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Jamali H, Akrami F, Bouakkaz S, Dozois CM. Prevalence of specific serogroups, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from clinical cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106843. [PMID: 39117015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli infecting poultry, commonly called avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) present significant risks, to the health of both poultry and the general public. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of APEC serotypes, sequence types (ST), phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns based on 189 research papers sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Then, data were extracted from the selected studies and analyzed to assess the global distribution and characteristics of APEC strains. The metaprop codes in the Meta and Metafor packages of R as implemented in RStudio were then used to conduct meta-analysis. Among APEC strains identified from these different research reports serogroup O78 had the highest overall prevalence (16 %), followed by serogroups O2 (10 %), and O117 (8 %). The most common ST profiles were ST117 (20 %), ST140 (15 %), ST95 (12 %), and ST131 (9 %). ST117 and ST140 are known reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli in humans. Moreover, phylogenetic assessment highlighted the prevalence of phylogroups A, A1, F, D, and B2 among APEC strains indicating diversity in phylogenetic origin within poultry populations. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was notable among APEC strains against antibiotics such as tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins. This resistance may be linked to use of antimicrobials in poultry production in certain regions presenting challenges for both animal health management and human infection control. Analysis of sequences linked to adherence or virulence indicated that genes encoding adhesins (csg, fimC), iron/metal uptake (sitB, sitC, iroD) and cytotoxicity (estB, hlyF), and serum resistance (traT, iss) were highly prevalent. These factors have been reported to contribute to APEC host colonization and virulence in poultry. In summary, this overview of the characteristics of APEC highlights the pressing importance of monitoring and implementing management approaches to reduce antimicrobial resistance considering that a phylogenetic diversity of E. coli strains causes infections in both poultry and humans and represents a risk to both animal and public health. Further, determining the major conserved aspects and predominant mechanisms of virulence of APEC is critical for improving diagnostics and developing preventative measures to reduce the burden of infection caused by pathogenic E. coli in poultry and lower risks associated with foodborne transmission of E. coli to humans through poultry and poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jamali
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Fariba Akrami
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Souhaib Bouakkaz
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 R. Notre Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Charles M Dozois
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Meng J, Wang W, Ding J, Gu B, Zhou F, Wu D, Fu X, Qiao M, Liu J. The synergy effect of matrine and berberine hydrochloride on treating colibacillosis caused by an avian highly pathogenic multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104151. [PMID: 39137499 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection by multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in chickens always leads to the uselessness of antibiotics, highlighting the need for alternative antibacterial agents. Sophora flavescens and Coptis chinensis have been a classical combination used together in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas to treat diseases with similar symptoms to colibacillosis for an extended period, but the effect of their active ingredients' combination on APEC infection remains unstudied. The objective of this study was to explore the synergistic effect of matrine and berberine hydrochloride on colibacillosis caused by an isolated multidrug-resistant APEC. In this study, a highly pathogenic E. coli was isolated from the liver of a diseased chicken in a farm suspected of colibacillosis, and it was resistant to multiple antibiotics. The LD50 of the strain was approximately 3.759×108 CFU/mL. The strain harbored several antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes. Matrine and berberine hydrochloride have synergistic antibacterial effect against the isolated strain in vitro. The combined use of matrine and berberine hydrochloride exhibited synergistic effects in the treatment of APEC infection by regulating the organ indices, improving the pathological situation, decreasing the bacterial load, and regulating the inflammatory factors to enhance the survival rate of chickens in vivo. These results provided a foundation for revealing the effective effects and possible mechanisms of matrine and berberine hydrochloride as potential antimicrobial agents on diseases caused by multidrug-resistant APEC in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Meng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Weiran Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinxue Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bolin Gu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Fanting Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Desheng Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiang Fu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingyu Qiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Yoginath Bhambure S, E Costa LIC, Gatty AM, Manjunatha KG, Vittal R, Sannejal AD. Unveiling the traits of antibiotic resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli obtained from poultry waste. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01367-1. [PMID: 38809497 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) have become significant concerns, contributing to adverse environmental effects. The extensive use of antibiotics in poultry farming has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant APEC strains. This study prioritizes the molecular screening of APEC to uncover their antibiotic resistance and virulence attributes, with specific attention to their environmental impact. To address the imperative of understanding APEC pathogenesis, our study analyzed 50 poultry waste samples including 10 poultry litter, 15 fecal matter, 15 wastewater, and 10 anatomical waste samples. For the presence of virulence genes, 35 Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to molecular characterization. Amongst these, 27 were APEC strains demonstrating the presence of at least four virulence genes each. Notably, virulence genes such as fimH, ompA, ybjX, waaL, cvaC, hlyF, iss, ompT, and iroN were observed among all the E. coli isolates. Furthermore, eleven of the APEC strains exhibited resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulphonamides, and fluoroquinolones.These findings highlight the role of APEC as a potential source of environmental pollution serving as a reservoir for virulence and resistance genes. Understanding the dynamics of antibiotic resistance and virulence in APEC is essential due to its potential threat to broiler chickens and the broader population through the food chain, intensifying concerns related to environmental pollution. Recognizing the ecological impact of APEC is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate environmental pollution and safeguard the health of ecosystems and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Yoginath Bhambure
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Lakiesha Inacia Coelho E Costa
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Ashwitha M Gatty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Kavitha Guladahalli Manjunatha
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajeshwari Vittal
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Vougat Ngom R, Jajere SM, Ayissi GJ, Tanyienow A, Moffo F, Watsop HM, Mimboe LM, Mouiche MM, Schüpbach-Regula G, Carmo LP. Unveiling the landscape of resistance against high priority critically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals across Africa: A scoping review. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106173. [PMID: 38503073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid population growth in Africa is associated with an increasing demand for livestock products which in turn can lead to antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial usage in animals contributes to the emergence and selection of resistant bacteria which constitutes a serious public health threat. This study aims to review and summarize the available information on highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) resistance in livestock production in Africa. This work will help to inform future policies for controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food production chain. A scoping review was conducted according to the Cochrane handbook and following PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting. Primary research studies published after 1999 and reporting resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and Campylobacter spp to HPCIAs in poultry, cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep in Africa were searched in four databases. A total of 312 articles were included in the review. The majority of the studies (40.7) were conducted in North African countries. More than 49.0% of included studies involved poultry and 26.2% cattle. Cephalosporins and quinolones were the most studied antimicrobial classes. Of the bacteria investigated in the current review, E. coli (41.7%) and Salmonella spp (24.9%) represented the most commonly studied. High levels of resistance against erythromycin in E. coli were found in poultry (MR 96.1%, IQR 83.3-100.0%), cattle (MR 85.7%, IQR 69.2-100.0%), and pigs (MR 94.0%, IQR 86.2-94.0%). In sheep, a high level of resistance was observed in E. coli against nalidixic acid (MR 87.5%, IQR 81.3-93.8%). In goats, the low level of sensibility was noted in S. aureus against streptomycin (MR 86.8%, IQR 19.4-99.0%). The study provides valuable information on HPCIAs resistance in livestock production in Africa and highlights the need for further research and policies to address the public health risk of AMR. This will likely require an investment in diagnostic infrastructure across the continent. Awareness on the harmful impact of AMR in African countries is a requirement to produce more effective and sustainable measures to curb AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Vougat Ngom
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Saleh M Jajere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Gaspard Ja Ayissi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Akenghe Tanyienow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Moffo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Hippolyte M Watsop
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Leina M Mimboe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Mohamed Mm Mouiche
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | | | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, Ås 1433, Norway
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Bhattarai RK, Basnet HB, Dhakal IP, Devkota B. Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens. Vet World 2024; 17:480-499. [PMID: 38595648 PMCID: PMC11000482 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.480-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobials are extensively used in poultry production for growth promotion as well as for the treatment and control of diseases, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Poor selection, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobial agents may promote the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APEC. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in APEC isolated from clinical cases of colibacillosis in commercial broiler, layer, and breeder chickens. Materials and Methods A total of 487 APEC were isolated from 539 across 300 poultry farms in various regions of Nepal. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The index of AMR, such as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, resistance score (R-score), and multidrug resistance (MDR) profile, were determined. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect multiple ARGs and correlations between phenotypic and genotypic resistance were analyzed. Results The prevalence of APEC was 91% (487/539). All of these isolates were found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 41.7% of the isolates were resistant against 8-9 different antimicrobials. The antibiogram of APEC isolates overall showed the highest resistance against ampicillin (99.4%), whereas the highest intermediate resistance was observed in enrofloxacin (92%). The MAR index and R-score showed significant differences between broiler and layers, as well as between broiler breeder and layers. The number of isolates that were resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories tested was 446 (91.6%) and were classified as MDR-positive isolates. The ARGs were identified in 439 (90.1%) APEC isolates, including the most detected mobilized colistin resistance (mcr1) which was detected in the highest (52.6%) isolates. Overall, resistance gene of beta-lactam (blaTEM), mcr1, resistance gene of sulphonamide (sul1) and resistance gene of tetracycline (tetB) (in broiler), were detected in significantly higher than other tested genes (p < 0.001). When examining the pair-wise correlations, a significant phenotype-phenotype correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline with doxycycline. Similarly, a significant phenotype-genotype correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between chloramphenicol and the tetB, and colistin with blaTEM and resistance gene of quinolone (qnrA). Conclusion In this study, the current state of APEC AMR in commercial chickens is revealed for the first time in Nepal. We deciphered the complex nature of AMR in APEC populations. This information of molecular surveillance is useful to combat AMR in APEC and to contribute to manage APEC associated diseases and develop policies and guidelines to enhance the commercial chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebanta K Bhattarai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal
| | - Hom B Basnet
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal
| | - Ishwari P Dhakal
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal
| | - Bhuminand Devkota
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal
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Ali RI, El-Abdelaziz SA, Kamel MA, Murad SK, Abdallah HM, Salem GA. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli harboring carbapenem and colistin-resistant genes from poultry farms in Egypt. Open Vet J 2024; 14:459-469. [PMID: 38633163 PMCID: PMC11018422 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background eEscherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is associated with a high prevalence of human illnesses worldwide. The emergence of resistance to carbapenem and colistin compounds poses further challenges to the treatment options for these illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic pattern of resistance to carbapenem and colistin in ESBL-producing E. coli. Escherichia coli isolates collected from the respiratory tract of chickens in El-Sharkia government, Egypt. Methods A total of 250 lung samples were collected from 50 poultry farms. These samples were then subjected to isolation, identification, and serotyping of E. coli. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was identified by disc diffusion testing. The occurrence of ESBL phenotypes was also assessed using the double disc synergy method. PCR/sequencing techniques were employed to examine the presence of ESBL (β-lactamase (bla)-TEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M), colistin (mcr-1), and carbapenem (blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaKPC) resistance genes. Results The findings revealed that 140 out of 250 (56%) were identified as E. coli. All E. coli isolates had a high level of multi-antimicrobial resistance (MAR) with an index value greater than 0.2, and 65.7% of them were confirmed to produce ESBL. Out of the 92 ESBL phenotypes, 55 (59.7%), 32 (34.7%), 18 (19.6%), and 37 (40.2%) isolates harbor b laTEM-3, b laSHV-4, b laCTX-M-1, a nd blaCTX-M-14 genes, respectively. The blaNDM-1 gene was identified in all 40 phenotypes that exhibited resistance to carbapenem, accounting for 28.5% of all strains of E. coli and 43.4% of ESBL isolates. The VIM and KPC genes were not detected in any of the samples. Furthermore, there was a significant prevalence of the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr)-1 gene, with 64 (69.5%) of the ESBL isolates exhibiting this gene. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, particularly those resistant to carbapenem and colistin, poses a significant public health risk in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sayed A. El-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Susan K. Murad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
| | - Hussam M. Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
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Gunjan, Himanshu, Mukherjee R, Vidic J, Manzano M, Leal E, Raj VS, Pandey RP, Chang CM. Comparative meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance from different food sources along with one health approach in the Egypt and UK. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:291. [PMID: 37845637 PMCID: PMC10578024 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global issue that poses significant threats to human health, animal welfare, and the environment. With the increasing emergence of resistant microorganisms, the effectiveness of current antimicrobial medicines against common infections is diminishing. This study aims to conduct a competitive meta-analysis of surveillance data on resistant microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in two countries, Egypt and the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS Data for this study were obtained from published reports spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. In Egypt and the UK, a total of 9,751 and 10,602 food samples were analyzed, respectively. Among these samples, 3,205 (32.87%) in Egypt and 4,447 (41.94%) in the UK were found to contain AMR bacteria. RESULTS In Egypt, the predominant resistance was observed against β-lactam and aminoglycosides, while in the United Kingdom, most isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline and β-lactam. The findings from the analysis underscore the increasing prevalence of AMR in certain microorganisms, raising concerns about the development of multidrug resistance. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis sheds light on the escalating AMR problem associated with certain microorganisms that pose a higher risk of multidrug resistance development. The significance of implementing One Health AMR surveillance is emphasized to bridge knowledge gaps and facilitate accurate AMR risk assessments, ensuring consumer safety. Urgent actions are needed on a global scale to combat AMR and preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments for the well-being of all living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Himanshu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Elcio Leal
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belem, Pará, 66075-000, Brazil
| | - V Samuel Raj
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
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Liang C, Cui H, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhang C, Liu J. Identification, Typing, and Drug Resistance Analysis of Escherichia coli in Two Different Types of Broiler Farms in Hebei Province. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3194. [PMID: 37893917 PMCID: PMC10603750 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hebei Province is an important area for breeding broiler chickens in China, but the antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are still unclear. A total of 180 cloacal samples from broiler farms in Hebei Province were collected and used for the isolation and identification of E. coli. The isolates were subjected to resistance phenotyping, resistance profiling, and genotyping, and some multiresistant strains were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The results showed that 175 strains were isolated. Among both types of broiler farms, the ampicillin resistance rate was the highest, and the meropenem resistance rate was the lowest. Serious multiresistance was present in both types of broiler farms. Thirty strains of multidrug-resistant E. coli were typed by MLST to obtain a total of 18 ST types, with ST10 being the most prevalent. This study was to simply analyze the antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of E. coli in broiler chickens in Hebei Province after the implementation of the pilot work program of action to reduce the use of veterinary antimicrobials in standard farms (SFs) and nonstandard farms (NSFs). This study will provide a research basis and data support for the prevention and control of E. coli in Hebei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Ortega-Balleza JL, Guerrero A, Castro-Escarpulli G, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Cruz-Hernández MA, de Luna-Santillana EDJ, Acosta-Cruz E, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V. Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:458. [PMID: 37888586 PMCID: PMC10610597 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health concern. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are the main drivers of this spread by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Escherichia coli is widespread in various environments and serves as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the whole genome of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources. Four E. coli strains previously isolated from human urine (n = 2), retail meat (n = 1), and water from the Rio Grande River (n = 1) collected in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico, were analyzed. E. coli strains were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, followed by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Several ARGs were detected, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCMY-2, qnrB, catB3, sul2, and sul3. Additionally, plasmid replicons (IncFIA, IncFIB, IncFII, IncY, IncR, and Col) and intact prophages were also found. Insertion sequences (ISs) were structurally linked with resistance and virulence genes. Finally, these findings indicate that E. coli strains have a large repertoire of resistance determinants, highlighting a high pathogenic potential and the need to monitor them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Ortega-Balleza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Abraham Guerrero
- CONACyT Program, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mazatlán 82112, Mexico;
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico;
| | - Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - María Antonia Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Erick de Jesús de Luna-Santillana
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Erika Acosta-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo Coahuila 25280, Mexico;
| | - Irám Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Pedro de Alba s/n cruz con Ave. Manuel L. Barragán, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
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10
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Madni WA, Mohsin M, Nawaz Z, Muzammil S, Zahoor MA, Asif R. Molecular mechanism of antimicrobial co-resistance Colistin (mcr-1) and ESBLs genes among Escherichia coli isolates from commercial chickens in Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e267494. [PMID: 36722678 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.267494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of plasmid mediated colistin and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) resistant genes has been impacted the efficacy of colistin and β-lactams drugs like 3rd, 4th generation cephalosporin. Current study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among Escherichia coli isolates from meat producing commercial broilers in Pakistan. Two hundred (n=200) fecal samples were collected during January-2018 to August-2019. For isolation of E. coli, pink colonies on MacConkey agar were transferred to EMB agar. Metallic sheen color colonies were tested biochemically using API-20E kit. The molecular identification of E. coli (n=153) was targeted by amplification of uid gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and different ARGs i.e. gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, colistin, β-lactams drugs, quinolone and ampicillin followed by sequence analysis. Genotypically, followed by phenotypically of resistant ARGs of isolated PCR-confirmed E. coli (153) shoed resistant against gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), streptomycin (aadA1), tetracycline (tetA), colistine (mcr-1), ampicillin (bla-TEM) and bla-CTX-M were 86%, 88%, 86%, 88%, 83% & 77% respectively. 33/38 (86%) of the isolate was positive for quinolone resistance. Colistine (mcr-1), ESBLs (bla-TEM) and (bla-CTX-M) resistance genes were 88%, 83% and 77% respectively. About 33 isolated E. coli harbored the both mcr-1 and ESBLs genes. All of E. coli isolates were found sensitive to ceftriaxone (CTX-30) and imipenem (IMP-10). The Isolated E. coli showed single or multi clade decadency. The E. coli and ARGs sequences showed single or multi clade decadency. This is first comprehensive study from Pakistan that described the molecular evidences of ARGs and their co-existence in single isolates originated from commercial poultry. Commercial chicken (Broilers) can act as melting pot of antibiotic resistance genes for human being. It is alarming situation for surveillance of antibiotic resistance program because of more regulated prescription of antimicrobial agents in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Madni
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Mohsin
- University of Agriculture, Institute of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Nawaz
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Muzammil
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Zahoor
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - R Asif
- Qarshi University Lahore, Department of Eastern Medicine, Lahore, Pakistan
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11
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Tohmaz M, Askari Badouei M, Kalateh Rahmani H, Hashemi Tabar G. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence associated genes and phylogenetic background versus plasmid replicon types: the possible associations in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:421. [PMID: 36447231 PMCID: PMC9710092 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial isolates from food producing animals not only challenges the preventive and therapeutic strategies in veterinary medicine, but also threatens public health. Genetic elements placed on both chromosome and plasmids could be involved in AMR. In the present study, the associations of genomic backbone and plasmids with AMR were evaluated. We also provided some primary evidences that which genetic lineages potentially host certain groups of plasmids. RESULTS In the current study, 72 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains were examined. Isolates resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.5%; each), and harboring blaTEM (61.1%) were dominant. Moreover, phylogroup D was the most prevalent phylogroup in total (23.6%), and among multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (14/63). The most prevalent Inc-types were also defined as follows: IncP (65.2%), IncI1 (58.3%), and IncF group (54.1%). Significant associations among phylogroups and AMR were observed such as group C to neomycin (p = 0.002), gentamicin (p = 0.017) and florfenicol (p = 0.036). Furthermore, group D was associated with blaCTX. In terms of associations among Inc-types and AMR, resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics was considerably linked with IncP (p = 0.012), IncI1 (p = 0.038) and IncA/C (p = 0.005). The blaTEM and blaCTX genes presence were connected with IncI1 (p = 0.003) and IncFIC (p = 0.013), respectively. It was also shown that members of the D phylogroup frequently occured in replicon types FIC (8/20), P (13/47), I1 (13/42), HI2 (5/14) and L/M (3/3). CONCLUSIONS Accorging to the results, it seems that group D strains have a great potential to host a variety of plasmids (Inc-types) carrying different AMR genes. Thus, based on the results of the current study, phyogroup D could be a potential challenge in dealing with AMR in poultry. There were more strong correlations among Inc-types and AMR compared to phylotypes and AMR. It is suggested that in epidemiological studies on AMR both genomic backbone and major plasmid types should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maad Tohmaz
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari Badouei
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Kalateh Rahmani
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Cabal A, Rab G, Daza-Prieto B, Stöger A, Peischl N, Chakeri A, Mo SS, Bock H, Fuchs K, Sucher J, Rathammer K, Hasenberger P, Stadtbauer S, Caniça M, Strauß P, Allerberger F, Wögerbauer M, Ruppitsch W. Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinically Relevant Bacteria Isolated at the Human/Animal/Environment Interface Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Austria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911276. [PMID: 36232576 PMCID: PMC9570485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health issue attributed to the misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Since AMR surveillance requires a One Health approach, we sampled nine interconnected compartments at a hydrological open-air lab (HOAL) in Austria to obtain six bacterial species included in the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Whole genome sequencing-based typing included core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of AMR was performed for all isolates. Eighty-nine clinically-relevant bacteria were obtained from eight compartments including 49 E. coli, 27 E. faecalis, 7 K. pneumoniae and 6 E. faecium. Clusters of isolates from the same species obtained in different sample collection dates were detected. Of the isolates, 29.2% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. E. coli and E. faecalis isolates from different compartments had acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with veterinary drugs such as aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, some of which were carried in conjugative and mobilizable plasmids. Three multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates were found in samples from field drainage and wastewater. Early detection of ARGs and ARB in natural and farm-related environments can identify hotspots of AMR and help prevent its emergence and dissemination along the food/feed chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cabal
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerhard Rab
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technical University of Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, 3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria
| | - Beatriz Daza-Prieto
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Stöger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Peischl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Chakeri
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Harald Bock
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Fuchs
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Sucher
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krista Rathammer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Silke Stadtbauer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1600-609 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Strauß
- Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, 3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria
| | | | | | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Comparative Characteristics and Pathogenic Potential of Escherichia coli Isolates Originating from Poultry Farms, Retail Meat, and Human Urinary Tract Infection. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060845. [PMID: 35743876 PMCID: PMC9225339 DOI: 10.3390/life12060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of many bacterial strains is determined by the acquisition of virulence genes and depends on many factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the phylogenetic background, virulence patterns, and drug susceptibility of 132 E. coli isolates tested in the context of the ExPEC (Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli) pathotype and the correlation of these features with bacterial isolation source: food (retail meat), poultry farms (AFEC—Avian Faecal E. coli), and patients with UTI (urinary tract infection) symptoms. The drug-susceptibility results of tested E. coli isolates obtained indicate that the resistance profile—ampicillin/tetracycline/trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole/ciprofloxacin (AMP/TE/SXT/CIP)—was most frequently observed. The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype was found in 31.8% of isolates from poultry farms, 36.8% of strains isolated from food, and 20% of clinical samples. The greatest similarity of virulence profiles applied to isolates derived from poultry farms and food. Most of the AFEC from poultry farms and food-derived isolates belonged to commensals from phylogroups A and B1, while among the isolates from patients with UTI symptoms, the most common was the B2 phylogroup. The collective analysis showed similarity of the three studied groups of E. coli isolates in terms of the presented patterns of antimicrobial resistance, while the virulence profiles of the isolates studied showed great diversity. The phylogroup analysis showed no similarity between the poultry/food isolates and the UTI isolates, which had significant pathogenic potential.
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Ajose DJ, Oluwarinde BO, Abolarinwa TO, Fri J, Montso KP, Fayemi OE, Aremu AO, Ateba CN. Combating Bovine Mastitis in the Dairy Sector in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: Ethno-veterinary Medicinal Option as a Viable Alternative Approach. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:800322. [PMID: 35445101 PMCID: PMC9014217 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the traditional infectious condition in reared cattle which may result in serious repercussions ranging from animal welfare to economic issues. Owing to the high costs associated with preventative practices and therapeutic measures, lower milk output, and early culling, bovine mastitis is accountable for most of the financial losses suffered in cattle farming. Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and coliform bacteria are the predominant pathogens for bovine mastitis. In addition, the occurrence of BM has been linked to lactation stage and poor management, in the latter case, the poor stabling conditions around udder hygiene. BM occurs throughout the world, with varying rates of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in different regions. Despite the modern techniques, such as the appropriate milking practices that are applied, lower levels of pathogen vulnerability may help to prevent the development of the disease, BM treatment is primarily reliant on antibiotics for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, as a result of the proliferation of bacterial agents to withstand the antibiotic effects, these therapies have frequently proven ineffectual, resulting in persistent BM. Consequently, alternative medicines for the management of udder inflammation have been researched, notably natural compounds derived from plants. This review focuses on BM in terms of its risk factors, pathogenesis, management, the molecular identification of causative agents, as well as the application of ethno-veterinary medicine as an alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Justine Fri
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Kotsoana Peter Montso
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Omolola Esther Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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15
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Singh NS, Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Public health implications of plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting a major anthropogenic river of India. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-21. [PMID: 35343419 PMCID: PMC9044524 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882200053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting anthropogenic rivers is an important public health concern because plasmid-mediated AMR genes can easily spread to other pathogens by horizontal gene transfer. Besides β -lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides are the major antibiotics against E. coli. In the present study, we have investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. coli isolated from a major river of northern India. Our results revealed that majority of the strains were phenotypically susceptible for fluoroquinolones and some aminoglycosides like amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin and gentamicin. However, 16.39% of the strains were resistant for streptomycin, 8.19% for kanamycin and 3.30% for gentamicin. Of the various PMQR genes investigated, only qnrS1 was present in 24.59% of the strains along with ISEcl2 . Aminoglycoside-resistance genes like strA-strB were found to be present in 16.39%, aphA1 in 8.19% and aacC 2 in only 3.30% of the strains. Though, no co-relation was observed between phenotypic resistance for fluorquinolones and presence of PMQR genes, phenotypic resistance for streptomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin exactly co-related with the presence of the genes strA-strB , aphA1 and aacC2 , respectively. Moreover, all the AMR genes discerned in aquatic E. coli were found to be situated on conjugative plasmids and, thus easily transferrable. Our study accentuates the importance of routine surveillance of urban rivers to curtail the spread of AMR genes in aquatic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambram Somendro Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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16
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Azimi L, Armin S, Samadi Kafil H, Abdollahi N, Ghazvini K, Hasanzadeh S, Shahraki Zahedani S, Rafiei Tabatabaei S, Fallah F. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance in the Gram-negative bacteria isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 35119565 PMCID: PMC8816979 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance among the Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals in Iran. A total of 836 clinical isolates of GNB were collected from pediatric and general hospitals from January 2018 to the end of December 2019. The identification of bacterial isolates was performed by conventional biochemical tests. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the disk diffusion method (DDM). The frequency of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) was screened by the PCR method via specific primers. Among all pediatric and general hospitals, the predominant GNB isolates were Acinetobacter spp. (n = 327) and Escherichia coli (n = 144). However, E. coli (n = 20/144; 13.9%) had the highest frequency in clinical samples collected from pediatrics. The DDM results showed that 64.3% of all GNB were resistant to all of the tested aminoglycoside agents. Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae with 93.6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 93.4%, and Enterobacter spp. with 86.5% exhibited very high levels of resistance to gentamicin. Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic against E. coli isolates. In total, the results showed that the aac (6')-Ib gene with 59% had the highest frequency among genes encoding AMEs in GNB. The frequency of the surveyed aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes among all GNB was found as follows: aph (3')-VIe (48.7%), aadA15 (38.6%), aph (3')-Ia (31.3%), aph (3')-II (14.4%), and aph (6) (2.6%). The obtained data demonstrated that the phenotypic and genotypic aminoglycoside resistance among GNB was quite high and it is possible that the resistance genes may frequently spread among clinical isolates of GNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Abdollahi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepide Hasanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahram Shahraki Zahedani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran.
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17
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Al-Marri T, Al-Marri A, Al-Zanbaqi R, Ajmi AA, Fayez M. Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from backyard poultry farms. Vet World 2022; 14:2869-2877. [PMID: 35017833 PMCID: PMC8743762 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2869-2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Backyard chicken flocks have traditionally been regarded as an essential food source in developed countries; however, they may act as reservoirs and spread various zoonotic bacterial pathogens. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic resistance, biofilm formation (BF), and pathotypes of Escherichia coli isolates from backyard poultry farms. Materials and Methods: Cloacal swabs (n=150) and internal organs (n=150) were collected from 30 backyard chicken flocks; 20 of them were experiencing systemic infection, and the other ten were apparently healthy. Samples were bacteriologically examined for E. coli isolation. Isolates were identified biochemically by the VITEK® 2 COMPACT system (BioMérieux, France). For molecular identification, 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced. Ten antimicrobials were selected for E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each antimicrobial was determined. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity in isolates was investigated using cephalosporin/clavulanate combination disks. The ability of isolates for BF was determined by the microtiter plate method. Thirteen virulence genes linked to different E. coli pathotypes and two serotype-related genes were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eighty-six E. coli strains were isolated from 30 backyard chicken flocks. The isolates were biochemically identified to the species level. Genetically, sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed >98% identity with E. coli in the National Center for Biological Information database. The frequency of isolation from diseased flocks was significantly higher (p<0.05) than apparently healthy flocks; 63.9% of the isolates were recovered from cloacal swabs and 36.04% were recovered from internal organs. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (AMP; 75.6%), gentamicin (39.5%), and tetracycline (29.1%). However, none of the isolates were resistant to imipenem. A variable drug resistance profile for E. coli isolates was reported. Twenty-one (24.4%) isolates were sensitive to all ten antimicrobials. Seven (8.1%) isolates were resistant only to AMP, and 28 (32.6%) were resistant to two antimicrobials, whereas the remaining 30 (34.9%) isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 86 isolates, 8 (9.3%) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli by the combination disk diffusion method. All ESBL isolates were MDR with an MDR index of 0.5-0.6. Fifty-seven (66.3%) isolates were capable of forming biofilms; 22 (25.6%) of them were strong biofilm producers, 24 (27.9%) moderate producers, and 11 (12.8%) weak producers. A statistically significant pairwise correlation was obtained for MDR versus BF (r=0.512) and MDR index versus BF (r=0.556). Based on virulence gene profiles, five pathotypes were identified, including enteropathogenic E. coli (39.5%), avian pathogenic E. coli (32.53%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; 9.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 5.8%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC; 1.2%). The lower frequency of EAEC and ETEC was statistically significant than other pathotypes. Three isolates were identified as O157 based on the detection of the rbfO157 gene. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of MDR, suggesting the misuse of antimicrobials in backyard chicken farms. The emergence of ESBL and EHEC isolates in backyard chickens is a public health concern. Furthermore, the backyard flocks environment may harbor different pathogenic bacteria that may enhance the persistence of infection and the transmission to in-contact humans. Regular monitoring for the occurrence of MDR and the zoonotic pathotypes among E. coli in backyard chicken flocks is recommended, as these bacteria can transmit to humans through food products or contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeb Al-Marri
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Al-Marri
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Resources, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reham Al-Zanbaqi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Ajmi
- The Central Laboratories for Veterinary, Agriculture, and Fisheries, East Amghara 21422, State of Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 11381, Egypt
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18
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Zhang S, Chen S, Abbas M, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Huan J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. High incidence of multi-drug resistance and heterogeneity of mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased ducks in Sichuan province of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112475. [PMID: 34243112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmonious ecological environment is a major concern with rising feeding and consumption of ducks, as these waterfowl birds can promote the spread of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). Therefore, this study was conducted to know diversity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), integrons, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from intestinal contents or pericardial effusion of diseased ducks from 2018 to 2020 in Sichuan, China. The AMR phenotype was determined via disk diffusion test in 165 E. coli isolates. Further, the integrase genes of integron (intI1, intI2 and intI3 genes), gene cassettes (GCs) and MGEs were screened by PCR and sequencing. The results indicated 100% isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 98.8% were multidrug-resistant strains. Highest AMR phenotype was recorded to rifampin (97.0%) followed by ampicillin (95.8%), chloramphenicol (89.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.2%), ciprofloxacin (83.0%), cefotaxime (80.0%), streptomycin (75.8%), doxycycline (49.7%), amikacin (10.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (3.6%), polymyxin B (1.2%) and ertapenem (0.6%). Further, class 1 and 2 integrons were found in 87.3% and 17.6% isolates, respectively. All isolates were negative for intI3 gene. The variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons contained total 13 different GCs, including arr-3+dfrA27, dfrA1+aadA1, dfrA17+aadA5, dfrA12, dfrA1+sat2+aadA1, dfrA12+aadA2, dfrA5, aadA2+ere(A)+dfrA32, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA22, aadA5, dfrA17, and dfrA27. Moreover, 13 MGEs in 69 different combinations were observed with predominance of IS26 followed by tnpA/Tn21, trbC, ISEcp1, merA, ISAba1, tnsA, tnsB, tnsC, IS1133, tnsD, ISCR3/14, and tnsE. Thus, the monitoring of integrons, MGEs and ARGs is important to understand the complex mechanism of AMR, which might help to introduce interventions for prevention and control of AMR in duck farms in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Shuling Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Juan Huan
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qun Gao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Di Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Tian
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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19
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Mehat JW, van Vliet AHM, La Ragione RM. The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:402-416. [PMID: 34047644 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1915960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and carcass condemnation, and impacts the welfare of poultry. Colibacillosis remains a complex disease to manage, hampered by diagnostic and classification strategies for E. coli that are inadequate for defining APEC. However, increased accessibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has enabled phylogenetic approaches to be applied to the classification of E. coli and genomic characterization of the most common APEC serotypes associated with colibacillosis O1, O2 and O78. These approaches have demonstrated that the O78 serotype is representative of two distinct APEC lineages, ST-23 in phylogroup C and ST-117 in phylogroup G. The O1 and O2 serotypes belong to a third lineage comprised of three sub-populations in phylogroup B2; ST-95, ST-140 and ST-428/ST-429. The frequency with which these genotypes are associated with colibacillosis implicates them as the predominant APEC populations and distinct from those causing incidental or opportunistic infections. The fact that these are disparate clusters from multiple phylogroups suggests that these lineages may have become adapted to the poultry niche independently. WGS studies have highlighted the limitations of traditional APEC classification and can now provide a path towards a robust and more meaningful definition of the APEC pathotype. Future studies should focus on characterizing individual APEC populations in detail and using this information to develop improved diagnostics and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai W Mehat
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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20
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Kakooza S, Muwonge A, Nabatta E, Eneku W, Ndoboli D, Wampande E, Munyiirwa D, Kayaga E, Tumwebaze MA, Afayoa M, Ssajjakambwe P, Tayebwa DS, Tsuchida S, Okubo T, Ushida K, Sakurai K, Mutebi F. A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from poultry in Uganda. Int J Vet Sci Med 2021; 9:11-21. [PMID: 34104644 PMCID: PMC8158283 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2021.1926056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018. Laboratory records from the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), a National Veterinary Diagnostic Facility located at Makerere University, were reviewed. Archived isolates of the causative bacteria for the two diseases were also evaluated for AMR. The frequencies of the two disease conditions, their clinical and necropsy presentations and the demographic data of the diagnostic samples were summarized from the records. Archived bacterial isolates were revived before antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This was done on Mueller Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method, against 16 antimicrobials of medical and veterinary importance according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 697 poultry cases were presented for bacteriological investigations in the review period. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis had prevalence rates of 39.7% (277/697) and 16.2% (113/697), respectively. A total of 63 and 92 isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively, were archived but 43 (68.3%) E. coli and 47 (51.1%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered and evaluated for AMR. Multidrug resistance was more frequent in E. coli (38; 88.4%) than salmonellae (25; 53.2%), (p < 0.001). The high prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and the AMR of associated pathogens warrants immediate institution of appropriate disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Esther Nabatta
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wilfred Eneku
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damian Munyiirwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathias Afayoa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Chubu University, Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Chubu University, Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Sakurai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis Mutebi
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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21
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Kalantari M, Sharifiyazdi H, Asasi K, Abdi-Hachesoo B. High incidence of multidrug resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in South of Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:101-107. [PMID: 33953880 PMCID: PMC8094138 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.96366.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the multidrug resistance and presence of class 1 and 2 integrons in 300 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from 20 broiler farms during three rearing periods (one-day-old chicks, thirty-day-old chickens, and one day before slaughter) in Fars, South Iran. Results showed that 81.00%, 82.00%, and 85.00% of isolates were multidrug-resistant on the first day, thirty-day-old chickens, and one day before slaughter, respectively. Multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were further examined for the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons using PCR assay. The existence of class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) was confirmed in 68.40%, 72.70%, and 60.90% of multidrug-resistant isolates from stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 of the rearing period, respectively. The frequency of class 2 integron-integrase gene (intI2) during the first to the third stage of sampling was 2.60%, 25.50%, and 30.40%. Also, sequence analysis of the cassette arrays within class 1 integron revealed the presence of the genes associated with resistance for trimethoprim (dfrA), streptomycin (aadA), erythromycin (ereA), and orfF genes. The results revealed that percentages of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates were significantly higher in the middle and end stages of the rearing period. In conclusion, widespread dissemination of class 1 integrons in all three stages and rising trends of class 2 integrons existence in E. coli isolates during the rearing period of broiler chickens could exacerbate the spread of resistance factors among bacteria in the poultry industry. Future research is needed to clarify its implication for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kalantari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keramat Asasi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Newman DM, Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Willis D, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11025. [PMID: 33717713 PMCID: PMC7937341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug-Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid-the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dajour Willis
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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23
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Nguyen M, Holdbrooks H, Mishra P, Abrantes MA, Eskew S, Garma M, Oca CG, McGuckin C, Hein CB, Mitchell RD, Kazi S, Chew S, Casaburi G, Brown HK, Frese SA, Henrick BM. Impact of Probiotic B. infantis EVC001 Feeding in Premature Infants on the Gut Microbiome, Nosocomially Acquired Antibiotic Resistance, and Enteric Inflammation. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:618009. [PMID: 33665175 PMCID: PMC7921802 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.618009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm birth is a major determinant of neonatal survival and morbidity, but the gut microbiome and associated enteric inflammation are also key factors in neonatal development and the risk of associated morbidities. We prospectively and longitudinally followed two cohorts of preterm infants, one of which was fed activated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) EVC001 8 × 109 CFU daily, and the other was not fed a probiotic. Hospital feeding protocol assigned all infants born at <1500 g and/or < 32 weeks corrected gestational age to the probiotic feeding protocol, whereas infants born at >1500 g and/or >32 weeks corrected gestational age were not fed a probiotic. Fecal samples were opportunistically collected from 77 infants throughout the hospital stay, and subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing and quantification of enteric inflammation. De-identified metadata was collected from patient medical records. Results: The gut microbiome of preterm infants was typified by a high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and/or Staphylococcaceae, and multivariate modeling identified the probiotic intervention, rather than degree of prematurity, day of life, or other clinical interventions, as the primary source of change in the gut microbiome. Among infants fed B. infantis EVC001, a high abundance of total Bifidobacteriaceae developed rapidly, the majority of which was B. infantis confirmed via subspecies-specific qPCR. Associated with this higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, we found increased functional capacity for utilization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as well as reduced abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the taxa that harbored them. Importantly, we found that infants fed B. infantis EVC001 exhibited diminished enteric inflammation, even when other clinical variables were accounted for using multivariate modeling. Conclusion: These results provide an important observational background for probiotic use in a NICU setting, and describe the clinical, physiological, and microbiome-associated improvements in preterm infants associated with B. infantis EVC001 feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Nguyen
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | - Heaven Holdbrooks
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | - Prasanthi Mishra
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | - Maria A. Abrantes
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | - Sherri Eskew
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | - Mariajamiela Garma
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | - Cyr-Geraurd Oca
- Neonatology, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sufyan Kazi
- Evolve Biosystems Inc., Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Steven A. Frese
- Evolve Biosystems Inc., Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Bethany M. Henrick
- Evolve Biosystems Inc., Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Evangelista AG, Corrêa JAF, Pinto ACSM, Luciano FB. The impact of essential oils on antibiotic use in animal production regarding antimicrobial resistance - a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5267-5283. [PMID: 33554635 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1883548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Population growth directly affects the global food supply, demanding a higher production efficiency without farmland expansion - in view of limited land resources and biodiversity loss worldwide. In such scenario, intensive agriculture practices have been widely used. A commonly applied method to maximize yield in animal production is the use of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics as growth promoters. Because of the strong antibiotic selection pressure generated, the intense use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has been associated to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Also, cross-resistance can occur, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and limiting treatment options in both human and animal health. Thereon, alternatives have been studied to replace AGP in animal production. Among such alternatives, essential oils and essential oil components (EOC) stand out positively from others due to, besides antimicrobial effectiveness, improving zootechnical indexes and modulating genes involved in resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes recent studies in essential oils and EOC for zoonotic bacteria control, providing detailed information about the molecular-level effects of their use in regard to AMR, and identifying important gaps to be filled within the animal production area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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25
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Characterization of permissive and non-permissive peptide insertion sites in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from Farm-To-Fork in Intensive Poultry Production in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120850. [PMID: 33260950 PMCID: PMC7761107 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of antibiotics in food animals has resulted in the selection of drug-resistant bacteria across the farm-to-fork continuum. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from intensively produced poultry in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Samples were collected weekly between August and September 2017 from hatching to final retail products. E. coli was isolated on eosin methylene blue agar, identified biochemically, and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was ascertained by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. PCR was used to test for resistance genes. The clonal similarity was investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). In total, 266 E. coli isolates were obtained from all the samples, with 67.3% being non-susceptible to at least one antibiotic tested and 6.7% multidrug resistant. The highest non-susceptibility was to ampicillin (48.1%) and the lowest non-susceptibility to ceftriaxone and azithromycin (0.8%). Significant non-susceptibility was observed to tetracycline (27.4%), nalidixic acid (20.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (13.9%), and chloramphenicol (11.7%) which have homologues used in the poultry industry. The most frequently observed resistance genes were blaCTX-M (100%), sul1 (80%), tetA (77%), and tetB (71%). ERIC-PCR grouped isolates into 27 clusters suggesting the spread of diverse clones across the farm-to-fork continuum. This reiterates the role of intensive poultry farming as a reservoir and a potential vehicle for the transmission of antibiotic resistance, with potentially severe public health implications, thus, requiring prompt and careful mitigation measures to protect human and environmental health.
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Zhang S, Abbas M, Rehman MU, Huang Y, Zhou R, Gong S, Yang H, Chen S, Wang M, Cheng A. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via integrons in Escherichia coli: A risk to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115260. [PMID: 32717638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the induction of various emerging environmental contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), environment is considered as a key indicator for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, the ARGs mediated environmental pollution raises a significant public health concern worldwide. Among various genetic mechanisms that are involved in the dissemination of ARGs, integrons play a vital role in the dissemination of ARGs. Integrons are mobile genetic elements that can capture and spread ARGs among environmental settings via transmissible plasmids and transposons. Most of the ARGs are found in Gram-negative bacteria and are primarily studied for their potential role in antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. As one of the most common microorganisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is widely studied as an indicator carrying drug-resistant genes, so this article aims to provide an in-depth study on the spread of ARGs via integrons associated with E. coli outside clinical settings and highlight their potential role as environmental contaminants. It also focuses on multiple but related aspects that do facilitate environmental pollution, i.e. ARGs from animal sources, water treatment plants situated at or near animal farms, agriculture fields, wild birds and animals. We believe that this updated study with summarized text, will facilitate the readers to understand the primary mechanisms as well as a variety of factors involved in the transmission and spread of ARGs among animals, humans, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Siyue Gong
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Staphylococcus Spp. from Wild Mammals in Aragón (Spain): Antibiotic Resistance Status. J Vet Res 2020; 64:373-379. [PMID: 32984626 PMCID: PMC7497752 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat. It has been studied in humans and domestic animals, but there is a lack of data on wild animals. The objective of this study is the elucidation of its patterns in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from wild mammals of the Autonomous Community of Aragón (Spain). Material and Methods A total of 103 mammals (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Erinaceomorpha, and Lagomorpha) were studied. A recovery centre provided 32 and hunting 71. Nasal and faecal samples yielded 111 staphylococci, which were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. A susceptibility test to 11 antibiotics was carried out, and statistical analysis was performed. Results Some differences were detected in bacterial prevalence depending on how the mammal fed. Artiodactyla, mainly hunted, were predisposed to carry coagulase-positive staphylococci. The staphylococci species recovered were resistant to at least two classes of antibiotics, and were disseminated in all of the geographical areas studied. Conclusion Resistant staphylococci are widely distributed in the wild mammals in the areas of the study, but the resistance quantified in them is lower than that to be expected if the use of antibiotics in farms had a direct influence on the wildlife and its environment. On the other hand, resistance to antibiotics restricted to human use was widely disseminated in various wild animal species.
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Walker GK, Suyemoto MM, Gall S, Chen L, Thakur S, Borst LB. The role of Enterococcus faecalis during co-infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in avian colibacillosis. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:589-599. [PMID: 32674609 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1796926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. (ENT) are frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) from poultry with colibacillosis, a leading cause of flock mortality. Although largely overlooked, ENT may play an active role in these infections. To assess the frequency of ENT co-isolation in colibacillosis, cultures were collected from birds with gross lesions of omphalitis, polyserositis, and septicaemia over a 3-year period from three turkey flocks and three broiler flocks. In birds diagnosed with colibacillosis based on gross findings and isolation of E. coli, ENT were co-isolated with APEC in 35.7% (n = 41/115) of colibacillosis mortality and 3.7% of total mortality (n = 41/1122). Co-isolated APEC and ENT pairs (n = 41) were further characterized using antimicrobial resistance phenotyping and in vitro co-culture assays. E. faecalis (EF) was the most commonly co-isolated species (68% n = 28/41) and tetracycline resistance was the resistance phenotype most commonly found among APEC (51% n = 21/41) and ENT (93% n = 38/41). Under iron-restricted conditions, EF enhanced APEC growth in a proximity-dependent manner and APEC grown in mixed culture with EF exhibited a significant growth and survival advantage (P ≤ 0.01). In an embryo lethality assay, APEC co-infection with EF resulted in decreased survival of broiler embryos compared to mono-infections (P ≤ 0.05). These data demonstrate that EF augmented APEC survival and growth under iron limiting conditions, possibly translating to the increased virulence of APEC in broiler embryos. Thus, ENT co-infections may be a previously unrecognized contributor to colibacillosis-related mortality. Further investigations into the mechanism of this interaction are warranted. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Enterococcus is frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Enterococcus faecalis (EF) enhances survival of APEC in iron restricted conditions. EF co-infection increases APEC virulence in broiler embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson K Walker
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Mitsu Suyemoto
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sesny Gall
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Laura Chen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Luke B Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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AbdelRahman MAA, Roshdy H, Samir AH, Hamed EA. Antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates from imported 1-day-old chicks, ducklings, and turkey poults. Vet World 2020; 13:1037-1044. [PMID: 32801552 PMCID: PMC7396329 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1037-1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat. This study investigated the prevalence of Escherichia coli in imported 1-day-old chicks, ducklings, and turkey poults. Materials and Methods: The liver, heart, lungs, and yolk sacs of 148 imported batches of 1-day-old flocks (chicks, 45; ducklings, 63; and turkey poults, 40) were bacteriologically examined for the presence of E. coli. Results: We isolated 38 E. coli strains from 13.5%, 6.7%, and 5.4% of imported batches of 1-day-old chicks, ducklings, and turkey poults, respectively. They were serotyped as O91, O125, O145, O78, O44, O36, O169, O124, O15, O26, and untyped in the imported chicks; O91, O119, O145, O15, O169, and untyped in the imported ducklings; and O78, O28, O29, O168, O125, O158, and O115 in the imported turkey poults. The E. coli isolates were investigated for antibiotic resistance against 16 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method and were found resistant to cefotaxime (60.5%), nalidixic acid (44.7%), tetracycline (44.7%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (42.1%). The distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and ampC β-lactamase genes was blaTEM (52.6%), blaSHV (28.9%), blaCTX-M (39.5%), blaOXA-1 (13.1%), and ampC (28.9%). Conclusion: Imported 1-day-old poultry flocks may be a potential source for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and the ESBL genes in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A A AbdelRahman
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Roshdy
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdelhafez H Samir
- Department of Biotechnology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Engy A Hamed
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Kuznetsova MV, Gizatullina JS, Nesterova LY, Starčič Erjavec M. Escherichia coli Isolated from Cases of Colibacillosis in Russian Poultry Farms (Perm Krai): Sensitivity to Antibiotics and Bacteriocins. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050741. [PMID: 32429211 PMCID: PMC7285186 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains isolated from case of colibacillosis in Russian poultry farms in the region of Perm Krai were analyzed for their sensitivity to main antibiotics and bacteriocins. Sensitivity profiles for 9 antibiotics and 20 bacteriocins were determined with the disc diffusion method and the overlay test, respectively. Further, with the PCR the presence of several bla and integron 1 genes was revealed and the phylogenetic group for each strain determined. Among the 28 studied E. coli strains 85.7% were resistant to at least three antibiotics, 53.6% to five or more drugs, and 10.7% to eight antibiotics. PCR revealed that the blaTEM gene was harbored by 71.4% of strains and the blaCTX-M gene by 53.6% of strains. The class 1 integrons were found in 28.6% of strains. All of the studied strains were insensitive to ten or more bacteriocins. More than 90% of the studied strains were insensitive to pore-forming colicins of group A and B colicins, while 60.7% were insensitive to colicins with DNase and RNase activity. All of the analyzed strains were insensitive to at least two of the tested microcins. Neither the antibiotic resistance profile nor the bacteriocin resistance profile correlated with phylogenetic group of the strains. Thus, the studied strains were shown to possess high levels of multiple resistance to antibiotics and insensitivity to bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva street 13, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.V.K.); (J.S.G.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Julia S. Gizatullina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva street 13, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.V.K.); (J.S.G.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Larisa Yu. Nesterova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva street 13, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.V.K.); (J.S.G.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Marjanca Starčič Erjavec
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-320-3402
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Co-occurrence of mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance and β-lactamase-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler chickens with colibacillosis in Tunisia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:538-545. [PMID: 32251867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is considered a major hindrance in poultry farming worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the genetic content and the relatedness between multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from broiler chickens died due to colibacillosis from three farms from Tunisia. METHODS One hundred samples were collected from chickens' fresh carcasses from three poultry farms in Tunisia. E. coli isolation and identification were performed. Then, antimicrobial susceptibility regarding antibiotics, the ability to produce β-lactamases and minimum inhibitory concentration for colistin were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. β-Lactam and non-β-lactam antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, virulence genes, and phylogenetic groups were investigated using polymerase chain reaction. The genetic relatedness of the E. coli isolates was analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS A high infection rate of E. coli (50%) in infected organs of chickens was observed. The majority of E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (96%); among them, 24% were colistin resistant and 30% were ESBL producing. Seven of 12 colistin-resistant isolates harboured the mcr-1 gene; among them, 10 were ESBL producing and carried blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, and blaSHV β-lactamase-encoding genes. E. coli isolates were assigned to different phylogroups but most of them (74%) belonged to the pathogenic phylogroup B2. Molecular typing by PFGE showed that some E. coli isolates harbouring ESBL-mcr-1 genes were clonally related. MLST revealed the presence of four different ST lineages among ESBL- and mcr-1-carrying E. coli: ST4187, ST3882; ST5693, and ST8932 with clonal dissemination of E. coli ST4187 between two of the farms. CONCLUSION This is the first report of ESBL-mcr-1-carrying E. coli isolates of a clinically relevant phylogenetic group (B2) from chickens that died due to colibacillosis in Tunisian poultry farms.
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Rafique M, Potter RF, Ferreiro A, Wallace MA, Rahim A, Ali Malik A, Siddique N, Abbas MA, D’Souza AW, Burnham CAD, Ali N, Dantas G. Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated From Domestic Chickens in Pakistan. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3052. [PMID: 32010104 PMCID: PMC6978674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry husbandry is important for the economic health of Pakistan, but the Pakistani poultry industry is negatively impacted by infections from Escherichia coli. We performed Illumina whole genome sequencing on 92 E. coli isolates obtained from the livers of deceased chickens originating in five Pakistani geographical regions. Our analysis indicates that the isolates are predominantly from the B1 and A clade and harbor a diverse number of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, with no linkage between phylogeny and antibiotic resistance gene presence but some association between phylogeny and virulence gene and SNP presence for the B1 and E phylogroups. The colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and the quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 were both found in 13/92 isolates. Alarmingly, 82/92 of the E. coli strains characterized in this study are multidrug resistant with 100% (92/92) resistance to lincomycin, 81.5% (75/92) to streptomycin, 79.3% (73/92) to ampicillin and 66.3% (61/92) to ciprofloxacin. These results provide a high-resolution analysis of poultry-associated E. coli isolates in an area with a high endemic burden of antibiotic resistance. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in poultry associated E. coli isolates is an important pillar of the One Health concept to integrate analysis of potential pathogens in human, animal, and environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert F. Potter
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aura Ferreiro
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meghan A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Abdul Rahim
- National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali Malik
- National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naila Siddique
- National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Genomics and Biotechnology, PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Athar Abbas
- National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Genomics and Biotechnology, PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alaric W. D’Souza
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Naeem Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Ibrahim RA, Cryer TL, Lafi SQ, Basha EA, Good L, Tarazi YH. Identification of Escherichia coli from broiler chickens in Jordan, their antimicrobial resistance, gene characterization and the associated risk factors. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:159. [PMID: 31118039 PMCID: PMC6530146 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the principle cause of colibacillosis affecting poultry. The main challenge to the poultry industry is antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria that threaten the safety of the food chain. Risk factors associated with emergence of antimicrobial resistance among avian pathogenic E. coli were correlated with the inappropriate use of antimicrobials along with inadequate hygienic practices, which encourages the selection pressure of antimicrobial resistant APEC. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify, serogroup and genotype APEC from broilers, assess their antibiotic resistance profile, expressed genes and the associated risk factors. RESULTS APEC was isolated from the visceral organs of sick chickens with a prevalence of 53.4%. The most prevalent serotypes were O1, O2, O25 and O78, in percentage of 14.8, 12.6, 4.4 and 23.7%, respectively. Virulence Associated Genes; SitA, iss, iucD, iucC, astA, tsh cvi and irp2 were detected in rate of 97.4, 93.3, 75, 74, 71, 46.5, 39 and 34%, respectively and 186 (69.2%) isolates possess > 5-10 genes. The highest resistance was found against sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, florfenicol, amoxicillin, doxycycline and spectinomycin in percentage; 95.5, 93.7, 93.3, 92.2 and 92.2%, respectively. Sixty-eight percent of APEC isolates were found to have at least 5 out of 8 antimicrobial resistant genes. The most predominant genes were Int1 97%, tetA 78.4%, bla TEM 72.9%, Sul1 72.4%, Sul2 70.2%. Two risk factors were found to be associated with the presence of multi-drug resistant APEC in broiler chickens, with a P value ≤0.05; the use of ground water as source of drinking water and farms located in proximity to other farms. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized the VAGs of avian pathogenic E. coli and establish their antimicrobial resistance patterns. The widespread of antimicrobial resistance of APEC isolates and detection of ARGs highlighted the need to monitor the spread of ARGs in poultry farms and the environment in Jordan. Use of ground water and closely located farms were significant risk factors associated with the presence of MDR APEC in broiler chickens in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekaz A. Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tillie L. Cryer
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, the Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Shawkat Q. Lafi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ehab-Abu Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Liam Good
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, the Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Yaser H. Tarazi
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Ateya AI, Arafat N, Saleh RM, Ghanem HM, Naguib D, Radwan HA, Elseady YY. Intestinal gene expressions in broiler chickens infected with Escherichia coli and dietary supplemented with probiotic, acidifier and synbiotic. Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:131-142. [PMID: 31055768 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-09753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of probiotic, acidifier and synbiotic supplementation on growth performance, mortality rate, intestinal gene expressions, fecal shedding, and organs colonization induced by Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. Six experimental groups were included; negative control group (NC), positive control group (PC), probiotic group (PR), acidifier group (AC), synbiotic group (SY) and colistin sulfate group (CS). Chickens in groups NC and PC were fed a basal diet, while chickens in groups PR, AC, SY, and CS were fed a basal diet containing probiotic, acidifier, synbiotic and colistin sulfate, respectively from the 1st day to the 28th day of age. At 7 days of age, all groups (not NC) were orally challenged with 0.5 ml (1.0 × 109 CFU/ml) E. coli O78. The dietary supplementation of acidifier and synbiotic were sufficient to quell the devastating effects of E. coli infection in broilers. Growth performances represented by body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved as well as, mortalities were prevented whilst the ileal pro-inflammatory gene expressions (IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, TLR-4, IFN-γ, LITAF, AvBD-2, and AvBD-9) were significantly downregulated and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was significantly increased. In addition, E. coli fecal shedding and organs colonization was significantly diminished. It was concluded that the addition of both acidifier and synbiotic to the diet of broilers infected with E. coli could modulate the intestinal inflammatory responses induced by E. coli infection and minimized the inflammation-induced damage which resulted in improvement in growth performance, prevention of mortalities and reduction of E. coli environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nagah Arafat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Ghanem
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Doaa Naguib
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hend A Radwan
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Y Y Elseady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. E. coli is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in E. coli correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and mcr genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in E. coli seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, E. coli of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.
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Kurnia RS, Indrawati A, Mayasari NLPI, Priadi A. Molecular detection of genes encoding resistance to tetracycline and determination of plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Vet World 2018; 11:1581-1586. [PMID: 30587892 PMCID: PMC6303495 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1581-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify genes encoding resistance to tetracycline (TE) and plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in Escherichia coli isolates from clinical cases of avian colibacillosis in Sukabumi, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 E. coli archive isolates were collected in 2013-2017 from clinical cases of avian colibacillosis in Sukabumi, Indonesia. All isolates were tested for TE and quinolone resistance using the disk diffusion method. TE -resistant E. coli isolates were screened for the presence of tet(A) and tet(B) genes by single polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The qnr(A), qnr(B), and qnr(S) genes were detected by multiplex PCR in quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. RESULTS Result of this study shows that 19 of 25 (76%) E. coli isolates are resistant to oxytetracycline and 64% are resistant to TE; among them, 63.2% and 31.5% were positive tet(A) and tet(B), respectively. 13 out of 25 (52%) are resistant to ciprofloxacin and 36% are resistant to enrofloxacin either norfloxacin; among them, 61.6% were positive qnr(A), 7.7% were positive qnr(B), 23% were positive qnr(S), and 7.7% were positive both of qnr(A) and qnr(S). CONCLUSION This study shows that a few pathogens of E. coli are resistant to TE and quinolone. The frequency of tet and qnr genes that are responsible for this resistance among avian pathogenic E. coli isolates in Sukabumi, Indonesia, was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Septa Kurnia
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
| | - Agustin Indrawati
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
| | - Adin Priadi
- Animal Health Diagnostic Unit, PT Medika Satwa Laboratories, West Java, Indonesia
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Abia ALK, Ubomba-Jaswa E, Schmidt C, Dippenaar MA. Where Did They Come from-Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogenic Escherichia coli in a Cemetery Environment? Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7030073. [PMID: 30110918 PMCID: PMC6164573 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human burial in cemeteries facilitates the decomposition of corpses without posing a public health danger. However, the role of cemeteries as potential environmental reservoirs of drug-resistant pathogens has not been studied. Thus, we investigated cemeteries as potential environmental reservoirs of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic Escherichia coli. E. coli isolates were obtained from water samples (collected from surface water bodies and boreholes in three cemeteries) after isolation using the Colilert® 18 system. Pathogenic potentials of the isolates were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reactions targeting seven virulence genes (VGs) pertaining to six E. coli pathotypes. The resistance of isolates to eight antibiotics was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The mean E. coli concentrations varied from <1 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL to 2419.6 MPN/100 mL with 48% of 100 isolates being positive for at least one of the VGs tested. Furthermore, 87% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, while 72% of the isolates displayed multi-drug resistance. Half of the MDR isolates harboured a VG. These results suggest that cemeteries are potential reservoirs of MDR pathogenic E. coli, originating from surrounding informal settlements, which could contaminate groundwater if the cemeteries are in areas with shallow aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa
- Water Research Commission, Private Bag X03 Gezina, Pretoria 0031, South Africa.
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa.
| | - Chantelle Schmidt
- Engineering Geology and Hydrology, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa.
| | - Matthys Alois Dippenaar
- Engineering Geology and Hydrology, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa.
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Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Pellizzeri V, Pľuchtová M, Tali-Maama H, Assaous F, Guettou B, Rahal K, Gruľová D, Dugo G, Marino A, Ben-Mahdi MH. Antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil alone and in combination with cefotaxime against blaESBL producing multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2647-2654. [PMID: 29726697 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1466124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the susceptibility of blaESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae to Slovakian Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) alone and in combination with cefotaxime (CTX). TVEO composition was determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Susceptibility to 21 antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion assay. Genes characterization for resistance to β-lactams was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibacterial activity was investigated by standard methods. The synergistic interaction was determined by checkerboard test. Thymol (34.5%), p-cymene (22.27%) and linalool (5.35%) were the major components present in the TVEO. The identified strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR). TVEO showed high activity against all MDR strains, including blaESBL producing isolates, with inhibition zones and MIC values in the range of 24-40 mm/10μL and 2.87-11.5 μg/mL, respectively. TVEO in combination with CTX showed a synergistic action against blaSHV-12 producing Escherichia coli (FICI 0.28) and an additive effect vs ESBL producing Enterobacter cloacae (FICI 0.987).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- a Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Nursing Department , University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis of Mostaganem , Mostaganem , Algeria.,b Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Production Animale» , Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- c Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Vito Pellizzeri
- c Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Mária Pľuchtová
- d Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology , University of Prešov , Prešov , Slovakia
| | - Hassiba Tali-Maama
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Farida Assaous
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Badia Guettou
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Kheira Rahal
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Daniela Gruľová
- d Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology , University of Prešov , Prešov , Slovakia
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- c Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,f Science4Life, Spin Off Company , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Andreana Marino
- g Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Meriem-Hind Ben-Mahdi
- b Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Production Animale» , Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach , Algiers , Algeria.,h Ecole Supérieure des Sciences des Aliments et des Industries Agroalimentaires , Algiers , Algeria
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40
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Zou W, Li C, Yang X, Wang Y, Cheng G, Zeng J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Cai R, Huang Q, Feng L, Wang H, Li D, Zhang G, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Frequency of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Niero G, Bortolaia V, Vanni M, Intorre L, Guardabassi L, Piccirillo A. High diversity of genes and plasmids encoding resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones in clinical Escherichia coli from commercial poultry flocks in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Kaldhone PR, Han J, Deck J, Khajanchi B, Nayak R, Foley SL, Ricke SC. Evaluation of the Genetics and Functionality of Plasmids in Incompatibility Group I1-Positive Salmonella enterica. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 15:168-176. [PMID: 29265877 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a predominant foodborne pathogen in the United States and other countries. Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids allow Salmonella to adapt to external stress factors such as nutrient deprivation and host factors. Incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmid-carrying Salmonella enterica strains were examined to determine the presence of plasmid-associated genes and their influence on phenotypic characteristics. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic determinants on IncI1 plasmids and their impact on antimicrobial susceptibility, competitive growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, and plasmid transfer. Primers were designed for genes that play a role in virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and plasmid transfer based on previously sequenced IncI1 plasmids. Polymerase chain reaction assays were conducted on 92 incompatibility group I1 (IncI1)-positive S. enterica strains. Phenotypic characterization included conjugation assays, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and bacteriocin production based on the inhibition of growth of colicin-negative E. coli J53. The antimicrobial resistance genes aadA1, tetA, sul1, and blaCMY were detected in 88%, 87%, 80%, and 48% of the strains, respectively. Over half of the strains were resistant or intermediately resistant to streptomycin (85%), sulfonamides (76%), tetracycline (74%), and ampicillin (68%) and 57% of the strains inhibited growth of E. coli J53 strain. Among putative virulence genes, colicin-associated colI and cib were detected in 23% and 35% of strains and imm and ccdA were present in 58% and 54% of strains, respectively. Approximately 61% of strains contained plasmids that conjugally transferred antimicrobial resistance, including 83% where the recipient received IncI1 plasmids. Most of the strains carried an assortment of transfer associated (pil and tra) genes with between 63% and 99% of strains being positive for individual genes. Taken together the study affirms that IncI1 plasmids likely play roles in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated factors among enteric organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin R Kaldhone
- 1 Food Science Department, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas.,2 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Jing Han
- 2 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Joanna Deck
- 2 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Bijay Khajanchi
- 2 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Rajesh Nayak
- 2 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Steven L Foley
- 2 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Steven C Ricke
- 1 Food Science Department, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Younis G, Awad A, Mohamed N. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens. Vet World 2017; 10:1167-1172. [PMID: 29184361 PMCID: PMC5682260 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1167-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is pathogenic strains of E. coli that are responsible for one of the most common bacterial diseases affecting poultry worldwide. This study was designed to determine the occurrence, antibiotic resistance profile, and antibiotic resistance genes of E. coli isolated from diseased and freshly dead broilers. Materials and Methods: In that context, a total of 200 broilers samples were examined by standard microbiological techniques for isolation of E. coli, and tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility against 15 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion method. In addition, E. coli isolates were screened by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of a number of resistance genes including aadA1 gene encodes streptomycin/neomycin, tetA encodes resistance to tetracycline, sul1 encodes sulfonamides, and β-lactamase encoding genes (blaTEM and blaSHV). Results: A total of 73 (36.5%) isolates were biochemically identified as E. coli strains. O78, O2, and O1 are the most prevalent serotypes detected. E. coli displayed a high resistance against penicillin (100%), followed by cefepime (95.8%) and a low resistance to norfloxacin (36.9%), and chloramphenicol (30%). Depending on the results of PCR, sul1 gene was the most predominant antibiotic resistant gene (87%) followed by blaTEM (78%), tetA genes (60%), and aadA (54%). However, blaSHV had the lowest prevalence (23%). Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated the importance of studies on APEC and antibiotic resistance genes in our region which associated with intensive poultry industry, aiming to acquire preventive measures to minimize losses due to APEC and associated multidrug-resistance and resistance genes that of high significance to the rational use of antibiotics in clinical and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Younis
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada Mohamed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Nhung NT, Chansiripornchai N, Carrique-Mas JJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:126. [PMID: 28848739 PMCID: PMC5554362 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. Antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a source of resistant bacteria/genes (including zoonotic bacteria) that may represent a risk to human health. Here we reviewed data on AMR in 12 poultry pathogens, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella Pullorum/Gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Gallibacterium anatis, Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Riemerella anatipestifer. A number of studies have demonstrated increases in resistance over time for S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, M. gallisepticum, and G. anatis. Among Enterobacteriaceae, APEC isolates displayed considerably higher levels of AMR compared with S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, with prevalence of resistance over >80% for ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline across studies. Among the Gram-negative, non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, ORT had the highest levels of phenotypic resistance with median levels of AMR against co-trimoxazole, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, and ceftiofur all exceeding 50%. In contrast, levels of resistance among P. multocida isolates were less than 20% for all antimicrobials. The study highlights considerable disparities in methodologies, as well as in criteria for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and result interpretation. It is necessary to increase efforts to harmonize testing practices, and to promote free access to data on AMR in order to improve treatment guidelines as well as to monitor the evolution of AMR in poultry bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Juan J Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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