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Zhang C, Wang J, Niu Z, Zhang K, Wang C, Wang S, Hou S, Yu D, Lin N. Identification of a nomogram predicting overall survival based on ADAP2-related apoptosis genes in gliomas. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113084. [PMID: 39243555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis continues to be a pivotal area of investigation in glioma research. ADAP2 mediates the malignant progression of gliomas through the inhibition of apoptosis and predicts the overall survival(OS) of glioma patients based on prognostic modeling of the apoptotic gene set. METHODS The study encompassed 686 glioma patients, with 413 allocated to the training group and 273 to the validation group. Differential expression of ADAP2 across various glioma subtypes was assessed through bioinformatics analysis and Western blotting. The correlation between ADAP2 and apoptosis was examined using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Multivariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO dimension reduction analysis were employed to identify apoptosis-related genes with prognostic significance in glioma patients and to construct a nomogram. Biological functions and mechanisms associated with risk scores were explored via Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and GSEA analyses, with validation through Western blotting, flow cytometry, and AM/PI staining. RESULTS ADAP2 was found to be enriched in more aggressive glioma subtypes and was closely linked to glioma cell apoptosis, modulating this process via the NF-κB and P53 signaling pathway. A nomogram for OS in glioma patients was constructed using thirteen apoptosis-related genes. Additionally, ROC curves, calibration curves, and C-indices confirmed the robust applicability of the nomogram. CONCLUSION ADAP2 functions as a prognostic biomarker for glioma patients, regulating glioma cell apoptosis through the NF-κB and P53 signaling pathway. Moreover, prognostic models based on apoptosis-related genes can accurately predict OS for glioma patients at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Zihui Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Shiqiang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China.
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou 239000, China.
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Mafi A, Khoshnazar SM, Shahpar A, Nabavi N, Hedayati N, Alimohammadi M, Hashemi M, Taheriazam A, Farahani N. Mechanistic insights into circRNA-mediated regulation of PI3K signaling pathway in glioma progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155442. [PMID: 38991456 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) characterized by a stable circular structure that regulates gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They play diverse roles, including protein interactions, DNA methylation modification, protein-coding potential, pseudogene creation, and miRNA sponging, all of which influence various physiological processes. CircRNAs are often highly expressed in brain tissues, and their levels vary with neural development, suggesting their significance in nervous system diseases such as gliomas. Research has shown that circRNA expression related to the PI3K pathway correlates with various clinical features of gliomas. There is an interact between circRNAs and the PI3K pathway to regulate glioma cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. Additionally, PI3K pathway-associated circRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this study, we reviewed the latest advances in the expression and cellular roles of PI3K-mediated circRNAs and their connections to glioma carcinogenesis and progression. We also highlighted the significance of circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shahpar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Pridham KJ, Hutchings KR, Beck P, Liu M, Xu E, Saechin E, Bui V, Patel C, Solis J, Huang L, Tegge A, Kelly DF, Sheng Z. Selective regulation of chemosensitivity in glioblastoma by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase beta. iScience 2024; 27:109921. [PMID: 38812542 PMCID: PMC11133927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapies such as temozolomide is a major hurdle to effectively treat therapy-resistant glioblastoma. This challenge arises from the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which makes it an appealing therapeutic target. However, non-selectively blocking PI3K kinases PI3Kα/β/δ/γ has yielded undesired clinical outcomes. It is, therefore, imperative to investigate individual kinases in glioblastoma's chemosensitivity. Here, we report that PI3K kinases were unequally expressed in glioblastoma, with levels of PI3Kβ being the highest. Patients deficient of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and expressing elevated levels of PI3Kβ, defined as MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high, were less responsive to temozolomide and experienced poor prognosis. Consistently, MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high glioblastoma cells were resistant to temozolomide. Perturbation of PI3Kβ, but not other kinases, sensitized MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high glioblastoma cells or tumors to temozolomide. Moreover, PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors and temozolomide synergistically mitigated the growth of glioblastoma stem cells. Our results have demonstrated an essential role of PI3Kβ in chemoresistance, making PI3Kβ-selective blockade an effective chemosensitizer for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Pridham
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Kasen R. Hutchings
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Patrick Beck
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Eileen Xu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Erin Saechin
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Vincent Bui
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chinkal Patel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jamie Solis
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Leah Huang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Allison Tegge
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Faculty of Health Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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4
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Hu S, Li S, Xu Y, Huang X, Mai Z, Chen Y, Xiao H, Ning W, Gaus S, Savkovic V, Lethaus B, Zimmerer R, Acharya A, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Huang S, Zhao J, Hu X. The antitumor effects of herbal medicine Triphala on oral cancer by inactivating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway: based on the network pharmacology, molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155488. [PMID: 38493718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects and underlying genetic mechanisms of herbal medicine Triphala (TRP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS The target genes of Triphala (TRP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were identified, and subsequent functional enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the enriched signaling pathways. Based on these genes, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify the top 10 genes with the highest degree. Genes deregulated in OSCC tumor samples were identified to be hub genes among the top 10 genes. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of TRP extracts on the cell metabolic activity, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and proliferation of two OSCC cell lines (CAL-27 and SCC-9). The functional rescue assay was conducted to investigate the effect of applying the inhibitor and activator of an enriched pathway on the phenotypes of cancer cells. In addition, the zebrafish xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the influence of TRP extracts on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS The target genes of TRP in OSCC were prominently enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, with the identification of five hub genes (JUN, EGFR, ESR1, RELA, and AKT1). TRP extracts significantly inhibited cell metabolic activity, migration, invasion, and proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in OSCC cells. Notably, the application of TRP extracts exhibited the capacity to downregulate mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels of AKT1 and ESR1, while concomitantly inducing upregulation of mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels in the remaining three hub genes (EGFR, JUN, and RELA). The functional rescue assay demonstrated that the co-administration of TRP and the PI3K activator 740Y-P effectively reversed the impact of TRP on the phenotypes of OSCC cells. Conversely, the combination of TRP and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 further enhanced the effect of TRP on the phenotypes of OSCC cells. Remarkably, treatment with TRP in zebrafish xenograft models demonstrated a significant reduction in both tumor growth and metastatic spread. CONCLUSIONS Triphala exerted significant inhibitory effects on cell metabolic activity, migration, invasion, and proliferation in OSCC cell lines, accompanied by the induction of apoptosis, which was mediated through the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiuhong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zhaoyi Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wanchen Ning
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Sebastian Gaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Zimmerer
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pune 411018, India
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xianda Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing 100029, China; Institute for the History of Chinese Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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5
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Rios SA, Oyervides S, Uribe D, Reyes AM, Fanniel V, Vazquez J, Keniry M. Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1485. [PMID: 38672566 PMCID: PMC11048459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12-18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies such as temozolomide, radiation, and surgery have limitations. As of now, there is no cure for glioblastoma. Alternative treatment methods to eradicate glioblastoma are discussed in this review, including targeted therapies to PI3K, NFKβ, JAK-STAT, CK2, WNT, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and TGFβ pathways. The highly novel application of oncolytic viruses and nanomaterials in combating glioblastoma are also discussed. Despite scores of clinical trials for glioblastoma, the prognosis remains poor. Progress in breaching the blood-brain barrier with nanomaterials and novel avenues for targeted and combination treatments hold promise for the future development of efficacious glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Keniry
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (S.A.R.); (D.U.); (A.M.R.)
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6
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Liang J, Yun D, Jin W, Fan J, Wang X, Wang X, Li Y, Yu S, Zhang C, Li T, Yang X. NCAPH serves as a prognostic factor and promotes the tumor progression in glioma through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04976-4. [PMID: 38587786 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) has been shown to facilitate progression and predict adverse prognostic outcome in many cancer types. However, the function of NCAPH in gliomas is still unclear. Series of experiments were taken to uncover the function of NCAPH in glioma. The expression of NCAPH and potential mechanism regulating progression of glioma was verified by bioinformatics analysis. Lentiviral transfection was used for establishment of loss-of-function and gain-of-function cell lines. CCK-8 assay and Colony-formation assay were used to evaluate proliferation. Transwell assay and Cell wound healing assay were used to assess migration and invasion. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Protein and RNA were quantified by WB and RT-PCR, respectively. The nude mice model of glioma was used to evaluate the effect of NCAPH in vivo. The expression of NCAPH increased significantly in glioma tissues and correlated with WHO grade, IDH wild-type and non-1p/19q codeletion. Glioma patients with high expression of NCAPH had an undesirable prognosis. Functionally, upregulated NCAPH promotes the malignant hallmarks of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. NCAPH correlated with DNA damage repair ability of glioma cells and facilitated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells by promoting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study identifies the important pro-tumor role of NCAPH in glioma and suggests that NCAPH is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshen Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Debo Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenzhe Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jikang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Xuya Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Xisen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Shengping Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China.
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China.
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300000, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
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Kovalenko TF, Yadav B, Anufrieva KS, Larionova TD, Aksinina TE, Latyshev YA, Bastola S, Shakhparonov MI, Pandey AK, Pavlyukov MS. PTEN regulates expression of its pseudogene in glioblastoma cells in DNA methylation-dependent manner. Biochimie 2024; 219:74-83. [PMID: 37619809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent type of primary brain cancer in adult patients. One of the key molecular features associated with GBM pathogenesis is the dysfunction of PTEN oncosuppressor. In addition to PTEN gene, humans and several primates possess processed PTEN pseudogene (PTENP1) that gives rise to long non-coding RNA lncPTENP1-S. Regulation and functions of PTEN and PTENP1 are highly interconnected, however, the exact molecular mechanism of how these two genes affect each other remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the methylation level of the CpG islands (CpGIs) in the promoter regions of PTEN and PTENP1 in patient-derived GBM neurospheres. We found that increased PTEN methylation corelates with decreased PTEN mRNA level. Unexpectedly, we showed the opposite trend for PTENP1. Using targeted methylation and demethylation of PTENP1 CpGI, we demonstrated that DNA methylation increases lncPTENP1-S expression in the presence of wild type PTEN protein but decreases lncPTENP1-S expression if PTEN protein is absent. Further experiments revealed that PTEN protein binds to PTENP1 promoter region and inhibits lncPTENP1-S expression if its CpGI is demethylated. Interestingly, we did not detect any effect of lncPTENP1-S on the level of PTEN mRNA, indicating that in GBM cells PTENP1 is a downstream target of PTEN rather than its upstream regulator. Finally, we studied the functions of lncPTENP1-S and demonstrated that it plays a pro-oncogenic role in GBM cells by upregulating the expression of cancer stem cell markers and decreasing cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupender Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Ksenia S Anufrieva
- Laboratory of System Biology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Yaroslav A Latyshev
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Soniya Bastola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Marat S Pavlyukov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Orda MA, Fowler PMPT, Tayo LL. Modular Hub Genes in DNA Microarray Suggest Potential Signaling Pathway Interconnectivity in Various Glioma Grades. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38666818 PMCID: PMC11048586 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas have displayed significant challenges in oncology due to their high degree of invasiveness, recurrence, and resistance to treatment strategies. In this work, the key hub genes mainly associated with different grades of glioma, which were represented by pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), oligodendroglioma (OG), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of microarray datasets retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through this, four highly correlated modules were observed to be present across the PA (GSE50161), OG (GSE4290), AA (GSE43378), and GBM (GSE36245) datasets. The functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis done through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed that the modules and hub genes identified were mainly involved in signal transduction, transcription regulation, and protein binding, which collectively deregulate several signaling pathways, mainly PI3K/Akt and metabolic pathways. The involvement of several hub genes primarily linked to other signaling pathways, including the cAMP, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and calcium signaling pathways, indicates potential interconnectivity and influence on the PI3K/Akt pathway and, subsequently, glioma severity. The Drug Repurposing Encyclopedia (DRE) was used to screen for potential drugs based on the up- and downregulated hub genes, wherein the synthetic progestin hormones norgestimate and ethisterone were the top drug candidates. This shows the potential neuroprotective effect of progesterone against glioma due to its influence on EGFR expression and other signaling pathways. Aside from these, several experimental and approved drug candidates were also identified, which include an adrenergic receptor antagonist, a PPAR-γ receptor agonist, a CDK inhibitor, a sodium channel blocker, a bradykinin receptor antagonist, and a dopamine receptor agonist, which further highlights the gene network as a potential therapeutic avenue for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Orda
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines; (M.A.O.); (P.M.P.T.F.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines
| | - Peter Matthew Paul T. Fowler
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines; (M.A.O.); (P.M.P.T.F.)
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati City 1203, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines; (M.A.O.); (P.M.P.T.F.)
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati City 1203, Philippines
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9
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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10
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Ghosh D, Pryor B, Jiang N. Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:1-47. [PMID: 38782497 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. Such high patient mortality in GBM is pertaining to the presence of clinical and molecular heterogeneity attributed to various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Such alterations in critically important signaling pathways are attributed to aberrant gene signaling. Different subclasses of GBM show predominance of different genetic alterations and therefore, understanding the complex signaling pathways and their key molecular components in different subclasses of GBM is extremely important with respect to clinical management. In this book chapter, we summarize the common and important signaling pathways that play a significant role in different subclasses and discuss their therapeutic targeting approaches in terms of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Brett Pryor
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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11
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Zhang L, Gao H, Li X, Yu F, Li P. The important regulatory roles of circRNA‑encoded proteins or peptides in cancer pathogenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:19. [PMID: 38186313 PMCID: PMC10783939 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of RNA molecules characterized by their covalently closed structures. There are three types of circRNAs, namely exonic circRNAs, exon‑intron circRNAs and circular intronic RNAs. To date, four distinct mechanisms have been unveiled through which circRNAs exert their functional influence, including serving as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interacting with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), modulating parental gene transcription and acting as templates for translation. Of note, among these mechanisms, the miRNA/RBP sponge function has been the most investigated one. Recent research has uncovered the presence of various proteins or peptides encoded by circRNA. CircRNAs are translated independent of the 5' cap and 3' polyA tail, which are typical elements for linear RNA translation. Some unique elements, such as internal ribosome entry sites and N‑methyladenosine modifications, facilitate the initiation of translation. These circRNA‑encoded proteins or peptides participate in diverse signalling pathways and act as important regulators in carcinogenesis by influencing cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and other key processes. Consequently, circRNA‑encoded proteins or peptides have great potential as therapeutic targets for anticancer drugs. The present comprehensive review aimed to systematically summarize the current understanding of circRNA‑encoded proteins or peptides and to unveil their roles in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
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12
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Dubey R, Sharma A, Gupta S, Gupta GD, Asati V. A comprehensive review of small molecules targeting PI3K pathway: Exploring the structural development for the treatment of breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107077. [PMID: 38176377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stands as one of the deadliest diseases, ranking second in terms of its global impact. Despite the presence of numerous compelling theories concerning its origins, none have succeeded in fully elucidating the intricate nature of this ailment. Among the prevailing concerns in today's world, breast cancer proliferation remains a significant issue, particularly affecting females. The abnormal proliferation of the PI3K pathway emerges as a prominent driver of breast cancer, underscoring its role in cellular survival and proliferation. Consequently, targeting this pathway has emerged as a leading strategy in breast cancer therapeutics. Within this context, the present article explores the current landscape of anti-tumour drug development, focusing on structural activity relationships (SAR) in PI3K targeting breast cancer treatment. Notably, certain moieties like triazines, pyrimidine, quinazoline, quinoline, and pyridoxine have been explored as potential PI3K inhibitors for combating breast cancer. Various heterocyclic small molecules are undergoing clinical trials, such as Alpelisib, the first orally available FDA-approved drug targeting PI3K; others include buparlisib, pictilisib, and taselisib, which inhibit class I PI3K. These drugs are used for the treatment of breast cancer but still have various side effects with their high cost. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to include all current advances in the development of anticancer medicines that target PI3K over-activation in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Anushka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shankar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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13
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Rahban M, Joushi S, Bashiri H, Saso L, Sheibani V. Characterization of prevalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their challenges in glioblastoma treatment. Front Chem 2024; 11:1325214. [PMID: 38264122 PMCID: PMC10804459 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1325214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. Despite extensive efforts in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and neurosurgery, there remains an inadequate level of improvement in treatment outcomes. The development of large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis suggests that GBMs are characterized by transcriptional heterogeneity, which is responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of GBM is crucial for developing effective treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) can act as signal transducers, regulate important cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Therefore, TK inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to specifically target these kinases. TKIs are categorized into allosteric and non-allosteric inhibitors. Irreversible inhibitors form covalent bonds, which can lead to longer-lasting effects. However, this can also increase the risk of off-target effects and toxicity. The development of TKIs as therapeutics through computer-aided drug design (CADD) and bioinformatic techniques enhance the potential to improve patients' survival rates. Therefore, the continued exploration of TKIs as drug targets is expected to lead to even more effective and specific therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Rahban
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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14
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Sharma S, Rana R, Prakash P, Ganguly NK. Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:127-170. [PMID: 37016182 PMCID: PMC10072821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
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15
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Mohite R, Doshi G. Elucidation of the Role of the Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Malignancies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:231-244. [PMID: 37526459 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230801094826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulates cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and movement. Moreover, significant studies have shown that the genes involved in this pathway are frequently activated in human cancer. Observational and computational modeling of the PI3K/AKt/ mTOR pathway inhibitors has been explored in clinical trials. It has been observed that the effectiveness and safety evidence from clinical studies and various inhibitors of this route have been given FDA approval. In this review article, we focused on the processes behind the overactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and provided an overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either individual drugs or a combination of different doses of drugs for different types of cancer. Furthermore, the review discusses the biological function and activation of the PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling and their role in the development of cancers. Additionally, we discussed the potential challenges and corresponding prediction biomarkers of response and resistance for PI3K/Akt/m- TOR inhibitor development. The article focuses on the most current breakthroughs in using the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to target certain molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Mohite
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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16
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Yang Y, Sun X, Luo L, Peng R, Yang R, Cheng Z, Lv Y, Li H, Tang Q, Zhu W, Qiao D, Xu S. Discovery of novel potent PI3K/mTOR dual-target inhibitors based on scaffold hopping: Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300403. [PMID: 37840368 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most common dysregulated signaling cascade responses in human cancers, playing a crucial role in cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Therefore, the development of anticancer drugs targeting the PI3K and mTOR pathways has become a research hotspot in cancer treatment. In this study, the PI3K selective inhibitor GDC-0941 was selected as a lead compound, and 28 thiophenyl-triazine derivatives with aromatic urea structures were synthesized based on scaffold hopping, serving as a novel class of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors. The most promising compound Y-2 was obtained through antiproliferative activity evaluation, kinase inhibition, and toxicity assays. The results showed that Y-2 demonstrated potential inhibitory effects on both PI3K kinase and mTOR kinase, with IC50 values of 171.4 and 10.2 nM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of Y-2 on mTOR kinase was 52 times greater than that of the positive drug GDC-0941. Subsequently, the antitumor activity of Y-2 was verified through pharmacological experiments such as AO staining, cell apoptosis, scratch assays, and cell colony formation. The antitumor mechanism of Y-2 was further investigated through JC-1 experiments, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis. Based on the above experiments, Y-2 can be identified as a potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Leixuan Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rujue Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiqing Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenjie Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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17
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Li S, Chen JS, Li X, Bai X, Shi D. MNK, mTOR or eIF4E-selecting the best anti-tumor target for blocking translation initiation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115781. [PMID: 37669595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of eIF4E is common in patients with various solid tumors and hematologic cancers. As a potential anti-cancer target, eIF4E has attracted extensive attention from researchers. At the same time, mTOR kinases inhibitors and MNK kinases inhibitors, which are directly related to regulation of eIF4E, have been rapidly developed. To explore the optimal anti-cancer targets among MNK, mTOR, and eIF4E, this review provides a detailed classification and description of the anti-cancer activities of promising compounds. In addition, the structures and activities of some dual-target inhibitors are briefly described. By analyzing the different characteristics of the inhibitors, it can be concluded that MNK1/2 and eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitors are superior to mTOR inhibitors. Simultaneous inhibition of MNK and eIF4E/eIF4G interaction may be the most promising anti-cancer method for targeting translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
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18
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Ingle K, LaComb JF, Graves LM, Baines AT, Bialkowska AB. AUM302, a novel triple kinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is a potent in vitro pancreatic cancer growth inhibitor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294065. [PMID: 37943821 PMCID: PMC10635512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) being the most common subtype. Advanced stage diagnosis of PDAC is common, causing limited treatment opportunities. Gemcitabine is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent which can be used as a monotherapy or in combination. However, tumors often develop resistance to gemcitabine. Previous studies show that the proto-oncogene PIM kinases (PIM1 and PIM3) are upregulated in PDAC compared to matched normal tissue and are related to chemoresistance and PDAC cell growth. The PIM kinases are also involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote cell survival. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the novel multikinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, AUM302, and commercially available PIM inhibitor, TP-3654. Using five human PDAC cell lines, we found AUM302 to be a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and phosphoprotein expression, while TP-3654 was less effective. Significantly, AUM302 had a strong impact on the viability of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AUM302 exhibits antitumor activity in human PDAC cells and thus has the potential to be an effective drug for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komala Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonio T. Baines
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, College of Health & Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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19
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Li H, Liu J, Qin X, Sun J, Liu Y, Jin F. Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Glioma Progression and Treatment Based on the Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3929-3942. [PMID: 37747595 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a deadly primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma (GBM) representing the most aggressive type. The clinical prognosis of GBM patients remains bleak despite the availability of multiple options for therapy, which has needed us to explore new therapeutic methods to face the rapid progression, short survival, and therapy resistance of glioblastomas. As the Human Genome Project advances, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians in cancer research. Numerous studies have found aberrant expression of signaling pathways in glioma cells. For example, lncRNAs not only play an integral role in the drug resistance process by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin or PI3K/Akt signaling but are also involved in a variety of malignant biological behaviors such as glioma proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor apoptosis. Therefore, the present review systematically assesses the existing research evidence on the malignant progression and drug resistance of glioma, focusing on the critical role and potential function of lncRNAs in the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt classical pathways to promote and encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jilan Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Xianyun Qin
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Jikui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272013, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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21
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Ghorbanzadeh Neghab M, Jalili-Nik M, Soltani A, Afshari AR, Hassanian SM, Rafatpanah H, Rezaee SA, Sadeghnia HR, Ataei Azimi S, Mashkani B. Rigosertib is more potent than wortmannin and rapamycin against adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Biofactors 2023; 49:1174-1188. [PMID: 37345860 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection can cause adult T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (ATLL), an incurable, chemotherapy-resistant malignancy. In a quest for new therapeutic targets, our study sought to determine the levels of AKT, mTOR, and PI3K in ATLL MT-2 cells, HTLV-1 infected NIH/3T3 cells (Inf-3T3), and HTLV-1 infected patients (Carrier, HAM/TSP, and ATLL). Furthermore, the effects of rigosertib, wortmannin, and rapamycin on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to inhibit the proliferation of ATLL cells were examined. The results showed that mRNA expression of Akt/PI3K/mTOR was down-regulated in carrier, HAM/TSP, and ATLL patients, as well as MT-2, and Inf-3T3 cells, compared to the healthy individuals and untreated MT-2 and Inf-3T3 as controls. However, western blotting revealed an increase in the phosphorylated and activated forms of AKT and mTOR. Treating the cells with rapamycin, wortmannin, and rigosertib decreased the phosphorylated forms of Akt and mTOR and restored their mRNA expression levels. Using these inhibitors also significantly boosted the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in the MT-2 and Inf-3T3cells. Rigosertib was more potent than wortmannin and rapamycin in inducing sub-G1 and G2-M cell cycle arrest, as well as late apoptosis in the Inf-3T3 and MT-2 cells. It also synergized the cytotoxic effects of vincristine. These findings demonstrate that HTLV-1 downregulation of the mRNA level may occur as a negative feedback response to increased PI3K-Akt-mTOR phosphorylation by HTLV-1. Therefore, using rigosertib alone or in combination with common chemotherapy drugs may be beneficial in ATLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Ataei Azimi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Singh S, Barik D, Lawrie K, Mohapatra I, Prasad S, Naqvi AR, Singh A, Singh G. Unveiling Novel Avenues in mTOR-Targeted Therapeutics: Advancements in Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14960. [PMID: 37834408 PMCID: PMC10573615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway plays a pivotal and intricate role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, driving tumorigenesis and proliferation. Mutations or deletions in the PTEN gene constitutively activate the mTOR pathway by expressing growth factors EGF and PDGF, which activate their respective receptor pathways (e.g., EGFR and PDGFR). The convergence of signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT pathway, intensifies the effect of mTOR activity. The inhibition of mTOR has the potential to disrupt diverse oncogenic processes and improve patient outcomes. However, the complexity of the mTOR signaling, off-target effects, cytotoxicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics, and drug resistance of the mTOR inhibitors pose ongoing challenges in effectively targeting glioblastoma. Identifying innovative treatment strategies to address these challenges is vital for advancing the field of glioblastoma therapeutics. This review discusses the potential targets of mTOR signaling and the strategies of target-specific mTOR inhibitor development, optimized drug delivery system, and the implementation of personalized treatment approaches to mitigate the complications of mTOR inhibitors. The exploration of precise mTOR-targeted therapies ultimately offers elevated therapeutic outcomes and the development of more effective strategies to combat the deadliest form of adult brain cancer and transform the landscape of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Karl Lawrie
- College of Saint Benedict, Saint John’s University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA
| | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sujata Prasad
- MLM Medical Laboratories, LLC, Oakdale, MN 55128, USA
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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23
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Zeng J, Zeng XX. Systems Medicine for Precise Targeting of Glioblastoma. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1565-1584. [PMID: 36859639 PMCID: PMC9977103 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant cancer that is fatal even after standard therapy and the effects of current available therapeutics are not promising due its complex and evolving epigenetic and genetic profile. The mysteries that lead to GBM intratumoral heterogeneity and subtype transitions are not entirely clear. Systems medicine is an approach to view the patient in a whole picture integrating systems biology and synthetic biology along with computational techniques. Since the GBM oncogenesis involves genetic mutations, various therapies including gene therapeutics based on CRISPR-Cas technique, MicroRNAs, and implanted synthetic cells endowed with synthetic circuits against GBM with neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells acting as potential vehicles carrying therapeutics via the intranasal route, avoiding the risks of invasive methods in order to reach the GBM cells in the brain are discussed and proposed in this review. Systems medicine approach is a rather novel strategy, and since the GBM of a patient is complex and unique, thus to devise an individualized treatment strategy to tailor personalized multimodal treatments for the individual patient taking into account the phenotype of the GBM, the unique body health profile of the patient and individual responses according to the systems medicine concept might show potential to achieve optimum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Benjoe Institute of Systems Bio-Engineering, High Technology Park, Xinbei District, Changzhou, 213022 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xue Zeng
- Department of Health Management, Centre of General Practice, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 28, Desheng Road Section, Liguan Road, Lishui Town, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528000 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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24
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Rabah N, Ait Mohand FE, Kravchenko-Balasha N. Understanding Glioblastoma Signaling, Heterogeneity, Invasiveness, and Drug Delivery Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14256. [PMID: 37762559 PMCID: PMC10532387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent and aggressive type of brain cancer, namely, glioblastoma (GBM), is characterized by intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and strong spreading capacity, which makes treatment ineffective. A true therapeutic answer is still in its infancy despite various studies that have made significant progress toward understanding the mechanisms behind GBM recurrence and its resistance. The primary causes of GBM recurrence are attributed to the heterogeneity and diffusive nature; therefore, monitoring the tumor's heterogeneity and spreading may offer a set of therapeutic targets that could improve the clinical management of GBM and prevent tumor relapse. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related poor drug delivery that prevents effective drug concentrations within the tumor is discussed. With a primary emphasis on signaling heterogeneity, tumor infiltration, and computational modeling of GBM, this review covers typical therapeutic difficulties and factors contributing to drug resistance development and discusses potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.R.); (F.-E.A.M.)
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25
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DU K, Wu X, Ji X, Liang N, Li Z. Early growth response 1 promoted the invasion of glioblastoma multiforme by elevating HMGB1. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:422-430. [PMID: 33297605 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.05107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly glioma subtype. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) participates in the progression of several cancer types, but the expression and function of EGR1 in GBM was rarely investigated. METHODS The expressions of EGR1 in GBM were detected with qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 12 pairs of fresh GBM tissues and 116 paraffin-embedded specimens. The patients were divided into high and low EGR1 groups according to the IHC score of EGR1, and the prognostic significances of different groups were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. With in-vitro experiments, we assessed the role of EGR1 in the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. RESULTS In our study, EGR1 was up-regulated in GBM tissues compared with tumor-adjacent normal tissues. High expression of EGR1 or HMGB1 were unfavorable prognostic biomarkers of GBM. Coexpression of EGR1 and HMGB1 could predict the prognosis of GBM more sensitively. EGR1 facilitated the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Moreover, EGR1 promoted the invasion, instead of proliferation, of GBM cells by elevating the expression of HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS ERG1 was a prognostic biomarker of GBM, and ERG1 and HMGB1 synergistically could predict the GBM prognosis more precisely. ERG1 could promote GBM cell invasion by inducing HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai DU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China -
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26
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Terceiro LEL, Ikeogu NM, Lima MF, Edechi CA, Nickel BE, Fischer G, Leygue E, McManus KJ, Myal Y. Navigating the Blood-Brain Barrier: Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12034. [PMID: 37569410 PMCID: PMC10418424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with metastatic BC being responsible for the highest number of deaths. A frequent site for BC metastasis is the brain. Brain metastasis derived from BC involves the cooperation of multiple genetic, epigenetic, angiogenic, and tumor-stroma interactions. Most of these interactions provide a unique opportunity for development of new therapeutic targets. Potentially targetable signaling pathways are Notch, Wnt, and the epidermal growth factor receptors signaling pathways, all of which are linked to driving BC brain metastasis (BCBM). However, a major challenge in treating brain metastasis remains the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier restricts the access of unwanted molecules, cells, and targeted therapies to the brain parenchyma. Moreover, current therapies to treat brain metastases, such as stereotactic radiosurgery and whole-brain radiotherapy, have limited efficacy. Promising new drugs like phosphatase and kinase modulators, as well as BBB disruptors and immunotherapeutic strategies, have shown the potential to ease the disease in preclinical studies, but remain limited by multiple resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes some of the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in BC brain metastasis and highlights current challenges as well as opportunities in strategic designs of potentially successful future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Nnamdi M. Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Matheus F. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Chidalu A. Edechi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Barbara E. Nickel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabor Fischer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (E.L.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (E.L.); (K.J.M.)
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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27
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Singh H. Role of Molecular Targeted Therapeutic Drugs in Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Review Article. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:42-47. [PMID: 37077370 PMCID: PMC10110362 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-57028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is remarkably periodic primary brain tumor, characterizing an eminently heterogeneous pattern of neoplasms that are utmost destructive and threatening cancers. An enhanced and upgraded knowledge of the various molecular pathways that cause malignant changes in glioblastoma has resulted in advancement of numerous biomarkers and the interpretation of various agents that pointedly target tumor cells and microenvironment. In this review, literature or information on various targeted therapy for glioblastoma is discussed. English language articles were scrutinized in plentiful directory or databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The important keywords used for searching databases are "Glioblastoma," "Targeted therapy in glioblastoma," "Therapeutic drugs in glioblastoma," and "Molecular targets in glioblastoma."
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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28
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Chen F, Cui JJ, Jiang DC, Wang HZ, Zhuang W, Feng YN, Lin XL, Xi SY. Antitumor mechanism of kangliu pill on gliomas in mice through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116252. [PMID: 36775078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gliomas are common malignant intracranial tumors that have worse prognosis and pose a serious threat to human health. The Kangliu pill (KLP) is an innovative herbal compound from Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University that has been clinically used for the treatment of gliomas for more than 40 years, and is one of the few drugs for primary treatment of this disorder. But the fundamental molecular mechanisms and pathways of KLP are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of KLP in the treatment of gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in situ xenograft model of red fluorescent protein-labeled human glioma cell line (U87-RFP) in BALB/c-nu mouse was established, and the therapeutic effect of KLP on gliomas was assessed by tumor weights and fluorescence areas. A quantitative proteomics approach using tandem mass tags combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to explore differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in glioma tissues, and bioinformatics analyses including Gene Ontology analysis, pathway analysis, and network analysis were performed to analyze the proteins involved in the network therapeutic mechanisms responsible for key metabolic pathways. Cytological experiments corroborated the above analysis results. RESULTS Network pharmacology approach screened 246 bioactive compounds contained in KLP, targeting 724 proteins and 173 potential targets of KLP for glioma treatment. The important targets obtained after visualizing the PPI network were AKT1, INS, GAPDH, SRC, TP53, etc. The KEGG enrichment results showed that 9 proteins were related to cancer, including Pathways in cancer, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, etc. KLP had antitumor activity in gliomas, which reduced tumor weights and fluorescence areas. A number of DEPs possibly associated with gliomas were identified through quantitative proteomic techniques. Among these DEPs, 50 (25 upregulated and 25 downregulated) were identified that might be associated with KLP action. Bioinformatics showed that these 50 DEPs were mainly focused on focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Cytological experiments revealed that KLP significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of U87-MG human glioma cells, and its mechanism was through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Therapeutic effect of KLP was regulation of multiple pathways in the treatment of gliomas. In specific, it interacts through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This work may contribute proteomic insights for further research on the medical treatment of glioma using KLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - De-Chun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Hai-Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying-Nan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Yalamarty SSK, Filipczak N, Li X, Subhan MA, Parveen F, Ataide JA, Rajmalani BA, Torchilin VP. Mechanisms of Resistance and Current Treatment Options for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072116. [PMID: 37046777 PMCID: PMC10093719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that is difficult to treat due to its resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance is largely due to the unique biology of GBM cells, which can evade the effects of conventional treatments through mechanisms such as increased resistance to cell death and rapid regeneration of cancerous cells. Additionally, the blood–brain barrier makes it difficult for chemotherapy drugs to reach GBM cells, leading to reduced effectiveness. Despite these challenges, there are several treatment options available for GBM. The standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM patients involves surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Emerging treatments include immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies, such as bevacizumab, that attempt to attack specific vulnerabilities in GBM cells. Another promising approach is the use of tumor-treating fields, a type of electric field therapy that has been shown to slow the growth of GBM cells. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these and other innovative treatments for GBM, intending to improve with outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, DHQ Hospital, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Bharat Ashok Rajmalani
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Gatto L, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Di Nunno V, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Glioblastoma treatment slowly moves toward change: novel druggable targets and translational horizons in 2022. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:269-286. [PMID: 36718723 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2174097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. GBM treatment options have been the same for the past 30 years and have only modestly extended survival, despite aggressive multimodal treatments. The progressively better knowledge of GBM biology and a comprehensive analysis of its genomic profile have elucidated GBM heterogeneity, contributing to a more effective molecular classification and to the development of innovative targeted therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED This article reports all the noteworthy innovations for immunotherapy and targeted therapy, providing insights into the current advances in trial designs, including combination therapies with immuno-oncology agents and target combinations. EXPERT OPINION GBM molecular heterogeneity and brain anatomical characteristics critically restrain drug effectiveness. Nevertheless, stimulating insights for future research and drug development come from innovative treatment strategies for GBM, such as multi-specific 'off-the-shelf' CAR-T therapy, oncolytic viral therapy and autologous dendritic cell vaccination. Disappointing results from targeted therapies-clinical trials are mainly due to complex interferences between signaling pathways and biological processes leading to drug resistance: hence, it is imperative in the future to develop combinatorial approaches and multimodal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gatto
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bartolini
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Han S, Zhang Z, Ma W, Gao J, Li Y. Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptor Subfamily C (NLRC) as a Prognostic Biomarker for Glioblastoma Multiforme Linked to Tumor Microenvironment: A Bioinformatics, Immunohistochemistry, and Machine Learning-Based Study. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:523-537. [PMID: 36798872 PMCID: PMC9926983 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s397305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest primary brain tumor. We aimed to illuminate the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor subfamily C (NLRC) in GBM. Patients and Methods Based on public database data (mainly The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA]), we performed bioinformatics analysis to visually evaluate the role and mechanism of NLRCs in GBM. Then, we validated our findings in a glioma tissue microarray (TMA) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the prognostic value of NOD1 was assessed via random forest (RF) models. Results In GBM tissues, the expression of NLRC members was significantly increased, which was related to the low survival rate of GBM. Additionally, Cox regression analysis revealed that the expression of NOD1 (among NLRCs) served as an independent prognostic marker. A nomogram based on multivariate analysis proved the effective predictive performance of NOD1 in GBM. Enrichment analysis showed that high expression of NOD1 could regulate extracellular structure, cell adhesion, and immune response to promote tumor progression. Then, immune infiltration analysis showed that NOD1 overexpression correlated with an enhanced immune response. Then, in a glioma TMA, the results of IHC revealed that the increase in NOD1 expression indicated high recurrence and poor prognosis of human glioma. Furthermore, the expression level of NOD1 showed good prognostic value in the TMA cohort via RF. Conclusion The value of NOD1 as a biomarker for GBM was demonstrated. The possible mechanisms may lie in the regulatory role of NLRC-related pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Department of International Medical Service, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yongning Li, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of International Medical Service, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13901074129, Fax +86 1069152530, Email
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Seol MY, Choi SH, Lee IJ, Park HS, Kim HR, Kim SK, Yoon HI. Selective Inhibition of PI3K Isoforms in Brain Tumors Suppresses Tumor Growth by Increasing Radiosensitivity. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:139-147. [PMID: 36719022 PMCID: PMC9892548 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Radioresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of brain tumors. The development of several types of tumors, including GBM, involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Upon activation, this pathway induces radioresistance. In this study, we investigated whether additional use of selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms would enhance radiosensitivity in GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whether radiation combined with PI3K isoform selective inhibitors can suppress radioresistance in GBM. Glioma 261 expressing luciferase (GL261-luc) and LN229 were used to confirm the effect of combination of radiation and PI3K isoform inhibitors in vitro. Cell viability was confirmed by clonogenic assay, and inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling activation was observed by Western blot. To confirm radiosensitivity, the expression of phospho-γ-H2AX was observed by immunofluorescence. In addition, to identify the effect of a combination of radiation and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor in vivo, an intracranial mouse model was established by implanting GL261-luc. Tumor growth was observed by IVIS imaging, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased radiosensitivity, and PI3K-α inhibition had similar effects on PI3K-pan inhibition in vitro. The combination of radiotherapy and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor suppressed tumor growth and extended survival in vivo. CONCLUSION This study verified that PI3K-α isoform inhibition improves radiosensitivity, resulting in tumor growth suppression and extended survival in GBM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Youn Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhao B, Sun J, DU K, Liang N, Sun J. Sprouty 4 suppresses glioblastoma invasion by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation and ETS-1-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:121-128. [PMID: 32618153 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.04969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with highly aggressive behavior and the worst prognosis. Many efforts have been made to develop new drugs and improve the patient's survival, but the effects are not satisfactory. Here we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance and tumor-repressive function of Sprouty4 (SPRY4) in GBM. METHODS In our study, we detected the expression of SPRY4 in 109 GBM patients and 12 pairs of GBM tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues. χ2 test was applied to analyze the association between SPRY4 expression and the clinicopathological factors. The prognostic significances were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses, which were carried out by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox-regression proportional hazards model, respectively. With in-vitro experiments, we investigated the tumor-suppressing function of SPRY4 in GBM invasion and investigated the underlying mechanism. RESULTS SPRY4 mRNAs in GBMs were significantly lower than those in adjacent brain tissues. We demonstrated that SPRY4 expression could predict the favorable prognosis of GBM, and SPRY4 was an independent favorable prognostic factor of GBM. SPRY4 repressed GBM invasion via inhibiting ERK phosphorylation; therefore, suppressing ETS-1-induced MMP9 expression. CONCLUSIONS SPRY4 was an independent favorable prognostic factor of GBM, and it could suppress GBM invasion by ERK-ETS-MMP9 axis. Our results indicated that SPRY4 may be a promising drug target of GBM and SPRY4 detection could stratify patients with low SPRY4 expression who may benefit from anti-FGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Kai DU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China -
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Alcaniz J, Winkler L, Dahlmann M, Becker M, Orthmann A, Haybaeck J, Krassnig S, Skofler C, Kratzsch T, Kuhn SA, Jödicke A, Linnebacher M, Fichtner I, Walther W, Hoffmann J. Clinically relevant glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft models to guide drug development and identify molecular signatures. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129627. [PMID: 37114125 PMCID: PMC10126369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity, aggressiveness and infiltrative growth drastically limit success of current standard of care drugs and efficacy of various new therapeutic approaches. There is a need for new therapies and models reflecting the complex biology of these tumors to analyze the molecular mechanisms of tumor formation and resistance, as well as to identify new therapeutic targets. We established and screened a panel of 26 patient-derived subcutaneous (s.c.) xenograft (PDX) GBM models on immunodeficient mice, of which 15 were also established as orthotopic models. Sensitivity toward a drug panel, selected for their different modes of action, was determined. Best treatment responses were observed for standard of care temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab. Matching orthotopic models frequently show reduced sensitivity, as the blood-brain barrier limits crossing of the drugs to the GBM. Molecular characterization of 23 PDX identified all of them as IDH-wt (R132) with frequent mutations in EGFR, TP53, FAT1, and within the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Their expression profiles resemble proposed molecular GBM subtypes mesenchymal, proneural and classical, with pronounced clustering for gene sets related to angiogenesis and MAPK signaling. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis identified hallmark gene sets of hypoxia and mTORC1 signaling as enriched in temozolomide resistant PDX. In models sensitive for mTOR inhibitor everolimus, hypoxia-related gene sets reactive oxygen species pathway and angiogenesis were enriched. Our results highlight how our platform of s.c. GBM PDX can reflect the complex, heterogeneous biology of GBM. Combined with transcriptome analyses, it is a valuable tool in identification of molecular signatures correlating with monitored responses. Available matching orthotopic PDX models can be used to assess the impact of the tumor microenvironment and blood-brain barrier on efficacy. Our GBM PDX panel therefore represents a valuable platform for screening regarding molecular markers and pharmacologically active drugs, as well as optimizing delivery of active drugs to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Alcaniz
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joshua Alcaniz,
| | - Lars Winkler
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Orthmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Neuropathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Krassnig
- Department of Neuropathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Kratzsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A. Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Jödicke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Hospital Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Kim O, Butler M, Sergi Z, Robey RW, Zhang M, Chari R, Pang Y, Yu G, Zhang W, Song H, Davis D, Hawley RG, Wen X, Wang H, Quezado M, Tran B, Merchant M, Ranjan A, Furnari FB, Khan J, Gilbert MR, Ryan Miller C, Gottesman MM, Pommier Y, Wu J. Combined inhibition of topoisomerase I and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: A synergistic therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma with phosphatase and tensin homolog deficiency. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad102. [PMID: 37706203 PMCID: PMC10496946 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deletions or loss-of-function mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are common in glioblastoma (GBM) and have been associated with defective DNA damage repair. Here we investigated whether PTEN deficiency presents a vulnerability to a simultaneous induction of DNA damage and suppression of repair mechanisms by combining topoisomerase I (TOP1) and PARP inhibitors. Methods Patient-derived GBM cells and isogenic PTEN-null and PTEN-WT glioma cells were treated with LMP400 (Indotecan), a novel non-camptothecin TOP1 inhibitor alone and in combination with a PARP inhibitor, Olaparib or Niraparib. RNAseq analysis was performed to identify treatment-induced dysregulated pathways. Results We found that GBM cells lacking PTEN expression are highly sensitive to LMP400; however, rescue of the PTEN expression reduces sensitivity to the treatment. Combining LMP400 with Niraparib leads to synergistic cytotoxicity by inducing G2/M arrest, DNA damage, suppression of homologous recombination-related proteins, and activation of caspase 3/7 activity significantly more in PTEN-null cells compared to PTEN-WT cells. LMP400 and Niraparib are not affected by ABCB1 and ABCG2, the major ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus suggesting BBB penetration which is a prerequisite for potential brain tumor treatment. Animal studies confirmed both an anti-glioma effect and sufficient BBB penetration to prolong survival of mice treated with the drug combination. Conclusions Our findings provide a proof of concept for the combined treatment with LMP400 and Niraparib in a subset of GBM patients with PTEN deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kim
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madison Butler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zach Sergi
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Inc/ Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Pang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangyang Yu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dionne Davis
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bao Tran
- Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Inc/ Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mythili Merchant
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice Ranjan
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Cortés Franco KD, Brakmann IC, Feoktistova M, Panayotova-Dimitrova D, Gründer S, Tian Y. Aggressive migration in acidic pH of a glioblastoma cancer stem cell line in vitro is independent of ASIC and K Ca3.1 ion channels, but involves phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:405-416. [PMID: 36522586 PMCID: PMC9908655 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of proliferative and aggressive tumours, such as the brain tumour glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is often acidic, hypoxic, and nutrient deficient. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-sensitive Na+ channels that have been proposed to play a role in pH sensing and in modulation of cancer cell migration. We previously reported that primary glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which grow as multicellular tumour spheroids, express functional ASIC1a and ASIC3, whereas ASIC2a is downregulated in GSCs. Using a 2.5D migration assay, here we report that acidic pH dramatically increased migration of GSCs of the pro-neural subtype. Pharmacological blockade as well as CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knock-out of ASIC1a or stable overexpression of ASIC2a, however, revealed that neither ASIC1a nor ASIC3, nor downregulation of ASIC2a, mediated the aggressive migration at acidic pH. Therefore, we tested the role of two other proteins previously implicated in cancer cell migration: the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 (KCNN4) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). While pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 did also not affect migration, blockade of PI3K decreased migration at acidic pH to control levels. In summary, our study reveals a strongly enhanced migration of GSCs at acidic pH in vitro and identifies PI3K as an important mediator of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilka C Brakmann
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Feoktistova
- Department of Dermatology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yuemin Tian
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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Shao W, Azam Z, Guo J, To SST. Oncogenic potential of PIK3CD in glioblastoma is exerted through cytoskeletal proteins PAK3 and PLEK2. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1314-1322. [PMID: 35851857 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class IA phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic isoforms p110α, p110β, and p110δ have been implicated to play vital but overlapping roles in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously shown that PIK3CD, encoding p110δ, is highly expressed in multiple glioma cell lines and involved in glioma cell migration and invasion. Based on the RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found the level of PIK3CD expression is significantly higher in GBM than WHO grade II and III gliomas and is closely related to poor survival. To further dissect the oncogenic roles of PIK3CD in glioma progression, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to completely abrogate its expression in the GBM cell line U87-MG and have successfully isolated two knockout clones with different gene modifications. As expected, the knockout clones exhibited significantly lower migration and invasion capabilities when compared with their parental cells. Interestingly, knockout of PIK3CD also dramatically reduced the colony formation ability of the knockout cells. Further study revealed that PIK3CD deficiency could negate tumorigenesis in nude mice. To determine the downstream effect of PIK3CD depletion, we performed RT2 profiler PCR array of selected gene sets and found that knockout of PIK3CD impaired the activity of p-21 activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2), molecules involved in cancer cell migration and proliferation. This explains why the glioma cells without the PIK3CD expression exhibited weaker oncogenic features. Further, RNAseq analysis of parent and knockout clones revealed that this interaction might happen through axonogenesis signaling pathway. Taken together, we demonstrated that PIK3CD could be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zulfikar Azam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shing Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Gade IS, Chadéneau C, Simo RT, Talla E, Atchade ADT, Seité P, Vannier B, Laurent S, Henoumont C, Kamdje AHN, Muller JM. Euphol from Tapinanthus sp. Induces Apoptosis and Affects Signaling Proteins in Glioblastoma and Prostate Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4205-4212. [PMID: 36580003 PMCID: PMC9971480 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants play an important role in cancer therapy. They are source of natural molecules which can induce apoptosis in cancer cells by affecting molecular mechanisms implicated in cancer progression. The MAP Kinase/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are two classical signaling pathways implicated in cancer progression and constitute therapeutic targets against cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of euphol on MAP Kinase/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in glioblastoma and prostate cancer cells. Euphol is a tetracyclique triterpene alcohol isolated from Tapinanthus sp. which is a hemi parasitic plant belonging to Loranthaceae family. METHODS Plant powder was extracted by maceration and euphol was isolated and described using respectively column chromatography separation on silica gel and spectroscopic data. Cytotoxic effect of euphol was evaluated using XTT assay and its effect on MAP Kinase/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT protein expression was investigated by Western immunoblot analysis. Apotosis was analyzed by evaluating caspase-3/7 activity. RESULTS Our investigations demonstrated that this compound has an important cytotoxic effect on C6 and U87 MG glioblastoma (GBM) cells and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, euphol-induced apoptosis revealed by elevated caspase 3/7 activity, was correlated with a significant inhibition of MAP kinase/Erk 1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in glioblastoma U87 MG cells. The reverse effect was observed in C6 glioblastoma cells, where apoptosis was correlated with a long-lasting activation of Erk 1/2. In PC-3 cells, euphol had no or limited effect on Erk 1/2 and Akt activity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that euphol induces cell death in glioblastoma and prostate cancer cells and regulates significantly Erk1/2 and Akt activity in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Silvère Gade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- UFR Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Team Receptors, Regulations, Tumor Cells (2RCT)-EA 3842 CAPTuR, Health-Building Biology Pole. B36/B37, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet-TSA 51106, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France.
| | - Corinne Chadéneau
- UFR Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Team Receptors, Regulations, Tumor Cells (2RCT)-EA 3842 CAPTuR, Health-Building Biology Pole. B36/B37, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet-TSA 51106, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France.
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
| | - Emmanuel Talla
- School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
| | | | - Paule Seité
- UFR Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Team Receptors, Regulations, Tumor Cells (2RCT)-EA 3842 CAPTuR, Health-Building Biology Pole. B36/B37, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet-TSA 51106, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France.
| | - Brigitte Vannier
- UFR Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Team Receptors, Regulations, Tumor Cells (2RCT)-EA 3842 CAPTuR, Health-Building Biology Pole. B36/B37, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet-TSA 51106, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging, Department of General, Organic Chemistry and Biomedical, University of MONS, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Céline Henoumont
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging, Department of General, Organic Chemistry and Biomedical, University of MONS, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Armel H Nwabo Kamdje
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
| | - Jean-Marc Muller
- UFR Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Team Receptors, Regulations, Tumor Cells (2RCT)-EA 3842 CAPTuR, Health-Building Biology Pole. B36/B37, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet-TSA 51106, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France.
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Aggarwal P, Luo W, Pehlivan KC, Hoang H, Rajappa P, Cripe TP, Cassady KA, Lee DA, Cairo MS. Pediatric versus adult high grade glioma: Immunotherapeutic and genomic considerations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038096. [PMID: 36483545 PMCID: PMC9722734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas are identified as malignant central nervous tumors that spread rapidly and have a universally poor prognosis. Historically high grade gliomas in the pediatric population have been treated similarly to adult high grade gliomas. For the first time, the most recent classification of central nervous system tumors by World Health Organization has divided adult from pediatric type diffuse high grade gliomas, underscoring the biologic differences between these tumors in different age groups. The objective of our review is to compare high grade gliomas in the adult versus pediatric patient populations, highlighting similarities and differences in epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. High grade gliomas in adults versus children have varying clinical presentations, molecular biology background, and response to chemotherapy, as well as unique molecular targets. However, increasing evidence show that they both respond to recently developed immunotherapies. This review summarizes the distinctions and commonalities between the two in disease pathogenesis and response to therapeutic interventions with a focus on immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Hai Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin A. Cassady
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mitchell S. Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Mitchell S. Cairo,
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40
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Noorani I, Mischel PS, Swanton C. Leveraging extrachromosomal DNA to fine-tune trials of targeted therapy for glioblastoma: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:733-743. [PMID: 36131011 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma evolution is facilitated by intratumour heterogeneity, which poses a major hurdle to effective treatment. Evidence indicates a key role for oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in accelerating tumour evolution and thus resistance to treatment, particularly in glioblastomas. Oncogenes contained within ecDNA can reach high copy numbers and expression levels, and their unequal segregation can result in more rapid copy number changes in response to therapy than is possible through natural selection of intrachromosomal genomic loci. Notably, targeted therapies inhibiting oncogenic pathways have failed to improve glioblastoma outcomes. In this Perspective, we outline reasons for this disappointing lack of clinical translation and present the emerging evidence implicating ecDNA as an important driver of tumour evolution. Furthermore, we suggest that through detection of ecDNA, patient selection for clinical trials of novel agents can be optimized to include those most likely to benefit based on current understanding of resistance mechanisms. We discuss the challenges to successful translation of this approach, including accurate detection of ecDNA in tumour tissue with novel technologies, development of faithful preclinical models for predicting the efficacy of novel agents in the presence of ecDNA oncogenes, and understanding the mechanisms of ecDNA formation during cancer evolution and how they could be attenuated therapeutically. Finally, we evaluate the feasibility of routine ecDNA characterization in the clinic and how this process could be integrated with other methods of molecular stratification to maximize the potential for clinical translation of precision medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Noorani
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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41
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Szklener K, Mazurek M, Wieteska M, Wacławska M, Bilski M, Mańdziuk S. New Directions in the Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5377. [PMID: 36358795 PMCID: PMC9655599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common histologic type of all gliomas and contributes to 57.3% of all cases. Despite the standard management based on surgical resection and radiotherapy, it is related to poor outcome, with a 5-year relative survival rate below 6.9%. In order to improve the overall outcome for patients, the new therapeutic strategies are needed. Herein, we describe the current state of knowledge on novel targeted therapies in glioblastoma. Based on recent studies, we compared treatment efficacy measured by overall survival and progression-free survival in patients treated with selected potential antitumor drugs. The results of the application of the analyzed inhibitors are highly variable despite the encouraging conclusions of previous preclinical studies. This paper focused on drugs that target major glioblastoma kinases. As far, the results of some BRAF inhibitors are favorable. Vemurafenib demonstrated a long-term efficacy in clinical trials while the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib improves PFS compared with both vemurafenib and dabrafenib alone. There is no evidence that any MEK inhibitor is effective in monotherapy. According to the current state of knowledge, BRAF and MEK inhibition are more advantageous than BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. Moreover, mTOR inhibitors (especially paxalisib) may be considered a particularly important group. Everolimus demonstrated a partial response in a significant proportion of patients when combined with bevacizumab, however its actual role in the treatment is unclear. Neither nintedanib nor pemigatinib were efficient in treatment of GBM. Among the anti-VEGF drugs, bevacizumab monotherapy was a well-tolerated option, significantly associated with anti-GBM activity in patients with recurrent GBM. The efficacy of aflibercept and pazopanib in monotherapy has not been demonstrated. Apatinib has been proven to be effective and tolerable by a single clinical trial, but more research is needed. Lenvatinib is under trial. Finally, promising results from a study with regorafenib may be confirmed by the ongoing randomized AGILE trial. The studies conducted so far have provided a relatively wide range of drugs, which are at least well tolerated and demonstrated some efficacy in the randomized clinical trials. The comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of gliomas promises to further improve the treatment outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szklener
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wieteska
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wacławska
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bilski
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mańdziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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O’Neill KC, Liapis E, Harris BT, Perlin DS, Carter CL. Mass spectrometry imaging discriminates glioblastoma tumor cell subpopulations and different microvascular formations based on their lipid profiles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17069. [PMID: 36224354 PMCID: PMC9556690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a prevalent malignant brain tumor and despite clinical intervention, tumor recurrence is frequent and usually fatal. Genomic investigations have provided a greater understanding of molecular heterogeneity in glioblastoma, yet there are still no curative treatments, and the prognosis has remained unchanged. The aggressive nature of glioblastoma is attributed to the heterogeneity in tumor cell subpopulations and aberrant microvascular proliferation. Ganglioside-directed immunotherapy and membrane lipid therapy have shown efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma. To truly harness these novel therapeutics and develop a regimen that improves clinical outcome, a greater understanding of the altered lipidomic profiles within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment is urgently needed. In this work, high resolution mass spectrometry imaging was utilized to investigate lipid heterogeneity in human glioblastoma samples. Data presented offers the first insight into the histology-specific accumulation of lipids involved in cell metabolism and signaling. Cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositol, ceramide-1-phosphate, and gangliosides, including the glioblastoma stem cell marker, GD3, were shown to differentially accumulate in tumor and endothelial cell subpopulations. Conversely, a reduction in sphingomyelins and sulfatides were detected in tumor cell regions. Cellular accumulation for each lipid class was dependent upon their fatty acid residue composition, highlighting the importance of understanding lipid structure-function relationships. Discriminating ions were identified and correlated to histopathology and Ki67 proliferation index. These results identified multiple lipids within the glioblastoma microenvironment that warrant further investigation for the development of predictive biomarkers and lipid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. O’Neill
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Brent T. Harris
- grid.411667.30000 0001 2186 0438Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA ,grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Claire L. Carter
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA ,grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
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43
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Chen D, Liu Z, Wang J, Yang C, Pan C, Tang Y, Zhang P, Liu N, Li G, Li Y, Wu Z, Xia F, Zhang C, Nie H, Tang Z. Integrative genomic analysis facilitates precision strategies for glioblastoma treatment. iScience 2022; 25:105276. [PMID: 36300002 PMCID: PMC9589211 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Currently, the standard treatments for GBM rarely achieve satisfactory results, which means that current treatments are not individualized and precise enough. In this study, a multiomics-based GBM classification was established and three subclasses (GPA, GPB, and GPC) were identified, which have different molecular features both in bulk samples and at single-cell resolution. A robust GBM poor prognostic signature (GPS) score model was then developed using machine learning method, manifesting an excellent ability to predict the survival of GBM. NVP−BEZ235, GDC−0980, dasatinib and XL765 were ultimately identified to have subclass-specific efficacy targeting patients with a high risk of poor prognosis. Furthermore, the GBM classification and GPS score model could be considered as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy response. In summary, an integrative genomic analysis was conducted to advance individual-based therapies in GBM. A multiomics-based classification of GBM was established Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of GBM subclasses was revealed using Scissor A robust prognostic risk model was developed for GBM by machine learning method Prediction of potential agents based on molecular and prognostic risk stratification
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Liver Surgery and Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gaigai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Liver Surgery and Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhuojin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Corresponding author
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44
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Alvarado AG, Tessema K, Muthukrishnan SD, Sober M, Kawaguchi R, Laks DR, Bhaduri A, Swarup V, Nathanson DA, Geschwind DH, Goldman SA, Kornblum HI. Pathway-based approach reveals differential sensitivity to E2F1 inhibition in glioblastoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1049-1060. [PMID: 36213002 PMCID: PMC9536135 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of tumor gene expression is an important approach for the classification and identification of therapeutic vulnerabilities. However, targeting glioblastoma (GBM) based on molecular subtyping has not yet translated into successful therapies. Here, we present an integrative approach based on molecular pathways to expose new potentially actionable targets. We used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to conduct an unsupervised clustering analysis to condense the gene expression data from bulk patient samples and patient-derived gliomasphere lines into new gene signatures. We identified key targets that are predicted to be differentially activated between tumors and were functionally validated in a library of gliomasphere cultures. Resultant cluster-specific gene signatures associated not only with hallmarks of cell cycle and stemness gene expression, but also with cell-type specific markers and different cellular states of GBM. Several upstream regulators, such as PIK3R1 and EBF1 were differentially enriched in cells bearing stem cell like signatures and bear further investigation. We identified the transcription factor E2F1 as a key regulator of tumor cell proliferation and self-renewal in only a subset of gliomasphere cultures predicted to be E2F1 signaling dependent. Our in vivo work also validated the functional significance of E2F1 in tumor formation capacity in the predicted samples. E2F1 inhibition also differentially sensitized E2F1-dependent gliomasphere cultures to radiation treatment. Our findings indicate that this novel approach exploring cancer pathways highlights key therapeutic vulnerabilities for targeting GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro G. Alvarado
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kaleab Tessema
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sree Deepthi Muthukrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mackenzie Sober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dan R. Laks
- Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, UCI, Irvine, California
| | - David A. Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven A. Goldman
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harley I. Kornblum
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Voxtalisib and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Combinatorial Effect On Glioblastoma Multiforme Cancer Stem Cells Via PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Akinlalu AO, Njoku PC, Nzekwe CV, Oni RO, Fojude T, Faniyi AJ, Olagunju AS. Recent developments in the significant effect of mRNA modification (M6A) in glioblastoma and esophageal cancer. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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47
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Association of TP53 rs1042522 C>G Polymorphism with Glioma Risk in Chinese Children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2712808. [PMID: 35996546 PMCID: PMC9392611 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2712808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy. TP53 is a crucial tumor suppressor gene that plays an essential regulatory role in cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism has been reported to be strongly associated with various tumor risks. To assess the TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism with glioma risk in Chinese children, we determined the genotypes of the TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism in 171 glioma patients and 228 cancer-free controls by Taqman assay. We assessed the association of the polymorphism with glioma risk using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) generated by logistic regression models. We also performed stratified analyses by age, gender, tumor subtypes, and clinical stages, but no significant association was detected between TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism and childhood glioma risk. These results suggest that the TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism is not associated with glioma risk in Chinese children. Subsequent studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate our results.
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48
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Hu J, Gao J, Fang X, Liu Z, Wang F, Huang W, Wu H, Zhao G. DTSyn: a dual-transformer-based neural network to predict synergistic drug combinations. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6652782. [PMID: 35915050 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug combination therapies are superior to monotherapy for cancer treatment in many ways. Identifying novel drug combinations by screening is challenging for the wet-lab experiments due to the time-consuming process of the enormous search space of possible drug pairs. Thus, computational methods have been developed to predict drug pairs with potential synergistic functions. Notwithstanding the success of current models, understanding the mechanism of drug synergy from a chemical-gene-tissue interaction perspective lacks study, hindering current algorithms from drug mechanism study. Here, we proposed a deep neural network model termed DTSyn (Dual Transformer encoder model for drug pair Synergy prediction) based on a multi-head attention mechanism to identify novel drug combinations. We designed a fine-granularity transformer encoder to capture chemical substructure-gene and gene-gene associations and a coarse-granularity transformer encoder to extract chemical-chemical and chemical-cell line interactions. DTSyn achieved the highest receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.73, 0.78. 0.82 and 0.81 on four different cross-validation tasks, outperforming all competing methods. Further, DTSyn achieved the best True Positive Rate (TPR) over five independent data sets. The ablation study showed that both transformer encoder blocks contributed to the performance of DTSyn. In addition, DTSyn can extract interactions among chemicals and cell lines, representing the potential mechanisms of drug action. By leveraging the attention mechanism and pretrained gene embeddings, DTSyn shows improved interpretability ability. Thus, we envision our model as a valuable tool to prioritize synergistic drug pairs with chemical and cell line gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Baidu, Inc., 701, Na Xian Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Baidu, Inc., 701, Na Xian Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Baidu, Inc., Xue Fu Road, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- Baidu, Inc., Xue Fu Road, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Baidu, Inc., Xue Fu Road, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weili Huang
- HWL Consulting LLC, 3328 Antigua Dr, 97408, Oregon, US
| | - Hua Wu
- Baidu, Inc., No. 10 Shangdi 10th Street, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Baidu, Inc., 701, Na Xian Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
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ZSTK474 Sensitizes Glioblastoma to Temozolomide by Blocking Homologous Recombination Repair. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8568528. [PMID: 35872860 PMCID: PMC9300311 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8568528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) is used as the standard chemotherapeutic agent for GBM but with limited success, and treatment failure is mainly due to tumor resistance. One of the leading causes of TMZ resistance is the upregulation of the DNA repair mechanism. Therefore, targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is proposed to be an effective strategy to sensitize tumor cells to TMZ. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combined use of the PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 and TMZ showed synergetic anticancer effects on human GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment led to significantly increased cell apoptosis and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In addition, a mechanistic study indicated that TMZ enhanced the homologous recombination (HR) repair efficiency in GBM cells, while ZSTK474 impaired HR repair by blocking the phosphorylation of ATM and the expression of BRCA1/2 and Rad51, thereby sensitizing GBM cells to TMZ. Moreover, TMZ activated the PI3K signaling pathway through upregulation of the PI3K catalytic subunits p110α and p110β and the phosphorylation of Akt. Meanwhile, ZSTK474 blocked the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, our findings suggested that the combination of ZSTK474 and TMZ might be a potential therapeutic option for GBM.
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50
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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