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Bril F, Ezeh U, Amiri M, Hatoum S, Pace L, Chen YH, Bertrand F, Gower B, Azziz R. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:10-24. [PMID: 37329216 PMCID: PMC10735305 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic trait and the most common endocrine disorder of women, clinically evident in 5% to 15% of reproductive-aged women globally, with associated cardiometabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS even in patients who do not have excess adiposity. METHODS We undertook a systematic review concerning AT dysfunction in PCOS, and prioritized studies that assessed AT function directly. We also explored therapies that targeted AT dysfunction for the treatment of PCOS. RESULTS Various mechanisms of AT dysfunction in PCOS were identified including dysregulation in storage capacity, hypoxia, and hyperplasia; impaired adipogenesis; impaired insulin signaling and glucose transport; dysregulated lipolysis and nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) kinetics; adipokine and cytokine dysregulation and subacute inflammation; epigenetic dysregulation; and mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Decreased glucose transporter-4 expression and content in adipocytes, leading to decreased insulin-mediated glucose transport in AT, was a consistent abnormality despite no alterations in insulin binding or in IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling. Adiponectin secretion in response to cytokines/chemokines is affected in PCOS compared to controls. Interestingly, epigenetic modulation via DNA methylation and microRNA regulation appears to be important mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction in PCOS. CONCLUSION AT dysfunction, more than AT distribution and excess adiposity, contributes to the metabolic and inflammation abnormalities of PCOS. Nonetheless, many studies provided contradictory, unclear, or limited data, highlighting the urgent need for additional research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bril
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Uche Ezeh
- California IVF Fertility Center, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mina Amiri
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1516745811, Iran
| | - Sana Hatoum
- Foundation for Research and Education Excellence, Vestavia, AL 35243, USA
| | - Lauren Pace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Research, Biomere-West, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Fred Bertrand
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barbara Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Healthcare Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Nikolettos K, Nikolettos N, Vlahos N, Pagonopoulou O, Asimakopoulos B. Role of leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome pathogenesis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2023; 75:460-467. [PMID: 36255161 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-20% of females and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Leptin seems to have an important role in reproduction. Many reproductive pathologies such as preeclampsia, PCOS, and endometriosis are associated to plasma adiponectin levels. Kisspeptin levels are increased in PCOS women. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A review of the literature was completed through the PubMed database aiming to find articles regarding leptin, adiponectin and kisspeptin and if they are related to PCOS pathogenesis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Even today it is not clear what is the role of leptin in women with PCOS, although most of the researchers found increased levels of leptin as well as leptin resistance in PCOS (both obese and lean individuals). Many more longitudinal studies should be done to discover the usefulness of measuring adiponectin in prepubertal women who apparently have a possibility to develop PCOS to find out if they finally develop PCOS. Most of the researchers found that PCOS women have decreased levels of adiponectin unrelated to BMI levels. Nevertheless, not all studies had the same result. Moreover, it is necessary more studies to be made to investigate the connection between kisspeptin and other metabolic factors such as LH and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS In general, it remains inconclusive whether leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin can be used as clinical and/or biochemical markers of PCOS. Therefore, it is essential to review the current data with regards to the association between PCOS and circulating leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece -
| | - Nikos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Pagonopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Byron Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102503. [PMID: 36289764 PMCID: PMC9598769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.
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Chen P, Jia R, Liu Y, Cao M, Zhou L, Zhao Z. Progress of Adipokines in the Female Reproductive System: A Focus on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881684. [PMID: 35692386 PMCID: PMC9178087 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, one type of loose connective tissue in the human body, maintains the primary task of energy storage. Adipose tissue is not only an energy reservoir but also plays a vital role as the largest endocrine organ of the whole body via releasing a variety of adipokines, which participate in many pathophysiological processes, such as energy metabolism regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that mainly involves the female reproductive system, affecting women of childbearing age particularly. Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) have been implicated as a critical link involving the etiology and outcome of PCOS. A great deal of studies has bridged the gap between adipokines (such as Adiponectin, Chemerin, Metrnl, Apelin, Resistin, Visfatin, Leptin, Vaspin, Lipocalin 2, and Omentin) and reproductive fitness. In this review, we will focus on the adipokines' functions on PCOS and come up with some points of view on the basis of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiming Zhao
- *Correspondence: Zhiming Zhao, ; orcid.org/0000000228443503
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Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Insulin Secretion and Signaling-Related Genes in Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:7781823. [PMID: 34949963 PMCID: PMC8668318 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7781823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women. PCOS is characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, insulin resistance, and obesity. Despite the finding that the genetic origin of PCOS is well demonstrated in previous twin and familial clustering studies, genes and factors that can exactly explain the PCOS pathophysiology are not known. Objective(s). In this review, we attempted to identify genes related to secretion and signaling of insulin aspects of PCOS and their physiological functions in order to explain the pathways that are regulated by these genes which can be a prominent function in PCOS predisposition. Materials and Methods. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. Results. The genomic investigations in women of different populations identified many candidate genes and loci that are associated with PCOS. The most important of them are INSR, IRS1-2, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, THADA, PPAR-γ2, ADIPOQ, and CAPN10. These are mainly associated with metabolic aspects of PCOS. Conclusions. In this review, we proposed that each of these genes may interrupt specific physiological pathways by affecting them and contribute to PCOS initiation. It is clear that the role of genes involved in insulin secretion and signaling is more critical than other pathways.
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Alwan IA, Al-Heety RA. Association of tumor necrosis factor-α (−308 G/A) and interleukin-10 (−1082 A/G) gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in Iraqi women. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Xu X, Hu K, Shi H, Yu Y, Xu J, Sun Y. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs743572 of CYP17A1 shows significant association with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:941-951. [PMID: 34538754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive and endocrine disease, believed to be caused by aberrant steroid biosynthesis pathways involving cytochrome P450, 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between CYP17A1 polymorphism rs743572 and PCOS risk. Studies on the CYP17A1 gene were retrieved by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science and statistical analyses were performed by STATA software. Fifteen eligible studies were included, dated from January 1994 to 19 November 2020, involving 2277 patients with PCOS and 1913 control individuals. Overall, the results showed that the rs743572 T>C mutation was most likely to be associated with PCOS risk under the recessive model, which was further confirmed by heterogeneity analysis and publication bias detection (CC versus CT + TT, odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.50, P = 0.028, I² = 35.9%). Moreover, subgroup analysis by ethnicity demonstrated that Caucasian but not Asian women carrying the CC genotype of rs743572 had an elevated risk of PCOS (CC versus CT + TT, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.06, P = 0.035, I² = 15.10%, six studies). In conclusion, rs743572 is highly likely to be a risk factor for PCOS, and the mutant genotype CC may increase susceptibility to PCOS in Caucasians rather than Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiao Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyue Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiping Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wu J, Zhao YJ, Wang M, Tang MQ, Liu YF. Correlation Analysis Between Ovarian Reserve and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Infertile Women of Reproductive Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:745199. [PMID: 34646238 PMCID: PMC8503559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between ovarian reserve and thyroid function in women with infertility. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the data of 496 infertility patients who visited the clinic between January 2019 and December 2020. According to the TSH level, it is grouped into <2.5 mIU/L, 2.5~4.0mIU/L and ≥4.0 mIU/L or according to the positive/negative thyroid autoimmune antibody. The relationship was assessed through the ovarian reserve, thyroid function, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in infertile patients. On the other hand, the patients are divided into groups according to age (≤29 years old, 30-34 years old and ≥35 years old), basic FSH (<10 IU/L and ≥10 IU/L), and AMH levels. The ovarian reserve was evaluated through the AMH and the antral follicle count (AFC). RESULTS The average age of the patients was 30.31 ± 4.50 years old, and the average AMH level was 5.13 ± 4.30 ng/mL. 3.63% (18/496) of patients had abnormal TSH levels (normal: 0.35-5.5 mIU/L), the positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 14.52% (72/496), the positive rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) was 16.94% (84/496), and the positive rate of TPOAb and TgAb was 10.48% (52/496). After grouping according to TSH level or thyroid autoimmune antibody positive/negative grouping, the analysis found that there was no statistical significance in age, AMH level and basic FSH level among the groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of TSH, FT3, and FT4 among different ages, AMH, and FSH levels (P>0.05). CONCLUSION There is no significant correlation between ovarian reserve and thyroid function in infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fushun Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fushun, China
| | - Ying-jie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fushun Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fushun, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fushun Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fushun, China
| | - Ming-qiang Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fushun Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fushun, China
| | - Yao-fang Liu
- Department of Reproductive Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yao-fang Liu,
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Castillo-Higuera T, Alarcón-Granados MC, Marin-Suarez J, Moreno-Ortiz H, Esteban-Pérez CI, Ferrebuz-Cardozo AJ, Forero-Castro M, Camargo-Vill Alba G. A Comprehensive Overview of Common Polymorphic Variants in Genes Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:2399-2412. [PMID: 33174186 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by an increase in the biosynthesis of androgens, anovulation, and infertility. PCOS has been reported as a polygenic entity in which multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the clinical features of the pathology. Herein, we describe the common polymorphic variants in genes related to PCOS, their role in its pathogenesis, and etiology. Whole-genome association studies have been focused on women from Asian and European populations. The most common genes associated with PCOS are DENND1A, THADA, FSHR, and LHCGR. However, other genes have been associated with PCOS such as AMH, AMHR2, ADIPOQ, FTO, HNF1A, CYP19, YAP1, HMGA2, RAB5B, SUOX, INSR, and TOX3. Nevertheless, the relationship between the biological functions of these genes and the development of the pathology is unclear. Studies in each gene in different populations do not always comply with a general pattern, so researching these variants is essential for better understanding of this polygenic syndrome. Future population studies should be carried out to evaluate biological processes, incidence rates, allelic and genotypic frequencies, and genetic susceptibility factors that predispose PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Castillo-Higuera
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - María Camila Alarcón-Granados
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Johana Marin-Suarez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Maribel Forero-Castro
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia.
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Zhang Y, Che L, Zhang M, He J. Common cytokine polymorphisms and predisposition to polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2020; 67:561-567. [PMID: 32295989 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of studies on the relationship between cytokine polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been controversial. This meta-analysis was thus designed to more precisely assess the relationship between TNF-α/IL-1/IL-6/IL-10 polymorphisms and PCOS by pooling the results of published studies. A search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI databases turned up 23 studies that were pooled and analyzed in this meta-analysis. The overall results showed that the distributions of TNF-α -238 G/A, TNF-α -857 C/T, and IL-1B -51 C/T polymorphisms among patients and controls differed significantly. Additionally, the distributions of TNF-α -308 G/A and IL-1B -51 C/T polymorphisms among patients and controls from Asian populations differed significantly, whereas the distributions of IL-6 -174 G/C and IL-1A -889 C/T polymorphisms among patients and controls from Caucasian populations also differed significantly. In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrated that TNF-α -238 G/A, TNF-α -857 C/T, and IL-1B -51 C/T polymorphisms might influence susceptibility to PCOS in the overall pooled population. Moreover, TNF-α -308 G/A and IL-1B -51 C/T polymorphisms might influence susceptibility to PCOS in Asians, whereas IL-6 -174 G/C and IL-1A -889 C/T polymorphisms might influence susceptibility to PCOS in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi 261300, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Che
- Department of Obstetrics, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi 261300, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi 261300, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaoyan He
- Department of Gynaecology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
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Li Y, Fang L, Yu Y, Shi H, Wang S, Li Y, Ma Y, Yan Y, Sun YP. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and PCOS risk: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 40:287-295. [PMID: 31956063 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the VEGF gene have been identified and are associated with the aberrant secretion of VEGF protein. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of the VEGF +405G>C (rs2010963), -460C>T (rs833061) and -2578A>C (rs699947) polymorphisms on PCOS susceptibility. A systematic search of the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Wanfang databases was carried out to identify relevant studies published before 19 July 2019. Seven eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis involving 1100 patients with PCOS and 1141 control individuals. The pooled analysis revealed no significant association between PCOS risk and the +405G>C (rs2010963), -460C>T (rs833061) or -2578A>C (rs699947) polymorphisms in women. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity indicated that Asian women carrying the VEGF +405C allele had a lower risk of PCOS (C versus G: odds ratio [OR] 0.731, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.544-0.982, P < 0.05, I2 = 46.4%; CG versus GG: OR 0.667, 95% CI 0.469-0.948, P < 0.05, I2 = 18.4%; CC versus GG: OR 0.611, 95% CI 0.390-0.958, P < 0.05, I2 = 24.3%). The study demonstrates that for all women regardless of ethnicity, no significant associations between VEGF SNP and PCOS were observed; however, +405G>C (rs2010963) may protect Asian women from PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yiping Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Yujia Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China.
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The Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Overview of Candidate Gene Systematic Reviews and Genome-Wide Association Studies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101606. [PMID: 31623391 PMCID: PMC6832583 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition with mechanisms likely to involve the interaction between genetics and lifestyle. Familial clustering of PCOS symptoms is well documented, providing evidence for a genetic contribution to the condition. This overview aims firstly to systematically summarise the current literature surrounding genetics and PCOS, and secondly, to assess the methodological quality of current systematic reviews and identify limitations. Four databases were searched to identify candidate gene systematic reviews, and quality was assessed with the AMSTAR tool. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were identified by a semi structured literature search. Of the candidate gene systematic reviews, 17 were of high to moderate quality and four were of low quality. A total of 19 gene loci have been associated with risk of PCOS in GWAS, and 11 of these have been replicated across two different ancestries. Gene loci were located in the neuroendocrine, metabolic, and reproductive pathways. Overall, the gene loci with the most robust findings were THADA, FSHR, INS-VNTR, and DENND1A, that now require validation. This overview also identified limitations of the current literature and important methodological considerations for future genetic studies. Much work remains to identify causal variants and functional relevance of genes associated with PCOS.
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Wang L, Ge H, Peng L, Wang B. A meta-analysis of the relationship between VEGFR2 polymorphisms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:860-865. [PMID: 31339592 PMCID: PMC6788482 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some previous studies explored associations between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) polymorphisms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), with conflicting findings. HYPOTHESIS We thought that VEGFR2 polymorphisms may influence susceptibility to ASCVD. Here, we aimed to better analyze the relationship between VEGFR2 polymorphisms and ASCVD in a larger combined population by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for related articles. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate whether there are genetic associations between VEGFR2 polymorphisms and ASCVD. RESULTS Ten studies were included for this meta-analysis (5474 cases and 8584 controls). VEGFR2 rs1870377 (dominant comparison: 0.81 (0.73-0.89), I2 = 56%; recessive comparison: 1.40 (1.25-1.57), I2 = 34%; allele comparison: 0.81 (0.76-0.87), I2 = 0%), rs2071559 (dominant comparison: 0.83 (0.76-0.91), I2 = 0%; recessive comparison: 1.22 (1.07-1.38), I2 = 0%; allele comparison: 0.86 (0.81-0.92), I2 = 0%) and rs2305948 (dominant comparison: 0.79 (0.72-0.87), I2 = 25%; recessive comparison: 1.44 (1.08-1.92), I2 = 60%; allele comparison: 0.79 (0.68-0.92), I2 = 73%) polymorphisms were all found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to ASCVD in general population. Subgroup analyses by type of disease revealed similar significant findings for rs1870377, rs2071559, and rs2305948 polymorphisms in coronary artery disease (CAD) subgroup. Besides, positive results were also found for rs1870377 polymorphism in ischemic stroke (IS) subgroup. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this meta-analysis proved that these VEGFR2 polymorphisms could be used to identify individual with elevated susceptibility to ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of HealthcareFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Ge
- Department of HealthcareFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Longyun Peng
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of RadiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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A meta-analysis on associations of FTO, MTHFR and TCF7L2 polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome. Genomics 2019; 112:1516-1521. [PMID: 31470081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to better clarify the relationship between FTO/MTHFR/TCF7L2 polymorphisms and PCOS in a larger combined population by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS Eligible articles were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI. Review Manager Version was used to perform statistical analyses. RESULTS Forty-six studies were included for this meta-analysis. FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with PCOS under dominant, recessive, over-dominant and allele comparisons, MTHFR rs1801131 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with PCOS under recessive and allele comparisons, and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was also found to be significantly associated with PCOS under dominant, recessive and allele comparisons in general population. In subgroup analyses, we found that positive results were mainly driven by the Asians. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this meta-analysis proved that FTO rs9939609, MTHFR rs1801131 and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms may serve as predisposing factors of PCOS, especially for Asians.
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Associations of leptin and leptin receptor genetic variants with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190466. [PMID: 31113873 PMCID: PMC6558721 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Some pilot studies already tried to investigate potential associations of leptin (LEP) and LEP receptor (LEPR) variants with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results of these studies were not consistent. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis to explore associations between LEP/LEPR variants and CAD in a larger pooled population. Methods: Systematic literature research of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI was performed to identify eligible case–control studies on associations between LEP/LEPR variants and CAD. The initial search was conducted in September 2018 and the latest update was performed in December 2018. Q test and I2 statistic were employed to assess between-study heterogeneities. If probability value(P-value) of Q test was less than 0.1 or I2 was greater than 50%, random-effect models (REMs) would be used to pool the data. Otherwise, fixed-effect models (FEMs) would be applied for synthetic analyses. Results: A total of ten studies published between 2006 and 2018 were eligible for analyses (1989 cases and 2601 controls). Pooled analyses suggested that LEP rs7799039 variant was significantly associated with CAD under over-dominant model (P=0.0007, odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.63, I2 = 41%, FEM) in overall population, and this significant finding was further confirmed in East Asians in subsequent subgroup analyses. However, no positive findings were observed for LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 variants in overall and subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggested that LEP rs7799039 variant might affect individual susceptibility to CAD.
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Barbe A, Bongrani A, Mellouk N, Estienne A, Kurowska P, Grandhaye J, Elfassy Y, Levy R, Rak A, Froment P, Dupont J. Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action in Fertility: An Overview from Gametogenesis to Gestation in Humans and Animal Models in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071526. [PMID: 30934676 PMCID: PMC6479753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant plasma adipokine. It mainly derives from white adipose tissue and plays a key role in the control of energy metabolism thanks to its insulin-sensitising, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties. In vitro and in vivo evidence shows that adiponectin could also be one of the hormones controlling the interaction between energy balance and fertility in several species, including humans. Indeed, its two receptors—AdipoR1 and AdipoR2—are expressed in hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and their activation regulates Kiss, GnRH and gonadotropin expression and/or secretion. In male gonads, adiponectin modulates several functions of both somatic and germ cells, such as steroidogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In females, it controls steroidogenesis of ovarian granulosa and theca cells, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. Adiponectin receptors were also found in placental and endometrial cells, suggesting that this adipokine might play a crucial role in embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion and foetal growth. The aim of this review is to characterise adiponectin expression and its mechanism of action in male and female reproductive tract. Further, since features of metabolic syndrome are associated with some reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, endometriosis, foetal growth restriction and ovarian and endometrial cancers, evidence regarding the emerging role of adiponectin in these disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Barbe
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
| | - Namya Mellouk
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
| | - Anthony Estienne
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
| | - Yaelle Elfassy
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, F-75020 Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, F-75005 Paris, France.
- INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75571 Paris, France.
| | - Rachel Levy
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, F-75020 Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, F-75005 Paris, France.
- INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75571 Paris, France.
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France.
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