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Bocca B, Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:1-35. [PMID: 38436298 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-based nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained particular interest in nanotechnology industry. They are used in various industrial processes, in biomedical applications or to improve functional properties of several consumer products. The widescale use of MNMs in the global consumer market has resulted in increases in the likelihood of exposure and risks to human beings. Human exposure to MNMs and assessment of their potential health effects through the concomitant application of biomarkers of exposure and effect of the most commonly used MNMs were reviewed in this paper. In particular, interactions of MNMs with biological systems and the nanobiomonitoring as a prevention tool to detect the early damage caused by MNMs as well as related topics like the influence of some physicochemical features of MNMs and availability of analytical approaches for MNMs testing in human samples were summarized in this review. The studies collected and discussed seek to increase the current knowledge on the internal dose exposure and health effects of MNMs, highlighting the advantages in using biomarkers in primary prevention and health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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2
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Hemmendinger M, Squillacioti G, Charreau T, Garzaro G, Ghelli F, Bono R, Sauvain JJ, Suarez G, Hopf NB, Wild P, Progiou A, Fito C, Bergamaschi E, Guseva Canu I. Occupational exposure to nanomaterials and biomarkers in exhaled air and urine: Insights from the NanoExplore international cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108157. [PMID: 37625222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The current evidence on nanomaterial toxicity is mostly derived from experimental studies making it challenging to translate it into human health risks. We established an international cohort (N = 141 workers) within the EU-LIFE project "NanoExplore" to address possible health effects from occupational exposures to nanomaterials. We used a handheld direct-reading optical particle counter to measure airborne nanoparticle number concentrations (PNC) and lung-deposited surface areas (LDSAs). Airborne particles were characterized by TEM and SEM-EDAX. We assessed oxidative/nitrosative stress with a panel of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) (8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine), inflammation (high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) and KL-6 (considered as biomarker of interstitial lung fibrosis) and urine (total antioxidant power (TAP), 8-isoprostane, and malondialdehyde). Exhaled breath sampled in gas-sampling bags were assessed for oxidative potential. These biomarkers were quantified pre-shift at the beginning of the workweek and post-shift the 4th day. Relationships between airborne nanoparticle concentration and biomarkers were assessed by multiple linear regression with log-transformed exposure and biomarker concentrations adjusted for potential confounders. We found a positive dose-response relationship for three inflammation biomarkers (IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α) in EBC with both PNC and LDSA. A negative dose-response relationship was observed between PNC and TAP. This study suggests that occupational exposures to nanoparticles can affect the oxidative balance and the innate immunity in occupationally exposed workers. However, owing to the intrinsic variability of biomarkers, the observed changes along with their health significance should be assessed in a long-term perspective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hemmendinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin - Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Charreau
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin - Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin - Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Athena Progiou
- ALCON Consultant Engineers Ltd., 18Τroias street, 11257 Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Fito
- Instituto tecnológico del embalaje, transporte y logística (ITENE), C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Guseva Canu I, Plys E, Velarde Crézé C, Fito C, Hopf NB, Progiou A, Riganti C, Sauvain JJ, Squillacioti G, Suarez G, Wild P, Bergamaschi E. A harmonized protocol for an international multicenter prospective study of nanotechnology workers: the NanoExplore cohort. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:1-19. [PMID: 36927342 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2180220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology applications are fast-growing in many industrial fields. Consequently, health effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) should be investigated. Within the EU-Life project NanoExplore, we developed a harmonized protocol of an international multicenter prospective cohort study of workers in ENM-producing companies. This article describes the development of the protocol, sample size calculation, data collection and management procedures and discusses its relevance with respect to research needs. Within this protocol, workers' ENM exposure will be assessed over four consecutive working days during the initial recruitment campaign and the subsequent follow-up campaigns. Biomonitoring using noninvasive sampling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), exhaled air, and urine will be collected before and after 4-day exposure monitoring. Both exposure and effect biomarkers, will be quantified along with pulmonary function tests and diagnosed diseases reported using a standardized epidemiological questionnaire available in four languages. Until now, this protocol was implemented at seven companies in Switzerland, Spain and Italy. The protocol is well standardized, though sufficiently flexible to include company-specific conditions and occupational hygiene measures. The recruitment, to date, of 140 participants and collection of all data and samples, enabled us launching the first international cohort of nanotechnology workers. All companies dealing with ENMs could join the NanoExplore Consortium, apply this harmonized protocol and enter in the cohort, concieved as an open cohort. Its protocol meets all requirements of a hypotheses-driven prospective study, which will assess and reassess effects of ENM exposure on workers' health by updating the follow-up of the cohort. New hypothesis could be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Plys
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Velarde Crézé
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Fito
- Institutotecnológico del embalaje, transporte y logística (ITENE), Paterna, Spain
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Bocca B, Battistini B, Leso V, Fontana L, Caimi S, Fedele M, Iavicoli I. Occupational Exposure to Metal Engineered Nanoparticles: A Human Biomonitoring Pilot Study Involving Italian Nanomaterial Workers. TOXICS 2023; 11:120. [PMID: 36850996 PMCID: PMC9962841 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have led to an increased use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and the likelihood for occupational exposures. However, how to assess such exposure remains a challenge. In this study, a methodology for human biomonitoring, based on Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS), was developed as a tool to assess the ENPs exposure of workers involved in nanomaterial activities in two Italian Companies. The method was validated for size and number concentration determination of Ag, Au, In2O3, Ir, Pd, Pt, and TiO2 NPs in urine and blood samples. The results showed the presence of In2O3 NPs in blood of exposed workers (mean, 38 nm and 10,371 particles/mL), but not in blood of controls. Silver, Au, and TiO2 NPs were found in urine (mean, Ag 29 nm and 16,568 particles/mL) or blood (mean, Au 15 nm and 126,635 particles/mL; TiO2 84 nm and 27,705 particles/mL) of workers, though these NPs were found also in controls. The presence of ENPs in both workers and controls suggested that the extra-professional exposure is a source of ENPs that cannot be disregarded. Iridium, Pd, and Pt NPs were not detected neither in blood nor in urine. Overall, the findings provided a rational basis to evaluate the exposure assessment to ENPs in cohorts of workers as part of risk assessment and risk management processes in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Caimi
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Fedele
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Luo X, Xie D, Hu J, Su J, Xue Z. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers for Populations with Occupational Exposure to Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2182. [PMID: 36358554 PMCID: PMC9687069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) is suggested to have the potential to cause harmful health effects. Activations of oxidative stress and inflammation are assumed as main contributors to NM-induced toxicity. Thus, oxidative stress- and inflammation-related indicators may serve as biomarkers for occupational risk assessment. However, the correlation between NM exposure and these biomarkers remains controversial. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to systematically investigate the alterations of various biomarkers after NM exposure. Twenty-eight studies were found eligible by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The pooled results showed NM exposure was significantly associated with increases in the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50-2.87], 4-hydroxy-2-nonhenal (HNE) (SMD = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.13-2.96), aldehydes C6-12 (SMD = 3.45; 95% CI, 2.80-4.10), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) (SMD = 2.98; 95% CI, 2.22-3.74), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU) (SMD = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.23-2.58), o-tyrosine (o-Tyr) (SMD = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.22-2.41), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr) (SMD = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.74-3.52), interleukin (IL)-1β (SMD = 1.76; 95% CI, 0.87-2.66), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (SMD = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03-2.01), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.16-0.34) and fibrinogen (SMD = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.21), and decreases in the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI, -0.52--0.11) and IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR) (SMD = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.28--0.09). Subgroup analysis indicated oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, HNE, aldehydes C6-12, 8-OHG, 5-OHMeU, o-Tyr, 3-NOTyr and GPx) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and blood samples were strongly changed by NM exposure; inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, fibrinogen and IL-6sR) were all significant in EBC, blood, sputum and nasal lavage samples. In conclusion, our findings suggest that these oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators may be promising biomarkers for the biological monitoring of occupationally NM-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianchen Hu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment, 251 Huaning Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhebin Xue
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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6
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Bello D, Chanetsa L, Christophi CA, Singh D, Setyawati MI, Christiani DC, Chotirmall SH, Ng KW, Demokritou P. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in urine and plasma of operators at six Singapore printing centers and their association with several metrics of printer-emitted nanoparticle exposures. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:913-934. [PMID: 36774544 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2175735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of nanoparticles emitted from toner-based printing equipment (TPE), such as laser printers and photocopiers, also known as PEPs, has been associated with systemic inflammation, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, and genotoxicity. Global serum metabolomics analysis in 19 healthy TPE operators found 52 dysregulated biomolecules involved in upregulation of inflammation, immune, and antioxidant responses and downregulation of cellular energetics and cell proliferation. Here, we build on the metabolomics study by investigating the association of a panel of nine urinary OS biomarkers reflecting DNA/RNA damage (8OHdG, 8OHG, and 5OHMeU), protein/amino acid oxidation (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine), and lipid oxidation (8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxy nonenal, and malondialdehyde [MDA]), as well as plasma total MDA and total protein carbonyl (TPC), with several nanoparticle exposure metrics in the same 19 healthy TPE operators. Plasma total MDA, urinary 5OHMeU, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine were positively, whereas o-tyrosine inversely and statistically significantly associated with PEPs exposure in multivariate models, after adjusting for age and urinary creatinine. Urinary 8OHdG, 8OHG, 5OHMeU, and total MDA in urine and plasma had group mean values higher than expected in healthy controls without PEPs exposure and comparable to those of workers experiencing low to moderate levels of oxidative stress (OS). The highest exposure group had OS biomarker values, most notably 8OHdG, 8OHG, and total MDA, that compared to workers exposed to welding fumes and titanium dioxide. Particle number concentration was the most sensitive and robust exposure metric. A combination of nanoparticle number concentration and OS potential of fresh aerosols is recommended for larger scale future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.,Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucia Chanetsa
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Costas A Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David C Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang Y, Bello A, Ryan DK, Demokritou P, Bello D. Elevated Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Photocopier Operators following Acute and Chronic Exposures. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040715. [PMID: 35215044 PMCID: PMC8878876 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposures to nanoparticles (NPs) from printers and photocopiers have been associated with upper airway and systemic inflammation, increased blood pressure, and cases of autoimmune and respiratory disorders. In this study we investigate oxidative stress induced by exposures to copier-emitted nanoparticles using a panel of urinary oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers representing DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; 8-hydroxyguanosine, 8-OHG; 5-hydroxymethyl uracil 5-OHMeU), lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane; 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE), and protein oxidation biomarkers (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine) under conditions of acute (single 6 h exposure, 9 volunteers, 110 urine samples) and chronic exposures (6 workers, 11 controls, 81 urine samples). Urinary biomarkers were quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction sample cleanup. 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE were significantly elevated in both the acute and chronic exposure study participants relative to the controls. In the acute exposure study, the geometric mean ratios post-/pre-exposure were 1.42, 1.10, 2.0, and 2.25, respectively. Urinary 8-OHG and HNE increased with time to at least 36 h post-exposure (post-/pre-exposure GM ratios increased to 3.94 and 2.33, respectively), suggesting slower generation and/or urinary excretion kinetics for these biomarkers. In chronically exposed operators, the GM ratios of urinary biomarkers relative to controls ranged from 1.52 to 2.94, depending on the biomarker. O-Tyrosine and 5-OHMeU biomarkers were not significantly different from the controls. 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine were not detected in the urine samples. We conclude that NPs from photocopiers induce systemic oxidative stress by damaging DNA, RNA, and lipids. Urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, HNE, and 8-isoprostane were orders of magnitude higher than in nanocomposite processing workers, comparable to nano titanium dioxide and fiberglass manufacturing workers, but much lower than in shipyard welding and carbon nanotube synthesis workers. Biomarkers 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE appear to be more sensitive and robust urinary biomarkers for monitoring oxidative stress to NPs from photocopiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.K.R.)
| | - Anila Bello
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - David K. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.K.R.)
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Møller P, Wils RS, Di Ianni E, Gutierrez CAT, Roursgaard M, Jacobsen NR. Genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotube reference materials in mammalian cells and animals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108393. [PMID: 34893158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were the first nanomaterials to be evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The categorization as possibly carcinogenic agent to humans was only applicable to multi-walled carbon nanotubes called MWCNT-7. Other types of CNTs were not classifiable because of missing data and it was not possible to pinpoint unique CNT characteristics that cause cancer. Importantly, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has established a repository of industrially manufactured nanomaterials that encompasses at least four well-characterized MWCNTs called NM-400 to NM-403 (original JRC code). This review summarizes the genotoxic effects of these JRC materials and MWCNT-7. The review consists of 36 publications with results on cell culture experiments (22 publications), animal models (9 publications) or both (5 publications). As compared to the publications in the IARC monograph on CNTs, the current database represents a significant increase as there is only an overlap of 8 publications. However, the results come mainly from cell cultures and/or measurements of DNA strand breaks by the comet assay and the micronucleus assay (82 out of 97 outcomes). A meta-analysis of cell culture studies on DNA strand breaks showed a genotoxic response by MWCNT-7, less consistent effect by NM-400 and NM-402, and least consistent effect by NM-401 and NM-403. Results from other in vitro tests indicate strongest evidence of genotoxicity for MWCNT-7. There are too few observations from animal models and humans to make general conclusions about genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Emilio Di Ianni
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Claudia Andrea Torero Gutierrez
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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9
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Vardakas P, Skaperda Z, Tekos F, Trompeta AF, Tsatsakis A, Charitidis CA, Kouretas D. An integrated approach for assessing the in vitro and in vivo redox-related effects of nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111083. [PMID: 33775680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has risen to the forefront of both the research and industrial interest, resulting in the manufacture and utilization of various nanomaterials, as well as in their integration into a wide range of fields. However, the consequent elevated exposure to such materials raises serious concerns regarding their effects on human health and safety. Existing scientific data indicate that the induction of oxidative stress, through the excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), might be the principal mechanism of exerting their toxicity. Meanwhile, a number of nanomaterials exhibit antioxidant properties, either intrinsic or resulting from their functionalization with conventional antioxidants. Considering that their redox properties are implicated in the manifestation of their biological effects, we propose an integrated approach for the assessment of the redox-related activities of nanomaterials at three biological levels (in vitro-cell free systems, cell cultures, in vivo). Towards this direction, a battery of translational biomarkers is recommended, and a series of reliable protocols are presented in detail. The aim of the present approach is to acquire a better understanding with respect to the biological actions of nanomaterials in the interrelated fields of Redox Biology and Toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis Vardakas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zografos, 157 80, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zografos, 157 80, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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10
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Wu WT, Jung WT, Lee HL. Lipid peroxidation metabolites associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation stress in workers handling carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:577-587. [PMID: 33570441 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1879303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of lipid peroxidation with occupational exposure to different types of nanomaterials (NMs). In this cross-sectional study, urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were collected from 80 NM-handling workers [30 workers handling nano-titanium oxide (nano-TiO2), 28 handling nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2), 22 handling carbon nanotubes (CNTs)], and 69 controls (office workers) from 2010 to 2012. Urinary 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α, PGF2α, and EBC 8-iso PGF2α were measured as lipid peroxidation biomarkers in 2013. A significant positive correlation was found between 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α, PGF2α, and total isoprostane in urine. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were noted between EBC 8-iso PGF2α and urinary 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α (Spearman correlation r = 0.173, p = 0.035). Exposure to nano-TiO2 resulted in significantly higher levels of urinary 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α and PGF2α, even after controlling for confounding factors. Moreover, significant associations and exposure intensity-response relationships between EBC 8-iso PGF2α and NMs were observed in workers, whether handling nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, or CNTs. Among them, the significant trends were identified based on the intensity of risk levels. These results provided evidence that exposure to nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, and CNTs may lead to lipid peroxidation in EBC. For routine biomonitoring purposes, this finding, which came through noninvasive methods, may be useful for workers exposed to NMs.HighlightsData regarding the effects of nano-titanium oxide (nano-TiO2), nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on lipid peroxidation in workers are limited.8-Iso PGF2α in exhaled breath condensate of workers exposed to nanoparticles was higher than that of office workers.Exposure to titanium oxide (TiO2) and silica (SiO2) may lead to lipid peroxidation, as indicated by 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α, and PGF2α.Examination of lipid peroxidation in EBC has seems to be a useful technique for noninvasive monitoring of workers exposed to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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11
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Ursini CL, Fresegna AM, Ciervo A, Maiello R, Del Frate V, Folesani G, Galetti M, Poli D, Buresti G, Di Cristo L, Sabella S, Iavicoli S, Cavallo D. Occupational exposure to graphene and silica nanoparticles. Part II: pilot study to identify a panel of sensitive biomarkers of genotoxic, oxidative and inflammatory effects on suitable biological matrices. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:223-237. [PMID: 33373530 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1850903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The available biomonitoring studies on workers producing/handling nanomaterials (NMs) focused on potential effects on respiratory, immune and cardio-vascular system. Aim of this study was to identify a panel of sensitive biomarkers and suitable biological matrices to evaluate particularly genotoxic and oxidative effects induced on workers unintentionally exposed to graphene or silica nanoparticles during the production process. These nanomaterials have been chosen for 'NanoKey' project, integrating the workplace exposure assessment (reported in part I) with the biomonitoring of exposed workers reported in the present work. Simultaneously to workplace exposure characterization, we monitored the workers using: Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay, fpg-comet test (lymphocytes), oxidized DNA bases 8-oxoGua, 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodGuo measurements (urine), analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), FENO measurement and cytokines release detection (serum). Since buccal cells are among the main targets of NM occupational exposure, particular attention was posed to the BMCyt assay that represents a noninvasive assay. This pilot study, performed on 12 workers vs.11 controls, demonstrates that BMCyt and fpg-comet assays are the most sensitive biomarkers of early, still reparable, genotoxic and oxidative effects. The findings suggest that these biomarkers could represent useful tools for the biomonitoring of workers exposed to nanoparticles, but they need to be confirmed on a high number of subjects. However, such biomarkers don't discriminate the effects of NM from those due to other chemicals used in the NM production process. Therefore, they could be suitable for the biomonitoring of workers exposed to complex scenario, including nanoparticles exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fresegna
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ciervo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maiello
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Frate
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Folesani
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Poli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Buresti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Luisana Di Cristo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology -IIT, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabella
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology -IIT, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Cavallo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
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12
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Ghafari J, Moghadasi N, Shekaftik SO. Oxidative stress induced by occupational exposure to nanomaterials: a systematic review. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:492-502. [PMID: 32713896 PMCID: PMC7708742 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanotechnology has increased the occupational exposure to nanomaterials. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence considers exposure to these materials to be hazardous. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effects of occupational exposure to these materials by different methods. Biological monitoring, especially the investigation of oxidative stress induced by exposure to nanomaterials, can provide useful information for researchers. This study systematically reviews studies that have investigated oxidative stress caused by occupational exposure to nanomaterials. The search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Of the 266 studies we obtained in our initial search, eventually 11 were included in our study. There is currently no specific biomarker for investigating oxidative stress induced by exposure to nanomaterials. Therefore, the reviewed studies have used different biomarkers in different biological fluids for this purpose. Also, the methods of assessing occupational exposure to nanomaterials in the investigated studies were very diverse. Given the approach of the investigated studies to biomarkers and exposure assessment methods, finding a specific biomarker for investigating exposure to nanomaterials seems unattainable. But reaching a group of biomarkers, to assess exposure to nanomaterials seems more applicable and achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Ghafari
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nargess Moghadasi
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soqrat Omari Shekaftik
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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13
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Cao Y, Li S, Chen J. Modeling better in vitro models for the prediction of nanoparticle toxicity: a review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1828521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Jiamao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
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14
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Ma R, Qi Y, Zhao X, Li X, Sun X, Niu P, Li Y, Guo C, Chen R, Sun Z. Amorphous silica nanoparticles accelerated atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE -/- mice through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CD36 up-regulation in macrophage. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:50. [PMID: 33008402 PMCID: PMC7531166 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The biosafety concern of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) is rapidly expanding alongside with its mass production and extensive applications. The cardiovascular effects of SiNPs exposure have been gradually confirmed, however, the interaction between SiNPs exposure and atherosclerosis, and the underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. Thereby, this study aimed to explore the effects of SiNPs on the progression of atherosclerosis, and to investigate related mechanisms. Results We firstly investigated the in vivo effects of SiNPs exposure on atherosclerosis via intratracheal instillation of ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet. Ultrasound microscopy showed a significant increase of pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared to the control group, and the histopathological investigation reflected a greater plaque burden in the aortic root of SiNPs-exposed ApoE−/− mice. Compared to the control group, the serum levels of total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were elevated after SiNPs exposure. Moreover, intensified macrophage infiltration and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was occurred in plaques after SiNPs exposure, as evidenced by the upregulated CD68 and CHOP expressions. Further in vitro, SiNPs was confirmed to activate ER stress and induce lipid accumulation in mouse macrophage, RAW264.7. Mechanistic analyses showed that 4-PBA (a classic ER stress inhibitor) pretreatment greatly alleviated SiNPs-induced macrophage lipid accumulation, and reversed the elevated CD36 expression induced by SiNPs. Conclusions Our results firstly revealed the acceleratory effect of SiNPs on the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, which was related to lipid accumulation caused by ER stress-mediated upregulation of CD36 expression in macrophage. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xuejing Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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