvested for analysis of airway inflammation and apical junctional complex (AJC) disruption. RSV-induced AJC disruption was amplified by TiO2-NP. Nanoparticle exposure increased viral infection in epithelial cells. TiO2-NP induced generation of ROS, and pretreatment with antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, reversed said barrier dysfunction. In vivo, RSV-induced injury and AJC disruption were augmented in the lungs of mice given TiO2-NP. Airway inflammation was exacerbated, as evidenced by increased white blood cell infiltration into the BAL, along with exaggeration of peribronchial inflammation and AJC disruption. These data demonstrate that TiO2-NP exposure exacerbates RSV-induced AJC dysfunction and increases inflammation by mechanisms involving generation of ROS. Further studies are required to determine whether NP exposure plays a role in the health disparities of asthma and other lung diseases, and why some children experience more severe airway disease with RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie C Smallcombe
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Terri J Harford
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Debra T Linfield
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vladimir Bokun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Centre for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Earth Observation Data Supporting Non-Communicable Disease Research: A Review. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12162541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A disease is non-communicable when it is not transferred from one person to another. Typical examples include all types of cancer, diabetes, stroke, or allergies, as well as mental diseases. Non-communicable diseases have at least two things in common—environmental impact and chronicity. These diseases are often associated with reduced quality of life, a higher rate of premature deaths, and negative impacts on a countries’ economy due to healthcare costs and missing work force. Additionally, they affect the individual’s immune system, which increases susceptibility toward communicable diseases, such as the flu or other viral and bacterial infections. Thus, mitigating the effects of non-communicable diseases is one of the most pressing issues of modern medicine, healthcare, and governments in general. Apart from the predisposition toward such diseases (the genome), their occurrence is associated with environmental parameters that people are exposed to (the exposome). Exposure to stressors such as bad air or water quality, noise, extreme heat, or an overall unnatural surrounding all impact the susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. In the identification of such environmental parameters, geoinformation products derived from Earth Observation data acquired by satellites play an increasingly important role. In this paper, we present a review on the joint use of Earth Observation data and public health data for research on non-communicable diseases. We analyzed 146 articles from peer-reviewed journals (Impact Factor ≥ 2) from all over the world that included Earth Observation data and public health data for their assessments. Our results show that this field of synergistic geohealth analyses is still relatively young, with most studies published within the last five years and within national boundaries. While the contribution of Earth Observation, and especially remote sensing-derived geoinformation products on land surface dynamics is on the rise, there is still a huge potential for transdisciplinary integration into studies. We see the necessity for future research and advocate for the increased incorporation of thematically profound remote sensing products with high spatial and temporal resolution into the mapping of exposomes and thus the vulnerability and resilience assessment of a population regarding non-communicable diseases.
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16
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Watterson A, Dinan W. Lagging and Flagging: Air Pollution, Shale Gas Exploration and the Interaction of Policy, Science, Ethics and Environmental Justice in England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4320. [PMID: 32560334 PMCID: PMC7344855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The science on the effects of global climate change and air pollution on morbidity and mortality is clear and debate now centres around the scale and precise contributions of particular pollutants. Sufficient data existed in recent decades to support the adoption of precautionary public health policies relating to fossil fuels including shale exploration. Yet air quality and related public health impacts linked to ethical and environmental justice elements are often marginalized or missing in planning and associated decision making. Industry and government policies and practices, laws and planning regulations lagged well behind the science in the United Kingdom. This paper explores the reasons for this and what shaped some of those policies. Why did shale gas policies in England fail to fully address public health priorities and neglect ethical and environmental justice concerns. To answer this question, an interdisciplinary analysis is needed informed by a theoretical framework of how air pollution and climate change are largely discounted in the complex realpolitik of policy and regulation for shale gas development in England. Sources, including official government, regulatory and planning documents, as well as industry and scientific publications are examined and benchmarked against the science and ethical and environmental justice criteria. Further, our typology illustrates how the process works drawing on an analysis of official policy documents and statements on planning and regulatory oversight of shale exploration in England, and material from industry and their consultants relating to proposed shale oil and gas development. Currently the oil, gas and chemical industries in England continue to dominate and influence energy and feedstock-related policy making to the detriment of ethical and environmental justice decision making with significant consequences for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Watterson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - William Dinan
- Communications, Media & Culture, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK;
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17
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Ahn K, Lee H, Lee HD, Kim SC. Extensive evaluation and classification of low-cost dust sensors in laboratory using a newly developed test method. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:137-146. [PMID: 31639236 PMCID: PMC6972986 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An extensive evaluation of low-cost dust sensors was performed using an exponentially decaying particle concentration. A total of 264 sensors including 27 sensors with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 237 sensors with laser lighting sources were tested. Those tested sensors were classified into 4 groups based on the deviation from the reference data obtained by a reference instrument. The response linearities of all the tested samples for PM1 , PM2.5 , and PM10 were in excellent agreement with the reference instrument, except a few samples. For the measurements of PM1 and PM2.5 , the lighting source, that is, LED or laser, did not show any significant difference in overall sensor performance. However, LED-based sensors did not perform well for PM10 measurements. The 32, 24, and 16% of all the tested sensors for PM1 , PM2.5 , and PM10 measurement, respectively, are in the category of Class 1 (reference instrument reading ± 20%) requirement. The performance of the low-cost dust sensors for PM10 measurement was relatively less satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang‐Ho Ahn
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringHanyang UniversityERICAAnsanKorea
| | - Handol Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringHanyang UniversityERICAAnsanKorea
| | - Hae Dong Lee
- Korea Conformity LaboratoriesGeumcheon-Gu, SeoulKorea
| | - Sang Chul Kim
- Korea Conformity LaboratoriesGeumcheon-Gu, SeoulKorea
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18
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Odebeatu CC, Taylor T, Fleming LE, J. Osborne N. Phthalates and asthma in children and adults: US NHANES 2007-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28256-28269. [PMID: 31368075 PMCID: PMC6791917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to phthalates may contribute to an increased risk of asthma in children and adults. We aimed to assess the direction and strength of the association between urinary phthalates metabolites and current asthma in children and adults that participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. Data on ten urinary phthalate metabolites, self-reported questionnaires, spirometry measures, and covariates were obtained from 7765 participants (28.1% were children aged 6-17 years) taking part in the NHANES 2007-2012. Asthma was assessed using self-reported questionnaires for children and adults, and via spirometry measures for adults alone. We used crude and adjusted logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) per one log10 unit change in the concentration of phthalate metabolites. We further modeled the effect modification by sex. Out of 10 metabolites, only mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was positively associated with the prevalence of self-reported asthma in children, after adjusting for a range of potential confounders (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.27). No significant relationship was observed for adults. The association of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) was modified by sex, with significantly increased odds of asthma among males [boys (2.00; 1.14-3.51); adult males (1.32; 1.04-1.69)]. While no other phthalates showed a positive relationship with current asthma in males, mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP) and mono-(3-carboxylpropyl) phthalate (MCPP) were inversely associated with spirometrically defined asthma in adult females. A sex-specific relationship in adults was evident when spirometry, but not self-reported measures were used to define asthma. We found no clear association between exposure to phthalates and current asthma, except for a significant relationship between MBzP metabolites and self-reported asthma in children. As a result, exposure to phthalates and asthma development and/or exacerbations remains controversial, suggesting a need for a well-designed longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonso Christian Odebeatu
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD UK
| | - Timothy Taylor
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD UK
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD UK
| | - Nicholas J. Osborne
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD UK
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, 2052 Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006 Australia
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19
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Sánchez-Soberón F, Rovira J, Sierra J, Mari M, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. Seasonal characterization and dosimetry-assisted risk assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM 10-2.5, PM 2.5-0.25, and PM 0.25) collected in different schools. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:287-296. [PMID: 31146100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) has been linked to serious adverse health effects, such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. In the present study, coarse (PM10-2.5), accumulation mode (PM2.5-0.25), and quasi-ultrafine (PM0.25) particulates were collected inside twelve educative centers of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain) during two seasons (cold and warm). Chemical characterization of PM, as well as risk assessment were subsequently conducted in order to evaluate respiratory and digestive risks during school time for children. Levels and chemical composition of PM were very different among the 12 centers. Average PM levels were higher during the cold season, as well as the concentrations of most toxic metals. In most schools, PM levels were below the daily PM10 threshold established in the regulation (50 μg/m3), with the exception of school number 1 during the cold season. On average, and regardless of season, coarse PM was highly influenced by mineral matter, while organic matter and elemental carbon were prevalent in quasi-ultrafine PM. The concentrations of the toxic elements considered by the legislation (As, Cd, Pb, and Ni) were below their correspondent regulatory annual limits. Calculated risks were below the safety thresholds, being fine fractions (PM2.5-0.25 and PM0.25) the main contributors to both digestive and respiratory risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Soberón
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Khalili R, Bartell SM, Levy JI, Fabian MP, Korrick S, Vieira VM. Using Birth Cohort Data to Estimate Prenatal Chemical Exposures for All Births around the New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site in Massachusetts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:87008. [PMID: 31449464 PMCID: PMC6792387 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born near New Bedford, Massachusetts, have been prenatally exposed to multiple environmental chemicals, in part due to an older housing stock, maternal diet, and proximity to the New Bedford Harbor (NBH) Superfund site. Chemical exposure measures are not available for all births, limiting epidemiologic investigations and potential interventions. OBJECTIVE We linked biomonitoring data from the New Bedford Cohort (NBC) and birth record data to predict prenatal exposures for all contemporaneous area births. METHODS We used prenatal exposure biomarker data from the NBC, a population-based cohort of 788 mother-infant pairs born during 1993–1998 to mothers living near the NBH, linked to their corresponding Massachusetts birth record data, to build predictive models for cord serum polychlorinated biphenyls (expressed as a sum, [Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text] (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), cord blood lead (Pb), and maternal hair mercury (Hg). We applied the best fit models (highest pseudo [Formula: see text]), with multivariable smooths of continuous variables, to predict exposure biomarkers for all 10,270 births during 1993–1998 around the NBH. We used 10-fold cross validation to validate the exposure models and the bootstrap method to characterize sampling variability in the exposure predictions. RESULTS The 10-fold cross-validated [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text], DDE, HCB, Pb, and Hg exposure models were 0.54, 0.40, 0.34, 0.46, and 0.40, respectively. For each exposure model, multivariable smooths of continuous variables improved the fit compared with linear models. Other variables with significant effects on exposure estimates were paternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, and maternal ancestry. The resulting exposure predictions for all births had variability consistent with the NBC measured exposures. CONCLUSIONS Predictive models using multivariable smoothing explained reasonable amounts of variance in prenatal exposure biomarkers. Our analyses suggest that prenatal chemical exposures can be predicted for all contemporaneous births in the same geographic area by modeling available biomarker data for a subset of that population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Khalili
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Scott M. Bartell
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonathan I. Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Verónica M. Vieira
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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21
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Yang M, Chu C, Bloom MS, Li S, Chen G, Heinrich J, Markevych I, Knibbs LD, Bowatte G, Dharmage SC, Komppula M, Leskinen A, Hirvonen MR, Roponen M, Jalava P, Wang SQ, Lin S, Zeng XW, Hu LW, Liu KK, Yang BY, Chen W, Guo Y, Dong GH. Is smaller worse? New insights about associations of PM 1 and respiratory health in children and adolescents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:516-524. [PMID: 30153645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little is known about PM1 effects on respiratory health, relative to larger size fractions (PM2.5). To address this literature gap, we assessed associations between PM1 exposure and asthmatic symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents, compared with PM2.5. METHODS A total of 59,754 children, aged 2-17 years, were recruited from 94 kindergartens, elementary and middle schools in the Seven Northeast Cities (SNEC) study, during 2012-2013. We obtained information on asthma and asthma-related symptoms including wheeze, persistent phlegm, and persistent cough using a standardized questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society. PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using a spatial statistical model matched to the children's geocoded home addresses. To examine the associations, mixed models with school/kindergarten as random intercept were used, controlling for covariates. RESULTS Odds ratios (ORs) of doctor-diagnosed asthma associated with a 10-μg/m3 increase for PM1 and PM2.5 were 1.56 (95% CI: 1.46-1.66) and 1.50 (1.41-1.59), respectively, and similar pattern were observed for other outcomes. Interaction analyses indicated that boys and the individuals with an allergic predisposition may be vulnerable subgroups. For example, among children with allergic predisposition, the ORs for doctor diagnosed asthma per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1 was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.60-1.83), which was stronger than in their counterparts (1.46; 1.37-1.56) (pfor interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that long-term exposure to PM1 may increase the risk of asthma and asthma-related symptoms, especially among boys and those with allergic predisposition. Furthermore, these positive associations for PM1 were very similar to those for PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich 80336, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio 70211, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Si-Quan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Kang-Kang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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22
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Risk Reduction Behaviors Regarding PM 2.5 Exposure among Outdoor Exercisers in the Nanjing Metropolitan Area, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081728. [PMID: 30103552 PMCID: PMC6121644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to describe risk reduction behaviors regarding ambient particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) among outdoor exercisers and to explore potential factors influencing those behaviors in the urban area of Nanjing, China. Method: A cross-sectional convenience sample survey was conducted among 302 outdoor exercisers in May 2015. Descriptive analysis was used to describe demographics, outdoor physical activity patterns, knowledge of PM2.5 and risk reduction behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to explore factors that influence the adoption of risk reduction behaviors. Results: The most common behavior to reduce PM2.5 exposure was minimizing the times for opening windows on hazy days (75.5%), and the least common one was using air purifiers (19.3%). Two thirds of respondents indicated that they wore face masks when going outside in the haze (59.5%), but only 13.6% of them would wear professional antismog face masks. Participants adopting risk reduction behaviors regarding PM2.5 exposure tended to be females, 50–60 year-olds, those with higher levels of knowledge about PM2.5 and those who had children. Conclusions: These findings indicate the importance of improving knowledge about PM2.5 among outdoor exercisers. Educational interventions should also be necessary to guide the public to take appropriate precautionary measures when undertaking outdoor exercise in high PM2.5 pollution areas.
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23
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Fleisch AF, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Coull BA, Luttmann-Gibson H, Koutrakis P, Schwartz JD, Kloog I, Gold DR, Oken E. Prenatal Exposure to Traffic Pollution and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectory. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:771. [PMID: 30666232 PMCID: PMC6330299 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited evidence suggests an association between prenatal exposure to traffic pollution and greater adiposity in childhood, but the time window during which growth may be most affected is not known. Methods: We studied 1,649 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area pre-birth cohort. We used spatiotemporal models to estimate prenatal residential air pollution exposures and geographic information systems to estimate neighborhood traffic density and roadway proximity. We used weight and stature measurements at clinical and research visits to estimate a BMI trajectory for each child with mixed-effects natural cubic spline models. In primary analyses, we examined associations of residential PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) exposures during the third trimester and neighborhood traffic density and home roadway proximity at birth address with (1) estimated BMI at 6 month intervals through 10 years of age, (2) magnitude and timing of BMI peak and rebound, and (3) overall BMI trajectory. In secondary analyses, we examined associations of residential PM2.5 and BC exposures during the first and second trimesters with BMI outcomes. Results: Median (interquartile range; IQR) concentration of residential air pollution during the third trimester was 11.4 (1.7) μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 0.7 (0.3) μg/m3 for BC. Participants had a median (IQR) of 13 (7) clinical or research BMI measures from 0 to 10 years of age. None of the traffic pollution exposures were significantly associated with any of the BMI outcomes in covariate-adjusted models, although effect estimates were in the hypothesized direction for neighborhood traffic density and home roadway proximity. For example, greater neighborhood traffic density [median (IQR) 857 (1,452) vehicles/day x km of road within 100 m of residential address at delivery] was associated with a higher BMI throughout childhood, with the strongest associations in early childhood [e.g., per IQR increment natural log-transformed neighborhood traffic density, BMI at 12 months of age was 0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) kg/m2 higher and infancy peak BMI was 0.05 (-0.03, 0.14) kg/m2 higher]. Conclusions: We found no evidence for a persistent effect of prenatal exposure to traffic pollution on BMI trajectory from birth through mid-childhood in a population exposed to modest levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby F. Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, United States
- *Correspondence: Abby F. Fleisch
| | - Izzuddin M. Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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