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Ramezani M, Fernando M, Eslick S, Asih PR, Shadfar S, Bandara EMS, Hillebrandt H, Meghwar S, Shahriari M, Chatterjee P, Thota R, Dias CB, Garg ML, Martins RN. Ketone bodies mediate alterations in brain energy metabolism and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1297984. [PMID: 38033541 PMCID: PMC10687427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1297984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits, and behavioral changes. Neuropathology hallmarks of AD such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing the neuron-specific protein tau is associated with changes in fluid biomarkers including Aβ, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)-181, p-tau 231, p-tau 217, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NFL). Another pathological feature of AD is neural damage and hyperactivation of astrocytes, that can cause increased pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. In addition, reduced brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction appears up to 15 years before the onset of clinical AD symptoms. As glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD, ketone bodies (KBs) may serve as an alternative source of energy. KBs are generated from the β-oxidation of fatty acids, which are enhanced following consumption of ketogenic diets with high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. KBs have been shown to cross the blood brain barrier to improve brain energy metabolism. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on how increasing KBs support brain energy metabolism. In addition, for the first time, this review discusses the effects of ketogenic diet on the putative AD biomarkers such as Aβ, tau (mainly p-tau 181), GFAP, and NFL, and discusses the role of KBs on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Malika Fernando
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Eslick
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Heidi Hillebrandt
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Silochna Meghwar
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Maryam Shahriari
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Cintia B. Dias
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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Mackei M, Sebők C, Vöröházi J, Tráj P, Mackei F, Oláh B, Fébel H, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Detrimental consequences of tebuconazole on redox homeostasis and fatty acid profile of honeybee brain. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103990. [PMID: 37488035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of azole fungicides in agriculture poses a potential threat to honeybees and other pollinator insects; however, the detailed effects of these molecules remain largely unclear. Hence, in the present study it was aimed to investigate the acute sublethal effects of tebuconazole on the redox homeostasis and fatty acid composition in the brain of honeybees. Our findings demonstrate that tebuconazole decreased total antioxidant capacity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and disturbed the function of key antioxidant defense enzymes along with the induction of lipid peroxidation indicated by increased malondialdehyde levels, while it also altered the fatty acid profile of the brain. The present study highlights the negative impact of tebuconazole on honeybees and contributes to the understanding of potential consequences related to azole exposure on pollinator insects' health, such as the occurrence of colony collapse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vöröházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés Street 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary
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Li SR, Moheimani H, Herzig B, Kail M, Krishnamoorthi N, Wu J, Abdelhamid S, Scioscia J, Sung E, Rosengart A, Bonaroti J, Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Neal MD, Das J, Kar U, Sperry J, Billiar TR. High-dimensional proteomics identifies organ injury patterns associated with outcomes in human trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023; 94:803-813. [PMID: 36787435 PMCID: PMC10205666 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe traumatic injury with shock can lead to direct and indirect organ injury; however, tissue-specific biomarkers are limited in clinical panels. We used proteomic and metabolomic databases to identify organ injury patterns after severe injury in humans. METHODS Plasma samples (times 0, 24, and 72 hours after arrival to trauma center) from injured patients enrolled in two randomized prehospital trials were subjected to multiplexed proteomics (SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, CO). Patients were categorized by outcome: nonresolvers (died >72 hours or required ≥7 days of critical care), resolvers (survived to 30 days and required <7 days of critical care), and low Injury Severity Score (ISS) controls. Established tissue-specific biomarkers were identified through a literature review and cross-referenced with tissue specificity from the Human Protein Atlas. Untargeted plasma metabolomics (Metabolon Inc., Durham, NC), inflammatory mediators, and endothelial damage markers were correlated with injury biomarkers. Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests with false discovery rate correction assessed differences in biomarker expression across outcome groups (significance; p < 0.1). RESULTS Of 142 patients, 78 were nonresolvers (median ISS, 30), 34 were resolvers (median ISS, 22), and 30 were low ISS controls (median ISS, 1). A broad release of tissue-specific damage markers was observed at admission; this was greater in nonresolvers. By 72 hours, nine cardiac, three liver, eight neurologic, and three pulmonary proteins remained significantly elevated in nonresolvers compared with resolvers. Cardiac damage biomarkers showed the greatest elevations at 72 hours in nonresolvers and had significant positive correlations with proinflammatory mediators and endothelial damage markers. Nonresolvers had lower concentrations of fatty acid metabolites compared with resolvers, particularly acyl carnitines and cholines. CONCLUSION We identified an immediate release of tissue-specific biomarkers with sustained elevation in the liver, pulmonary, neurologic, and especially cardiac injury biomarkers in patients with complex clinical courses after severe injury. The persistent myocardial injury in nonresolvers may be due to a combination of factors including metabolic stress, inflammation, and endotheliopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimena R Li
- From the Department of Surgery (S.L., H.M., B.H., M.K., N.K., J.W., S.A., J. Scioscia, E.S., A.R., J.B., M.N., U.K., J. Sperry, T.R.B.) and Pittsburgh Transfusion and Trauma Research Center (S.L., H.M., B.H., M.K., N.K., J.W., S.A., J. Scioscia, E.S., A.R., J.B., M.N., U.K., J. Sperry, T.R.B.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (B.H.), Erie, Pennsylvania; Department of Cardiology (J.W.), The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Section for Transfusion Medicine (P.I.J., J. Stensballe), Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet and Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Center (J. Stensballe), Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen; Emergency Medical Services (J. Stensballe), The Capital Region of Denmark, Hillerød, Denmark; and Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology (J.D.) and Computational and Systems Biology (J.D.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Nutrients, Physical Activity, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051217. [PMID: 36904216 PMCID: PMC10004804 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some tumors. It includes insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MetS is primarily linked to lipotoxicity, with ectopic fat deposition from fat storage exhaustion, more than obesity per se. Excessive intake of long-chain saturated fatty acid and sugar closely relates to lipotoxicity and MetS through several pathways, including toll-like receptor 4 activation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulation (PPARγ), sphingolipids remodeling, and protein kinase C activation. These mechanisms prompt mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a key role in disrupting the metabolism of fatty acids and proteins and in developing insulin resistance. By contrast, the intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and medium-chain saturated (low-dose) fatty acids, as well as plant-based proteins and whey protein, favors an improvement in sphingolipid composition and metabolic profile. Along with dietary modification, regular exercises including aerobic, resistance, or combined training can target sphingolipid metabolism and improve mitochondrial function and MetS components. This review aimed to summarize the main dietary and biochemical aspects related to the physiopathology of MetS and its implications for mitochondrial machinery while discussing the potential role of diet and exercise in counteracting this complex clustering of metabolic dysfunctions.
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Heidt C, Fobker M, Newport M, Feldmann R, Fischer T, Marquardt T. Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), Glucose, Insulin, Octanoate (C8), and Decanoate (C10) Responses to a Medium-Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oil with and without Glucose: A Single-Center Study in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051148. [PMID: 36904147 PMCID: PMC10005646 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MCTs are increasingly being used to promote ketogenesis by patients on ketogenic diet therapy, but also by people with other conditions and by the general public for the perceived potential benefits. However, consumption of carbohydrates with MCTs and untoward gastrointestinal side effects, especially at higher doses, could decrease the sustainability of the ketogenic response. This single-center study investigated the impact of consuming carbohydrate as glucose with MCT oil compared to MCT alone on the BHB response. The effects of MCT oil versus MCT oil plus glucose on blood glucose, insulin response, levels of C8, C10, BHB, and cognitive function were determined, and side effects were monitored. A significant plasma BHB increase with a peak at 60 min was observed in 19 healthy participants (24.4 ± 3.9 years) after consuming MCT oil alone, and a more delayed but slightly higher peak was observed after consuming MCT oil plus glucose. A significant increase in blood glucose and insulin levels occurred only after MCT oil plus glucose intake. The overall mean plasma levels of C8 and C10 were higher with the intake of MCT oil alone. MCT oil plus glucose consumption showed improved scores for the arithmetic and vocabulary subtests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Heidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Manfred Fobker
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Mary Newport
- Spring Hill Neonatology, Inc., Spring Hill, FL 34610, USA
| | - Reinhold Feldmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tobias Fischer
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, FH Muenster, University of Applied Sciences, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (T.M.)
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Wichai U, Keawsomnuk P, Thongin S, Mukthung C, Boonthip C, Pittayakhajonwut P, Ketsawatsomkron P, Bunyapraphatsara N, Muta K. Cellular responses to 8-methyl nonanoic acid, a degradation by-product of dihydrocapsaicin, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:18. [PMID: 36681810 PMCID: PMC9862568 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicinoids, such as dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), exert the health-promoting effects of chili peppers on energy metabolism. The metabolic responses to capsaicinoids are primarily mediated through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). However, the varying contributions of their metabolites to beneficial health outcomes remain unclear. 8-methyl nonanoic acid (8-MNA), a methyl-branched medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), is an in vivo degradation by-product of DHC. Since MCFAs have emerged as metabolic modulators in adipocytes, here we examined various cellular responses to 8-MNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS The viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to various concentrations of 8-MNA was assessed by the Calcein AM assay. Biochemical assays for lipid accumulation, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, lipolysis and glucose uptake were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 8-MNA during 48-h nutrient starvation or 5-day maturation. RESULTS 8-MNA caused no impact on cell viability. During nutrient starvation, 8-MNA decreased lipid amounts in association with AMPK activation, a molecular event that suppresses lipogenic processes. Moreover, 3T3-L1 adipocytes that were treated with 8-MNA during 5-day maturation exhibited a reduced lipolytic response to isoproterenol and an increased glucose uptake when stimulated with insulin. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 8-MNA derived from DHC modulates energy metabolism in adipocytes and also support the idea that the metabolic benefits of chili consumption are partly attributable to 8-MNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthai Wichai
- grid.412029.c0000 0000 9211 2704Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ploychanok Keawsomnuk
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
| | - Saowarose Thongin
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
| | - Chaiyot Mukthung
- grid.412029.c0000 0000 9211 2704Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Boonthip
- grid.412029.c0000 0000 9211 2704Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pattama Pittayakhajonwut
- grid.425537.20000 0001 2191 4408National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
| | - Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kenjiro Muta
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
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Bacova BS, Andelova K, Sykora M, Egan Benova T, Barancik M, Kurahara LH, Tribulova N. Does Myocardial Atrophy Represent Anti-Arrhythmic Phenotype? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2819. [PMID: 36359339 PMCID: PMC9687767 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on cardiac atrophy resulting from mechanical or metabolic unloading due to various conditions, describing some mechanisms and discussing possible strategies or interventions to prevent, attenuate or reverse myocardial atrophy. An improved awareness of these conditions and an increased focus on the identification of mechanisms and therapeutic targets may facilitate the development of the effective treatment or reversion for cardiac atrophy. It appears that a decrement in the left ventricular mass itself may be the central component in cardiac deconditioning, which avoids the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias. The depressed myocardial contractility of atrophied myocardium along with the upregulation of electrical coupling protein, connexin43, the maintenance of its topology, and enhanced PKCƐ signalling may be involved in the anti-arrhythmic phenotype. Meanwhile, persistent myocardial atrophy accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as extracellular matrix fibrosis, may lead to severe cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Data in the literature suggest that the prevention of heart failure via the attenuation or reversion of myocardial atrophy is possible, although this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamara Egan Benova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lin Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 761-0793, Japan
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ren W, Wu Q, Deng L, Hu Y, Guo W, Ren N. Simultaneous medium chain fatty acids production and process carbon emissions reduction in a continuous-flow reactor: Re-understanding of carbon flow distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113294. [PMID: 35460635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to its wide application and high value, the production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from waste biomass has become one of the worldwide research hotspots. Increasing the carbon element participation from short-chain fatty acids to the form of MCFAs is also conductive to reduce the release of biogas from biological treatment process, because carbon is in the form of MCFAs instead of biogas which directly contribute to process carbon emissions reduction. However, many barriers limiting MCFAs production and application remain to be resolved. Aiming continuous MCFAs production from lactate-rich waste biomass, this study optimized the operation conditions and clarified the main limiting factors and possible mechanisms. The maximum caproic acid concentration of 2.757 g/L were obtained at the Upflow Velocity (ULV) of 1.15 m/h and pH 4.9-5.1. Caproiciproducens, Pseudoramibacter, norank_f_Eubacteriaceae, and Oscillibacter were identified to be the dominant microbial genus responsible for MCFAs production from lactate. The reduction of carbon emissions calculation was also studied in the present processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Zhao J, Zhao X, Yu J, Gao S, Zhang M, Yang T, Liu L. A multi-platform metabolomics reveals possible biomarkers for the early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1220:340038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tan R, Cong T, Xu G, Hao Z, Liao J, Xie Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Li Q, Liu Y, Xia YL. Anthracycline-Induced Atrial Structural and Electrical Remodeling Characterizes Early Cardiotoxicity and Contributes to Atrial Conductive Instability and Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:19-39. [PMID: 35081742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cancer patients treated with anthracyclines are susceptible to atrial fibrillation (AF), while the mechanisms remain unclear. Due to sudden and unpredictable features, prediction of anthracycline-induced AF at early phase is difficult. Clinically, we tested whether anthracycline-induced early atrial remodeling in patients could be detected by echocardiography. Experimentally, we investigated the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced atrial remodeling and AF in mice, and the protective effects of dexrazoxane and antioxidants. Methods and Results: Postsurgery breast cancer patients with an anthracycline-containing or anthracycline exclusion regimen were recruited for echocardiography before chemotherapy, and 3 and 6 months after chemotherapy. Mice were injected with doxorubicin or vehicle (5 mg/kg/week, 4 weeks), and left atrial diameter, electrical transmission, and AF inducibility were measured. Meanwhile, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of antioxidant enzymes, cardiomyocyte size, vacuolization, inflammation, and fibrosis were also measured in mouse atria. The therapeutic effects of dexrazoxane and antioxidants on doxorubicin-induced changes in the aforementioned parameters were also determined. While ventricular parameters and functions were unchanged in cancer patients receiving anthracyclines before and after chemotherapy, left atrial reservoir and conduit function were decreased at 3 months postchemotherapy versus prechemotherapy. Doxorubicin-induced susceptibility to AF occurred in mice before onset of ventricular dysfunction. Doxorubicin-induced AF was via inducing structural remodeling (cardiomyocyte death, hypotrophy, and vacuolization) and electrical remodeling (reduction and redistribution of connexin 43) in atria, which was effectively prevented by dexrazoxane or antioxidants through inhibiting ROS generation or enhancing ROS elimination. Innovation and Conclusion: AF inducibility was induced after doxorubicin injection, which can be inhibited by repressing the ROS level. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 19-39. The Clinical Trial Registration number is PJ-KS-KY-2019-73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Cong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guiwen Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhujing Hao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yajuan Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun-Long Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Zheng L, Wen XL, Duan SL. Role of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2660-2677. [PMID: 35434116 PMCID: PMC8968818 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it is improved gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and disease pathogenesis. Metabolites, small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism, is considered as one of the major interaction way for gut microbiota with the host. Bacterial metabolisms of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules or bacteria are the major source of metabolites. Signals from microbial metabolites affect immune maturation and homeostasis, host energy metabolism as well as mucosal integrity maintenance. Based on many researches, the composition and function of the microbiota can be changed, which is also seen in the metabolite profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, some specific classes of metabolites also can trigger IBD. In this paper, definition of the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites which are changed in IBD, description of the pathophysiological basis of association and identification of the precision therapeutic modulation in the future are the major contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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13
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Zheng L, Wen XL, Duan SL. Role of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2658-2675. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it is improved gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and disease pathogenesis. Metabolites, small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism, is considered as one of the major interaction way for gut microbiota with the host. Bacterial metabolisms of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules or bacteria are the major source of metabolites. Signals from microbial metabolites affect immune maturation and homeostasis, host energy metabolism as well as mucosal integrity maintenance. Based on many researches, the composition and function of the microbiota can be changed, which is also seen in the metabolite profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, some specific classes of metabolites also can trigger IBD. In this paper, definition of the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites which are changed in IBD, description of the pathophysiological basis of association and identification of the precision therapeutic modulation in the future are the major contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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14
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The Impact of Medium Chain and Polyunsaturated ω-3-Fatty Acids on Amyloid-β Deposition, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121991. [PMID: 34943094 PMCID: PMC8698946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population, is closely linked to a dysregulated cerebral lipid homeostasis and particular changes in brain fatty acid (FA) composition. The abnormal extracellular accumulation and deposition of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as an early toxic event in AD pathogenesis, which initiates a series of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. These include the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the disruption of calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity, an impairment of cerebral energy metabolism, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and polyunsaturated ω-3-fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) seem to be valuable for disease modification. Both classes of FAs have neuronal health-promoting and cognition-enhancing properties and might be of benefit for patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MCFAs and ω-3-PUFAs reduce the cerebral Aβ deposition, improve brain energy metabolism, and lessen oxidative stress levels.
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15
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16
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Mett J, Müller U. The medium-chain fatty acid decanoic acid reduces oxidative stress levels in neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6135. [PMID: 33731759 PMCID: PMC7971073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced oxidative stress is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer´s disease. Beneficial effects have been demonstrated for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) nutritionally administered as medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) or coconut oil (CO). The observed effects on cognitive impairment are generally attributed to the hepatic metabolism of MCFAs, where resulting ketone bodies serve as an alternate energy source to compensate for the impaired glucose utilisation in the human brain. Here we show that the saturated MCFA decanoic acid (10:0) reduces the oxidative stress level in two different neuroblastoma cell lines. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) containing decanoic acid (10:0) (PC10:0/10:0) reduced the cellular H2O2 release in comparison to solvent, L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine and PC containing the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) arachidic acid (20:0). This effect seems to be at least partially based on an upregulation of catalase activity, independent of alterations in catalase gene expression. Further, PC10:0/10:0 decreased the intracellular oxidative stress level and attenuated the H2O2-induced cell death. It did not affect the level of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). These results indicate that decanoic acid (10:0) and possibly MCFAs in general directly reduce oxidative stress levels independent of ketone levels and thus may promote neuronal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mett
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology) Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Uli Müller
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology) Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Tham YY, Choo QC, Muhammad TST, Chew CH. Lauric acid alleviates insulin resistance by improving mitochondrial biogenesis in THP-1 macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9595-9607. [PMID: 33259010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the central pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Macrophages play important roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Lauric acid is a 12-carbon medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) found abundantly in coconut oil or palm kernel oil and it comes with multiple beneficial effects. This research objective was to uncover the effects of the lauric acid on glucose uptake, mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin-resistant macrophages. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and induce insulin resistance, before they were treated with increasing doses of lauric acid (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, and 50 μM). Glucose uptake assay, cellular ROS and ATP production assays, mitochondrial content and membrane potential assay were carried out to analyse the effects of lauric acid on insulin resistance and mitochondrial biogenesis in the macrophages. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were also performed to determine the expression of the key regulators. Insulin-resistant macrophages showed lower glucose uptake, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression, and increased hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, lauric acid treatment upregulated glucose uptake, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expressions. The treatment also restored the mitochondrial biogenesis in the insulin-resistant macrophages by improving ATP production, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial content and potential, while it promoted the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator genes such as TFAM, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. We show here that lauric acid has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial dysregulation in insulin-resistant macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Tham
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Quok Cheong Choo
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Choy Hoong Chew
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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18
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Li Y, Wu H, Zhang R, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Jiang Q, Wang L. Diet containing stearic acid increases food reward-related behaviors in mice compared with oleic acid. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:45-54. [PMID: 32822805 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is currently a worldwide phenomenon. The consumption of calorie-rich foods is responsible for most obesity cases, but not all humans exposed to high-calorie diets develop obesity. According to recent studies, exposure to fat-rich diets may be the actual cause of obesity. Dietary long-chain fatty acids affect brain function and are linked to food intake and motivation-related behaviors. Recently, many studies have shown that different types of fatty acids play different roles in animals. In our study, the effects of stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid) and oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid) in diets on hedonic feeding behaviors were investigated, and changes of feeding-related protein levels in the brain were detected to explore the possible mechanism underlying the effects of these fatty acids. As a result, mice fed a diet containing stearic acid, compared to a diet containing oleic acid, exhibited increased food intake, hedonic eating, and an operant response to sucrose and locomotor activity. Furthermore, stearic acid corresponded to a higher level of leptin in serum than oleic acid. In addition, the stearic acid treated group had lower protein levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in the VTA and a higher dopamine concentration in the NAc than the oleic acid-treated group. Meanwhile, the protein level of TH in the NAc was higher and the protein level of the DA transporter in the VTA was lower in the stearic acid-fed group than in the oleic acid-fed group. In conclusion, these findings indicated that a diet containing stearic acid can increase hedonic feeding behavior and affect mesolimbic dopamine system signals in mice. Moreover, the lowering of serum leptin and leptin signaling in the VTA may contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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19
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Nukaga S, Mori T, Miyagawa Y, Fujiwara-Tani R, Sasaki T, Fujii K, Mori S, Goto K, Kishi S, Nakashima C, Ohmori H, Kawahara I, Luo Y, Kuniyasu H. Combined administration of lauric acid and glucose improved cancer-derived cardiac atrophy in a mouse cachexia model. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4605-4615. [PMID: 32969559 PMCID: PMC7734008 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer‐derived myocardial damage is an important cause of death in cancer patients. However, the development of dietary interventions for treating such damage has not been advanced. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary intervention with lauric acid (LAA) and glucose, which was effective against skeletal muscle sarcopenia in a mouse cachexia model, on myocardial damage. Treatment of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts with lauric acid promoted mitochondrial respiration and increased ATP production by Seahorse flux analysis, but did not increase oxidative stress. Glycolysis was also promoted by LAA. In contrast, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were suppressed, and oxidative stress was increased in an in vitro cachexia model in which cardiomyoblasts were treated with mouse cachexia ascites. Ascites‐treated H9c2 cells with concurrent treatment with LAA and high glucose showed that mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were promoted more than that of the control, and ATP was restored to the level of the control. Oxidative stress was also reduced by the combined treatment. In the mouse cachexia model, myocardiac atrophy and decreased levels of a marker of muscle maturity, SDS‐soluble MYL1, were observed. When LAA in CE‐2 diet was orally administered alone, no significant rescue was observed in the cancer‐derived myocardial disorder. In contrast, combined oral administration of LAA and glucose recovered myocardial atrophy and MYL1 to levels observed in the control without increase in the cancer weight. Therefore, it is suggested that dietary intervention using a combination of LAA and glucose for cancer cachexia might improve cancer‐derived myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nukaga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hoshida Minami Hospital, Katano, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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20
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Mori T, Ohmori H, Luo Y, Mori S, Miyagawa Y, Nukaga S, Goto K, Fujiwara-Tani R, Kishi S, Sasaki T, Fujii K, Kawahara I, Kuniyasu H. Giving combined medium-chain fatty acids and glucose protects against cancer-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3391-3399. [PMID: 31432554 PMCID: PMC6778650 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle volume is associated with prognosis of cancer patients. Maintenance of skeletal muscle is an essential concern in cancer treatment. In nutritional intervention, it is important to focus on differences in metabolism between tumor and skeletal muscle. We examined the influence of oral intake of glucose (0%, 10%, 50%) and 2% medium‐chain fatty acid (lauric acid, LAA, C12:0) on tumor growth and skeletal muscle atrophy in mouse peritoneal metastasis models using CT26 mouse colon cancer cells and HT29 human colon cancer cells. After 2 weeks of experimental breeding, skeletal muscle and tumor were removed and analyzed. Glucose intake contributed to prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy in a sugar concentration‐dependent way and also promoted tumor growth. LAA ingestion elevated the level of skeletal muscle protein and suppressed tumor growth by inducing tumor‐selective oxidative stress production. When a combination of glucose and LAA was ingested, skeletal muscle mass increased and tumor growth was suppressed. Our results confirmed that although glucose is an important nutrient for the prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy, it may also foster tumor growth. However, the ingestion of LAA inhibited tumor growth, and its combination with glucose promoted skeletal muscle integrity and function, without stimulating tumor growth. These findings suggest novel strategies for the prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shota Nukaga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hoshida Minami Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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