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Kalbus AI, Cornelsen L, Ballatore A, Cummins S. Associations between the neighbourhood food environment and food and drink purchasing in England during lockdown: A repeated cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305295. [PMID: 39018304 PMCID: PMC11253942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence for the effect of neighbourhood food environment (NFE) exposures on diet in the UK is mixed, potentially due to exposure misclassification. This study used the first national COVID-19 lockdown in England as an opportunity to isolate the independent effects of the NFE exposure on food and drink purchasing, and assessed whether these varied by region. METHODS Transaction-level purchasing data for food and drink items for at-home (1,221 households) and out-of-home consumption (171 individuals) were available from the GB Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods Panel for London and the North of England. The study period included 23rd March to 10th May 2020 ('lockdown'), and the same period in 2019 for comparison. NFE exposures included food outlet density and proximity, and NFE composition within a 1 km network buffer around the home. Associations were estimated for both years separately, adjusted for individual and household characteristics, population density and area deprivation. Interaction terms between region and exposures were explored. RESULTS There were no consistent patterns of association between NFE exposures and food and drink purchasing in either time period. In 2019, there was some evidence for a 1.4% decrease in energy purchased from ultra-processed foods for each additional 500 m in the distance to the nearest OOH outlet (IR 0.986, 95% CI 0.977 to 0.995, p = 0.020). In 2020, there was some evidence for a 1.8% reduction in total take-home energy for each additional chain supermarket per km2 in the neighbourhood (IR 0.982, 95% CI 0.969, 0.995, p = 0.045). Region-specific effects were observed in 2019 only. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that the differences in exposure to the NFE may not explain differences in the patterns or healthiness of grocery purchasing. Observed pre-pandemic region-specific effects allude to the importance of geographical context when designing research and policy. Future research may assess associations for those who relied on their NFE during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Irene Kalbus
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ballatore
- Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Safayet M, Casellas Connors JP, Watson M. Measuring access to food banks and food pantries: A scoping review of spatial analysis approaches. Health Place 2024; 88:103251. [PMID: 38744054 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Food banks and food pantries are crucial in supporting access to food and addressing food insecurity for millions of people. This scoping review identified eighteen articles that applied spatial analysis approaches to measure access to food banks and food pantries. The review summarizes the methods and primary findings of these studies, and examines how these address different dimensions of food access. Findings suggest that the majority of studies measured the accessibility and availability dimensions of food access, and two addressed accommodation. Through a discussion of these studies' methods and broader literature on food environments, we highlight opportunities to integrate advanced geospatial and mixed methods to support an empirically grounded and broader understanding of food bank and pantry access in future research. This will yield a more holistic picture of food environments and provide practical implications for site selection, resource allocation, and food assistance operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastura Safayet
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - John P Casellas Connors
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Hazards Reduction and Recovery Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Maria Watson
- M.E. Rinker, Sr. School of Construction Management, Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Tharrey M, Bohn T, Klein O, Bulaev D, Van Beek J, Nazare JA, Franco M, Malisoux L, Perchoux C. Local retail food environment exposure and diet quality in rural and urban adults: A longitudinal analysis of the ORISCAV-LUX cohort study. Health Place 2024; 87:103240. [PMID: 38593577 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite growing interest in understanding how food environments shape dietary behaviors, European longitudinal evidence is scarce. We aimed to investigate the associations of 9-year average and change in exposure to local retail food environments with the diet quality of residents in Luxembourg. We used data from 566 adults enrolled in both waves of the nationwide ORISCAV-LUX study (2007-2017). Dietary quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Exposure to "healthy" and "less healthy" food outlets was assessed by both absolute and relative GIS-based measurements. The results showed a 56.3% increase in less healthy food outlets over the period. In adjusted linear mixed models, high (vs. low) 9-year average exposure to less healthy food outlets was associated with lower DQI-I, when examining spatial access (β = -1.25, 95% CI: -2.29, -0.22) and proportions (β = -1.24, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.33). Stratified analyses showed these associations to be significant only among urban residents. There was no association between change in exposure to less healthy food outlets and DQI-I. Increased exposure to healthy outlets in rural areas, using absolute measurements, was associated with worsened DQI-I. Neighborhood socioeconomic status did not moderate the above associations. Findings suggest that the proliferation of less healthy food outlets may have contributed to the deterioration of the diet quality of urban residents, and support the use of relative measurements to fully capture the healthiness of food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tharrey
- Department of Urban Development and Mobility, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, 11 Porte des Sciences, 4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Klein
- Department of Urban Development and Mobility, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, 11 Porte des Sciences, 4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dmitry Bulaev
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Juliette Van Beek
- Department of Urban Development and Mobility, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, 11 Porte des Sciences, 4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN Laboratory, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Manuel Franco
- Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences Department, Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Camille Perchoux
- Department of Urban Development and Mobility, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, 11 Porte des Sciences, 4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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4
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Siddiqui NZ, Wei L, Mackenbach JD, Pinho MGM, Helbich M, Schoonmade LJ, Beulens JWJ. Global positioning system-based food environment exposures, diet-related, and cardiometabolic health outcomes: a systematic review and research agenda. Int J Health Geogr 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38321477 PMCID: PMC10848400 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-024-00362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic access to food may affect dietary choices and health outcomes, but the strength and direction of associations may depend on the operationalization of exposure measures. We aimed to systematically review the literature on up-to-date evidence on the association between food environment exposures based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and diet-related and cardiometabolic health outcomes. METHODS The databases PubMed, Embase.com, APA PsycInfo (via Ebsco), Cinahl (via Ebsco), the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (via ProQuest) were searched from inception to October 31, 2022. We included studies that measured the activity space through GPS tracking data to identify exposure to food outlets and assessed associations with either diet-related or cardiometabolic health outcomes. Quality assessment was evaluated using the criteria from a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. We additionally used four items from a quality assessment tool to specifically assess the quality of GPS measurements. RESULTS Of 2949 studies retrieved, 14 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. They were heterogeneous and represent inconsistent evidence. Yet, three studies found associations between food outlets and food purchases, for example, more exposure to junk food outlets was associated with higher odds of junk food purchases. Two studies found associations between greater exposure to fast food outlets and higher fast food consumption and out of three studies that investigated food environment in relation to metabolic outcomes, two studies found that higher exposure to an unhealthy food environment was associated with higher odds of being overweight. CONCLUSIONS The current and limited evidence base does not provide strong evidence for consistent associations of GPS-based exposures of the food environment with diet-related and cardiometabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Z Siddiqui
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria G M Pinho
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda J Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Li X, Wang H, Manafe H, Braakhuis A, Li Z, Roy R. Assessing food availability and healthier options in an urban Chinese university: a case study using the Chinese Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for Stores (C-NEMS-S). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38167012 PMCID: PMC10759656 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Young adults (18-24 years) in universities are frequently exposed to an environment that promotes unhealthy eating behaviors. Using a validated tool, the Chinese Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for Stores (C-NEMS-S), we assess the food availability and healthier options in a large, urban Chinese university. We employed C-NEMS-S for scoring criteria and weighting. A total of 52 on-campus canteen outlets were audited in an urban university located in Shijiazhuang City, China. General food outlets (n 43) and self-served food outlets (n 7) were further categorized into eight subtypes. Beverage outlets (n 2) were discussed separately from food outlets. C-NEMS-S scores were significantly different across food outlet types (P = 0.0024), especially between noodle and rice outlets (P = 0.0415). Food availability scores for starchy tubers (P < 0.001), dry beans (P < 0.001), vegetables (P = 0.0225), and fruits (P < 0.001) were significantly different across food outlet subtypes. Healthier options were scarce and only appeared in "grains" (n 2) and "meat and poultry" (n 2) categories. Further research on improving the accustomed audit tool and assessing university student diet quality is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Li
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health SZX2021021, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health SZX2021021, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China
| | - Hendra Manafe
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health SZX2021021, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China
| | - Andrea Braakhuis
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zengning Li
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China.
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health SZX2021021, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China.
| | - Rajshri Roy
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
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de Freitas PP, Lopes MS, Costa BVDL, Sales DM, de Menezes MC, Jaime PC, Lopes ACS. A longitudinal analysis of the fluctuation of food stores in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2454. [PMID: 38062435 PMCID: PMC10704749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in food environments have the potential to affect consumption, nutritional status, and health, and understanding these changes is of utmost importance. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the fluctuation of food stores that sell fruits and vegetables over five years in the health promotion service area of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS This was an ecological study that used data from a food environment audit conducted in the realm of Brazilian PHC. Buffers of 1 mile (equivalent to 1600 m) were created around health promotion services to define food environments. All food stores and open-air food markets that sold fruits and vegetables (FV) within this buffer area were considered eligible. The data collection was performed during two periods: the baseline, in 2013, and after five years, in 2018. This study compares the fluctuation by the type of stores and according to the health vulnerability index (HVI). RESULTS After 5 years, 35.2% of the stores were stable; 154 stores were closed, and 155 were opened. The stability was greater in low-vulnerability areas, and the fluctuation differed by type of store only for areas with high vulnerability. The number of supermarket decreased in high HVI territories; and local stores, showed greater stability when compared to specialized FV markets. CONCLUSIONS The differences in store fluctuations according to the vulnerability of areas demonstrate the importance of food supply policies considering the local characteristics to reduce inequities of access to healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pinheiro de Freitas
- Research Group on Nutrition Interventions, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, room 316, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campos I, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vieira de Lima Costa
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, room 314, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Denise Marques Sales
- Institute of Geosciences in Geography (IGC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6.627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- School of Nutrition, Research Group on Nutrition and Collective Health, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, St Dois, 607, room 64, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Constante Jaime
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
- Research Group on Nutrition Interventions, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, room 316, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.
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Siddiqui NZ, Pinho MGM, Rutters F, Beulens JWJ, Mackenbach JD. The interaction between the community food environment and cooking skills in association with diet-related outcomes in Dutch adults. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2945-2952. [PMID: 37850441 PMCID: PMC10755447 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether associations between the food environment, frequency of home cooking, diet quality and BMI were modified by the level of cooking skills. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using linear and modified Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, education, income, household size and urbanisation. The frequency of home cooking was categorised into <6 and 6-7 d. Diet quality was based on a validated Dutch healthy diet index (0-150 points). Count of restaurants and food stores were determined by their count in a 1000m buffer around home and work. Cooking skills (score 1-5) were assessed using a validated questionnaire and added as interaction term. SETTING The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 1461 adults aged 18-65 years. RESULTS Count of restaurants and food stores were not associated with the frequency of home cooking. A 10-unit higher count of food stores was associated with a higher diet quality (β: 0·58 (95 % CI (0·04, 1·12)), and a 10-unit higher count of restaurants was associated with a lower BMI kg/m2 (β: -0·02 (95 % CI (-0·04, -0·004)). Better cooking skills were associated with a higher likelihood of cooking 6-7 d compared with <6 d (risk ratio: 1·24 (95 % CI (1·16, 1·31)) and a higher diet quality (β: 4·45 (95 % CI (3·27, 5·63)) but not with BMI. We observed no interaction between the food environment and cooking skills (P-for-interaction > 0·1). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to food stores was associated with a higher diet quality and exposure to restaurants with a lower BMI. Better cooking skills were associated with a higher frequency of home cooking and better diet quality but did not modify associations with the food environment. Future studies should explore different approaches to understand how individuals interact with their food environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Z Siddiqui
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria GM Pinho
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joline WJ Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Stacherl B, Sauzet O. Gravity models for potential spatial healthcare access measurement: a systematic methodological review. Int J Health Geogr 2023; 22:34. [PMID: 38041129 PMCID: PMC10693160 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-023-00358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying spatial access to care-the interplay of accessibility and availability-is vital for healthcare planning and understanding implications of services (mal-)distribution. A plethora of methods aims to measure potential spatial access to healthcare services. The current study conducts a systematic review to identify and assess gravity model-type methods for spatial healthcare access measurement and to summarize the use of these measures in empirical research. METHODS A two-step approach was used to identify (1) methodological studies that presented a novel gravity model for measuring spatial access to healthcare and (2) empirical studies that applied one of these methods in a healthcare context. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in the first step. Forward citation search was used in the second step. RESULTS We identified 43 studies presenting a methodological development and 346 empirical application cases of those methods in 309 studies. Two major conceptual developments emerged: The Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method and the Kernel Density (KD) method. Virtually all other methodological developments evolved from the 2SFCA method, forming the 2SFCA method family. Novel methodologies within the 2SFCA family introduced developments regarding distance decay within the catchment area, variable catchment area sizes, outcome unit, provider competition, local and global distance decay, subgroup-specific access, multiple transportation modes, and time-dependent access. Methodological developments aimed to either approximate reality, fit a specific context, or correct methodology. Empirical studies almost exclusively applied methods from the 2SFCA family while other gravity model types were applied rarely. Distance decay within catchment areas was frequently implemented in application studies, however, the initial 2SFCA method remains common in empirical research. Most empirical studies used the spatial access measure for descriptive purposes. Increasingly, gravity model measures also served as potential explanatory factor for health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Gravity models for measuring potential spatial healthcare access are almost exclusively dominated by the family of 2SFCA methods-both for methodological developments and applications in empirical research. While methodological developments incorporate increasing methodological complexity, research practice largely applies gravity models with straightforward intuition and moderate data and computational requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stacherl
- Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstraße 58, 11017, Berlin, Germany
| | - Odile Sauzet
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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9
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Scharadin B, Zanocco C, Chistolini J. Food retail environments, extreme weather, and their overlap: Exploratory analysis and recommendations for U.S. food policy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289282. [PMID: 37939027 PMCID: PMC10631631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, yet many of their impacts on human populations are not well understood. We examine the relationship between prior extreme weather events and food environment characteristics. To do so, we conduct a U.S. county-level analysis that assesses the association between extreme weather events and two common food retail environment dimensions. Overall, we find a relationship between higher levels of historic extreme weather exposure and lower food availability and accessibility. In addition, we find heterogeneity in association across the distribution of the number of extreme weather events and event type. Specifically, we find that more localized extreme weather events are more associated with a reduction of access and availability than broad geographic events. Our findings suggest that as extreme weather events amplify in intensity and increase in frequency, new approaches for mitigating less acute and longer-term impacts are needed to address how extreme weather may interact with and reinforce existing disparities in food environment factors. Furthermore, our research argues that integrated approaches to improving vulnerable food retail environments will become an important component of extreme weather planning and should be a consideration in both disaster- and food-related policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Scharadin
- Department of Economics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, United States of America
| | - Chad Zanocco
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Chistolini
- Department of Statistics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, United States of America
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10
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Hoenink JC, Huang Y, Keeble M, Mackenbach JD, Pinho MG, Burgoine T, Adams J. Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study. Health Place 2023; 84:103135. [PMID: 37832327 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This area-level cross-sectional study examined online food outlet availability through the most popular online food delivery service platforms (OFDS) across seven European countries, and explored how this online food outlet availability was socioeconomically distributed. Data collection of online food outlet availability was automated in England, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. We used a geographic information system to join online food outlet availability to socio-demographic information. Median number of food outlets delivering through OFDS was highest in England and lowest in Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also found that high-income areas have the greatest online food outlet availability in most countries. In England, areas with a middle income had the least online food outlets available and no income data was available for Switzerland. Further work is needed to understand drivers of disparities in online food outlet availability, as well as possible implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C Hoenink
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
| | - Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Keeble
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Gm Pinho
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Department Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Algur Y, Rummo PE, McAlexander TP, De Silva SSA, Lovasi GS, Judd SE, Ryan V, Malla G, Koyama AK, Lee DC, Thorpe LE, McClure LA. Assessing the association between food environment and dietary inflammation by community type: a cross-sectional REGARDS study. Int J Health Geogr 2023; 22:24. [PMID: 37730612 PMCID: PMC10510199 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-023-00345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communities in the United States (US) exist on a continuum of urbanicity, which may inform how individuals interact with their food environment, and thus modify the relationship between food access and dietary behaviors. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aims to examine the modifying effect of community type in the association between the relative availability of food outlets and dietary inflammation across the US. METHODS Using baseline data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (2003-2007), we calculated participants' dietary inflammation score (DIS). Higher DIS indicates greater pro-inflammatory exposure. We defined our exposures as the relative availability of supermarkets and fast-food restaurants (percentage of food outlet type out of all food stores or restaurants, respectively) using street-network buffers around the population-weighted centroid of each participant's census tract. We used 1-, 2-, 6-, and 10-mile (~ 2-, 3-, 10-, and 16 km) buffer sizes for higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, and rural community types, respectively. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the association between relative food outlet availability and DIS, controlling for individual and neighborhood socio-demographics and total food outlets. The percentage of supermarkets and fast-food restaurants were modeled together. RESULTS Participants (n = 20,322) were distributed across all community types: higher density urban (16.7%), lower density urban (39.8%), suburban/small town (19.3%), and rural (24.2%). Across all community types, mean DIS was - 0.004 (SD = 2.5; min = - 14.2, max = 9.9). DIS was associated with relative availability of fast-food restaurants, but not supermarkets. Association between fast-food restaurants and DIS varied by community type (P for interaction = 0.02). Increases in the relative availability of fast-food restaurants were associated with higher DIS in suburban/small towns and lower density urban areas (p-values < 0.01); no significant associations were present in higher density urban or rural areas. CONCLUSIONS The relative availability of fast-food restaurants was associated with higher DIS among participants residing in suburban/small town and lower density urban community types, suggesting that these communities might benefit most from interventions and policies that either promote restaurant diversity or expand healthier food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Algur
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tara P McAlexander
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S Shanika A De Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victoria Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gargya Malla
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alain K Koyama
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David C Lee
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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12
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Wei L, Mackenbach JD, Poelman MP, Vermeulen R, Helbich M. A detour for snacks and beverages? A cross-sectional assessment of selective daily mobility bias in food outlet exposure along the commuting route and dietary intakes. Health Place 2023; 83:103088. [PMID: 37487258 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The evidence of selective daily mobility bias distorting exposure-health associations is limited. Using 7-day smartphone-based global positioning system (GPS) tracking data for 67 Dutch adults aged 25-45, we conducted paired Wilcoxon tests to compare the absolute and relative exposure to food outlets along actual and modelled commuting routes. We fitted Tobit regressions to examine their associations with three daily snack and soft drink intake outcomes. We found significant differences in absolute food outlet exposure between two types of routes. Adjusted regression analyses yielded unexpected associations between dietary intakes and food outlet exposures. Our results suggested no evidence of a selective daily mobility bias in the association between the food environment along commuting routes and adults' snacks and soft drink consumption in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Wood SM, Alston L, Beks H, Mc Namara K, Coffee NT, Clark RA, Wong Shee A, Versace VL. Quality appraisal of spatial epidemiology and health geography research: A scoping review of systematic reviews. Health Place 2023; 83:103108. [PMID: 37651961 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to understand how systematic reviews assess the methodological quality of spatial epidemiology and health geography research. Fifty-nine eligible reviews were identified and included. Variations in the use of quality appraisal tools were found. Reviews applied existing quality appraisal tools with no adaptations (n = 32; 54%), existing quality appraisal tools with adaptations (n = 9; 15%), adapted tools or methods from other reviews (n = 13; 22%), and developed new quality appraisal tools for the review (n = 5; 8%). Future research should focus on developing and validating a quality appraisal tool that evaluates the spatial methodology within studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Wood
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia.
| | - Laura Alston
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Research Unit, Colac Area Health, Colac, Vic, Australia
| | - Hannah Beks
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Namara
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Neil T Coffee
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Australian Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robyn A Clark
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, SA, Australia; Southern Adelaide Health Care Services, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Wong Shee
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Vincent L Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
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14
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Nicholas KM, Thompson AL, Wasser HM, Bentley ME. Healthy home food environments of pregnant Black women are shaped by food outlet access and participation in nutrition assistance programs. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23903. [PMID: 37025042 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improving access to healthy food in Black communities is imperative to combat intergenerational health disparities. Pregnant Black women represent an especially vulnerable population to multiple (and overlapping) sources of socioeconomic and political disenfranchisement and thus for whom maternal nutrition is crucial. This study aimed to (1) define household food environment types, (2) determine whether the distribution of community food outlets is associated with these household food environment types, and (3) determine whether the community-household food environment relationship differs by maternal education or participation in nutrition assistance programs. METHODS Cross-sectional data for pregnant Black women in North Carolina (n = 429) come from the Mothers & Others study, an obesity-prevention randomized control trial, with linked spatial data on all community food outlets (n = 6312) in the study area in 2015. Factor analysis was used to define household food environment types. These factor scores were regressed on access metrics to community food outlets. Adjusted linear regressions tested interaction by maternal education and nutrition assistance programs. RESULTS Four household food environment types were defined: Factor 1 (fresh fruits and vegetables (F/V), low snack), Factor 2 (canned F/V, sweet drinks), Factor 3 (dried/frozen F/V, candy), and Factor 4 (low F/V, soda). Having more convenience stores within 0.25 miles was associated with higher Factor 4 scores. No food outlets were associated with higher Factor 1 scores overall. However, SNAP or WIC participating households saw higher Factor 1 scores with increased access to supermarkets, convenience stores, and dollar stores. CONCLUSIONS Nutrition assistance programs play an important role as buffers against unhealthy community food environments which influence household food environments and maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristopher M Nicholas
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda L Thompson
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather M Wasser
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret E Bentley
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Caruso OT, Schaafsma HN, McEachern LW, Gilliland JA. The campus food environment and postsecondary student diet: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37437204 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2227725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examine the impact of the campus food environment on postsecondary students' dietary behaviors (e.g., dietary intake) and food purchasing. Participants: Students currently attending a postsecondary institution, all ages and geographic locations included. Methods: A systematic search from January 2000-October 2022 was conducted in six databases using postsecondary education, food environment, and diet related keywords. Results: In total, 25 quantitative and 10 qualitative studies were extracted. All quantitative studies that conducted statistical analyses (n = 15) reported a statistically significant relationship between the campus food environment and dietary intake, including both positive and negative effects. All qualitative studies (n = 10) discussed students' experience of the campus food environment influencing their diet. Conclusions: This review found moderate evidence that the campus food environment has an impact on postsecondary students' dietary behaviors. A campus environment that has healthy foods accessible, affordable, and acceptable for postsecondary students may have a beneficial impact on students' dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T Caruso
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly N Schaafsma
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise W McEachern
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Madlala SS, Hill J, Kunneke E, Lopes T, Faber M. Adult food choices in association with the local retail food environment and food access in resource-poor communities: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1083. [PMID: 37280606 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of research on local retail food environments globally in both urban and rural settings. Despite this, little research has been conducted on adult food choices, local retail environments, and healthy food access in resource-poor communities. The purpose of this study is therefore to provide an overview of the evidence on adult food choices (measured as dietary intake) in association with the local retail food environment and food access in resource-poor communities (defined as low-income communities and/or households). METHODS We searched nine databases for studies published from July 2005 to March 2022 and identified 2426 records in the primary and updated search. Observational studies, empirical and theoretical studies, focused on adults ≤ 65 years, published in English peer-reviewed journals, examining local retail food environments and food access, were included. Two independent reviewers screened identified articles using the selection criteria and data extraction form. Study characteristics and findings were summarized for all studies and relevant themes summarized for qualitative and mixed methods studies. RESULTS A total of 47 studies were included in this review. Most studies were cross sectional (93.6%) and conducted in the United States of America (70%). Nineteen (40.4%) studies assessed the association between food choice outcomes and local retail food environment exposures, and evidence on these associations are inconclusive. Associations of certain food choice outcomes with healthy food retail environments were positive for healthy foods (in 11 studies) and unhealthy foods (in 3 studies). Associations of certain food choice outcomes with unhealthy retail food environment exposures were positive for unhealthy foods in 1 study and negative for healthy foods in 3 studies. In 9 studies, some of the food choice outcomes were not associated with retail food environment exposures. A healthy food store type and lower food prices were found to be major facilitators for healthy food access in resource-poor communities, while cost and transportation were the main barriers. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed on the local retail food environment in communities in low- and middle-income countries to develop better interventions to improve food choices and access to healthy foods in resource-poor communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samukelisiwe S Madlala
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jillian Hill
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta Kunneke
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tatum Lopes
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mieke Faber
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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17
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Calloway EE, Carpenter LR, Gargano T, Sharp JL, Yaroch AL. New measures to assess the "Other" three pillars of food security-availability, utilization, and stability. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:51. [PMID: 37101157 PMCID: PMC10134599 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent reviews of available measures, no existing measures assessed all four pillars of food security and most only assessed one or two pillars-predominantly the access pillar. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily develop novel measures of availability, utilization, and stability that are complementary to the USDA's household food security survey measure (HFSSM). METHODS A formative phase included an expert advisory group, literature scans, and interviews with individuals experiencing food insecurity. From April-June 2021, the new measures were piloted in five states (California, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, and Washington). The cross-sectional pilot survey included the new measures (perceived limited availability, utilization barriers, and food insecurity stability), scales and items for validation (e.g., food security, and self-reported dietary and health outcomes), and demographic questions. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess dimensionality, internal consistency was assessed using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 (KR21), and convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Also, a brief screener version was created for the utilization barriers measure that may be necessary for certain applications (e.g., clinical intake screening to inform referrals to assistance programs). RESULTS The analytic samples (perceived limited availability (n = 334); utilization barriers (n = 428); food insecurity stability (n = 445)) were around 45 years old on average, most households had children, over two-thirds were food insecure, over three-fourths were women, and the samples were racially/ethnically diverse. All items loaded highly and unambiguously to a factor (factor loadings range 0.525-0.903). Food insecurity stability showed a four-factor structure, utilization barriers showed a two-factor structure, and perceived limited availability showed a two-factor structure. KR21 metrics ranged from 0.72 to 0.84. Higher scores for the new measures were generally associated with increased food insecurity (rhos = 0.248-0.497), except for one of the food insecurity stability scores. Also, several of the measures were associated with statistically significantly worse health and dietary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the reliability and construct validity of these new measures within a largely low-income and food insecure sample of households in the United States. Following further testing, such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis in future samples, these measures may be used in various applications to promote a more comprehensive understanding of the food insecurity experience. Such work can help inform novel intervention approaches to address food insecurity more fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Calloway
- The Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE, 68154, USA.
| | - Leah R Carpenter
- The Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE, 68154, USA
| | - Tony Gargano
- The Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE, 68154, USA
| | | | - Amy L Yaroch
- The Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE, 68154, USA
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18
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Kalbus A, Ballatore A, Cornelsen L, Greener R, Cummins S. Associations between area deprivation and changes in the digital food environment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal analysis of three online food delivery platforms. Health Place 2023; 80:102976. [PMID: 36758447 PMCID: PMC9899780 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Online food delivery services facilitate access to unhealthy foods and have proliferated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores associations between neighbourhood deprivation and exposure to online food delivery services and changes in exposure by deprivation during the first year of the pandemic. Data on food outlets delivering to 661 postcode districts in London and the North of England in 2020 and 2021 were collected from three online delivery platforms. The association between area deprivation and overall exposure to online food delivery services was moderated by region, with evidence of a positive relationship between count of outlets and deprivation in the North of England, and a negative relationship in London. There was no association between area deprivation and growth of online food delivery services. Associations between neighbourhood deprivation and exposure to the digital food environment vary geographically. Consequently, policies aimed at the digital food environment need to be tailored to the local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kalbus
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Ballatore
- Department of Digital Humanities, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Greener
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
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19
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Kalbus A, Cornelsen L, Ballatore A, Cummins S. Associations between the food environment and food and drink purchasing using large-scale commercial purchasing data: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:72. [PMID: 36627591 PMCID: PMC9831883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for an association between the local food environment, diet and diet-related disease is mixed, particularly in the UK. One reason may be the use of more distal outcomes such as weight status and cardiovascular disease, rather than more proximal outcomes such as food purchasing. This study explores associations between food environment exposures and food and drink purchasing for at-home and out-of-home (OOH) consumption. METHODS We used item-level food and drink purchase data for London and the North of England, UK, drawn from the 2019 Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods panel to assess associations between food environment exposures and household-level take-home grocery (n=2,118) and individual-level out-of-home (n=447) food and drink purchasing. Density, proximity and relative composition measures were created for both supermarkets and OOH outlets (restaurants and takeaways) using a 1 km network buffer around the population-weighted centroid of households' home postcode districts. Associations between food environment exposure measures and frequency of take-home food and drink purchasing, total take-home calories, calories from fruits and vegetables, high fat, salt and sugar products, and ultra-processed foods (UPF), volume of take-home alcoholic beverages, and frequency of OOH purchasing were modelled using negative binomial regression adjusted for area deprivation, population density, and individual and household socio-economic characteristics. RESULTS There was some evidence for an inverse association between distance to OOH food outlets and calories purchased from ultra-processed foods (UPF), with a 500 m increase in distance to the nearest OOH outlet associated with a 1.1% reduction in calories from UPF (IR=0.989, 95%CI 0.982-0.997, p=0.040). There was some evidence for region-specific effects relating to purchased volumes of alcohol. However, there was no evidence for an overall association between food environment exposures and take-home and OOH food and drink purchasing. CONCLUSIONS Despite some evidence for exposure to OOH outlets and UPF purchases, this study finds limited evidence for the impact of the food environment on household food and drink purchasing. Nonetheless, region-specific effects regarding alcohol purchasing indicate the importance of geographical context for research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kalbus
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrea Ballatore
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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20
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Mackenbach JD, Widener MJ, van der Gaag E, Pinho MG. Survey-derived activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and their cross-sectional associations with use of fast food outlets, diet quality and BMI. Health Place 2023; 79:102966. [PMID: 36608585 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for conceptual and methodological innovation in food environment-health research. We compared different operationalizations of survey-derived activity space exposures to fast food outlets (FFOs) in associations with use of FFO, diet quality and body mass index (BMI). FFO exposure was determined for home, work and a maximum of sixteen other locations reported by 1728 Dutch adults. Considerable differences in count of FFO between locations were found. Adjusted linear regression analyses resulted in small, unexpected associations with use of FFO, diet quality and BMI, whereby the strength of associations differed between exposure measures. Using home and work areas may be a cost-efficient compromise to capture large parts of the exposure to FFOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands.
| | - Michael J Widener
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto - St George, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilie van der Gaag
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Gm Pinho
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands
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21
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Bivoltsis A, Christian H, Ambrosini GL, Hooper P, Pulker CE, Thornton L, Trapp GSA. The community food environment and its association with diet, health or weight status in Australia: A systematic review with recommendations for future research. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:328-365. [PMID: 36433658 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED This study systematically reviewed Australian literature to determine if an association exists between geospatial exposure to food outlets and diet, health or weight status. Recommendations for future research are provided. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in December 2021 using CINAHL Plus, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Data were extracted, as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using an eight-item checklist. A descriptive synthesis of study characteristics and findings was carried out, stratified via study outcomes. RESULTS Of the 36 included articles, the majority were from Victoria (n = 19), involving adult participants (n = 30) and cross-sectional in design (n = 27). Overall, associations were mainly null (nonsignificant) for diet (80%), weight status (75%) and health outcomes (90%). Significant findings were mixed with no positive trend with study quality. CONCLUSIONS Six recommendations are suggested to address current knowledge gaps and limitations in the Australian evidence base: (1) Conduct research on different populations; (2) Employ robust study designs that can test the impact of change over time; (3) Improve the accuracy of food outlet data sources; (4) Improve food outlet geospatial exposure measures; (5) Improve measurement of outcome variables; and (6) Incorporate theoretical models into study design and data analysis. SO WHAT?: Improving the quality and consistency of research will be critical to informing locally relevant policy. Despite the present limitations in the evidence base, it is reasonable to assume that decisions to purchase and consume food are driven by availability and access. Thus, policy and planning aimed at improving the overall "healthiness" of the community food environment by increasing access to healthy food outlets is warranted to ensure that healthy options are easier choice for all.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gina L Ambrosini
- Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paula Hooper
- The Australian Urban Design Research Centre (AUDRC), School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claire E Pulker
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Community & Population Health, East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lukar Thornton
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gina S A Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Figueroa R, Baker K, Capellan J, Pinheiro LC, Burd L, Lim J, Chiong R, Eboh R, Phillips E. Residential urban food environment profiles and diet outcomes among adults in Brooklyn, New York: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-9. [PMID: 36384640 PMCID: PMC10131155 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clustering properties of residential urban food environment indicators across neighbourhoods and to determine if clustering profiles are associated with diet outcomes among adults in Brooklyn, New York. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Five neighbourhoods in Brooklyn, New York. PARTICIPANTS Survey data (n 1493) were collected among adults in Brooklyn, New York between April 2019 and September 2019. Data for food environment indicators (fast-food restaurants, bodegas, supermarkets, farmer's markets, community kitchens, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program application centres, food pantries) were drawn from New York databases. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify individuals' food access-related profiles, based on food environments measured by the availability of each outlet within each participant's 800-m buffer. Profile memberships were associated with dietary outcomes using mixed linear regression. RESULTS LPA identified four residential urban food environment profiles (with significant high clusters ranging from 17 to 57 across profiles): limited/low food access, (n 587), bodega-dense (n 140), food swamp (n 254) and high food access (n 512) profiles. Diet outcomes were not statistically different across identified profiles. Only participants in the limited/low food access profile were more likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) than those in the bodega-dense profile (b = 0·44, P < 0·05) in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in limited and low food access neighbourhoods are vulnerable to consuming significant amounts of SSB compared with those in bodega-dense communities. Further research is warranted to elucidate strategies to improve fruit and vegetable consumption while reducing SSB intake within residential urban food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Figueroa
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Katherine Baker
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Joel Capellan
- Law & Justice Studies, Rowan University, 215 Mullica Road, Glassboro, NJ08028, USA
| | - Laura C Pinheiro
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cornell Center for Health Equity, Weill Cornell Medicine College, 338 East 66th Street, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Laura Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Jane Lim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Reah Chiong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Relicious Eboh
- Master of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Erica Phillips
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cornell Center for Health Equity, Weill Cornell Medicine College, 338 East 66th Street, New York, NY10065, USA
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23
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Lee DE, Kim K. Regional Difference in the Effect of Food Accessibility and Affordability on Vegetable and Fruit Acquisition and Healthy Eating Behaviors for Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14973. [PMID: 36429690 PMCID: PMC9690073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The food environment has been determined to affect a range of healthy eating and health indicators, but the study on the regional difference of food environment effects on these outcomes is limited. This study aimed to examine whether food environment factors influence vegetable and fruit acquisition and healthy eating behaviors in urban and rural areas using a nationwide dataset. The study participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (n = 830) who participated in the 2019 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food provided by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Food environment factors were assessed using questionnaires measuring perceived food accessibility and affordability. The negative perceptions of food environment were related to lower vegetable and fruit acquisitions and poor healthy eating behaviors. The higher risks of low vegetable and fruit acquisitions in older rural adults were related to a negative perception of food accessibility only (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-4.32 for vegetable; OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.02-3.75 for fruit). For older urban adults, negative perceptions of both food accessibility and food affordability were related to the increased risk of low vegetable acquisition (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.07-3.83 for food accessibility; OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.26-5.04 for food affordability). In terms of healthy eating behaviors, for those who perceived that either food accessibility or affordability was poor, older urban adults were less likely to have various and healthy food eating behaviors when they had a negative perception of affordability (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.90 for variety; OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.46 for eating healthy foods); however, older rural adults were less likely to have the behaviors when they had a negative perception of accessibility (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.21-0.97 for variety; OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.63 for eating healthy foods). In conclusion, the negative perceptions of food accessibility and affordability were related to low vegetable acquisition and poor healthy eating behaviors. The effects of food accessibility and affordability on vegetable and fruit acquisitions and healthy eating behaviors were different between urban and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirang Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3472; Fax: +82-41-559-7955
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24
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Dessie ZG, Zewotir T, North D. The spatial modification effect of predictors on household level food insecurity in Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19353. [PMID: 36369275 PMCID: PMC9652367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Household food insecurity remains highly prevalent in developing countries (including in Ethiopia) and it has been recognized as a serious public health problem. Several factors such as demographic, economic, social, and clinical factors influence household food insecurity, and these vary geographically. In this work, we investigate the geographical modification of the effect of several factors on chronic food insecurity. The data is from the Ethiopia socioeconomic survey conducted by the Ethiopia Central Statistics Agency (ECSA) in collaboration with the World Bank. Ethiopia socioeconomic survey is a long-term project to collect nationally representative panel survey of over 6500 households. A geo-additive model which accounts the structured and unstructured special effect was adopted to estimate household food insecurity risk factors. The study also revealed significant spatial variations on household food insecurity among administrative zones. Mainly, household living in the Sidama, Gamo Gofa, Shinille, Basketo, Wolyita, Wag Hemira, Liben, Awi, Eastern Tigray and West Harerghe zones, having higher food insecurity than the other zones in Ethiopia. Moreover, the analysis also showed that availability of credit services, proximity to service centers, average years of schooling of members of the household, and household assets are negatively associated with household food insecurity, whereas shocks, age, and dependency ratio increase the odds of a household to be food insecured. The generalized geo-additive mixed-effects model enables simultaneous modeling of spatial correlation, heterogeneity and possible nonlinear effects of covariates. Our study investigated the spatial heterogeneity of household level food insecurity, and its association with shocks, age, dependency ratio, availability of credit services, average years of schooling, and household assets. Our findings have also an important implication for planning as well as in the search for the variables that might account for the residual spatial patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem G. Dessie
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ,grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Delia North
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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25
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Li J, Peterson A, Auchincloss AH, Hirsch JA, Rodriguez DA, Melly SJ, Moore KA, Diez-Roux AV, Sánchez BN. Comparing effects of Euclidean buffers and network buffers on associations between built environment and transport walking: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Int J Health Geogr 2022; 21:12. [PMID: 36115992 PMCID: PMC9482303 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-022-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transport walking has drawn growing interest due to its potential to increase levels of physical activities and reduce reliance on vehicles. While existing studies have compared built environment-health associations between Euclidean buffers and network buffers, no studies have systematically quantified the extent of bias in health effect estimates when exposures are measured in different buffers. Further, prior studies have done the comparisons focusing on only one or two geographic regions, limiting generalizability and restricting ability to test whether direction or magnitude of bias are different by context. This study aimed to quantify the degree of bias in associations between built environment exposures and transport walking when exposures were operationalized using Euclidean buffers rather than network buffers in diverse contexts. METHODS We performed a simulations study to systematically evaluate the degree of bias in associations between built environment exposures in Euclidean buffers and network buffers and transport walking, assuming network buffers more accurately captured true exposures. Additionally, we used empirical data from a multi-ethnic, multi-site cohort to compare associations between built environment amenities and walking for transport where built environment exposures were derived using Euclidean buffers versus network buffers. RESULTS Simulation results found that the bias induced by using Euclidean buffer models was consistently negative across the six study sites (ranging from -80% to -20%), suggesting built environment exposures measured using Euclidean buffers underestimate health effects on transport walking. Percent bias was uniformly smaller for the larger 5 km scale than the 1 km and 0.25 km spatial scales, independent of site or built environment categories. Empirical findings aligned with the simulation results: built environment-health associations were stronger for built environment exposures operationalized using network buffers than using Euclidean buffers. CONCLUSION This study is the first to quantify the extent of bias in the magnitude of the associations between built environment exposures and transport walking when the former are measured in Euclidean buffers vs. network buffers, informing future research to carefully conceptualize appropriate distance-based buffer metrics in order to better approximate real geographic contexts. It also helps contextualize existing research in the field that used Euclidean buffers when that were the only option. Further, this study provides an example of the uncertain geographic context problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Land Resources Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Hubei, 430074, Wuhan, China.
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Adam Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Nesbitt HallPhiladelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jana A Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Nesbitt HallPhiladelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel A Rodriguez
- Department of City & Regional Planning and Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California Berkeley, 230 Wurster Hall #1820, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Steven J Melly
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kari A Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ana V Diez-Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Nesbitt HallPhiladelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Nesbitt HallPhiladelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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26
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Jürkenbeck K, Mehlhose C, Zühlsdorf A. The influence of the Nutri-Score on the perceived healthiness of foods labelled with a nutrition claim of sugar. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272220. [PMID: 35976882 PMCID: PMC9385015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High sugar intake in humans is associated with the development of overweight and other diet-related diseases. The World Health Organization and other health organizations recommend limiting the sugar intake to 10% of the total energy intake. There have been different approaches of front-of-pack labelling to reduce the amount of sugar in food products. Companies use nutrition claims to advertise the sugar content (e.g., without added sugar, 30% less sugar). Such nutrition claims can lead to false assumptions about the healthiness of foods and can lead to health-halo effects. Nutrition claims make products appear healthier than they really are, the aspect advertised in the nutrition claim is transferred to the entire food product. As a result, food products can be perceived as healthy even though they are not. Recently, the Nutri-Score was introduced in an increasing number of countries throughout Europe to provide consumers with an overview of the overall nutritional quality of a product. This study analyzes if the Nutri-Score can help to prevent health-halo effects caused by nutrition claims on sugar. Therefore, an online survey consisting of a split-sample design with more than 1,000 respondents was assessed. The results show that, depending on the initial perceived healthiness of a product, the Nutri-Score is able to prevent health-halo effects caused by claims on sugar. Making the Nutri-Score mandatory when using nutrition claims would be one possible way to reduce misperceptions about unhealthy food and reduce health-halo effects caused by claims on sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Jürkenbeck
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Marketing of Food and Agricultural Products, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Clara Mehlhose
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Marketing of Food and Agricultural Products, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anke Zühlsdorf
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Marketing of Food and Agricultural Products, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Rodríguez-Guerra AI, López-Olmedo N, Medina C, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Ortega-Avila AG, Barquera S. Association between density of convenience and small grocery stores with diet quality in adults living in Mexico City: A cross sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:857754. [PMID: 35991079 PMCID: PMC9389155 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.857754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of the association between different retail stores and food consumption, yet research is still limited in low- and medium-income countries, where the context of the food retail environment is different from that observed in high-income countries. Specifically, less is known about how convenience and small grocery stores, which offer products with immediate access, are associated with the diet as a whole. The present study assessed the association between density of convenience and small grocery stores and diet quality in adults from the Mexico City Representative Diabetes Survey 2015. A final sample size of 1,023 adults aged 20–69 years was analyzed. The density of stores was measured using Euclidean buffers within 500 meters of each participant's home. The Mexican Alternate Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI) was used to assess diet quality. Multivariable Poisson models were used to test the association of convenience and small grocery stores densities with the MxAHEI. Although our results were not statistically significant, we observed a lower diet quality score among adults from Mexico City living in areas with a higher density of small grocery and convenience stores. More research is needed on the influence of environmental food retail on food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Nancy López-Olmedo
| | - Catalina Medina
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ana G. Ortega-Avila
- Institute of Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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28
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Mensah DO, Oyebode O. "We think about the quantity more": factors influencing emerging adults' food outlet choice in a university food environment, a qualitative enquiry. Nutr J 2022; 21:49. [PMID: 35906594 PMCID: PMC9338622 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the food environment has seen rapid transformation globally, altering food availability and access along with how people interact with the food environment and make food-related choice. OBJECTIVES & METHOD This explorative study aimed to identify the factors that shape the decision-making process for food outlet choices among emerging adults in a Ghanaian University food environment. The study uses focus group discussions in combination with novel dyadic interviews with best friend pairs. Verbatim transcripts were analysed thematically using NVivo 12. RESULTS Drawing on socio-ecological model (SEM) of behaviour, the study used testimony from 46 participants aged 18-25, 47% female, including individuals from major ethnicities and religions in Ghana, and identified three interwoven levels of influence shaping emerging adults' choices of food outlet. The main factors influencing food outlet choice were identified as food prices, spatial accessibility, budget, and food quantity/satiety with additional factors including hygiene, variety of foods, food quality and taste preferences as well as societal factors such as ambience and peer influence. CONCLUSION Multi-component approaches that combine structural level interventions in food retailing along with individual level components may be effective at changing emerging adult consumption behaviour in SSA, although this needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Opoku Mensah
- Warwick Center for Global Health, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Oyinlola Oyebode
- Warwick Center for Global Health, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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29
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Mackenbach JD, Ibouanga EL, van der Veen MH, Ziesemer KA, Pinho MGM. Relation between the food environment and oral health-systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:606-616. [PMID: 35849329 PMCID: PMC9341680 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that the food environment, i.e. the availability, accessibility, price and promotion of foods and beverages, has a significant influence on oral health through food consumption. With this systematic literature review, we systematically summarize the available evidence on relations between the food environment and oral health outcomes in children and adults. Methods English-language studies were identified through a systematic literature search, executed by a medical information specialist, on OVID/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening and quality assessment [using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool] were done independently by two authors. Results Twenty-three studies were included, of which 1 studied the consumer food environment (food labeling), 3 the community food environment (e.g. number of food stores in the community), 5 the organizational food environment (availability of healthy foods and beverages in schools), 2 the information environment (television advertisements) and 13 government and industry policies related to the food environment (e.g. implementation of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax). Almost all studies found that unhealthy food and beverage environments had adverse effects on oral health, and that policies improving the healthiness of food and beverage environments improved—or would improve in case of a modeling study—oral health. Conclusions This systematic literature review provides evidence, although of low to moderate quality and available in a low quantity only, that several aspects of the food environment, especially policies affecting the food environment, are associated with oral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie L Ibouanga
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H van der Veen
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral hygiene, University for Applied Sciences Inholland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria G M Pinho
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Cong N, Zhao A, Kwan MP, Yang J, Gong P. An Indicator Measuring the Influence of the Online Public Food Environment: An Analytical Framework and Case Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:818374. [PMID: 35845771 PMCID: PMC9281549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.818374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The online public food environment (OPFE) has had a considerable impact on people's lifestyles over the past decade; however, research on its exposure is sparse. The results of the existing research on the impact of the food environment on human health are inconsistent. In response to the lack of food elements in the definition of the food environment and the lack of a clear method to assess the health attributes and the impact degree of the food environment, we proposed a new analytical framework based on the latest disease burden research, combining the characteristics of China's current food environment, from the perspective of environmental science. We redefined the food environment and proposed that food and its physical space are two core elements of the food environment. Accordingly, we extracted four domains of characteristics to describe the basic components of the food environment. Using the sales records, we designed an approach by referring to the standard process of environmental health indicators, including the health attributes and the impact degree of the food environment, to measure the OPFE of takeaway food outlets. Further, we conducted a case study and extracted three domains of characteristics for more than 18,000 effective takeaway meals from 812 takeaway food outlets located in 10 administrative subdivisions in the Haidian District and Xicheng District of Beijing Municipality. The results showed that more than 60% of single meals sold by takeaway food outlets were considered as healthy, and only 15% of takeaway food outlets sold healthy meals exclusively. Additionally, there were significant differences in health effects among different types of food environments, and high-risk areas of different types of food environments can be spatially identified. Compared with the counting method in the availability of food environment, the proposed new approach can depict food environment characteristics not only in the macro-scale like the counting method but also in the meal-scale. The indicators could be useful for large-scale and long-term monitoring of food environmental changes due to their simple calculation and design depending on the food delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cong
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Gong
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31
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Recchia D, Perignon M, Rollet P, Vonthron S, Tharrey M, Darmon N, Feuillet T, Méjean C. Associations between retail food environment and the nutritional quality of food purchases in French households: The Mont’Panier cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267639. [PMID: 35476754 PMCID: PMC9045620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess whether the retail food environment, measured by multiple indicators around the home and in activity space, was associated with the nutritional quality of food purchases. Methods This cross-sectional study included 462 households from a quota sampling survey conducted in the south of France (Montpellier Metropolitan Area). The revised Healthy Purchase Index was implemented in order to assess the nutritional quality of food purchases. Food environment indicators (presence, number, relative density and proximity of food outlets) were calculated around the home and in activity space using a geographical information system. Six different types of food outlets were studied: supermarkets, markets, greengrocers, bakeries, other specialized food stores (butcher’s, fishmonger’s and dairy stores) and small grocery stores. Associations between food environment and the nutritional quality of food purchases were assessed using multilevel models, and geographically weighted regressions to account for spatial non-stationarity. Models were adjusted for households’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Results The nutritional quality of food purchases was positively associated with the number of greengrocers around the home (1 vs. 0: β = 0.25, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.49]; >1 vs. 0: β = 0.25, 95%CI = [0.00, 0.50]), but negatively associated with the number of markets around the home (1 vs. 0: β = -0.20, 95%CI = [-0.40, 0.00]; >1 vs. 0: β = -0.37, 95%CI = [-0.69, -0.06]). These associations varied across space in the area studied. For lower income households, the number of greengrocers in activity space was positively associated with the nutritional quality of food purchases (1 vs. 0: β = 0.70, 95%CI = [0.12, 1.3]; >1 vs. 0: β = 0.67, 95%CI = [0.22, 1.1]). Conclusions Greengrocers might be an effective type of food store for promoting healthier dietary behaviors. Further studies, particularly interventional studies, are needed to confirm these results in order to guide public health policies in actions designed to improve the food environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Recchia
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marlène Perignon
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascaline Rollet
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Vonthron
- INNOVATION, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Tharrey
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Feuillet
- University Paris 8, LADYSS, UMR 7533 CNRS, Saint-Denis, France
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm, Inrae, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Bobigny, France
| | - Caroline Méjean
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Atanasova P, Kusuma D, Pineda E, Frost G, Sassi F, Miraldo M. The impact of the consumer and neighbourhood food environment on dietary intake and obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review of causal impact studies. Soc Sci Med 2022; 299:114879. [PMID: 35290815 PMCID: PMC8987734 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food environment has been found to impact population dietary behaviour. Our study aimed to systematically review the impact of different elements of the food environment on dietary intake and obesity. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, EconLit databases to identify literature that assessed the relationship between the built food environments (intervention) and dietary intake and obesity (outcomes), published between database inception to March 26, 2020. All human studies were eligible except for those on clinical sub-groups. Only studies with causal inference methods were assessed. Studies focusing on the food environment inside homes, workplaces and schools were excluded. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using the CASP appraisal checklist. Findings were summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. FINDINGS 58 papers were included, 55 of which were conducted in high-income countries. 70% of papers focused on the consumer food environments and found that in-kind/financial incentives, healthy food saliency, and health primes, but not calorie menu labelling significantly improved dietary quality of children and adults, while BMI results were null. 30% of the papers focused on the neighbourhood food environments and found that the number of and distance to unhealthy food outlets increased the likelihood of fast-food consumption and higher BMI for children of any SES; among adults only selected groups were impacted - females, black, and Hispanics living in low and medium density areas. The availability and distance to healthy food outlets significantly improved children's dietary intake and BMI but null results were found for adults. INTERPRETATION Evidence suggests certain elements of the consumer and neighbourhood food environments could improve populations dietary intake, while effect on BMI was observed among children and selected adult populations. Underprivileged groups are most likely to experience and impact on BMI. Future research should investigate whether findings translate in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Atanasova
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Dian Kusuma
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elisa Pineda
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School Building, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Franco Sassi
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marisa Miraldo
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Neighbourhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:729-737. [PMID: 34629138 PMCID: PMC9991780 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the increased attention on neighbourhood food environments and dietary behaviours, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterise typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. DESIGN The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1 km buffer from home was determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents' self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. SETTING Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 410 adolescents (mean age= 15·5 (sd = 1·5) years). RESULTS Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: (1) limited variety/low number; (2) some variety/low number; (3) high variety/medium number and (4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR = 3·71, 95 % CI 1·23, 11·19; Typology 2: OR = 3·65, 95 % CI 1·21, 10·99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behaviour to/from school among adolescents. CONCLUSION Local government could emphasise an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighbourhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.
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Martín-Turrero I, Valiente R, Molina-de la Fuente I, Bilal U, Lazo M, Sureda X. Accessibility and availability of alcohol outlets around schools: An ecological study in the city of Madrid, Spain, according to socioeconomic area-level. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112323. [PMID: 34774513 PMCID: PMC8875292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood accessibility and availability of alcohol products has been associated with increased alcohol consumption and harms among adolescents. This availability has been shown to be higher in neighborhoods with lower socio-economic status (SES). The aim of this study was to examine inequalities in alcohol outlet density and proximity around schools by area-level SES in Madrid, Spain. Data on schools, SES, alcohol outlets and population density at census tract level were obtained through public databases from the local government of Madrid. We examined (1) density as the number of alcohol outlets around schools within 3 buffers (i.e. 200 m, 400 m and 800 m) and (2) proximity as the distance from schools to their nearest alcohol outlet. We performed multilevel analyses to examine the associations between alcohol outlet density and proximity and SES, adjusted by population density. Secondary schools (n = 576) located in less deprived areas had lower densities of alcohol outlets at walking distances of 200 and 400 m (50% and 37% lower, respectively p < 0.05). No significant differences were found for the proximity measures. The socioeconomic level of the area in which adolescents go to school is a determinant of their exposure to alcohol, where those who study in high SES areas have lower exposure to alcohol outlets. This study highlights the need to prioritize equity in the design and implementation of policies to limit alcohol accessibility among adolescents, including establishing minimum distances between schools and alcohol outlets or limiting the number of outlets per inhabitant in neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Turrero
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Valiente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Malaria and NTDs Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Johns Hopkins, Center for Health Equity, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, United States; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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de Albuquerque FM, Pessoa MC, De Santis Filgueiras M, Gardone DS, de Novaes JF. Retail food outlets and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1599-1618. [PMID: 35182145 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The community food environment covers the type, quantity, density, location, and access to retail food outlets, and its influence on eating behavior, obesity, and metabolic syndrome has been investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence on longitudinal associations between objectively measured retail food outlets and metabolic syndrome components in children, adolescents, and adults. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. DATA SOURCES The Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Scielo, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Lilacs databases were searched without any restriction on publication dates. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 18 longitudinal studies included, significant associations were reported in 9 between retail food outlets and metabolic syndrome components in adults (6 positive associations, 2 negative, and 1 both positive and negative), and in 3 studies of children and adolescents (2 negative associations and 1 both positive and negative). Six studies with adults found no association. CONCLUSION Limited evidence was found for longitudinal associations between retail food outlets and metabolic syndrome components. In future studies, researchers should consider the use of standardized retail food outlet measurements and accurate analysis to better understand the influence of the community food environment on metabolic syndrome. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no: CRD42020177137.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Soares Gardone
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Farias de Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kosaka S, Nakao R, Goto C, Umezaki M, Ohnishi M. Food store accessibility affects nutritional intake through shopping frequency and food intake in middle-aged to older adults in rural Nagasaki, Japan. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23725. [PMID: 35122462 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The food environment is an important determinant of dietary and nutritional intake, but studies thus far have reported mixed results. We examined associations between food store accessibility and nutritional intake among middle-aged to older adults in rural Japan using data from a questionnaire survey of national health insurance enrollees. METHODS The survey was conducted in Nagasaki, Japan, for individuals aged 40-74 years. Direct distances from home and food store density were estimated using a geographic information system (GIS). We focused on protein, vitamin D, and calcium intake for their preventive effects on frailty and sarcopenia. To examine the effects of food store accessibility on nutritional intake, we hypothesized a model with a chain of associations of food store accessibility, shopping frequency, food intake frequency, and nutritional intake. We performed a path analyses to explore the food items to be included in the models, associations between the variables, and fitness of the models. RESULTS We obtained final models with satisfactory fit indices. The resultant models included significant associations between: 1) accessibility indicators and shopping frequency, 2) shopping frequency and intake frequency for two or four categories of food, and 3) intake frequency and nutritional intake. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that accessibility to food stores, assessed in terms of direct distance from home and food store density, can affect the intake of protein, vitamin D, and calcium through the effect on shopping frequency and intake frequency of some categories of food items, among middle-aged to older adults in Nagasaki, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kosaka
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakao
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Human Life, Nagoya-bunri University, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Associations between food environment and nutritional quality of food purchases in French households: The Mont'Panier cross-sectional study. Proc Nutr Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kegler MC, Prakash R, Hermstad A, Anderson K, Haardörfer R, Raskind IG. Food Acquisition Practices, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Outcomes by Level of Rurality. J Rural Health 2022; 38:228-239. [PMID: 33200835 PMCID: PMC8126566 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rural residents are more likely to be obese than urban residents. Research on how people navigate their local food environments through food acquisition behaviors, such as food shopping and restaurant use, in different types of communities may help to create a deeper understanding of the multilevel determinants of obesity. METHODS Data are from a national sample of US adults ages 18-75. Respondents were recruited from an online survey panel in 2015 and asked about food shopping, restaurant use, diet and weight (N = 3,883). Comparisons were made by level of rurality as assessed by Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) and self-reported rurality of the area around their home. FINDINGS Food acquisition behaviors varied minimally by RUCC-defined level of rurality, with the exceptions of type and distance to primary food store. Rural residents drove further and were more likely to shop at small grocery stores and supercenters than were residents of semiurban or urban counties. In contrast, all of the food acquisition behaviors varied by self-reported rurality of residential areas. Respondents living in rural areas shopped for groceries less frequently, drove further, more commonly shopped at small grocery stores and supercenters, and used restaurants less frequently. In multivariable analyses, rural, small town, and suburban areas were each significantly associated with BMI and fruit and vegetable intake, but not percent energy from fat. CONCLUSION Findings show that self-reported rurality of residential area is associated with food acquisition behaviors and may partly explain rural-urban differences in obesity and diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Kegler
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Radhika Prakash
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - April Hermstad
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kate Anderson
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ilana G. Raskind
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Azelton KR, Crowley AP, Vence N, Underwood K, Morris G, Kelly J, Landry MJ. Digital Health Coaching for Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial of Healthy at Home. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:764735. [PMID: 34901926 PMCID: PMC8655126 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.764735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital health coaching is an intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that has potential to improve the quality of care for patients. Previous research has established the efficacy of digital interventions for behavior change. This pilot study addresses a research gap in finding effective and accessible behavioral interventions for under-resourced individuals with T2DM. We examined the impact of Healthy at Home, a 12-week phone and SMS-based (short message service) digital health coaching program, on insulin resistance which is an upstream marker for T2DM progression. We compared this intervention to usual diabetic care in a family medicine residency clinic in a randomized controlled trial. Digital health coaching significantly improved participants' calculated Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR) by −0.9 ± 0.4 compared with the control group (p = 0.029). This significance remained after controlling for years diagnosed with T2DM, enrollment in Medicaid, access to food, baseline stage of change, and race (p = 0.027). Increasing access to digital health coaching may lead to more effective control of diabetes for under-resourced patients. This study demonstrates the potential to implement a personalized, scalable, and effective digital health intervention to treat and manage T2DM through a lifestyle and behavioral approach to improve clinical outcomes (http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04872647).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Azelton
- Beacon Health System, E. Blair Warner Family Medicine Residency, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Aidan P Crowley
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Gerald Morris
- Beacon Health System, E. Blair Warner Family Medicine Residency, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - John Kelly
- Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Keeble M, Adams J, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Burgoine T. Associations between online food outlet access and online food delivery service use amongst adults in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of linked data. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1968. [PMID: 34719382 PMCID: PMC8557109 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online food delivery services facilitate 'online' access to food outlets that typically sell lenergy-dense nutrient-poor food. Greater online food outlet access might be related to the use of this purchasing format and living with excess bodyweight, however, this is not known. We aimed to investigate the association between aspects of online food outlet access and online food delivery service use, and differences according to customer sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the association between the number of food outlets accessible online and bodyweight. METHODS In 2019, we used an automated data collection method to collect data on all food outlets in the UK registered with the leading online food delivery service Just Eat (n = 33,204). We linked this with contemporaneous data on food purchasing, bodyweight, and sociodemographic information collected through the International Food Policy Study (analytic sample n = 3067). We used adjusted binomial logistic, linear, and multinomial logistic regression models to examine associations. RESULTS Adults in the UK had online access to a median of 85 food outlets (IQR: 34-181) and 85 unique types of cuisine (IQR: 64-108), and 15.1% reported online food delivery service use in the previous week. Those with the greatest number of accessible food outlets (quarter four, 182-879) had 71% greater odds of online food delivery service use (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.68) compared to those with the least (quarter one, 0-34). This pattern was evident amongst adults with a university degree (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.85), adults aged between 18 and 29 years (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.72), those living with children (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.01; 3.75), and females at each level of increased exposure. We found no association between the number of unique types of cuisine accessible online and online food delivery service use, or between the number of food outlets accessible online and bodyweight. CONCLUSIONS The number of food outlets accessible online is positively associated with online food delivery service use. Adults with the highest education, younger adults, those living with children, and females, were particularly susceptible to the greatest online food outlet access. Further research is required to investigate the possible health implications of online food delivery service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Keeble
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Jean Adams
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, bureau 2729-E, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - David Hammond
- grid.46078.3d0000 0000 8644 1405School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Hernandez-Garcia E, Chrysikou E, Kalea AZ. The Interplay between Housing Environmental Attributes and Design Exposures and Psychoneuroimmunology Profile-An Exploratory Review and Analysis Paper in the Cancer Survivors' Mental Health Morbidity Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10891. [PMID: 34682637 PMCID: PMC8536084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult cancer survivors have an increased prevalence of mental health comorbidities and other adverse late-effects interdependent with mental illness outcomes compared with the general population. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) heralds an era of renewed call for actions to identify sustainable modalities to facilitate the constructs of cancer survivorship care and health care delivery through physiological supportive domestic spaces. Building on the concept of therapeutic architecture, psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) indicators-with the central role in low-grade systemic inflammation-are associated with major psychiatric disorders and late effects of post-cancer treatment. Immune disturbances might mediate the effects of environmental determinants on behaviour and mental disorders. Whilst attention is paid to the non-objective measurements for examining the home environmental domains and mental health outcomes, little is gathered about the multidimensional effects on physiological responses. This exploratory review presents a first analysis of how addressing the PNI outcomes serves as a catalyst for therapeutic housing research. We argue the crucial component of housing in supporting the sustainable primary care and public health-based cancer survivorship care model, particularly in the psychopathology context. Ultimately, we illustrate a series of interventions aiming at how housing environmental attributes can trigger PNI profile changes and discuss the potential implications in the non-pharmacological treatment of cancer survivors and patients with mental morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hernandez-Garcia
- The Bartlett Real Estate Institute, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Evangelia Chrysikou
- The Bartlett Real Estate Institute, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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Abstract
AbstractFood systems that deliver healthy diets without exceeding the planet’s resources are essential to achieve the worlds’ ambitious development goals. Healthy diets need to be safe, accessible, and affordable for all, including for disadvantaged and nutritionally vulnerable groups such as of smallholder producers, traders, and consumers in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, food systems are experiencing rapid and drastic changes and are failing to fulfil these multiple duties simultaneously. The international community therefore calls for rigorous food systems transformations and policy solutions to support the achievement of healthy diets for all. Most strategies, however, are essentially supply- and market-oriented. Incorporation of a healthy diet perspective in food system transformation is essential to enable food systems to deliver not only on supplying nutritious foods but also on ensuring that consumers have access can afford and desire healthy, sustainable, and culturally acceptable diets. This paper argues that this should be guided by information on diets, dietary trends, consumer motives, and food environment characteristics. Transformational approaches and policies should also take into account the stage of food system development requiring different strategies to ensure healthier diets for consumers. We review current knowledge on drivers of consumer choices at the individual and food environment level with special emphasis on low- and middle income countries, discuss the converging and conflicting objectives that exist among multiple food-system actors, and argue that failure to strengthen synergies and resolve trade-offs may lead to missed opportunities and benefits, or negative unintended consequences in food system outcomes. The paper proposes a menu of promising consumer- and food-environment- oriented policy options to include in the food systems transformation agenda in order to shift LMIC consumer demand towards healthier diets in low- and middle income countries.
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Lee RE, Suh BC, Cameron C, O’Neal A, Jarrett S, O’Connor DP, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Todd M, Hughes RB. Psychometric properties of the Food Environment Assessment Survey Tool (FEAST) in people with mobility impairment. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4796-4802. [PMID: 33975657 PMCID: PMC11082799 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately one in ten adults under the age of 65 in the USA has a mobility impairing disability. People with mobility impairment generally have poorer dietary habits contributing to obesity and related negative health outcomes. This article presents the psychometric properties of the Food Environment Assessment Survey Tool (FEAST) instrument that measures barriers to accessing healthy food from the perspective of people with mobility impairment (PMI). DESIGN The current study presents cross-sectional data from two sequential independent surveys. SETTING Surveys were administered online to a national sample of PMI. PARTICIPANTS Participants represented PMI living throughout the USA. The pilot FEAST survey involved 681 participants and was used to shape the final instrument; 25 % completed a retest survey. After following empirically and theoretically guided item reduction strategies, the final FEAST instrument was administered to a separate sample of 304 PMI. RESULTS The final twenty-seven-item FEAST instrument includes items measuring Neighbourhood Environment, Home Environment, Personal Control and Access to Support (Having Help, Food Delivery Services, Parking/Transportation). The final four scales had acceptable intra-class correlations, indicating that the scales could be used as reliable measures of the hypothesised constructs in future studies. CONCLUSIONS The FEAST instrument is the first of its kind developed to assess the food environment from the perspective of PMI themselves. Future studies would benefit from using this measure in research and practice to help guide the development of policy aimed at improving access to healthy food and promoting healthy eating in community-dwelling PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
| | - Bin C Suh
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
| | - Chelsea Cameron
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
| | - Alicia O’Neal
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
- Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, AZ, Tempe, USA
| | - Sasha Jarrett
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
| | - Daniel P O’Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael Todd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, AZ, Phoenix, USA
| | - Rosemary B Hughes
- Rural Institute for Inclusive Communities, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Rummo PE, Algur Y, McAlexander T, Judd SE, Lopez PM, Adhikari S, Brown J, Meeker M, McClure LA, Elbel B. Comparing competing geospatial measures to capture the relationship between the neighborhood food environment and diet. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 61:1-7. [PMID: 34051343 PMCID: PMC8592302 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how the choice of neighborhood food environment definition impacts the association with diet. METHODS Using food frequency questionnaire data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study at baseline (2003-2007), we calculated participants' dietary inflammation score (DIS) (n = 20,331); higher scores indicate greater pro-inflammatory exposure. We characterized availability of supermarkets and fast food restaurants using several geospatial measures, including density (i.e., counts/km2) and relative measures (i.e., percentage of all food stores or restaurants); and various buffer distances, including administrative units (census tract) and empirically derived buffers ("classic" network, "sausage" network) tailored to community type (higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, rural). Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the association between each geospatial measure and DIS, controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographics. RESULTS The choice of buffer-based measure did not change the direction or magnitude of associations with DIS. Effect estimates derived from administrative units were smaller than those derived from tailored empirically derived buffer measures. Substantively, a 10% increase in the percentage of fast food restaurants using a "classic" network buffer was associated with a 6.3 (SE = 1.17) point higher DIS (P< .001). The relationship between the percentage of supermarkets and DIS, however, was null. We observed high correlation coefficients between buffer-based density measures of supermarkets and fast food restaurants (r = 0.73-0.83), which made it difficult to estimate independent associations by food outlet type. CONCLUSIONS Researchers should tailor buffer-based measures to community type in future studies, and carefully consider the theoretical and statistical implications for choosing relative (vs. absolute) measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Yasemin Algur
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tara McAlexander
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Priscilla M Lopez
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Samrachana Adhikari
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Janene Brown
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa Meeker
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY
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Mason KE, Pearce N, Cummins S. Geographical heterogeneity across England in associations between the neighbourhood built environment and body mass index. Health Place 2021; 71:102645. [PMID: 34388580 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of residential neighbourhood environments on health may vary across geographical space, with differences in local contexts influencing how much a given neighbourhood characteristic matters for the health of local residents. Linking UK Biobank data from 302,952 urban-dwelling adults in England, collected between 2006 and 2010, to publicly available Local Authority-level data, we examined (a) whether cross-sectional associations between body mass index (BMI) and two characteristics of the neighbourhood built environment (availability of formal physical activity facilities near home, and fast-food proximity) vary by Local Authority (LA), and (b) whether cross-level interactions with LA-level physical features (natural landcover) and socio-cultural attributes (local obesity norms) reveal evidence of effect modification by these features of the wider contexts in which neighbourhoods are located. We found variation across urban England in the relationship between availability of neighbourhood formal physical activity facilities and BMI, and some evidence suggesting this association was stronger among people living in areas with less natural landcover, especially in areas outside of London. We also found that the relationship between proximity of fast-food stores to people's homes and BMI varied geographically across England. Local descriptive obesity norms were not an important modifier of this association. This paper highlights the importance of considering potential geographical heterogeneity in relationships between the built environment and health, and the implications for generalisability of research findings. By seeking to better understand sources of geographical heterogeneity, we may be able to better adapt and target built environment interventions for population health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Mason
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, UK; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
| | - Neil Pearce
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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Pinho MGM, Lakerveld J, Harbers MC, Sluijs I, Vermeulen R, Huss A, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM, Brug J, Beulens JWJ, Mackenbach JD. Ultra-processed food consumption patterns among older adults in the Netherlands and the role of the food environment. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2567-2580. [PMID: 33236180 PMCID: PMC8275501 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the patterns of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption in the Netherlands; to test if exposure to the food environment is associated with UPFs consumption; and if this association differed across educational levels and neighbourhood urbanisation. METHODS Cross-sectional study using 2015-data of 8104 older adults from the Dutch EPIC cohort. Proportion of UPFs consumption was calculated from a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Exposure to the food environment was defined as proximity and availability of supermarkets, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants, convenience stores, candy stores and cafés. Consumption of UPFs was expressed as both percentage of total grams and total kilocalories. RESULTS The study population was aged 70(± 10 SD) years and 80.5% was female. Average UPFs consumption was 17.8% of total food intake in grams and 37% of total energy intake. Those who consumed greater amounts of UPFs had a poorer overall diet quality. Adjusted linear regression models showed that closer proximity and larger availability to any type of food retailer was associated with lower UPFs consumption (both in grams and kilocalories). Somewhat stronger significant associations were found for proximity to restaurants (β = - 1.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = - 2.6; - 0.6), and supermarkets (β = - 2.2%, 95%CI = - 3.3; - 1.1); i.e., Individuals living within 500 m from the closest supermarket, as compared to 1500 m, had 2.6% less calories from UPFs. No differences were found on analyses stratified for urbanisation and education. CONCLUSIONS Using various measures of exposure to the food environment, we found that exposure to restaurants and supermarkets was associated with somewhat lower consumption of UPFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela M Pinho
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein C Harbers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Brug
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The association of dimensions of fruit and vegetable access in the retail food environment with consumption; a systematic review. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:100528. [PMID: 34164256 PMCID: PMC8202327 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) is important for human health to protect against non-communicable disease and micronutrient deficiency. Increasing consumption of F&V may also benefit planetary health if these foods are substituted for foods with higher environmental footprints such as red meat or dairy. The retail food environment (RFE) is an influential junction between the food system and individual diets as it drives access to F&V through external (physical access) and personal (availability, affordability, acceptability) domains. We performed a systematic search of six literature databases (January 2021) for studies assessing access to F&V in the RFE and its association with F&V consumption in adults in high- and upper-middle income countries. 36 studies were identified and categorised by dimensions of food access – accessibility, affordability, acceptability, availability and accommodation. More than half of the studies (n = 20) were based in the USA. F&V accessibility was the most commonly reported dimension (n = 29); no study reported on accommodation. 6 studies were rated to be high quality. A positive association of increased availability of F&V options in the RFE with intake was identified in 9 of 15 studies. Associations in both acceptability and accessibility dimensions were inconsistent. No association was observed between F&V affordability and consumption although available data were limited. Many challenges exist to building a robust evidence base within food environment research including conceptual, definitional and methodological heterogeneity and measurement standardisation. Future food policies should consider multi-dimensional interventions to promote access to F&V in the RFE across all domains. First systematic review of dimensions of access in the retail food environment (RFE) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. This review suggests potential importance of having access to available healthy options in the RFE for F&V intake. The absence of an association of F&V affordability with consumption is likely due to limited and mixed data availability. F&V accessibility and acceptability require development as dimensions of access for clearer links to be made. The retail food environment is complex but likely predictor of F&V consumption.
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Lunsford J, Brunt A, Foote J, Rhee Y, Strand M, Segall M. Analysis of Availability, Quality, and Price of Food Options in Denver, CO Grocery Stores. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2020.1741482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lunsford
- Department of Nutrition, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ardith Brunt
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jerald Foote
- Department of Nutrition, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yeong Rhee
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Mark Strand
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Mark Segall
- Department of Computer Information Systems, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Contributions of Food Environments to Dietary Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:14. [PMID: 33594516 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the multidimensional influence of food environments on food choice, dietary quality, and diet-related health and identify critical gaps necessary to develop effective population interventions that influence food choice. RECENT FINDINGS Multicomponent interventions that interact with multiple layers of the food environment show limited but consistent effects on dietary behaviors and may have wider and substantive population-level reach with greater incorporation of validated, holistic measurement tools. Opportunities to use smartphone technology to measure multiple components of the food environment will facilitate future interventions, particularly as food environments expand into online settings and interact with consumers in novel ways to shape food choice. While studies suggest that all dimensions of the food environment influence diet and health outcomes, robust and consistent measurements of food environments that integrate objective and subjective components are essential for developing stronger evidence needed to shift public policies.
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Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism (DRD4 VNTR) moderates real-world behavioural response to the food retail environment in children. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:145. [PMID: 33530977 PMCID: PMC7856809 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for the impact of the food retailing environment on food-related and obesity outcomes remains equivocal, but only a few studies have attempted to identify sub-populations for whom this relationship might be stronger than others. Genetic polymorphisms related to dopamine signalling have been associated with differences in responses to rewards such as food and may be candidate markers to identify such sub-populations. This study sought to investigate whether genetic variation of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 exon III 48 bp VNTR polymorphism) moderated the association between local exposure to food retailers on BMI and diet in a sample of 4 to12-year-old children. Methods Data collected from a birth cohort and a community cross-sectional study conducted in Montreal, Canada, were combined to provide DRD4 VNTR polymorphism data in terms of presence of the 7-repeat allele (DRD4-7R) for 322 children aged between 4 and 12 (M (SD): 6.8(2.8) y). Outcomes were Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and energy density derived from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Food environment was expressed as the proportion of local food retailers classified as healthful within 3 km of participants’ residence. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, income, cohort, and geographic clustering were used to test gene*environment interactions. Results A significant gene*food environment interaction was found for energy density with results indicating that DRD4-7R carriers had more energy dense diets than non-carriers, with this effect being more pronounced in children living in areas with proportionally more unhealthy food retailers. No evidence of main or interactive effects of DRD4 VNTR and food environment was found for BMI. Conclusions Results of the present study suggest that a genetic marker related to dopamine pathways can identify children with potentially greater responsiveness to unhealthy local food environment. Future studies should investigate additional elements of the food environment and test whether results hold across different populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10160-w.
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